Ufudu oluhlaza - Lokhu ngofudu lwasolwandle oluhlobene nohlobo lwalo ngenombolo eyodwa, noma ngabe ngaphambili lwalungowase-Australia. 
Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngendawo yokuhlala yalesi silwane esidliwayo, amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngaso, ngokuzala nokunye okuningi.
Incazelo ye-Green Turtle
Ufudu oluhlaza -Umeleli omkhulu wasolwandle, ofinyelela ubude obungu-80-150 cm, kanye nesisindo somzimba esingu-70-200 kg! Kuliqiniso, abamele amakhulu kunabaningi, akunzima ukuhlangana neshobhe elakhula ngo-150-200 cm futhi linesisindo esingu-500 kg. Kepha umbala omuhle anawo! Izikhumba ezinentamo zinde, zimbozwe iphethini emnyama nomhlophe noma iphuzi elimhlophe, kanti igobolondo luhlaza okomnqumo noma luhlaza okotshani.
Olwandle oluvulekile ufudu Idla ikakhulu nge-jellyfish, izimila nezinye izilwane, kepha lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila. Ngemuva kwalokho, usondela ogwini, edla cishe i-algae kuphela, kepha uhlala engenangqondo ngokudla i-jellyfish, ebhukuda kude nokujula.
Ukubukeka
Igobolondo eliyindilinga le-turtle eluhlaza luyi-oval. Kubantu abadala, ingafinyelela ubude berekhodi lamamitha ayi-2, kepha ubukhulu obujwayelekile bungamasentimitha angama-70 - 100. Isakhiwo segobolondo siyingqayizivele: konke kuqukethe izihlangu eziseduze komunye nomunye, kunombala ogqamile ngaphezulu, kumbozwe ngezihlangu futhi kunekhanda elincane reptile. Amehlo anezingane eziyindilinga makhulu ngokwanele futhi anesimo esenziwe njenge-alimondi.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Izicucu zivumela izimfudu ukuthi zibhukude futhi zihambe ezweni, yilawo nalawo malungu anozipho.
Isisindo somuntu ojwayelekile singama-80-100 kg, amasampula anesisindo esingama-200 kg awandile. Kepha isisindo esirekhodiwe sofudu oluhlaza olwandle singamakhilogremu angama-400. Umbala wegobolondo uncike endaweni lapho ufudu lwazalelwa khona lukhula khona. Kungaba ixhaphozi, luhlaza okotshani, noma kube nsundu, okunamabala aphuzi angalingani. Kodwa isikhumba sine-tint eluhlaza kanye namafutha aqongelela ngaphansi kwegobolondo ngaphakathi, sibonga ukuthi izitsha ezivela ku-turtles zine-aftertaste ekhethekile.
Ukuziphatha, indlela yokuphila
Izimfudu zolwandle azivamile ukuhlala emakoloni; zithanda indlela yokuphila yodwa. Kepha sekuphele amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, abacwaningi bexakaniseka nokwenzeka kwezifudu zasolwandle, eziqonde kahle emikhondweni yamagagasi olwandle, bayakwazi ukuhlangana ngosuku oluthile kwelinye lamabhishi ukuze babeke amaqanda.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi, bayakwazi ukuthola ugu ebelukade lubambeke kulo, kulapho bayobeka khona amaqanda abo, noma ngabe kufanele banqobe amakhilomitha amaningi.
Ama-turtle olwandle awanalo ulaka, athembela, azama ukuhlala eduze nolwandle, lapho ukujula kungafiki amamitha ayi-10. Lapha afuthelwe ebusweni bamanzi, angaphuma aye emhlabathini ayokugeza ilanga, adle ulwelwe. Ama-turtles aphefumula kancane, ephefumula njalo ngemizuzu emi-5 ukusuka ebusweni.
Kepha esimweni sokuphumula noma sokulala, izimfudu eziluhlaza zingaze ziphume amahora amaningi. Izibalo ezinamandla - amaflifuli, njengama-oars, asiza ukuba ahambe ngesivinini esingafika kumakhilomitha ayi-10 ngehora, ngakho ukubhukuda kanye nezimfudu eziluhlaza akukubi.
Izicucu ezingafuneki emaqandeni, izinsana ziphuthuma esihlabathini ziye emanzini. Akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ngisho nokufika kulayini we-surf, ngoba izinyoni, izilwane ezidla ezinye, nezinye izinto ezihuquzelayo neziphindaphindayo ezidla imvuthuluka kuma crumbs anamagobolondo athambile. Ukudla okulula kumelwa yizingane ogwini, kepha aziphephile emanzini.
Ngakho-ke, iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila, kuze kufike igobolondo liqina, omfudu bachitha ekujuleni kolwandle, bezifihla ngokucophelela. Ngalesi sikhathi, azondli ngokudla kwezitshalo kuphela, kepha futhi ne-jellyfish, i-plankton, ama-mollusks kanye nama-crustaceans.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Lapho lukhula ufudu, lusondele ogwini luthanda ukuhlala khona. Kancane kancane ukuguquka kanye nokudla, babe "imifino."
Bangaphezu kuka-10 “amakoloni” amafudu aluhlaza owaziwayo emhlabeni, ngalinye linemililo yalo. Abanye bahlala bezulazula, belandela imisinga efudumele, abanye bayakwazi ubusika ezindaweni zabo zomdabu, "basking" ku-silt osogwini.
