I-zebra ebomvu (Metriaclima estherae) ayisiyo eyommeleli onolaka kakhulu weqembu le-mbuna, kodwa, nokho, iyi-cichlid engenabungani uma uyiqhathanisa nabamele eminye imindeni. Le yinhlanzi enhle kakhulu ye-aquarium. Imibala yabo bobabili ubulili ihlukile kakhulu, futhi ungacabanga ukuthi lezi yizinhlobo ezihlukile. Yize kunemibala eminingana yama-zebras abomvu, iningi lesifazane liphuzi kanti owesilisa uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le nhlobo ihlangana kalula kunoma yikuphi ukudla, izalwe ngaphandle kwezinkinga, futhi nokunakekela inzalo yayo nakho akudalanga izinkinga ezikhethekile.
I-Pseudotrophyus red zebra iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu kubahwebi nezinhlanzi ezinolwazi. Uma ukushintshwa kwamanzi njalo kungeyona inkinga kumuntu wasemanzini, futhi athathe omakhelwane abafanele, ukunakekela le mbuna ngeke kube nzima. Ukunakekelwa kwezinhlanzi okuphumelelayo, ungathathi ngaphezu kowesilisa oyedwa noma abesifazane ababili noma abathathu e-aquarium eyi-110 cm.
Kuyadingeka futhi nokunikeza inani elikhulu lezindawo lapho izinhlanzi zingacasha khona. Uma i-aquarist ifuna ukugcina ama-Red Zebras kanye nezinye izimbangi, khona-ke kuyadingeka i-aquarium enkulu. Le nhlanzi e-aquarium, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Grant's zebra, iyingxenye yeqembu le-cichlid elibizwa ngokuthi i-mbuna. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-12 eqenjini, ngasinye sisebenza kakhulu futhi sinomlingisi onolaka. Le nhlanzi ingazala ekudingisweni.
Habitat
IMetriaclima estherae, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-Estera Grant's zebra, yachazwa yiConings ngo-1995 futhi ihlala eLake Malawi (e-Afrika). Umcwaningi igama lalezi zinhlobo ngemuva kuka-Esther Grant, unkosikazi ka-ichthyologist Stuart Grant.
Yize ingxenye enkulu yezakhamizi zase-Metriaclima estherae ihlala eduze nedolobha lase Minos, abanye abantu bangatholakala eMeluluk (eMozambiki, e-Afrika). Njengamanye ama-mbuns amaningi, inhlanzi ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala lapho ingathola khona i-algae yayo eyithandayo - aufwux. Ama-Aufvuks akhula amabombo amade emithini. Zingaqukatha izibungu zezinambuzane, ama-nymph, ama-crustaceans, iminenke, imikhaza kanye nezinye i-zooplankton.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi le cichlid iyaziwa kwisayensi ngaphansi kwamagama amathathu ahlukile. Le yinkinga engakaxazululwa. Ngenkathi litholwa okokuqala, lalibizwa ngokuthi iPseudotropheus estherae futhi lahlukaniswa njengelungu lohlobo lwePseudotropheus, olwaluneqembu elingaphansi lezinhlanzi ezihlobene ezazibizwa ngeZebras.
Kamuva kwavela ukuthi izinhlanzi azisondele kangako, kwathi ngonyaka we-1984 kwaba yisiko ukubabiza ngoZeeland ukuthi bahlukanise uZebras kuhlobo oluhlukile. Leli gama liqhamuka egameni lesichthyologist esidumile - uHans Mayland. Kepha bekukhona futhi inkinga ngaleli gama, ngoba alizange lihambisane nezinye izidingo ezinikezwe amagama wesayensi. Ngakho-ke, wanikezwa isimo "somen nudum", okusho ukuthi igama alikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengezesayensi. Kodwa-ke, lolu daba lusadingidwa.
Ngo-1997, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuyiqamba kabusha le nhlanzi eMetriaclima. Njengesikhathi esedlule, igama libuye libe nezinkinga. Kulokhu, izidingo zokushintsha amagama wesayensi azange zifinyelelwe. Ikakhulu, amagama abekade engathunyelwa kwiziphathimandla ukuze amukelwe. Yize manje iMetriaclima yigama lesayensi, bonke labo abangavumelani banelungelo lokusebenzisa igama elifanayo. Ngakho-ke, womabili amagama ekhulu leminyaka lama-20, iMetriaclima estherae neMaylandia estherae, athathwa njengonembile, futhi kweminye imibuthano uPseudotropheus estherae usetshenziswa ngisho.
