Ama-squirrel ama-Grey alethwa e-United Kingdom ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 esuka eCanada kanye nehlathi elangenisiwe. Kuthathe iminyaka engaphansi kwekhulu ukuthi ingagcini ngokuzalela ezweni kuphela, kepha futhi nokugxila kakhulu kuma-squirrel endawo, aziwa ngombala wawo obomvu.

Kwavela ukuthi kunokwehluka okuyisisekelo phakathi kwama-squirrel endawo nawangaphandle: i-squirrel ebomvu yaseYurophu incane, i-fluffier futhi ayinayo imikhuba emikhuba njenge-grey North American. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani lama-squirrel ama-grey e-UK manje selingabantu abayizigidi eziningana, kuyilapho inani lama-redheads lehle laya emashumini ambalwa kuphela (ngonyaka we-2008, kuphela ama-squirrel abomvu ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30 ezweni).

Iziphathimandla zaseBrithani bezilokhu zizama ukubhekana nama-squirrel ama-grey amashumishumi eminyaka. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2008 kuphela, kwesinye sezifunda enyakatho yeNgilandi, kwadutshulwa ama-squirrel angama-grey ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15. Baze baqala nokudla - kwezinye izindawo zokudla eNewcastle zazithosiwe kawoyela, njengezinhlanzi. Lapho-ke uhulumeni waseBrithani wabela amakhilogremu ayizinkulungwane ezingama-150 kube kanye kuphela ukuze axazulule inkinga yezikwele ngosizo lwezicupho noma ukudubula okukhethekile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kusize.

Ngokusho kwabezemvelo, ngaphezu kwengxenye yabafokazi abampunga batheleleke ngaleli gciwane okuthiwa yi-para-pox, elibulala amaprotheni abomvu. Ngisho nokuxhumana okwesikhashana nabathwali begciwane kuba yingozi kuma-squirrel abomvu - ngemuva kwamaviki amabili nje bafa. Abantu bayadingeka ukuthi bangenelele futhi basebenzise “izindlela zokulawula,” ophikisana nezemvelo uLindsay Mackinley egcizelela.

“Ngezindlela zokulawula sisho ukuthwebula noma ukudubula. Uma kubanjwa, ama-squirrel ama-grey kufanele aphathwe ngendlela enobuntu, kusho uMackinley. "Ngiyaqonda kahle ukuthi ngezenzo eziningi ezinjengalezi zingabonakala zingajwayelekile, kepha sinenkinga ebonakalayo: sidinga ukonga ama-squirrel red ukumisa" ukuhlaselwa "kwabampunga."

UMakinley uthemba ukuthi abantu bendawo bazolweseka uhlelo lokwakhiwa kabusha kwabantu, oluzodonsa ama-squirrel ama-grey bese lokhu kusindisa ama-redheads.

Yize kunjalo, amaBrithani awakakwazi ukuqeda abahlaseli. Ama-squirrel ama-Grey hhayi achuma kuphela, kodwa futhi, ngokusho kwesayensi, aphanga izakhamuzi zaseNgilandi ngezigidi zamaphawundi ngonyaka. Iqiniso ngukuthi cishe ingxenye yembewu abalimi bendawo nabalimi abondla ngayo izinyoni empeleni badla ama-squirrel grey. Bahlasela izidleke futhi badle amaqanda ezinyoni. Amacala abo aqoshwa kumakhamera wevidiyo, kubhala u-Guardian.

Bangaphezu kwama-40% amakhaya adla izinyoni zase-UK futhi bathenga ngokuphelele amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-150 ngonyaka. Njalo ngonyaka, amaBrithani asebenzisa amakhawundi ayizigidi ezingama-210 kulokhu. Kepha ucwaningo olusha olususelwa ekurekhodweni kwamavidiyo ngaphezulu kokuhambela kuka-33,000 emikhombeni yokudla lukhombisa ukuthi iningi lokudla liya kuma-squirrel ama-grey, hhayi izinyoni.

