Kuzo zonke izisulu zasemhlabeni, ihlosi lingokwesibili kuphela kubhele ngosayizi. Kunezindlela ezinhlanu zesilo lesi eMhlabeni, futhi ezivame kakhulu - Bengal. Futhi ngobukhulu: irekhodi lingelesilwane esinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-388.7. Amahlosi aseBengal ahlala ePakistan, eMpumalanga Iran, eNdiya, eNepal, eBhutan, eMyanmar naseBangladesh.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani ihlosi laseBengal?
Umbala wehlosi uhlukahluka kusuka kokuphuzi kuya kokhanyisi olula we-orange, nemithende isuka kumnyama onsundu iye emnyama, isisu simhlophe. Ukuguqulwa kwezindawo ezingaphansi kweBengal - ihlosi elimhlophe, linemivimbo emnyama ansundu noma ibomvu ngombala obomvana. Okungaphansi kakhulu amahlosi amhlophe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwemivimbo.
Ubude bomzimba wonke, kufaka phakathi nomsila, phakathi kwabesilisa buvame ukusuka ku-270 kuya ku-340 cm, kanti izinsikazi zisuka ku-240 ziye ku-290 cm. Ukuphakama kwabuna kusuka ku-90 kuya ku-115 cm.
Isisindo esivamile sabesilisa cishe singama-250 kg. Isisindo serekhodi lowesilisa owabulawa enyakatho neNdiya ngonyaka we-1967 sasingu-388.7 kg. Isisindo esijwayelekile sowesifazane cishe singama-150 kg.
Ngokuvamile, ihlosi linamabhendi acishe abe yikhulu, futhi indawo akuyo yehlukile, njengoba kunjalo ngeminwe yeminwe. Isikhumba sekati futhi sinezintambo - uma uboya bezilimele noma bunyakazisiwe, buyokhula babuye ngokulandela iphethini ejwayelekile.
Abazingeli
Ihlosi laseBengal liyisidalwa esiqine impela ehlathini. Ukugquma kwalo, okuzwakala ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha amathathu, kwenza bonke abahlala ehlathini babaleke. Yize kunjalo, usebenzisa izinyamazane, izinyamazane, amantshontsho asendle, akazideleli izimbotshana futhi uletha ukwesaba izinkawu. Lo mnikazi wamasentimitha ayishumi - amade kunabo bonke phakathi kwe-feline - fangs kwesinye isikhathi ahlasela nezindlovu ezincane. Imizamo yokufihla ihlosi emfuleni ayiholeli empumelelweni. Abahlaseli bayakuthanda futhi bayakwazi ukubhukuda, ngakho-ke bahlangabezana kalula nezisulu zabo emanzini. Lapho zigcwele, ziyaphumula futhi zingadli isikhathi eside.
Lapho iphishekela inyamazane, ihlosi liyakwazi ukunqoba izikhala ezivulekile, lihoxe imifula futhi ligeleze emathangeni. Kunzima kakhulu ukumisa "imoto yokulwa" enjalo.
Amahlosi amancane angenalwazi kwesinye isikhathi ahlasela i-porcupine, lapho athola khona "njenge-Keepake" izinaliti eziningi ezibukhali, ezinde nezinamandla ezigwaze ubuso babo. Lezi zinaliti zingena shí esikhunjeni, zibangele nobuhlungu obukhulu njalo kwesinye isikhathi zibangela ukuvuvukala. Umhlaseli ogulayo akabe esakwazi ukuzingela inyamazane enkulu futhi uzama ukukhetha izisulu ezincane ... futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngokungabi nalutho, endlaleni, iba yisidwaba.
Kungeniswe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu
Namuhla cishe izingwe ezingama-2 500 zamaBengal zihlala emhlabeni. Lesi silo siwuphawu lukazwelonke lwezifundazwe ezimbili - iBanglandi neNdiya. Usohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu, kepha noma kunjalo uyaqhubeka nokuhlupheka ngabazingeli. Futhi-ke, emuva ngo-1972, iphrojekthi yeTiger yasungulwa eNdiya, inhloso yayo ukugcina lezi zilwane ezinamandla futhi ezinhle ezweni.