Incazelo
Ama-red zebras angaphila iminyaka eyi-10. Imizimba yabo iyaphakama futhi ifana nethangwe elisesimweni. Umbala owesilisa nowesifazane awufani, kukhona imibala ehlukahlukene: abesilisa bohlobo oluhlaza “obomvana” bapendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo eqonde phezulu kanye namachashazi ayisiyingi angama-4-7 eduze ne-anal fin. Fry yalokhu kuhluka kulula ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabo - abesilisa bazalwa benombala omnyama, kanti izintokazi ziphuzi.
Izinhlobo zezinsikazi "ezibomvu ezikhanyayo" azikwazi ukuba nombala obomvu kuphela, kepha futhi zibomvu-orenji ngaphandle kwemigqa ebheke phezulu. Amafutha abo azalwa enombala ofana nowesifazane, kepha ngemuva kokuba abesilisa sebefinyelele ku-6 cm ubude, baqala ukuguquka ngombala.
Kukhona futhi uhlobo lwe "albinos", kepha endle zivamile kakhulu. Abesifazane bangaba ophuzi, o-orenji, noma o-orenji abe nocezu olumnyama. Futhi, baphawule cishe amaphuzu amathathu amakhulu eduze kwe-anal fin.
Yondla i-zembra ebomvu
Abamele izinhlobo zeMetriaclima estherae izinhlanzi ze-aquarium omnivorous, kepha badinga imikhiqizo yezitshalo njalo. Noma amadube angadla i-zooplankton endle, iningi lokudla kwakho kufanele kube yimifino noma ukudla okufanayo. Noma yikuphi ukudla kwalolu hlobo kuzobafanela, kodwa ukuze umbala womzimba uhlale ukhanya, kuyadingeka ukufaka umsoco onezivikelo eziqinile, i-spirulina, izigcawu, noma okunye ukudla osezingeni eliphakeme kwama-cichlids. Kwesinye isikhathi unganikeza i-shrimp yezinhlanzi noma i-nauplii brine shrimp. Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi amadube aqatha ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke akufanele uwaqede ngokweqile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMetriaclima iyayithanda imfashini ye-algal, ngakho-ke izindleko zokudla zizobe ziphansi kunasesimweni sama-cichlids we-carnivorous. Kunconyelwa ukondla izinhlanzi kaningi, kepha ngezingxenye ezincane ezidonswa ngokushesha futhi ezingeke zonakalise amanzi. Amavithamini nokudla kwezilwane kuyadingeka ekudleni, kepha akufanele uwudle ngamaprotheni ngoba inhlanzi ingahlushwa ukuqhakaza.
Esihlokweni esilandelayo, ungafunda ngokuziphatha okunomsoco weMetriaclima nokwehluka kwabo kwezinye izimbuns.
I-Metriaclima estherae idinga i-aquarium elinganisa okungenani amalitha angama-250 ubude obungamasentimitha ayi-122. Uma abamele lolu hlobo akuyona kuphela abaqashi be-aquarium, kudingeka isikhala esithe xaxa. Ama-Zebras anelisekile ngamanzi amasha noma amfushane kancane, isimo esikhulu ukuqiniseka ukuthi ukuhamba kwamanzi njalo nokuhlunga kwawo okusebenzayo. Ama-corals noma isihlabathi kufanele kwenezelwe ku-aquarium - azosiza ukugcina i-pH isezingeni eliphakeme. Ungasebenzisa futhi amatshe. Amatshe kanye ne-driftwood kuyasiza ekwakheni inani elikhulu lendawo nezindawo lapho izinhlanzi zazingacasha khona. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa ulaka lwabantu nokuhlukanisa insimu. I-zebra ebomvu iyakuthanda ukumba emhlabathini, ngakho-ke amatshe kufanele abekwe ngaphezulu kwesihlabathi, angawangcwabi ngaphakathi.
Izinga lamanzi ampofu ngokushesha lithinta impilo yama-cichlids. Njengoba i-Red Zebra izwelayo ekwakhekeni kwamanzi, kudingeka ushintsho lwamasonto onke lwama-30% wamanzi (kuya ngesilinganiso sesidalwa esiphilayo samanzi) kanye nokuhlanza izindonga ze-aquarium njalo emasontweni amabili. Uma izinhlanzi zikhombisa ukungezelela okuthe xaxa, singancoma ushintsho endaweni yokukhosela nezimbumbulu, okuzoholela ekuhlukaniseni umphakathi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kabusha okusha kwendawo. Ukuqhakaza kuma-cichlid aseMalawi yisifo esijwayelekile salezi zinhlanzi, isimilo sabantu okudla kwabo kubuswa yimikhiqizo yezilwane kunemikhiqizo yezitshalo. Ama-zebras abomvu anazo ezinye izifo eziningi ezijwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile.