Ukuthola, abacwaningi bafaka amakhamera we-othomathikhi ezingadini zamadolobha ezingaphansi kweFunda. Ngakho-ke bathola ukuthi izinyoni azihambanga nje kuphela ngokusondeza abaphakeli lapho squirrel isebenza lapho, kodwa futhi besaba nokuthatha ukudla kusuka lapho noma sekuhambile. Sekukonke, amaprotheni ayephethe cishe isigamu sokuvakasha okurekhodiwe kuma-feeders. Badla ngaphezu kwengxenye yokudla okuhloselwe izinyoni.

Ososayensi bazamile ukufihla ukudla kumaseli akhethekile. Babelindele ukuthi amaprotheni awakwazi ukufinyelela okuphakelayo. Kepha, okokuqala, bakwazi. Futhi okwesibili, izinyoni ngokwazo azifuni ukungena emgodini ukuze zidle. Cishe bazizwa baphephe kakhudlwana lapho bengaphakathi kwe-feeder evinjelwe.

Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abahlose ukuyeka. Ukunqanda ama-squirrels emikhombeni yokudla, anikela ngokugcwalisa imbewu ethandwa yinyoni kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abezemvelo bahlose ukuvivinya ama-feeder afakelwe umshini wasentwasahlobo. Bazogquma futhi bafihle ukudla lapho isilwane esindayo singena kuma-feeders.

"Imiphumela yocwaningo lwethu isisize ukuthi siqonde kangcono ukulimala okukhulu kwezomnotho nakwezemvelo okubangelwa ama-squirrel ama-grey angewona abomdabu," kusho uRobert Middleditch, okhulumela iSongbird Survival. "Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi ngokuxazulula le nkinga, kamuva sizoqiniseka ukuthi ukudla kuya ezinyoni zethu zasengadini." Kodwa kuzosisiza ukonga imali [ekondleni] kule nqubo. ”

Abamelene nokudutshulwa kwama-squirrel ama-grey e-UK babengabamele iRoyal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animal.

"Ukubulala inhlobo eyodwa ngenxa yomunye kuyindaba engathandeki yokuziphatha," kuchaze okhulumela umphakathi uRob Atkinson. - Kuze kube ngama-70s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, sasingathola ilayisense lokudubula squirrel obomvu - base bebhekwa njengendlala, njengoba manje ingwevu. Lapho umuntu ephula indawo yokuhlala isilwane, amholele emaphethelweni wokuqothuka, bese uzama ukumsindisa, echitha omunye - akuyona imvelo nokuziphatha okubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kubuyelwe kabusha emvelweni, okusho ukuthi akukho phuzu ekwenzeni lokhu. ”

Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala

Kusatshalaliswe cishe kuyo yonke iNyakatho Melika - e-Alaska, eCanada, e-United States kuze kufike ezingwadule zase-Arizona naseNew Mexico eningizimu naseGeorgia eningizimu-mpumalanga. Ama-squirrels ahlala emahlathini ahlukahlukene ehlathi, kufaka phakathi amahlathi acwebile, aqinile futhi axubile. Zingabonakala nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba lapho kunokutshala kwezihlahla ezinkulu ezivuthiwe.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba wamaprotheni bungama-28- 35 cm, ubude bomsila buyi-9.5-15 cm. Umbala woboya uhluka kakhulu. Ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zobubanzi bazo, la maprotheni angaba nombala oguquguqukayo, futhi namaphrotheni aguqula uboya bawo ebusika nasehlobo. Uboya buvame ukuba nsundu noma ubomvu we-olive. Ehlobo, kukhona umucu omude omude ezinhlangothini ohlukanisa isisu nomhlane. Uboya esiswini bumhlophe noma ukhilimu. Umsila uvame ukuba nomngcele omhlophe. Amehlo amnyama acishe abe mnyama.

I-Ecology

Endle, ama-squirrel abomvu aphila iminyaka eyisikhombisa, kepha iningi liyafa ngaphambi kokuba liphile unyaka. Baphila impilo eyodwa neyansuku zonke, abakhuthele unyaka wonke. Iningi elisebenza ekuseni nase ntambama. I-lair yabo ifakwa emigodini yakudala ye-woodpecker, insimbi yezinkuni noma ezinye izikejana ezincane. Enyakatho yebanga, ama-squirrel abomvu avame ukuchitha ubusika ohlelweni lomhubhe olungaphansi komhlaba. Amaprotheni ajwayele ukufuduka uma ukulethwa kokudla endaweni etholakalayo kuncipha. Lapho befuduka, bavame ukuwela amadamu okugcina.