Abanye ososayensi bahlongoza ukuhlukanisa kube ngokwahlukaniswa ngokwahlukana kwesibalo sabafudu abaluhlaza abahlala ezindaweni ezithile. Lokhu kwenzeke ngezimpungushe zase-Australia.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Okuyingozi kakhulu kwamafudu yiminyaka yokuqala lapho izingane zicishe zingavikeleki. Ama-turtles amaningi awakwazi ukuhlala amahora amaningi ukuze afike emanzini. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuthola igobolondo elilukhuni, amafudu aluhlaza aba sengozini encane. Isilinganiso sobomi besikhathi semfudu yasolwandle esimweni semvelo yiminyaka engama-70-80. Ekuthunjweni, lezi zifudu ziphila okuncane, ngoba abantu abakwazi ukuphinda indawo yabo yemvelo.
Okubhalwe phansi kwe-Tortoise
I-Atlantic green turtle inegobolondo elibanzi nelicaba, ithanda ukuhlala endaweni engasogwini yeNyakatho Melika, futhi itholakala eduze nolwandle lwaseYurophu.
IPacific East ihlala, njengomthetho, ogwini lweCalifornia, eChile, ingatholakala nasogwini lwe-Alaska. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kungahlukaniswa yi-carapace emincane futhi ephezulu yombala omnyama (onsundu ngombala ophuzi).
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Izilwandlekazi zasePacific nezase-Atlantic, amanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni engezansi kwezamanzi aba ikhaya lezifudu eziluhlaza zasolwandle. Ungazibukela eNetherlands, nakwezinye izingxenye ze-UK, nasezindaweni zaseNingizimu Afrika. Njengamakhulu eminyaka adlule, izidalwa ezifuywayo azishiyi indawo engasogwini yeNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, yize manje laba bantu basolwandle abamangalisa kakhulu. Kukhona izimfudu eziluhlaza ogwini lwase-Australia.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ubukhulu bufika kumamitha ayi-10, amanzi afudumele kahle, ulwelwe oluningi nendawo enamatye - okuyikho konke okuheha izimfudu, kwenza lesi sigaba noma lesoya olwandle emhlabeni sikhange.
Emadwaleni amadwala, acasha kulabo abawasukelayo, aphumule, imihume iba ikhaya labo unyaka noma iminyaka eminingana. Nomaphi lapho zihlala futhi zidla khona, zihamba ziya kwenye indawo, ziqondiswa yisifiso sazo, okuthile kuyaphoqa ukuba ziphinde ziphinde zibuyele emabhishi azo, lapho zilandelwa nje ukuzingela okuyinqaba. Ama-turtles angababhukudi abahle kakhulu abangasabi amabanga amade, abathandi abakhulu bokuhamba.
Ufudu wolwandle oluhlaza
Green Sea Turtle - I-Chelonia mydas - uhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo emhlabeni jikelele: e-Atlantic, Pacific, kanye nasezilwandle zaseNdiya. Ku-Atlantic Ocean, ufudu oluhlaza lungatholakala kusuka ogwini olusenyakatho ye-United States luya ogwini lwe-Argentina ngo-38º. sh., kanye nokusuka ezifundeni ezisogwini zeGreat Britain, iBelgium neNetherlands kuya emanzini aseNingizimu Afrika, kutholakala olwandle lwePacific kusuka entshonalanga ne-Afrika kuye kuwo womabili amaMelika.
Ukubhaliswa okumbili kokufudumele kolwandle oluhlaza kuyaziwa:
- I-Atlantic Green Turtle - I-Chelonia mydas mydasuhlala eduze nasogwini lwaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Lolu ufudu luthambile, igobolondo lalo libanzi
I-Eastern Pacific Green Turtle - UChelonia mydas agassizii - Kwesinye isikhathi iba ne-carapace emnyama, etholakala eduze kwe-Alaska, yonke indawo eduzane neCalifornia, iza eChile. Lo ufudu mude, i-carapace yakhe isivele (ubude bayo bungama-117 cm), isisindo esiyi-126 kg.
Izakhamuzi zasePacific nase-Atlantic ziye zahlukaniswa iminyaka eyizigidi eziningana.
I-turtle eluhlaza yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezingaphansi kolwandle izimfudu zolwandle: ubude begobolondo busuka ku-71 kuya ku-153 cm, abantu abakhulu bavame ukutholakala kuze kube ngu-1,4 m ubude.Lolu hlobo lohlobo lwemfudu lunobunzima obungama-205 kg, kepha-ke, abantu bodwa batholwe baze bafinyelela kuma-400 kg. Kufudu lwasolwandle oluhlaza, igobolondo eliphansi eliyindilinga limbozwe ngezihlangu ezinkulu ze-horny, imiphetho yazo engakaze idlule. Ikhanda lincane uma liqhathaniswa nosayizi womzimba, limbozwe ngezihlangu ezinkulu ezilinganayo, ingaphambili le-muzzle liyindilinga. Ufudu oluhlaza aludonseli ikhanda laso ngaphakathi kwezihlangu. Amehlo akhe makhulu, njengazo zonke ezinye izimfudu zolwandle. Izingalo zifana namapheshana futhi zivunyelwe kahle ukubhukuda. Amafifaza angaphambili ngokuvamile anenhlaka eyodwa.
Izimfudu zasolwandle zabesilisa zihluka kalula kwabesifazane kugobolondo oluthambile futhi olude, zikhulu futhi imisila yazo yinde (ngaphezu kwama-20 cm), ibonakala ngokusobala kusuka ngaphansi kwegobolondo. Umbala we-carapace (isihlangu esiphezulu semithwali) wesifudu esiluhlaza siluhlaza okwenziwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu omnyama, kwesinye isikhathi simnyama, ngokuya ngesimo sokuhanjiswa kwezinhlobo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nephethini yezindawo eziphuzi, kwesinye isikhathi umngcele omhlophe. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral (plastiki) lumhlophe noma luphuzi olunemiphetho emnyama eziseleni.