Izimo ezidingekayo
Imifula engena eLake Malawi ibonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaminerali ahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu nenani elikhulu lezinsiba, amanzi echibini abonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-alkalis namaminerali. Ichibi laziwa ngokubonakala kwalo nangokuqina kwezinkomba zamakhemikhali eziningi, njenge-pH. Ukusuka lapha kuyacaca ukuthi kungani kubalulekile ukubheka amapharamitha wamanzi asemanzini nezinhlanzi ezivela eLake Malawi. Ubungozi bokuthi ubuthi be-ammonia bukhuphuke nge-pH eyandayo, ngakho-ke akumele ukhohlwe ukushintsha amanzi e-aquarium. Uma lezi zidingo zingafinyelelwanga, inhlanzi ingakhuphula isikhathi eside izinguquko ku-pH.
Ubunzima: 6-10 ° dH
pH: 7.7 - 8.6
Ukushisa: 23 -28 ° C
I-Zebra cichlid ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
Lo mbuna awunakubizwa ngobungane. Inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu yabantu besifazane ngu-1 owesilisa nowesifazane abangu-2-3. Uma kusetshenziswa ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezi-nimble ku-aquarium ukunciphisa ulaka, kudingeka izinguquko zamanzi ezivamile. I-Metriaclima estherae ingabanjwa ngokuhlangana namanye amaMbunas angenamdlandla avela eMalawi, kodwa kuphela uma enobukhulu obuhlukile futhi engabukeki afanayo, uma kungenjalo kungqubuzana noma kunqamule ukwakheka kwama-hybrids kungabukwa, okunganconywa kakhulu. Futhi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi amadube agcinwe ndawonye neHaplochromis, ngoba amadube, njengawo wonke amaMboon, anolaka olukhulu kuwo.
Ngenhla kungowesilisa we-zebra obomvu, futhi ngezansi kungowesifazane (isithombe nguMichael Persson)
UZebra owesilisa nowesifazane
Owesilisa upende ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo emnyama mpo noma ngombala obomvu we-orange ngaphandle kwemivimbo. Futhi, owesilisa oseduze kwe-anal fin unamaphuzu ayi-4 kuye kwayi-7. Owesifazane unombala ophuzi, owolintshi noma umbala ofanayo. Eduze ne-anal fin, unamaphoyinti afinyelela amathathu. Kwenzeka ukuthi ibala elimnyama lidlule kuwo wonke umzimba.
Ukuzala
Ama-red zebras angabiliswa ekudingisweni. Ukuthomba kuqeda inhlanzi kufinyelela usayizi wamasentimitha angama-7-8. Uma umbala owufunayo ungakabonakali kuzinhlanzi ezithengiwe ngokuzalaniswa, kufanele uthathe izingcezu ezingama-7-16. Ukuvuselela ukuqhuma, abakhiqizi kufanele bondliwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla kabili ngosuku. Futhi, badinga umoya opholile. Uma amaRed Zebras engaveli, khona-ke okungenzeka ukuthi enye yezinhlanzi inolaka kakhulu, futhi kufanele uyisuse e-aquarium. Ukungabikho kwezinhlanzi ezinolaka kudala isimo esizolile esigqugquzela ukwenziwa kabusha kweMetriakima.
Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-30 bese uwafihla masinyane emlonyeni wakhe aze avuthwe. Owesilisa usabalalisa i-anal fin yakhe, lapho kukhona amachashazi afana namaqanda, ukuze insikazi, ibadida ngamaqanda ayo, nayo izama ukuwafihla emlonyeni wakhe. Ngale ndlela, ivuselela owesilisa ukuba akhulule isidoda futhi aqhume amaqanda. Emavikini angama-2-3 emazingeni okushisa angama-28 ° C, gazinga avele ekukhanyeni. Izinsizwa zondla ngokudla okomile okunempuphu ne-Artemia nauplii. Ekuqaleni, insikazi ivikela inzalo yayo. Ngokuzayo, kuzoba lula ukuthi i-fry iphile uma kunezindawo zokukhosela ezanele e-aquarium. Umbala wezinhlanzi wefomu "elibomvu-okwesibhakabhaka" ekuqaleni wawucishe ufane nombala lowesifazane. Abesilisa baqala ukushintsha umbala ngemuva kokufinyelela amasentimitha ayi-6 ngobude. Izinhlobo zezinsikazi “ezibomvu” zizalwa ngombala onsundu, kanti izintokazi zinombala opinki.