Kwezinye amapaki okuzijabulisa, izingwe eziphilayo zaseBengal zingajongwa. Lapha, okungenani, abazingeli abazisongeli.
Incazelo ye-Bengal Tiger
Isici esiyingqayizivele sehlosi laseBengal luhlobo olutholakalayo, izinzipho ezibukhali futhi zinde kakhulu, kanye nomsila ophuma kahle kanye nemihlathi emangalisa kakhulu. Phakathi kokunye, umdlwenguli unezindlebe nombono osakhula kahle, ngakho-ke lezi zilwane zibona kahle ngisho nasebumnyameni obugcwele. Ubude bokuthi bagxume ihlosi elidala bungu 8-9 m, kanti ijubane lokuhamba amabanga amafushane lifinyelela ku-60 km / h. Amahlosi amadala ama-Bengal alala cishe amahora ayishumi nesikhombisa ngosuku.
Ukubukeka
Umbala wohlobo lwe-Bengal tiger fur luyehluka kusuka kokuphuzi okuphuzi kwe-orange kuya kokukhanya, futhi imivimbo esikhunjeni onsundu omnyama, umbala we-chocolate omnyama noma omnyama. Isisu sesilwane simhlophe, nomsila nawo umhlophe ngokwebala, kodwa izindandatho ezimnyama ezinesici. Ngokuguqulwa kwezindawo ezingaphansi kwe-Bengal - ihlosi elimhlophe, ukuba khona kwemicu emnyama noma ebomvu ngombala ngemuva elimhlophe noma elikhanyayo kuyinto ebonakala ngokuthile. Akukaziwa neze ukuthi amahlosi amhlophe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokuba yimivimbo koboyeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Qopha isisindo kowesilisa owabulawa enyakatho neNdiya ngaphansi kweminyaka eyikhulu edlule wayengu-388.7 kg. Kuze kube manje, lawa amanani asemthethweni okubhaliswa okuphezulu kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo phakathi kwazo zonke izingosi ezaziwayo zama-tiger.
Ubude bomzimba wesidoda sendoda endala yaseBengal enomsila bungama-2.7-3.3 m noma kancane ngaphezulu, kanti izintokazi ziyi-2,40-2.65 m. Ubude bomsila obukhulu buyi-1.1 m ukuphakama lapho kubuna okungama-90 -115 cm. Izingwekazi zaseBengal njengamanje zinama-fangs amakhulu kunabo bonke abameleli bomndeni wekati abaziwayo. Ubude bawo bungadlula i-80-90 mm. Isisindo esivamile sowesilisa osekhulile ovuthiwe ngocansi ngama-223-275 kg, kodwa isisindo somzimba sabathile, ikakhulukazi abantu abakhulu, sifinyelela ngisho naku-300-320 kg. Isisindo esijwayelekile sowesifazane osemdala ziyi-139.7-135 kg, bese isisindo somzimba wakhe esiphezulu sifinyelela ku-193 kg.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Izilwane ezidla izinyamazane njengamahlosi aseBengal zihlala, ikakhulukazi ngokucula. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenhloso ethile, bayakwazi ukuhlangana ngamaqembu ambalwa, kufaka phakathi abantu abathathu noma abane. Umuntu ngamunye wesilisa uqapha indawo yakhe, futhi ukubhonga kwesisulu esinolaka kuzwakala nakwa kude kwamakhilomitha amathathu.
Amahlosi ama-Bengal awahambi ebusuku, futhi ngesikhathi sasemini lezi zilwane zithanda ukuthola amandla futhi ziphumule. Unamandla futhi uyaguga, inyamazane eshesha kakhulu ehamba ngokuzingela kusihlwa noma ekuntweleni kwayo, kuyaqabukela ihlale ngaphandle kokuphangwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele, ihlosi laseBengal likhwela kalula izihlahla futhi ligibela amagatsha, kanye nokubhukuda ngokuphelele futhi lingasabi nakancane amanzi.