Ama-turtles aluhlaza ikakhulukazi ama-herbivores, futhi achitha isikhathi esiningi olwandle, edla ama-algae notshani obukhula ogwini, akhuphuka lapho kugcwala khona amaza amakhulu. Emncane, adla izilwane zasolwandle: jellyfish, crabs, sponges, snails and worms. Ama-turtle abantu abadala ayizidlakudla ngokweqile.
Abesilisa nabesifazane bavuthwa ngokobulili phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 nengama-24. Ukuzala kuncike kububanzi befudu. Ukucabanga kungenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala sowesilisa nowesifazane. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, amafudu enza imisindo enkulu acule. Njengezinye izinhlobo, abesilisa bancintisana nabesifazane, bezama ukuluma umphikisi ngesikhathi sokuzala kwabo. Ukuhlangana ngokwako kwenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi noma ngaphezulu kolwandle ngaphakathi kwe-1 km yogu. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi ithola isidoda esanele, okwanele ukuba abeke amaqanda kaningana ngonyaka. Uzala inzalo ngokubekela amaqanda njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwayisithupha. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzalela, izimfudu ziyahamba ngamakhulu ngisho nezinkulungwane zamamayela olwandle ziye lapho zazalelwa khona. Izinsikazi zezimfudu eziluhlaza zizalela amaqanda azo emabhishi afanayo lapho kwakulele khona omama nogogo bazo. Lapho insikazi isilungele ukubeka amaqanda ayo, isuka olwandle, iwelele ogwini olunesihlabathi bese imba umgodi amahora amaningi ize ikwazi ngokomzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho ubeka amaqanda ayi-100-200. Ufudu lumboza ukubumbeka kwesihlabathi ukuze kulivikele ekushiseni, elangeni eliqondile nakwizinyamazane. Izimfudu eziluhlaza zasePacific zibekela amaqanda amaningi kune-Atlantic. Amaqanda aqanduselwa izinsuku ezingama-40-72, ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kwefudu.
Ama-turtles avula igobolondo ngamazinyo amaqanda. Ukubekwa kwamaqanda amakhulu kangaka ngamafudu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi ngamanoni ambalwa kuphela angaphila. Izitha zemvelo - ama-raccoon, izimpungushe, izidladla, izintuthwane, ngisho nabantu bamba amaqanda. Lezo zimfudu ezikwazi ukudonsa eqandeni ziqala ukusebenza ngamafliphu, kuthi isihlabathi siyakhubeka, sizicindezele ebusweni. Baqala ukuthuthela olwandle futhi basuka ogwini. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimfudu zisengozini enkulu. Amagwababa amakhulu, izintuthwane, izinyoka, izinyoni zasolwandle, amathuba, amagundane angawahlasela. Iminyaka eminingana babhukuda olwandle, bedla i-plankton. Sonke lesi sikhathi i-carapace yabo ithambile, futhi amafudu asemancane ayizisulu ezilula zezilwane eziyinhlanzi: oshaka, amahlengethwa, njll. Ngemuva kweminyaka ethile yokudla eplankton, athuthela emgodini oshubile futhi adle ku-algae.
I-Green Turtle Eating
Lapho nje izimfudu zibona ukukhanya, zilalela imvelo yakudala, zilwela ukujula ngangokunokwenzeka. Kulapho, phakathi kwamakhorali, ngezixhobo zasolwandle, nangama-algae amaningi asatshiswa inani elincane labantu abafuna ukudla izakhamizi zalo zomhlaba namanzi. Ukukhula okwandisiwe kubenza bangangeni kuphela izimila, kodwa futhi nama-mollusks, i-jellyfish, ama-crustaceans. Ama-turtles amancane aluhlaza kanye nezikelemu zidla kalula.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-7- 7, igobolondo elithambile liyaqina, ukufika enyameni okumnandi kuya ngokuya kuba nzima ezinyoni nasezinhlanzini eziningi ezidlayo. Ngakho-ke, amafudu ngaphandle kokwesaba ashesha futhi asondele ogwini, emanzini afudunyezwa yilanga kanye nezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, hhayi ezasemanzini kuphela, kodwa futhi nasogwini. Lapho izimfudu eziluhlaza zivuthwa ngokobulili, ziyaguquka ngokuphelele ezitshalweni futhi zihlale imifino kuze kube yilapho sezidala.
Ama-turtle we-Thalassian kanye ne-zoster athanda kakhulu ufudu, olungamathanga alo ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-10 livame ukubizwa ngokuthi ngamadlelo. Izilwane ezihuqayo zenqabe ku-kelp. Zitholakala duzane nolwandle ngasikhathi esikhulu, zijabulisa ubumnandi bezitshalo zasemhlabeni ezinamanzi.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Ama-turtles aluhlaza avuthwa ngokocansi ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10. Ungahlukanisa ubulili bomuhlali wasolwandle phambilini. Abesilisa babo bobabili okukhona sebevele baphansi kunabesifazane; i-carapace iyathopha. Umehluko omkhulu umsila, omude kubafana, ufinyelela kuma-20 cm.
Ukuxutshwa kwabesilisa nabesifazane kwenzeka emanzini. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Okthoba, izinsikazi nabesilisa kudonsela ukunakekela ngokukhipha imisindo ehlukahlukene efana nokucula. Abesilisa abaningana balwela insikazi, abantu abaningana nabo bangamfaka umquba. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu akwanele kokukodwa, kepha imichilo eminingi. Ukuhlanza kuhlala amahora amaningi.
Le ntokazi iqhubeka nohambo olude, inqoba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ukufika emabhishi aphephile - izidleke zaso, kanye kuphela eminyakeni engama-3-4. Lapho, selikhuphukele ogwini ebusuku, ufudu lumba umgodi esihlabathini endaweni eseceleni.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Kulesi sidleke, endaweni efudumele kahle, ibekela amaqanda angaba yi-100, bese ilala esihlabathini bese ikala umhlabathi ukuze inzalo ingabi yisisulu sezilokotho, iqaphe izibankwa, izinduku nezinyoni.