I-zebra ebomvu yabesifazane (iMetriaclima estherae) enesiga somlomo wakhe (isithombe nge-kimonasandrews)
U-Yolk Larvae (isithombe nguMichael Persson)
I-RED ZEBRA MORPH
Kukholelwa ukuthi umbala okhanyayo wesilisa uyindlela yokuxhuma “amadube” abomvu, umphumela wokuguquka kwemvelo. Lapho kuzalaniswa, amaduna abomvu namhlophe kufanele akhule kusuka ku-fry. Kepha inkinga ukuthi, ekulweni lezi zingxabano bezingakaqinisekiswa. Kusuka eMoscow, futhi kungcono ukusho, kusuka ezifuywayo, "zebra" zonke izinhlanzi ezifanayo ezibomvu ezimhlophe zakhula. Kungabonakala, futhi bayeke babe yiyona ndlela abayiyo, kepha-ke kuthiwani? Ngubani okhathalelayo?
Kepha, okokuqala, bengingathanda ukwazi ukuthi kungani kungekho muntu emlandweni weminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 wokulima amadube abomvu owabuze esidlangalaleni umbuzo mayelana nokungahambi kahle kokubukeka negama. Futhi okwesibili, ngonyaka wezentengiselwano ngo-1986, ngathenga izimbungulu ezibomvu ku-birdie endala (ezinkulu kakhulu zazingenayo imali eyanele yokuqongelela “isikole”), okuthe ngonyaka othile yakhula ngempumelelo yaba izinhlanzi ezingafani nobungqingili futhi zaqala ukuzala ngentshiseko. Ngakho-ke, owesilisa wayeyikhophi ephelele yowesifazane, isb. umbala obomvu we-orange.
Manje-ke ngingasho ukuthi, ngangiqala nje uhambo lwami lwasolwandle futhi owesilisa engazihluphi ngombala ongajwayelekile, kunalokho, ngaleso sikhathi kwabonakala kimi: amadube amabili abomvu - izinhlanzi ezimbili ezibomvu. I-zebra emhlophe nebomvu - inhlanzi emhlophe nebomvu, njll.
Isithombe sowesilisa obomvu we-zebra
Ngokuya ngenganekwane eyayiyinganekwane ngaleso sikhathi, wonke ama-zebras aseMalawi ayengungolo lwe-Pseudotropheus (Pseudotropheus). Izinhlanzi zazimane nje zibizwa nangokuthi i-Ps.zebra, zilandelwa ukuqanjwa kombala wale nhlanzi ukuze ziqondiswe ezinhlotsheni zombala. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zazinjengokulandelayo: ubomvu obuphindwe kabili - Ubomvu obomvu (RR), obomvu-blowuhlaza - Olubomvu Blue (izintokazi zibomvu, amaduna aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngasendleleni, elahlekile ngokuphelele inhlanzi enkulu yasekhaya eyi-morph), emhlophe - W (mhlophe), piebald. njll. Futhi okubaluleke, yonke eminye imibala i-morphs, ikhula, ihambelana ngokuphelele nesifinyezo esishiwo.
RED ZEBRA Ukukhetha
Ngakho-ke, kubonakala kimi, ngasesikhathini esithile, ama-morphs amhlophe namabomvu aphindwe kabili ahlanganisiwe, ikakhulukazi njengoba i-fry evela kuwo womabili ekuqaleni ibibomvu, ngaphandle kwama-nuances amancane, yaqhubeka yathengiswa ngaphansi kwegama elivamile elithi "red red". Ngoba osomabhizinisi kade babona: inhlanzi ibomvu, futhi iphindwe kabili, igcwaliseka kangcono kakhulu kunenye. Ukusuka lapha, mhlawumbe, "i-zebra ebomvu ebomvu" yasekhaya eya, okwakuqala okomuntu wasemanzini, hhayi nje ukuthi kwakubukeka sengathi akuyona “i-zebra”, futhi ayiyona ebomvu kabili.
IVIDEO PSEUDOTROPHEUS RED ZEBRA Metriaclima estherae
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi iqembu le-polymorphic lezebras lahlukaniswa ngokuhlelekile eminyakeni yama-90s yekhulu lokugcina laba yindawo ehlukile. Iningi lezinhlanzi ezimthende zaya kuhlobo lweMetriaclima, olwasiza kakhulu izimpilo zabathengisi nabahlinzeki abahlukahlukene, abaphucwa ithuba lokuchaza ku-aquarium neophytes isikhathi esiyikhulu ukuthi kungani inhlanzi ebomvu noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphandle kwemivimbo ibizwa nge-zebra.