Kukuziphi izingxenye zeplanethi i-squirrel ebomvu ihlala kuzo?

Lesi silwane esincane asitholakali ndawo ngaphandle kwase-North America Northland. Lapho, abamele le nhlobo babegcwele cishe kuyo yonke insimu. Bahlala e-Alaska, maphakathi nezwekazi, eCanada ngisho naseningizimu yezwe.

I-squirrel ebomvu (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus).

Ukuze uhlale ngokunethezeka, ama-squirrel akhetha amahlathi. Iningi lawo athanda ukuhlala emahlathini acijile nalawa axubile, yize izihlahla eziqinile nazo zihambisana nawo. Imvamisa laba benzi bokubi batholakala eduze kwemingcele yedolobha, lapho bezama ukugcina ezindaweni ezihlanganisa nokutshala kwezihlahla zaphakade.

Ukuvela kwe-squirrel ebomvu nezimpawu ezihlukanisayo

Njengama-squirrels ajwayelekile kithi, izihlobo zabo ezibomvu zaphesheya zinobukhulu bomzimba obuphakathi: kusuka kuma-28 cm angama-35 cm. Lokhu akubambi ngomsila, okhula kulamagundane ubude kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayi-15.

I-squirrel ebomvu iyisakhamuzi saseNyakatho Melika.

Ngokuqondene nombala woboya, indawo ethize kanye nendawo yesimo sezulu yokuhlala kudlala indima ebalulekile lapha. Imvamisa, isikhumba sibomvu ngokubomvu noma sinombala onsundu ngombala. Ngenkathi yehlobo, umucu omnyama, ocishe ube mnyama, ohlanganiswe nomzimba uvela ezinhlangothini zesikwati esibomvu. Ingxenye yesisu soboya inezihlahla ezikhanyayo, imvamisa - imhlophe noma ukhilimu. Umsila u-fluffy onomngcele omhlophe. Ngobuhle obukhethekile, imvelo ehlotshiswe ngomngcele omhlophe kanye namehlo amnyama esilwane. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ithoni yonke "yengubo yoboya" nayo ivame ukuguquka ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka.

Indlela Yokuphila Ye-Lifespan ne-Red squirrel

Labamele labomndeni we-squirrel bakhetha ukuziphilela bodwa. Iningi elikhuthele ekuseni nase ntambama. Njengekhaya, izimbobo ezindala, ukufakwa kwezinkuni. Zingahlala izidleke zezinyoni, njengama-woodpeckers, ngokwesibonelo.

Izithandani ezimbalwa ezibomvu.

Kukhona ukufuduka okujwayelekile phakathi kwama-squirrel abomvu enziwe ukuze afune amasimu amasha wokuhlala nokudla.

Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sokuphila salezi zilwane, zingafinyelela eminyakeni engu-7, kuthi emva kwalokho ukuguga kuzibekele zona bese ziyafa. Kodwa-ke, ukubonwa kukhombisa ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila sama-squirrel abomvu ... unyaka owodwa kuphela! Futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangaphansi. Yini ethonya ukuncishiswa okunjalo komjikelezo wokuphila walezi zigundane ezincane?

Ama-squirrel abomvu akuvamile ukuba aphile unyaka.

Mhlawumbe izitha zemvelo, mhlawumbe ukuntuleka kokudla okuyikho, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi imbangela eyinhloko ngumuntu, ekuphokopheleni inzuzo, oqhubeka nokuchitha izindawo zezilwane eziningi, kufaka nama-squirrel abomvu!