Ngesizini eyodwa nje, ufudu omdala uyakwazi ukwenza imichilo engu-7, ngalinye kuzoba namaqanda angama-50 kuye kwangama-100. Iningi lezidleke lizodilizwa, hhayi zonke izingane ezimiselwe ukubona ukukhanya.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2 nezinsuku ezimbalwa (ukufukamela amaqanda amahobhe - kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-60 kuye kwezingama-75), izimfudu ezincane ezinamahlwili zizokonakalisa igobolondo leqanda lesikhumba futhi lifinyelele phezulu. Bazodinga ukumboza ibanga elingafika ku-1 km, ukuhlukanisa nokugcina amanzi olwandle. Kusezindaweni ezidlekayo lapho izinyoni zihlalisa khona inyamazane ezinganeni ezisanda kubhajwa, ngakho-ke kukhona izingozi eziningi ezilinde izimfudu.
Njengoba sezifinyelele emanzini, izingane azihambi nje zibhukuda zodwa, kodwa futhi zisebenzisa iziqhingi zezitshalo zasemanzini, zibambelela kuzo noma zigibela phezulu kakhulu, ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga. Ngobungozi obuncane, ufudu lugxila futhi lubambe futhi ngokushesha lujule. Abasakhulayo bazimele kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa futhi abadingi ukunakekelwa kwabazali.
Izitha zemvelo
Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10 ubudala, amafudu asengozini yonke indawo. Bangaba inyamazane yezinhlanzi ezidla inyama, amaqhugwane, bawele emazinyweni oshaka, amahlengethwa, kanye nama-crustaceans amakhulu bayozijabulela. Kepha izimfudu ezindala azinazo izitha ngokwemvelo, zingoshaka emazinyweni kuphela, igobolondo lakhe linzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane, laba bantu abahlala olwandle abakaze babe nezitha ezikwazi ukubhubhisa abantu abadala.
Ukuba khona kwalesi zinhlobo kubeke engcupheni abantu.. Hhayi inyama kuphela, kepha namaqanda abhekwa njengodlame, kanti igobolondo eliqinile liba yinto enhle kakhulu yesikhumbuzo, yingakho baqala ukushabalalisa izimfudu zolwandle oluhlaza ngamanani amakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka elidlule, ososayensi bakhala ngokuzwakalayo, beqaphela ukuthi izimfudu eziluhlaza zisondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni.
Inani lomuntu
Isobho lesifudumezi esimnandi, amaqanda emfudlana amnandi futhi anempilo, inyama enosawoti, eyomile futhi enelisiwe isetshenziswa ezindaweni zokudlela ezinhle kakhulu njenge-Delicacy. Eminyakeni yeminyaka yekoloni kanye nokutholwa kwamazwe amasha sibonga izimfudu zasolwandle, amakhulu amatilosi akwazi ukusinda. Kepha abantu abazi ukuthi kufanele babongwe kanjani, ukubhujiswa okuyizisulu okwase kungamakhulu eminyaka namuhla kuphoqelele isintu ukuba sikhulume ngokusindisa izimfudu eziluhlaza. Zombili lezi zinhlangano ezingaphansi kwazo zibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu futhi zivikelwe.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Izinkulungwane zabantu zigibela emabhishi ezindaweni lapho ufudu lubekela amaqanda amakhulu eminyaka. Manje esiqhingini saseMidway, ngokwesibonelo, abesifazane besifazane abangamashumi amane kuphela abakha izindawo zokugcina izingane. Kwamanye amabhishi, isimo asisiba ngcono. Kungakho, kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, umsebenzi usuqalile ukubuyisa inani labantu abangamafudu aluhlaza cishe kuwo wonke amazwe lapho kuhlala khona lezi zilwane.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ama-turtles abhalwe ku-Red Book, kwenqatshelwe ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi ezindaweni ezidlekayo, azingele futhi athole amaqanda.
Izivakashi ngeke zikwazi ukusondela kuzo ezindaweni eziseduzane ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100.Amaqanda abekiwe afakwa kuma-incubator, kanti amahobhe abanjiwe akhishwa emanzini aphephile kuphela lapho eqina. Namuhla, inani lamafudu aluhlaza libonisa ukuthi izinhlobo ngeke zanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngefudu eliluhlaza
• Tortoise Habitat - izifunda ezishisayo nezishubile zolwandle
• Izimfudu eziluhlaza kuze kube namuhla kusetshenziswa ekudleni, futhi abaningi baphikisana ukuthi izidalwa ezinenyama enamakhowe zinenyama emnandi kakhulu
• Njengamanje ukuzingela izimfudu eziluhlaza emazweni amaningi izwe livinjelwe, ngoba inani lezilwane lehle kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, bawela Incwadi Ebomvu
• Kunezimpelesi kuleso naleso naleso fudu, futhi amafliphu avumela ukubhukuda olwandle nokuhamba emhlabathini
•Izimfudu eziluhlaza - izidalwa ezikhohlisayo nezingalwi, ezithi ngenxa yalesi sizathu zitholakala buthule ngasogwini
• Lapho ufudu selukhulile, lusondele ogwini
• Isikhathi sokuphila sefudu eliluhlaza uneminyaka engama-70-80 ubudala
• Abesilisa bahlukile kwabesifazane abanomsila omude wama-20 cm
Habitat
Ku-Atlantic Ocean, ufudu oluhlaza lungatholakala kusuka ogwini olusenyakatho ye-United States luya ogwini lwase-Argentina ngo-38 ° S. sh., kusuka ezifundeni ezisogwini zeGreat Britain, iBelgium neNetherlands kuya emanzini aseNingizimu Afrika. Ngokusobala, ama-Gulf Stream Jets afaka izimfudu zibheke eNyakatho Yurophu. E-Indian and Pacific Oceans, kuhlala ama-subspecies akhethekile (uChelonia mydas japonisa), angena enyakatho eJapan naseSouthern California, naseningizimu afike ku-43 ° S. w. (Isiqhingi saseChiloe esisogwini lwaseChile). Yize izimfudu eziluhlaza zingatholakala olwandle oluvulekile, kude nanoma yimuphi umhlaba, kepha indawo yazo engapheli ingamanzi osogwini. Amajuba akhangwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho phansi okungalingani khona ngamatshe okuphuma ngamatshe nemigede, lapho ekhuphuka khona ukuze ayophumula.