Empeleni, i-zebra ebomvu ephindwe kabili manje ibizwa ngokuthi iMetriaclima estherae. Ngaleli gama, izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo akudingi ukuthi zibomvu kabili, futhi okuzwakala kuyinqaba ngesifinyezo esedlule (i-RR) manje sekubonakala sihle.
Kepha ngalesi sikhathi kwenzeka imicimbi emithathu ebalulekile embonini yezwe lethu yezwe.
- I "Iron Curtain" edumile yagcina isinyamalele, futhi konke okuhlobene nokuba khona kwayo, kufaka phakathi ukungakwazi ukuthenga nokuletha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi nokuthola imali kuzo.
- Iningi labantu baseRussia linemali yokukhokhela lokho kungeniswa.
- I-Intanethi ifikile, okwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukuthola imininingwane ebiyisebenzisa kakhulu metered, belatedly futhi ngesinye isikhathi nokuhlanekezela okuphambili.
Sengineminyaka eyinkulungwane entsha, ngagcina sengibona eMbhebhe amabhele ami abomvu amade. Kwenzekile kwaba kuhle kakhulu. Ngivakashele umngani wami wesikole (imizamo yami manje ingumuntu wasemanzini), osanda kubuya ohambweni lwebhizinisi oluya eCzech Republic, ngabona amadube abomvu aphindwe kabili kwelinye lama-aquariamu akhe angama-500-litre. I-morph yayifana naleyo etholwe emcimbini akude manje ngama-80s.
Okwehlukanisa lezi zinhlanzi kusuka kwiziba elibomvu ezifuywayo kwakungewona umbala obomvu ngokulinganayo owesilisa nowesifazane, kodwa futhi nokubonakaliswa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufashini le-dorsal, elivezwa ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa. Izinhlanzi bezivele zingabantu abadala, leli qembu laliqukethe abesilisa abane abangacacisiwe futhi abacishe babe ngabantu abalingana abaningana - abesilisa abangaba ngabesifazane.
Ngokwemvelo, angikwazanga ukusiza kepha ngathola "ukwanda" okungekuhle nje, ikakhulukazi njengoba umngani wangitshela ukuthi: Ngithole umhlambi "ngemajini", ngikhumbula izindaba zami eziphathelene nokubomvu okuphindwe kabili hhayi i-zebra kakhulu, i-Intanethi yavela, okwenze kwaba lula ukuthola imininingwane eyayitholwe ngaphambili kukhanye kakhulu, ku-belated futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngeziphikiso eziphakeme.
Female pseudotrophyus red zebra
Ekhaya, ngabeka owesilisa nowesifazane ababili etholakele echibini elingamalitha angama-500 enamadwala aqinisile amile “ngaphansi kwaleli tshe,” futhi abantu baseMalawi abahlukahlukene baba omakhelwane babahlali abasha, ngaphandle kwenhlanzi ephuma endaweni eyakhiwe nge-zebra (ukukhipha inzalo eyenzekile). Ikakhulu, kwadingeka ngidlulise izimbungulu ezimbalwa ezibomvu zisuka lapha ziye ezimeni ezintofontofo, ebezihlukaniswa ngokungafanele kusukela kuqala ngokuthi ukungabi bikho kwemibhobho yezimbali emihlathini.
"AmaCzech" azinza ngokushesha endaweni entsha futhi, esephinde athola isikhala samahhala, aqala ukuyigada ngenkuthalo.Owesilisa uzikhethele indawo enkulukazi eyi-grotto-rock futhi wahlanza inhlabathi eyi-aquarium kuyo, wakwazi ukukhumbuza izintokazi nezinye izakhamizi ngokuba khona kwazo ngesikhathi sekhefu. Owesifazane omkhulu wathatha indawo edwaleni eliphambi kwesihlungi, kuyilapho elincane lithanda ukuntanta phezulu kwikholamu yamanzi. Yize, kungenzeka kakhulu, ubengenazo izindawo ezingathathwanga ngokwanele.
Ukubaluleka komuntu wesilisa kuthuthela ku-zebra enkulu ebomvu yabesifazane. Esuse inhlabathi eyedlulele, ngokubuka kwakhe okumangazayo, kwi-grotto, manje wayedansa njalo eceleni kwakhe.
Eqinisa umzimba wakhe wonke, wabeka phambili i-anal Fin ngama-blind-emulating amabala, futhi, ngokudlidliza, wabiza umlingani wakhe endaweni eyayilungiselelwe ngokucophelela, engakhohlwa ukuhlangana ngokufana ukuthi afafaze bonke abanye abazalwane base-aquarium.
Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi owokuqala, kunjalo, waba ngumholi wale biotope yokufakelwa. I-pawnshop yesilisa kuphela - uPseudotropheus (Metriaclima) lombardoi owayengamnikeza ukuphindiselwa okufanele.
Ngokushesha, ukuqhekeka kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-grotto, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho insikazi enomlomo we-caviar yabuyela endaweni yayo.
Njengoba ngangivele ngizijwayeze mathupha ukushiya izibungu zeminyaka eyi-10 zabantu baseMalawi ezikhwameni zepulasitiki ezinesibabule somoya sokuvuthwa futhi sisebenzise izifakelo kuphela njengendawo yokugcina, ngemuva kweshumi leminyaka izibalo ezingaba ngu-40 zakhushulwa ngaphandle kowesifazane zabekwa kwesinye sezikhwama zokufakelwa kanjalo. Kuyo, baphila zonke izigaba ezidingekayo ze-metamorphosis futhi emva kwezinye izinsuku eziyishumi (ngokusuka okuncane) bakhululwa ekuphumeni.
Isimanga esijabulisayo ukuthi i-fry, okokuqala, ibisivele ibomvu, kanti okwesibili, lapho ifaka imibala kwakungekho izindawo ezinombala omnyama, okwakuvame kakhulu "ukuhlobisa" izidumbu zamadube abomvu ahlanganisiwe.
Fry londla kahle ku-artemia esetshenzisiwe futhi lakhula kahle kakhulu. Ngokushesha, kwamanye amaphiko, ikakhulukazi i-dorsal, i-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yabonakala, yaqina ngokuthuthuka kwentsha. Kodwa ukugcwala kombala womzimba, ngokuhlukile, kwehlile. Le morph iba bomvu ngokubabazekayo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwabantu, okungukuthi, ngonyaka. Lokhu kuhlukanisa ne-zebra enkulu ebomvu, ebomvu ekhanyayo esiteji se-fry, bese ijika iba mnyama (ikakhulukazi isimilo sabesilisa).
Angizange ngincike kakhulu ekuzalweni kwezinhlanzi zomdabu waseCzech, kepha namuhla izizukulwane eziningana zeminyaka ezahlukahlukene zama-cichlid zibhukuda emanzini ami. Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi iphupho elibomvu kabili lagcwaliseka.
Amapharamitha wamanzi ngesikhathi sokuzalela nokugcina izinhlanzi e-aquarium zazimi ngalendlela elandelayo: ubulukhuni bebonke 18 ° dGH, pH 7.8, izinga lokushisa 28 ° C, aeration njalo nokuhlunga.
Ngokuyikho, uhla olubanzi lwezinkomba lufanele okuqukethwe okuphumelela kwamadube abomvu eMalawi. Ngakho-ke, ubunzima bamanzi bungahluka kusuka ku-7 ° kuya ku-27 °, i-pH isuka ku-6.8 iye ku-8.5, ukuncishiswa kwezinga lokushisa ukuya ku-23 ° C futhi ukufudumala kuze kufike ku-33 ° kuyamukeleka ngaphandle kokuyekethisa impilo yezinhlanzi. Into esemqoka ukuthi umbuso uzinzile, futhi izinguquko, uma zikhona, zibushelelezi. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo asisebenzi kubantu baseMalawi kuphela, kodwa futhi nakwisibalo esikhulu sabanye abahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Angondli inhlanzi yami ngokudla okuphilayo, yize ngingenakusho okubi ngayo. Ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo kuqukethe inhlanganisela yama-granule ahlukahlukene, ama-flakes nokunye okulula ukusetshenziswa futhi, empeleni, imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme esinikezwe thina ngumkhakha wezilwane. Uma ungumphikisi oqinile "we-crackers", ungasebenzisa ngokuphepha isiphithiphithi, is cyclops, i-coronet noma i-bloodworms, nenyama eyosiwe, inhlanzi, ukudla kwasolwandle okukhethwe kahle, njll.
Ingxenye yokudla edingekayo kufanele ibe yingxenye yesitshalo. Emvelweni, “amadube” - izinhlanzi zeqembu laseMalawi laseMbuna - zihlala edwaleni elinamadwala nangamadwala angaphansi kwamanzi agcwele i-algae, izinhlanzi ezisebenza ngobuhlakani nangobungcweti ngomlomo wazo. I-plankton noma i-fry engazange ivele ngesikhathi siyisengezo sezilwane ekudleni okuluhlaza.