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Ezentela

Ama-squirrel abomvu aseMelika akufanele adidaniswe nama-squirrel abomvu e-Euro ( ISciurus vulgaris ), njengoba amabanga alezi zinhlobo engadluli, womabili abizwa ngokuthi “ama-squirrels” kulezo zindawo avela kuzo. Izinhlobo epithet hudsonicus kubhekiswa eHudson Bay, eCanada, lapho le nhlobo yaqala ukubakwa u-Erxleben ngo-1771. Muva nje i-phylogeny isikisela amaprotheni, njengoba umndeni ungahlukaniswa ngemigqa emihlanu eyinhloko. Ama-squirrel abomvu ( I-Tamiasciurus ) liwele engcebweni efaka ama-squirrel ezindizayo namanye ama-squirrel ama-Woody (isb. ISciurus ) Kunama-subspecies angama-25 aqashelwayo wama-squirrel abomvu.

Uhla lwamaprotheni abomvu aseMelika

Ama-squirrel abomvu aseMelika asabalele kulo lonke izwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Ukungeniswa kwabo kufaka phakathi iningi laseCanada, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezisenyakatho, ngaphandle kokumbozwa kwamahlathi, eziqhingini ezisogwini lwe-Atlantic eCanada (Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton naseNewfoundland), engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Alberta nasogwini oluseningizimu nentshonalanga yeBritish Columbia, inxenye eseningizimu I-Alaska, iRockies indawo yase-United States, nengxenye esenyakatho ne-United States. Ama-squirrel abomvu aseMelika maningi futhi hhayi ukukhathazeka ngokulondolozwa iningi lawo uhla. Kodwa-ke, inani lama-squirrel abomvu ase-Arizona bathole ukwehla okukhulu kwenani labantu. Ngo-1987, le ngxenye yabantu yabonwa njengohlobo olusengozini yokuphela.

Ukondla

Ama-squirrel abomvu aseMelika ngokuyinhloko angama-granvores, kepha afaka okunye ukudla ekudleni kwawo okunamathuba. E-Yukon, ukubonwa okuningili kokuziphatha kukhombisa imbewu emhlophe ye-spruce ( Picea GLAUCA ) enza okungaphezulu kwama-50% kokudla kwama-squirrel abomvu, kepha amaprotheni nawo abonwa edla izigaxa ze-spruce nezinaliti, amakhowe, i-willow ( I-Salix sp.) AmaSpredishithi, i-popula ( I-Populus sp.) efihlekile namakati, amabhele I-Arctostaphylos sp.) izimbali namajikijolo, kanye nezinto zokwendabuko yezilwane, njengamaqanda ezinyoni noma ne-snowshoe hare (emincane). Izigaxa ezimhlophe ze-spruce zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi bese ziqoqa ama-squirrel abomvu ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba. Lezi zigaxa eziqoqiwe zigcinwa endaweni yokugcina yomaphakathi futhi zinikeza amandla nezakhi zokusinda ngesikhathi sasebusika nokukhiqizwa kwentwasahlobo elandelayo. Isikali esiwile kwizigaxa zembewu edliwayo singakwazi ukuqoqa izinqwaba, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-middens, ngaphezu kwemitha ngaphesheya. Imibukiso emhlophe idle imijikelezo yeminyaka emibili kuya kweziyisithupha, lapho unyaka wokukhiqizwa kwesigaxa esikhulu (unyaka wamafutha) ulandela iminyaka eminingana lapho kukhiqizwa khona izigaxa eziningana. Ama-squirrel abomvu endawo yaseMelika angaqukatha middens eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.

Ama-squirrel abomvu aseMelika adla izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhowe, kufaka phakathi ezinye ezibulalayo kubantu.