Ezikhathini ezijwayelekile, ufudu oluhlaza (i-Chelonia mydas) ne-loghead (i-Caretta caretta) isebenza kakhulu phakathi nosuku. Ku-turtle eluhlaza, ngaphezu komsebenzi wasemini, umsebenzi owengeziwe waphawulwa ebusuku (uJessop, uLimpus & Whittier 2002). Ama-turches asanda kuhlotshwa kamuva ngesikhathi sokufuduka nawo ayesebenza kakhulu ebusuku kunama-besses (Eretmochelys imbricata) (Chung et al. 2009).
Zilala ngaphandle noma ezansi emigodini yezihlahla namatshe. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, amafudu amadala angaba ngaphansi kwamanzi amahora amaningi. Amacuba amancane alala ngaphezulu ngoba namanje angikwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Amawundlu ngesikhathi sokulala abonakala nge-pose enamaphini angaphambili asongwe ngemuva kwabo. Ekudingisweni, kwaphawuleka ukuthi omfudu bathanda ukufihla ikhanda labo ngesikhathi sokulala ngamapayipi abekwe phansi noma kwenye indawo yokukhosela. Ngokusobala, le ndlela yokuziphatha ihambisana nesidingo sokuvikela ikhanda (izimfudu zolwandle azikwazi ukubuyisa ikhanda nentamo) futhi ziqhamuka nomkhuba wokulala emihumeni engaphansi kwamanzi noma emifantwini esezihlahleni.
Ekujuleni kwe-4-6 m, "amadlelo" acebile anamahlumela aminyene we-zoster ne-thalassia (ibizwa ngokuthi "utshani bhuqa") elula. Lezi zitshalo zasemanzini zakha ukudla okuyinhloko kwamafudu, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-algae futhi ngezikhathi ezithile i-jellyfish, ama-mollusks, ama-arthropods.
Green Turtle Ukuzalela
Mating abesilisa nabesifazane emanzini. Le nqubo ibathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora elilodwa, kuthi ngemuva kokuthi insikazi iqhubeke nohambo. 
Ufika emabhishi aphephe kakhulu, anqobe amakhilomitha amakhulu, futhi konke ngenxa yezingane ezizayo. Ebusuku, insikazi iya ngasosebeni, igaya umgodi omncane osebeni, lapho izobekela khona amaqanda. Inani labo liyahlukahluka, kepha imvamisa lifinyelela ku-100. Kuyiqiniso, abaningi bmba izitha, kanti abanye bazokufa besendleleni eya olwandle. Kepha ngesizini, insikazi yenza cishe iziqu eziyisikhombisa ezinjalo, lapho amaqanda okungenani angama-50. Izingane ziqala ukubona ukukhanya ezinyangeni ezi-2-2,5. Banendlela enzima, bazoyilwela ngokoqobo impilo yabo.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe
Ufudu oluhlaza lwathola igama lalo ngombala wamafutha aqoqana emzimbeni wakhe.
Lapho ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVI. UColumbus wawela uLwandle lweCaribbean, imihlambi emikhulu yezinduduzo eluhlaza yavimba indlela yemikhumbi eziQhingini zaseCayman. Emangele ngobuningi balezi zilwane, uColumbus waqamba iziqhingi zaseLas Tortugas (i-las tortugas - izimfudu) azithola kuye. Leli gama aligcinanga kulezi ziqhingi, futhi nezinkomo zamfudu, ezingabhujiswa ngokudoba isikhathi eside, zazigcinwa. Lapho kwakukade kunzima ukuhola khona umkhumbi ngenqwaba yamagobolondo aqhubekayo, manje akulula ukuthola ngisho nefudu elilodwa.
Izimfudu eziluhlaza zibanjwa ngamxenye ngamanetha, kepha ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi lapho zona (izinsikazi) ziya ogwini ukuze zenze umgwaqo. Ama-turtles abanjiwe afakwa emhlane futhi ashiywe esikhundleni lapho izimpungushe zingakwazi ukuphuma kuzo. Ezindaweni (eduzane nogu lwase-East e-Afrika, eTorres Strait, eduze neCuba) lezi zifudu nazo zibanjwa kusetshenziswa izintambo ezinamathiselwe ezintanjeni (i-Echeneis), inhlanzi inamathiselwe nenkomishi yokudonsa esivikelweni sikashubhu futhi idonswa nayo. Abomdabu baseziqhingini zoLwandlekazi lwePacific bababamba belele noma ezindaweni ezincane, bezama ukubamba lesi silwane futhi babambe namapheshana aso angaphambili, ozakwabo ababhukuda basikhipha ngesisulu besebenzisa intambo eboshwe eduze nomzimba womzingeli. Amaqanda amahobhe ahlangana futhi ngobuningi. Inyama inambitheka kakhulu; izimfudu eziluhlaza bukhoma zilethwa eYurophu ikakhulukazi zivela eWestindia.
Imifino ithanda ukuklabha ama-carpaks emadwaleni nakwezinye izinto eziqinile. Mhlawumbe yingakho i-carapace yabo ingenayo imvelo kuma-crustaceans-enamathela ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezinayo.