Indawo yendawo eyodwa eyisidlakudla ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha angama-30 ukuya kwangama-3000, kanti abesilisa babeka imingcele yesiza esinjalo ngamalonda abo, umchamo kanye nalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi “ama-scrapers”. Kwezinye izimo, ingxenye yowesilisa othile imbozwe ngxenye yizingxenye zezinsikazi eziningana ezingekho ngaphansi komhlaba.
I-White bengal tiger
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu inani elincane lokuhluka okumhlophe kwehlosi laseBengal (Panther tigris tigris var. Alba), elihlukaniswa ososayensi bangaphandle njengomhlobiso wamapaki wezilwane. Endle, abantu abanjalo ngeke bakwazi ukuzingela ehlobo, ngakho-ke, akuveli ezimweni zemvelo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuvela amahlosi amhlophe endaweni yazo yemvelo ngabantu abanohlobo lokuzalwa lwangaphakathi. Umbala onjalo onqabile uchazwa ochwepheshe ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kwe-pigment okunganele. Amahlosi amhlophe ahlukile kumuntu wakubo onesikhumba esibomvu ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ongajwayelekile.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Zonke izingosi ezisaziwa njengamanje zezihlosi, kufaka phakathi ihlosi laseBengal, zinombala woboya ohambelana nazo zonke izici zezindawo zazo zokuhlala zemvelo. Izinhlobo zezilwane ezidliwayo zisabalale ehlathini elishisayo, amaxhaphozi, amaxhaphozi, ezindaweni ezinamadwala afinyelela kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphezu kolwandle.
Amahlosi ama-Bengal ahlala ePakistan naseMpumalanga ye-Iran, eCentral naseNyakatho neNdiya, eNepal naseBhutan, kanye naseBakistan naseMyanmar. Izilwane ezifuywayo zalolu hlobo zitholakala eduze komfula womfula i-Indus and Ganges, Ravvi and Satlidzh. Isibalo sengane enjalo ingaphansi kwabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-2,5, ngengozi yokuncishiswa. Namuhla, ihlosi laseBengal lingesigaba sokubhalwa okuningi kwehlosi, futhi liqothulwa ngokuphelele e-Afghanistan.
Ukudla Kwe-Bengal Tiger
Amahlosi amadala ama-Bengal ayakwazi ukuzingela izilwane ezahlukahlukene, esikhundleni salokho, ezimelelwa yizinkukhu zasendle kanye nezinyamazane ezinamakhaza, izinyamazane nezinyamazane, izimbuzi, ama-buffalos nama-gauras amancane, izindlovu ezincane. Futhi, inyamazane yomhlaseli onjalo ngokuvamile iba yizingwe, izimpisi ezibomvu, izimpungushe nezimpungushe, hhayi izingwenya ezinkulu kakhulu.
Amahlosi awenqabeli ukudla izifuyo ezincane ezinhlobonhlobo, kufaka phakathi amasele, inhlanzi, amabhele nezinkawu, ama-porcupine nezinyoka, izinyoni nezinambuzane. Ama-Tiger awazideleli zonke izinhlobo ze-carrion. Ingwe endala yaseBengal idonsa cishe ama-35-40 kg enyama ekudleni okukodwa, kepha ngemuva komkhosi onjalo "isilwane esidliwayo" singalamba cishe amasonto amathathu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abesilisa besengwe yaseBengal abadli onogwaja nezinhlanzi, nezinsikazi zalolu hlobo, ngokuhlukile, zidla ngokuzithandela nje ukudla okunjalo.