Ukuzala

Ama-squirrel abomvu aseMelika azitika ngokuzimela. Abesifazane bangena i-estrus ngosuku olulodwa kuphela, kepha ibhizinisi elinendawo yalo ngaphambi kokuqothulwa kweqanda, futhi lezi zidlo ezihlaselayo zingasebenza ukukhangisa i-estrus yazo ezayo. Ngosuku lwe-estrus, insikazi ilandela amadoda amaningana ekuphishekeleni isikhathi eside sokuphisana. Abesilisa bayancintisana ukuze bakwazi ukushada nomuntu wesifazane. Abesifazane bavuza abesilisa kusuka kwabesilisa kuya kwabangu-16. Kubikwa ukuthi kuzithathiwe ezinsukwini ezingama-31 kuye kwangama-35. Izinsikazi zingahle zizale okokuqala eminyakeni eyodwa, kepha ezinye izinsikazi ziyephuza ukuzala zize zibe yiminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu. Iningi labesifazane likhiqiza udoti owodwa ngonyaka, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, ukuzalwa kabusha kuyakweqiwa, kanti eminye iminyaka, ezinye izintokazi zizala kabili. Amasayizi wamalitha avame ukusukela komunye kuya kwezinhlanu, kepha amalitha amaningi aqukethe izingane ezintathu noma ezine. Imbewu iphuzi futhi inqunu ngokuzalwa futhi inesisindo esingama-g 10. Inzalo ikhula cishe ngo-1,8 g ngosuku ngesikhathi sokudla, futhi ifinyelela usayizi womzimba wabantu abadala ngezinsuku ezingama-125. Baqala ukuphuma izidleke zabo zomdalo cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-42, kodwa baqhubeke umhlengikazi kuze kube cishe izinsuku ezingama-70.

Izilokazana zivame ukwakhelwa ngotshani emagatsheni ezihlahla. Izinduna zibuye zikhishwe emishinini yabathakathi - ukukhula okuminyene okunezihlahla ngenxa yesifo sokugqwala - noma izimbotshana zeziqu ze-spruce, i-poplar kanye ne-walnut. Ama-squirrel abomvu aseMelika akuvamile ukuba athole isidleke ngaphansi komhlaba. I-squirrel ngayinye inezidleke eziningana ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo, futhi abesifazane abanezincane bayazihambisa phakathi kwezidleke. Okunye ukuziphatha kuye kwabikwa emizini yabantu kusetshenziswa ukuvalelwa kokuphakelayo.

Ucwaningo lweminyaka emithathu yenani lama-squirrel abomvu eningizimu-ntshonalanga Yukon libike ukuthi ama-squirrel abomvu abesifazane akhombisa amazinga aphezulu okuguga kwabesilisa abaningi futhi aze aqhathaniswa nabesilisa abanobudlelwano bezofuzo obufanayo. Ukuxhumana kwabazali akubanga nomthelela ezingeni lesisindo se-neonatal kanye nokukhula kwezingane zabo, futhi futhi akuzange kuthinte ukusinda kwenzalo yonyaka owodwa.

Ukusabalalisa nokusinda

Ama-squirrel abomvu aseMelika kumele athole indawo futhi aqokiwe ngaphambi kobusika bawo bokuqala ukuze aphile. Bangathola insimu ngokuncintisana ezindaweni ezingenamuntu, ngokwakha insimu entsha noma ngokuthola yonke noma ingxenye yensimu kubomama babo. Lokhu okungafuneki (ngama-15% ilitha) isimilo sabesifazane sibizwa ngokuthi yi-seleal dispersal noma i-testament, futhi kuyindlela yokutshalwa kwezimali kwabesifazane enzalweni. Ukwanda kwale ndlela yokuziphatha kuhlotshaniswa nenala yezinsizakusebenza zokudla kanye nobudala bomama. Kwezinye izimo, owesifazana uzokwamukela amanye ama-middens ngaphambi kokuzala, bese wona ancoma inzalo yawo. Izithombo ezingatholi Okumisiwe okuvela konina zivame ukuzinza kungamamitha ayi-3 (3) we-diameter yensimu yazo yendabuko. Ukuqashelwa kukhombisa ukuthi amaprotheni abomvu angamaduna anezinqubo zokuzungeza imvelo, ezinye izindlela eziholela ekwandeni kwezigameko zokubulawa kosana okukhethiwe ngocansi eminyakeni lapho ukudla kuningi.

Ama-squirrel abomvu aseMelika abhekana nokufa okuqala (ngokwesilinganiso, ngama-22% kuphela asinda aze afike unyaka owodwa). Amathuba okusinda, kepha, anda aze abe yiminyaka emithathu, lapho eqala ukuncipha futhi. Abesifazane abasinda benonyaka owodwa banesikhathi sokuphila iminyaka engu-2.3 nempilo ephezulu yenkonzo yeminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.