25.11.2019
Isobho ufudu, noma ufudu lwasolwandle oluhlaza (ul. Chelonia mydas) laba negama engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-18, lapho isobho lefudu elenziwe ngenyama yalo laqhosha ngendawo ekudleni kwaseBrithani. Inombala omnyama we-amber, iphunga elimnandi nokunambitheka okukhethekile okubabayo. Ngokuya iresiphi, i-curry, ukhilimu ophehliwe, i-sterlet, i-brandy, i-cognac noma i-madeira zazivame ukungezwa kuyo.
Ukuthandwa kwawo kwakuphezulu kangangokuba kwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwesibalo sabantu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Kusukela ngo-1988, izimfudu zesobho bezilokhu zivikelwe umhlaba wonke ngeWashington Convention, ngakho-ke ngokomthetho akusekho ithuba lokujabulela isobho selufudu.
Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, umkhiqizi wayo omkhulu kunayo yonke wayeyinkampani yaseJalimane i-Eugen Lacroix, eyayisebenza kuze kufike kumathani angama-250 turuba njalo ngonyaka emva kwempi. Iqembu lokugcina lokudla ubhedu lakhululwa ngo-1984. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-12, inkampani yabe isivele ikhona.
ENgilandi, isobho le-turtle ngokwesiko lalihanjiswa ezitsheni ezincane zodaka ezihlotshwe ngofudu. Manje sebeyindlalifa yomndeni emindenini eminingi; kuthengiswa ngezikhathi ezithile ezimakethe zasendulo.
I-International Union for Conservation of Natural ibone ufudu oluhlaza olwandle njengohlobo olusengozini yokuphela.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Indawo yokuhlala ihlanganisa wonke amanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni engezansi yolwandle. Ifinyelela kuma-30 ° enyakatho naseningizimu ye-latitude. Inani labantu abahlala oLwandlekazi i-Atlantic luhlukaniswe neningi labantu base-Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Kunezindawo ezingaphansi ezi-4. Ukuxhumana okuqokiwe kujwayelekile e-Atlantic kusuka kuma-Azores kuye eningizimu ye-Afrika. I-subspecies Chrlonia mydas agassizi, ehlala e-Oceania, ibhekwa abanye osomatekisi njengezinhlobo ezihlukile.
Izimfudu eziluhlaza zitholakala bobabili olwandle olude nasogwini. Izinsikazi zokuzalela amaqanda zihamba ziye emabhishi afanayo lapho zazizalelwa khona. Zalela amaqanda emazweni angama-80 futhi zibhukuda emanzini ezwekazi le-140.
Phakathi nonyaka, ezihuquzelayo zithutha isikhathi eside, zibhukuda amabanga afinyelela kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezine. Alandela imizila lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingafiki lihle ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C. Lezi zifudu zibonwa ngezikhathi ezithile ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Isamba esiphelele ngokusho kwesibikezelo esinethemba kakhulu silinganiselwa kubantu abayizigidi ezi-2.
I-Green sea (isobho) ufudu uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke lomndeni wamafudu olwandle. Kutholakala kulo lonke ulwandle olushisayo nolwandlekazi. Kwaphekwa isobho elidumile lesifudumezi. Namuhla, lolu hlobo lubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu. Bika, umyalezo, isithombe
Umndeni - Izimfudu zolwandle
Uhlobo / Izinhlobo - I-Chelonia mydas. Green Sea (Isobho) Turtle
IMisa kuze kufike ku-400 kg.
Ukuthomba: kusuka eminyakeni eyi-10.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana: kusukela ngo-Okthoba.
Isikhathi sokubeka iqanda: imvamisa kuthatha amasonto angama-7-10.
Inani lamaqanda: cishe eziyikhulu kwibhodwe ngalinye, emavikini ambalwa insikazi yenza imfuhlumfuhlu eminingi.
Ukufakwa Izinyanga ezingama-2-3.
Imisebenzi: izimfudu (bheka isithombe) ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela, hlala uwedwa.
Ukudla: izimfudu ezincane zidla ama cr craceans nezinhlanzi, kanti izimfudu ezindala zidla ukudla kwezitshalo.
Iskhathi sempilo: Iminyaka engama-40-50 ubudala.
Izinhlobo ezi-6 zingamalungu omndeni wezimfudu zasolwandle.
Abantu sekuyisikhathi eside bezingela izimfudu zasolwandle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yenyama emnandi, amaqanda namagobolondo, ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza ubucwebe. Ama-turtle aluhlaza agcinwa eduzane nogu, aya olwandle oluvulekile ngokuqala kwenkathi yokuzalela futhi ahambele eziqhingini ezincane ezisogwadule.
Ukusikisela
Ama-turing mating avela emanzini angajulile ogwini olunesihlabathi seziqhingi eziyigugu. Ebusuku, izinsikazi ziya ngasogwini ukuze zibekele amaqanda. Lapha ahamba ngobunzima obukhulu, acindezela umzimba phambili ngosizo lwemilenze yawo yangaphambili. Ngemuva kokuphuma kulayini we-surf, insikazi iqala ukukhipha isihlabathi ifuna indawo yokubeka amaqanda. Ubumba isidleke kuphela ngemilenze yakhe yangasemva. I-clutch ngayinye ngokwesilinganiso iqukethe amaqanda acishe abe yi-100-110. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, insikazi yenza imfuhlana engu 2-5. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu, izimfudu ziqanduselwa emaqanda. Lapho sebephumile esidlekeni, bona, ngaphansi kwethonya lemvelo, baya olwandle.