Amahlosi ama-Bengal abekezele kakhulu, ayakwazi ukubuka inyamazane yawo isikhathi eside futhi akhethe umzuzu ofanele wokuphonswa okukodwa okunamandla nokunamandla. Isisulu esikhethiwe sibulawa amahlosi aseBengal lapho enza izinto ezithile noma ngokulimala komgogodla. Okunye futhi okwaziwayo ukuthi yizimo lapho isilwane esidla inyama yalolu hlobo sihlasela abantu. Amahlosi abulala inyamazane encane ngokuluma entanyeni. Ngemuva kokubulawa, ukukhiqizwa kudluliselwa endaweni ephephe kakhulu, lapho kwenziwa khona isidlo esinokuthula.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Izinsikazi zezingwe zaseBengal zifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu noma emine, futhi abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi eminyakeni emine kuya kwemihlanu. Ama-Tiger abesilisa abashadikazi nabesifazane kuphela endaweni yabo. Owesilisa ovuthiwe ngokobulili uhlala nowesifazane kulo lonke umjikelezo we-estrous, ohlala izinsuku ezingama-20-80. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude besikhathi esiphelele besigaba sokuthola ucansi abudluli ezinsukwini ezingama-3-7. Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kwenqubo yokuzalela, owesilisa uvame ukubuyela esizeni sakhe, ngakho-ke, akahlanganyeli ekuzaleni inzalo. Phezu kokuthi isikhathi sokuzala sithatha unyaka wonke, isilinganiso saso siwela esikhathini kusukela ngoNovemba kuya ku-Ephreli.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwehlosi laseBengal cishe izinsuku ezingama-98-110, emva kwalokho kuzalwa amakati amabili kuya amane. Kwesinye isikhathi kudoti kukhona amawele amahlosi angamawele. Isisindo sekati lekati lingama-900- 1300 g. Ama-kittens asanda kuzalwa awaboni ngokuphelele futhi awasizi ngalutho, ngakho-ke adinga ukunakwa nokuvikelwa ngokuphuthumayo kwabesifazane. Ukuqunjelwa esithweni sowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili, kuthi emva kwalokho umama aqale ukondla amazinyane akhe ngokwenyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kusukela eminyakeni engu-11 ubudala amawundlu akwazi ngokuphelele ukuzingela ngokuzimela, azama ukuhlala nonina kuze kube unyaka owodwa nesigamu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho neminyaka emithathu.
Izingane ze-Bengal tiger zidlala ngendlela emangalisayo futhi zinelukuluku kakhulu.. Esenonyaka owodwa, amahlosi amancane ngokwawo angabulala isilwane esikhulu kakhulu. Ukuba nesimo esimangalisa kakhulu, amawundlu asemncane ayinyamazane ebabayo yezingonyama no-hyenas. Amaduna akhule kahle futhi asekhulile a tiger ashiya "indlu kababa" ukuze akhe insimu yawo, kanti izintokazi zithanda ukuhlala insimu kanina.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha ezithile ngokwemvelo ezinamahlosi aseBengal, njengoba enjalo, azikho. Izindlovu, ama-buffalos nobhejane azidli izinkomo, ngakho-ke inyamazane ingaba isisulu sazo kuphela ngenxa yamathuba. Isitha esikhulu sama "Bengalis" ngabantu abagcina amathambo omuntu ohlukumeza ngezakhiwo zokwelapha futhi bawasebenzise komunye umuthi. Inyama yengwekazi yaseBengal ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa izitsha ezahlukahlukene ezingafani, kanti namawele, ama-vibrissa namafangs kuyadingeka lapho kwenziwa izithungu.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Amahlosi ama-Bengal abhalwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN njengohlobo olusengozini, kanye nakwi-CITES Convention. Namuhla emhlabeni kunabantu abangaba ngu-3250-4700 bodwa benyathi yaseBengal, kufaka phakathi nezilwane ezihlala emapaki wezilwane futhi zigcinwe kuma-circus. Izinsongo eziyinhloko kulezi zinhlobo ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kanye nokubhujiswa kwendawo yemvelo yabamele abameli bomndeni wekati nohlobo lwePanther.