Izisulu ezinkulu zihlanganisa i-Canada lynx I-Lynx canadensis ), lynx ( I-Lynx rufus ), coyote ( I-Canis latrans ), isikhova esikhulu sokhozi ( Bubo virginianus ), goshawk ( I-Accipiter gentilis ), i-red hawk ( Buteo jamaicensis ), Iqhude laseMelika ( Corvus brachyrynchos ), Marten waseMelika ( Martes American ), impungushe ebomvu ( I-Vulpes vulpes ), impungushe empunga ( izimpungushe ezimpunga cinereoargenteus ), wolf ( I-Canis lupus ) kanye ne-Weasel ( UMatela sp.).

15.11.2018

I-squirrel ebomvu yaseMelika (lat. Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) ingeyomndeni we-squirrel (uSururidae). Lathola igama laso ngenxa yombala onsomi obomvu ngemuva nomsila. ECanada, le nduku sekuyisikhathi eside ibhekwa njengesilwane esibalulekile esidonsa ubhiya, futhi uboya bayo babusetshenziselwa ukwenza izingubo.

Manje ukudubula kwakhe kwenziwa kuphela ezifundeni eziningana zezwe. Cishe izilwane eziyizigidi ezintathu zidutshulwa minyaka yonke. Ukuchithwa kwabo kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngabalimi abababona njengezinambuzane ezinzima zezolimo.

Isilwane sangaphandle sifana namaprotheni ajwayelekile (iSururus vulgaris) esivamile e-Eurasia. Yachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka ka-1771 isazi semvelo saseJalimane uJohann Christian Erksleben ngesisekelo salokho okucatshangwe ukuthi kubanjwe endaweni esebeni lolwandle i-Hudson's Bay.

Ukuziphatha

Isilwane sihola impilo yansuku zonke. Cishe kuhlala kutholakala eziqongweni zezihlahla futhi angehli emhlabathini ngaphandle kwesidingo esiphuthumayo. I-rodent igijima ngokushesha ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi futhi ibhukuda kahle, ingabhukuda ukunqoba amachibi amancanyana.

Isebenza unyaka wonke futhi ayizifihli. Ngenkathi iqhwa kakhulu nemvula, uhlala endaweni yakhe yokuhlala, aneliseke ngaphambi kokuqalwa kwemithombo yokugcina imali ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi lenzeka ekuseni nasekuseni kusihlwa.

I-squirrel ebomvu ivame ukuhlala emigodini yezihlahla, imvamisa kakhulu ezindlini ezilahliwe ze-Woodpeckers (i-Picidae). Uhlala phansi futhi ushiya indawo yakubo kuphela ngokuntuleka kokudla. Ukutholakala komuntu oyedwa omdala kumboza indawo engaba ngamahektha amabili.

Ama-parasites ahlukahlukene avame ukuhlala ezinhlangeni zezilwane, ngakho-ke abanikazi bemisila e-fluffy baphoqelelwa ukuba bathathe izihlambi zamanzi zesihlabathi kaningana ngosuku. Ukususa izinambuzane ezicasulayo, zivame ukugibela obukhulu botshani. Sekukonke, banqotshwa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 zamakhaza namikhaza.

Ama-squirrel aseMelika akhuphuka kahle emagatsheni futhi agxume kalula kumamitha angama-3-4. Emizuzwini eyingozi, akhipha ukukhala okuxwayisa ngokuthi kukhunjulwe ama-tweets.

Izitha zabo zemvelo eziyinhloko ama-minks asempumalanga (Neovison vison), martens (Martes americana), Canadian lynxes (Lynx canadensis), goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), buzzards red-tailed (Buteo jamaicensis) kanye ne-Virginian ukhozi (i-Bubo virginiatus).

Umsoco

Abamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo lumnandi, kepha nikeza ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni. Bathanda kakhulu amajikijolo, izithelo, amakhowe, izigaxa, amantongomane, amahlumela amasha nembewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene.

Amagundane ama-brrisk ngobuqili abhubhisa izidleke zezinyoni, adle amaqanda futhi aqhekeke amachwane, aziqabule kabusha ngezidalwa ezincanyana, amagundane, ama-arthropods nezinambuzane. Badla izinhlobo eziningi zamakhowe, kufaka phakathi ezibulalayo kubantu.