LAPHO
Ama-turtles aluhlaza akhetha ulwandle olufudumele, lapho ukudla kwawo okuyinhloko kukhula khona - kwasolwandle, ikakhulukazi i-thalassia ne-zoster. Olwandle oluvulekile, izimfudu zihamba kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalela, ziya ezindaweni lapho kubekwa khona amaqanda. Isikhathi sokuphumula bahlala ezindaweni ezisogwini. Ama-turtles aluhlaza abhukuda kahle futhi ngokungafanele, asika amanzi ngamaphiko awo anamandla. Ukuhamba kwamafudu kufana nokundiza kwezinyoni ezinkulu zezinyamazane. Izimfudu eziluhlaza zilula ukubamba amanzi. Ngaphandle kokuntywila, bangachitha ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaba ngamahora amahlanu.
YINI UKUDLA
Ama-turtle aluhlaza amadala adla ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo.igcinwa emanzini asogwini, lapho amadlelo acebile amahlathi ebusika, abizwa nangokuthi yi-turtle grass, ne-thalassia elula ekujuleni kwamamitha amane kuya kwayisithupha. Lezi zitshalo zasemanzini, kanye nama-algae ahlukahlukene, zingukudla okuyinhloko kwezifudu zasolwandle oluhlaza.
Lapho sezisezintweni zezitshalo zazo ezizithandayo, izimfudu zolwandle oluhlaza azidli nje ngokwanele, kodwa futhi zigcina izindawo ezigcinayo: ziqhuma iziqu, ziqhekeze zibe izigaxa ezinkulu bese uzifaka ngebumba. Amanzi amade aletha la “amabhola” ogwini lapho kudliwa khona amafudu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziQhingini zaseGalapagos nakwezinye izindawo, amafudu aluhlaza avakashela izihlahla zemangange futhi aqhekeze amaqabunga ezihlahla zemangange ezilengiswe ngaphezulu kwamanzi. izitshalo ezinomlomo omkhulu onamandla.Ifudu eziluhlaza ezidla phakathi kwe-algae zidla izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans kanye ne-jellyfish.Imfudu ezincane zibamba i-shrimp kanye nama-crustaceans amancane.
IZIMBALI
Minyaka yonke, imihlambi emikhulu yezimpofana eziluhlaza yenza ukufuduka kwebanga elide, ihambela izindawo ezibeka amaqanda emuva. Ama-turtles abhukuda eya kuleza ogwini lapho ayezalwe khona uqobo. Ngokumaka izimfudu, bekungenzeka ukuthi kufakazelwe ukuthi bangawela ngqo amabanga olwandle, bazihambise ngokuphelele emanzini olwandle. Isibonelo, izimfudu eziluhlaza, ezihlala ogwini lwaseBrazil, zibhukuda cishe amakhilomitha angama-2000 ukuze zifike emabhishi anesihlabathi sase-Ascension Island maphakathi nolwandlekazi i-Atlantic. I-Ascension Island ingamakhilomitha ayi-17 kuphela ububanzi. Ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi izimfudu zithola indlela yazo, ziqondiswa iphunga elithwala imisinga yolwandle, nelanga. Ama-turtle aluhlaza enza uhambo olunjalo lokuphepha kwamaqanda.
Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO. UKWAZI
- Ezinye izindawo ezibeka amaqanda zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamafudu aluhlaza (ogwini lwe-Ascension Island) kangangokuba zonke izimfudu ezifuna ukubeka amaqanda azikwazi ukulingana lapho.
- Iphansi lamafudu lincike ekushiseni komoya. Amazinga okushisa angama-30 ° C, ama-50% abesifazane kanye nabesilisa abaningi bakhula emaqanda. Uma izinga lokushisa ligcinwa cishe ngu-28 ° C, kuqhamuka abesilisa kuphela, futhi emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-32 ° C - abesifazane kuphela.
- Ezifeni ezilikhulu, ingane eyodwa noma ezimbili ziyasinda ziye kufinyelela unyaka.
IZIPHUMA ZESIFUNDO SESI-GREEN TURTLE
Igobolondo eliphansi eliyindilinga, limbozwe ngezihlangu ezinkulu ze-horny, ezingasemaphethelweni ezingakaze zidlule. Umbala wesivikelo se-dorsal onsundu onsundu ngamabala amnyama nemigqa enza iphethini lemabula. Kungenxa yombala oluhlaza okotshani ukuthi lolu ufudu lwasolwandle lubizwa ngokuthi luhlaza.
Amanzi kasawoti amaningi asuswa emzimbeni wefudu eliluhlaza ngokusebenzisa indlala, etholakala eduze kwamehlo.
Imilenze yangaphambili yinde kunezinyawo ezingemuva. Baphenduka izingulule. Leli ithuluzi elihle lokubhukuda. Igobolondo lezimbaza zasolwandle lincane kakhulu kunalezo zomhlaba. Ikhanda lofudu oluhlaza lungabuyiselwa ngxenye ngaphansi kwe-carapace, imilenze ayikwazi ukubuyiselwa.
- Indawo yokuhlala kwefudu eliluhlaza
Ama-turtle aluhlaza atholakala kuzo zonke izilwandle ezishisayo nezishubisayo. Zibekela amaqanda eziqhingini zaseCaribbean, e-Ascension Island, ogwini lweCosta Rica naseCeylon.
UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA. RED BHUKU
Ngaphandle kokuvinjwa, izimfudu eziluhlaza ziyalungiswa kanti ukwenziwa kwazo kuyacekelwa phansi. Namuhla, izindawo eziningi lapho ufudu lubeka khona amaqanda azo zichithwe.
Ufudu oluhlaza olwandle (i-Chelonia mydas). Ividiyo (00:01:11)
Isudu yasolwandle eyathuthela eVoronezh Oceanarium isuka eMoses Zoo.