Lapho ugcinwa e-aquarium, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi "ama-zebras" abomvu ayizilwane ezinendawo eyaziwayo, ngakho-ke indawo ebunjiwe enamalitha angama-300, inendawo ephakeme noma enendawo enkulu engezansi, ingabhekwa njengeyifanele kakhulu (ukuze umuntu angatshalwa). Yize, kunjalo, ukuzijwayeza uyazi amacala amaningi wokuqukethwe kwe-metriaclim ngamanani anesizotha xaxa. Njengoba izinhlanzi zisetshenziselwa imvelo yokukhanya, imihlobiso efanelekile kuleli cala ingaba ngamatshe ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nokwakheka - okwendalo noma okwenziwe.
Labo abangakwazi ukucabanga i-aquarium ngaphandle kwezitshalo angenza ngayo ngezinsimbi zabo zepulasitiki. Ukuphila ngingakuncoma kuphela njengokuvivinya futhi ngamanani amancane. Uma ubheka amathemba angaqinisekile, ngikweluleka ukuthi uzitshale ngendlela yokuthi ukulahleka okungenzeka kwama-hydrophytes akubangeli ingozi enkulu engaphandle yetangi. Ngendlela, ukuthuthukisa ukuvezwa kwengqayizivele ye "Malawian", ungasebenzisa izibani ngombala obomvu, futhi uma isibani sinikezela ngokubekwa kwemithombo eminingana yokukhanya, khona-ke ukwengeza isibani esisodwa esiluhlaza ngeke kulimaze.
Isithombe se-zebra esidala esidala esinama-turquoise fins
Bonke abantu baseMalawi abafanayo, kanye nanoma yiziphi motile, ezinobukhulu nezinhlanzi ezifudumele ngaphandle kwamaphini amnandi, kanye ne-catfish egqoke izembatho zempi yemvelo, zizohambisana "namabhele" abomvu njengomakhelwane.
Uma inzalo yezilwane ezifuywayo ingabhekwa esikhathini esizayo, ungenza i-aquarium-zebrasnik: isitsha esinamazibuko anemibala ehlukahlukene abukeka muhle kakhulu. Ngoba zonke ziyizinhlobo ezifanayo, zivumelana kalula ngokwazo phakathi kwazo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-cichlids aseMalawi. Kuyo nzalo ngokwayo, ngombono wami, akukho lutho olungahambi kahle, kodwa kuphela uma lungakhonjiswa kamuva njengezinhlobo ezintsha noma imibala ye-morphs.
Ngokubona kwami, nzalo etholakala ngokuwela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabantu baseMalawi kungekudala kufanele ifumane irejista lapho kufakwa khona izithombe zezinhlanzi, bese kuthi, iziqu zomdabu zifakwe. Lokhu kuzosiza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthi kungabandakanywa ukubonakala kwezinhlobo ezintsha zechibi, futhi okwesibili, kuzokwenza ukuthi kube nokukhethwa okulandelayo kokulandela amadube abomvu ngenhloso yokuzalanisa iqembu elizalanayo elizimele, ngenxa yokukhetha okunengqondo nokuqondisiwe, lizoqhubeka nokuba khona kwalo kwe-aquarium.
Okwamanje, izinxushunxushu nokudideka kubusa kulo mkhakha. Ezindaweni ezifuywayo zabathandi be-cichlid, uma kungebona abasebenza ngokuzalisayo, abantu baseMalawi kuyaqabukela kugcinwe ngokuqondile, okusho ukuthi amathuba okuwela ngokuzenzekelayo aphezulu kakhulu.
Njengoba isimo sengqondo maqondana nzalo emphakathini wama-cichlids asibi, sivame ukwenqatshwa ngokweqile, iziphikisi ezenziwa nge-cichlid "ezinqamula" ezakhiwe endaweni yokuhlala e-amateur kungenzeka zichithwe "ngokweseluleko sabangane" noma, kaningi, ziqala ukuhamba emhlabeni ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene.