Ukudla kuncike kakhulu esikhathini sonyaka.

Ekwindla, wonke ama-squirrel abomvu afaka ubusika. Njengamakamelo okugcina kuwo, kusetshenziswa imigodi engenalutho, kuqhekeka amagxolo ezihlahla ezinkulu nemisele ebumba kufika 1 m ukujula. Ezinye zazo zigcwele njalo ngemikhiqizo iminyaka eminingi.

Ukuzala

Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-9 kuya ku-12 izinyanga ubudala. Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi, ngokuya ngezimo zesimo sezulu, siqala ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Enyakatho yebanga, ama-squirrels ayeka ukuzala ngoJuni. ENingizimu, bayakwazi ukuletha inzalo kabili ngesizini eyodwa.

Isiko lomshado liqukethe ukulandela lowesilisa ngowesilisa. Kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufinyelele izicelo eziyishumi nambili ezigijimisa ubuhle obubodwa ngasikhathi.

Lo mbhangqwana owakhiwe uhlala isikhathi esifushane ndawonye. Ngemuva kokuphola, abalingani balahlekelwa yintshisekelo komunye nomunye nengxenye.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-37- 40. Ngaphambi kokuba ibelethe, insikazi yakhela isidleke emgodini noma ngaphansi komhlaba, iyifaka ngotshani obomile noma ngesikhunta. Kukhona amazinyane angama-4-6 kwilitha. Ama-squirrels azalwe anqunu, awaboni, awaboni futhi anesisindo esingu-10-15 g. Ambozwe ngoboya ngasekupheleni kwesonto lesibili, kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga amehlo awo evulekile.

IBelchata ithola isisindo esifinyelela ku-2 g nsuku zonke.

Izingane ziqala ukushiya isidleke zinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala. Esontweni lesikhombisa leminyaka, baqala ukuzama ukudla okuqinile, bese kuthi ngemuva kwengxenye eyodwa yenyanga bayeke ngokuphelele ukuncelisa ubisi. Ama-squirrel abomvu aneminyaka engu-ubudala azimele ngokuphelele futhi ahambe ayofuna indawo yangakubo.

Spread in nature

Lolu hlobo lubanzi cishe kulo lonke izwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Ngokuvamile, ama-squirrel abomvu angatholakala eCanada, e-United States, kubandakanya naseningizimu ye-Alaska. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zingamahlathi ahlanganayo, anqumayo futhi axubile, imvamisa izilwane zihlala ezindaweni ezisehlathini ezinamahlathi. Inani lama-squirrel abomvu liphezulu impela.

Indlela yokuphila

Ama-squirrel abomvu ayizilwane eziguqukayo ezihola indlela yokuphila yodwa. Azizifihli futhi ziyasebenza unyaka wonke. Amaprotheni asebenza kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Izidleke zazo zivame ukuhlelwa emigodini engasasebenzi yamapulangwe, ezindaweni zokugcina izihlahla zemithi noma phakathi kwezikejana namagatsha, kufakwa izidleke ngotshani.

Ebusika, ama-squirrel ahlala enyakatho yeCanada avame ukucasha ezindaweni ezinde eziphansi komhlaba, abalekele ukubanda.

Ama-squirrel ama-Red American angabhukudi abalungile futhi, uma kunesidingo, angabhukuda kuyo yonke imizimba yamanzi.

Isikhathi sokuphila sama-squirrel abomvu angafinyelela eminyakeni engama-7-8. Kepha bambalwa kuphela abasindayo kulelonyaka (ngokusho kososayensi, ama-squirrels abomvu angama-22% kuphela aphila ngaphezulu konyaka owodwa ubudala), ngenkathi iningi lama-squirrels lifa lingakafiki unyaka owodwa.

Izilwane eziningi nezinyoni zidla ama-squirrel red. Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo yiCanada lynx, i-marten yaseMelika, impungushe empunga, impungushe ebomvu, impisi, umsizi, igoshawk, isikhova esikhulu esinezimpondo, i-hawk ebomvu, iqhude laseMelika nabanye.