Igobolondo lomuntu omdala livame ukuba ngama-80-100 cm ubude, futhi ikakhulu emafutheni amakhulu afinyelela ku-153 cm. Isisindo samafudu amakhulu sifinyelela ku-200, futhi ezimweni ezingandile ngisho nama-400 kg. Idla kuma-algae, ngezikhathi ezithile i-jellyfish, ama-mollusks, ama-arthropods. Ihlala amaqanda angama-70-200 ama-spherical.
Oluhlaza (isobho) ufudu. Ividiyo (00:01:04)
Uhlaza oluhlaza, noma isobho, ufudu (i-Chelonia mydas) ungowomndeni wezimfudu zasolwandle (i-Cheloniidae). Ubude obujwayelekile begobolondo buba yimitha eli-1, isisindo esingu-100-200 kg. Igcinwa ezindaweni ezigudla ugu, emanzini angajulile anamachibi otshani olwandle. Ngokungafani namanye amalungu omndeni nofudu wesikhumba, icishe ibe nge-herbivorous kuphela. Inenyama emnandi kakhulu futhi, kuze kube muva nje, ibiyilitshe elibalulekile. Kuvikelwe, kubhalwe ku-Red Book span>
Amaqiniso TOP - TURTLES. Ividiyo (00:05:26)
Kuyathakazelisa ngamafudu
AmaFudu aphila emhlabeni iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-220.
Manje emhlabeni wethu kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-230 zamafudu. Ngokuthabisako, lezi ezihuquzelayo zitholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.
Isifudu esikhulu kunazo zonke zasendulo yi-Archelon. Lesi sidalwa, esasihlala esikhathini seCretaceous, sakhula safinyelela kumamitha ayi-5 futhi sasinda cishe amathani ama-2.
Ufudu omkhulu wanamuhla unesikhumba. Ihlala kuzo zonke izilwandlekazi nezilwandle, ngaphandle kokubanda kakhulu. Isifudu esikhulu kunazo zonke esibuyela emuva kwesikhumba, sabanjwa yindoda, sinesisindo esingu-916 kg futhi sinezilinganiso ezibalelwa kumamitha amathathu.
I-scoop yomhlaba enkulu kunazo zonke yindlovu yaseGalapagos. Abamele lolu hlobo bafika ku-1.8 m ubude futhi banesisindo esingaphezu kwama-400 kg.
Isinambuzane esincane kunazo zonke eMhlabeni siyabiyelwa. Ubude bomzimba wakhe buyi-8-10 cm.
Lezi ezihuquzelayo zineholide lazo - I-World Turtle Day. Kugujwa ngoMeyi 23.
Ama-turtles abhekwa njengezidalwa ezihamba kancane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokwengxenye: amafudu asikhumba solwandle ayakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-35 km / h entweni yawo yendabuko. Ama-turtle Leatherback futhi ahlukene kakhulu, okwazi ukubhukuda ngokujula kwe-1,2 km.
Ama-turtles angaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-150. Umgcini werekhodi ufudu ogama lakhe linguJonathan ohlala eSt. Helena. Manje uneminyaka engu-182 ubudala. Ngendlela, iminyaka ecishe ilinganiswe yofudu inganqunywa izindandatho zaminyaka yonke ezivikelweni zalo zegobolondo.
Phakathi kwamafudu, kunezinhlobo eziyingozi kubantu. Isifufula se-cayman sesilisa ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuzalelana singaminza umuntu ongahlanekezeli, amenze iphutha ngowesifazane.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfudu zaseCayman ziyakwazi ukuluma ngokungathi sína umuntu obahlasele. Olunye uhlobo “lokuluma” olunye uhlobo lwamakhisi luyinki: vele, ngeke zilume kuze kufe umuntu, kepha zingabamba umunwe kalula. Iqiniso elithokozisayo lixhumekile nefudu le-vallen: lenza cishe wonke umzamo wokuthola ukudla kwalo. Isifufula esinjalo sizimboza ngesilika futhi silale ngokuzithoba ezansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi, sivula umlomo futhi sikhiphe nolimi lwaso olude. Izinhlanzi zithatha ulimi lwefudu le-vurb for isibungu - bese zizithola zitholakala ngqo emlonyeni wesinyamazane.
Ama-turtles aqine ngendlela eyisimanga. Abanye abameleli baleli qembu lezilwane ezihuquzelayo abakwazi ukudla lutho iminyaka engu-5 futhi baphume ngaphandle komoya cishe amahora ayi-10. Kuyamangaza ukuthi bayakwazi ukuhlala nokulimala okubi kakhulu. Isibonelo, isazi sezilwane saseNtaliyane uF. Redi senza ukuhlola okukhohlisayo ngekhulu le-17: waqopha ubuchopho kusuka ku-turtle. Isilwane esingesihle saphila ezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamfudu ziqine kakhulu. Isibonelo, ufudu lwasolwandle oluhlaza luyakwazi "ukuthatha" abantu abangu-5. Mhlawumbe bekungaba ngaphezulu, kepha akusekho kufanela igobolondo!
Iqiniso elihehayo: ngekhulu le-19, emindenini yezimboni ezicebile, izindlalifa zazifundiswa ukugibela izimfudu. Ngakho-ke, bafundiswa ukuphatha ngisho nabasebenzi abahamba kancane futhi abangamavila, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukubekezela.
Ofudu babona izwi lomuntu. Lapho ufudu luhlala nomnikazi isikhathi eside, luyaqonda lapho lukhuzwa, luze lucashe egobolondweni. Uma enconywa, uphulula intamo yakhe futhi alalele ngobumnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaba nezimo lapho izimfudu zolwandle zaya ogwini ziyolalela izingoma.
Ama-turtle olwandle oluhlaza akwazi ukuhamba emkhathini, athatha izinguquko ezincane kakhulu kunamandla kazibuthe omhlaba. Singasho ukuthi la mafudu azalwa ngekhampasi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi!