Izici zamandla

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-squirrel ebomvu kuqukethe imbewu ye-spruce cones. Ehlobo nasekwindla, izilwane ziqoqa izigaxa ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala. Ngenxa yalokhu okugciniwe, amaprotheni athola inani elanele lezakhamzimba ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaprotheni ahlukanisa ukudla kwawo ngezithelo zemithi, izimbali, amajikijolo, amaqanda ezinyoni namakhowe. Badla izinhlobo eziningi zamakhowe, kufaka phakathi lezo ezinobuthi obulimazayo kubantu. Ama-squirrels atholakalayo ahlala afakwa emifantwini yezihlahla, noma anyakaziswe amahlumela, bese elinda kuze kube yilapho amakhowe esomile, bese ewadla.

Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zakhuluma ngezici zokuphila zama-squirrel abomvu aseNyakatho Melika.

Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi uma amaprotheni ethatha ifa elivela kowesilisa, azonikezwa ukudla isikhathi eside.

Ngokusho kososayensi abavela eNyuvesi yaseGelf, leli qwele elincane, elaba nenhlanhla eyenele ukuthatha indawo yomuntu wesilisa osekhulile, libukeka njengomuntu osemusha owathola ifa elikhulu.

Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi ama-squirrel wesilisa agcina ukudla okuningi ukwedlula izinsikazi, futhi uma squirrel osemusha eshiya isidleke futhi athole indawo yokubekisa eyayikade iyisigcawini sowesilisa, izokwandisa inani lamawundlu ngamaphesenti angama-50.

Ngokusho kukaprofesa wesayensi yokuhlanganisa u-Andrew Macadam, kuyafana nokuthola ingcebo ezindongeni zendlu. Umnikazi wangaphambili wale ndawo angathinta kakhulu ukuthi ucebe kangakanani, okungenani emhlabeni we-squirrel.

Namuhla, iqembu lososayensi abavela emazweni amaningi lisebenza ekuguqulweni kwama-squirrel abomvu. Baqapha ukusebenza nokukhiqizwa kwamakhulu amaprotheni amakiwe ngamunye.

Kulolu cwaningo, ochwepheshe balinganisa ukulethwa kokudla nemiphumela yokuzala kwabaqwayizi abasebasha abathathe izindlu zangempela ezazingezabesilisa noma abesifazane abanyamalalayo.

Ngokusho kososayensi, ama-squirrels aqoqa izigaxa ze-spruce ekwindla azigcine emhlabathini ebusika. Umcebo ungaqukatha ama-cone angaphezu kuka-20,000, futhi ungahlala ungadliwa iminyaka eminingana.

Ama-squirrel ajwayele ukuthatha izindawo zabanye ama-squirrels ngemuva kokuthi befe, futhi, baphinde bathathe insimu yelinye squirrel, nabo bazuza njengefa ukudla kwabo.

Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi uma squirrel ifa indawo yayo kusuka kowesilisa kunowesifazane, izoba nesilinganiso esingu-1300 esitokisini. Lokhu kudla okugcinwe kuzogcina squirrel iphila ezinye izinsuku eziyi-17.

Lolu cwaningo luphinde lwakhombisa ukuthi amaprotheni asezingeni eliphakeme lempilo, kusukela eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine, anamaqhubu amaningi kunama-squirrel amancane namadala.

Uma i-squirrel yesifazane inenhlanhla eyanele yokuthatha insimu yomunye umuntu futhi igcine, izoba nokudla okuningi, okuzoyivumela ukuba izale. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inzalo yakhe izosuka esidlekeni kusenesikhathi futhi ukusinda kwabo kuyanda. Ngamafuphi, lokhu kuzothuthukisa igalelo lofuzo lwale protein cishe esizukulwaneni esilandelayo.

Ngokusho kososayensi, lokhu okubonwayo kukhombisa ukuthi indlela yokuziphatha kweprotheni eyodwa kungawuthinta ngayo amagalelo ezakhi zofuzo enanini labantu abangakaze bahlangane futhi kukhulise kakhulu amathuba okusinda.