Akufanele futhi singayinaki "ingxube" yaseMalawi yase-Asia engeniswa njalo ezweni lethu, okuvame ukuba inzalo yemizamo engaphumelelanga (ephumelele, njengoba sazi, iya imali ehlukile ngokuphelele futhi ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga Yurophu ngaphansi kwegama elibuthakathaka “ifomu lokufuya”) labalimi bezinhlanzi base-Asia uhlobo oluzinzile lwabantu baseMalawi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-zebra ebomvu ngesikhathi se-intraspecific hybridization (iwela imibala emibili ye-morphs) ikhombisa isici esisodwa esingeyona isimilo se-nzalo etholakala ezinhlotsheni ezifanayo zabanye abamele i-ichthyofauna yaseMalawi. Njengomthetho, ukwahlukanisa ngombala ngezimpawu zabazali kuba khona uma kuhlukaniswa izinhlobo zokuziphatha ezihluke ngokuphelele futhi zemibala, noma "isiphambano" kuqhamuka izinhlobo ezi-nzalo ezimbili, ngasinye sazo esivele siphethe izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezihlukile. Ezimweni ezisele, ukwahlukanisa akwenzekanga (ngokwemvelo, ngigweba kuphela inzalo engiyibonayo) hhayi okokuqala noma ezizukulwaneni ezalandela. Ngamanye amagama, kwavela iqembu elizinzileyo elizalisayo, elingakhishwa abathengisi abangathembekile ngokubukeka noma ukwakheka okusha.
Ngo-Fry we-zebras abomvu okwalandela ukwanda, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuhlukahluka kombala (i-OM), okulandelayo kwenzeka: esizukulwaneni sokuqala, zonke izinhlanzi zibomvu, kuthi okwesibili kusuka ezinhlanzini ezimbili ezibomvu ze-pinto kanye ne-zebra ebomvu etholakalayo. Ngakho-ke uma othile echibini lasekhaya enezimbaza ezimbili ezibomvu futhi azala uFry obomvu futhi obonayo, kufanele wazi: lokhu akuyona ukuguqulwa okungajwayelekile, kodwa ukwahlukanisa okufanayo ekuhlanganeni kwesizukulwane sesibili.
Ngendlela, i-zebra ebonakalayo egqamile kusuka kwinzalo enjalo ikhula ibe mihle kakhulu: nenqwaba yemibala ehlukene nemibala ngombala. Ngokuzayo, iqembu lokuzalela lizinza ngofuzo futhi linikeza kuphela ukuthosi obonakalayo.
Kwenzeka into efanayo lapho insikazi ye-zebra ebomvu iwela nowesilisa we-cobalt blue zebra (M.callainos), kuphela kwamafreyimu amhlophe qwa. Lapho iqhekeka ngeduna elinezintambo ze-zebra, ifrys yesizukulwane sokuqala ibomvu ngokubomvu.
Empeleni, ungakuqinisekisa konke lokhu okungenhla ngokwakho ngokwenza izivivinyo ezifanele ekhaya. Ngiyacela ukuthi ungavumeli ukuthi "iziphambano" eziphumayo ziqale ukuthengiswa njengokwehluka kombala okungejwayelekile noma okusha, kungcono ukuveza imvelaphi yabo e-hybrid ngokungananazi. Lokhu kuyadingeka uma nje uqinisekisa ukuthi osebenza naye, umuntu wasemanzini, othola le nhlanzi, akazizwa ekukhohlisweni okulandelayo.
Okwamanje, yilokhu kanye okwenzeka kulabo abathenga i-zebra yegolide, noma ephuzi, bedonswa umbala wayo okhangayo. Lokhu kuzalwa okuzinzile kwezizukulwane kwabantu baseMalawi kungumphumela wesiphambano phakathi kwe-zebra ebomvu ne-hybrid yeGolden Trophyopsis (Pseudotropheus trop-heops) neGolden Labidochromis (Labidochromis caeruleus "Yellow").
Izithombe ze-zebra zegolide
Kuthathe cishe iminyaka emibili ukuqinisekisa umsuka wale zebra morph entsha eqinisekiswe izivivinyo. Futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ngithole ezithombeni ze-Intanethi zezinzalo ezifanayo ezisanda kufakwa e-aquarium ejwayelekile yama-amateur, umlobi wakubeka ngokweqiniso: lezi zitholakala ngokwemvelo ze-zebra ezibomvu ne-elegra labidochromeis (colloquingly "Yellow").
Kodwa-ke, akuyona indoda kuphela enecala ngokuvela kwe-nzalo. Isikhathi eside (cishe kusukela ngesikhathi lapho abaseMalawi bokuqala bevela e-USSR) basiqinisekisa ukuthi imvelo yakhela izithiyo ezithembekile kule ndlela. Ikakhulu, imibala yezindunduma zemidlwane ihlukaniswe yodwa futhi ihlukaniswe amabanga amade, okuthi kushukunyiswa ubude obuhlaba umxhwele bethafa leLake Malawi. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo lwensimu aluqinisekisi lokhu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izithombe namavidiyo kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi izinhlanzi ezinemibala eminingana zithandana kanjani. Futhi uma kungekho izithiyo zokuma kwezwe nokwezakhi zofuzo, khona-ke ukuwela izinhlanzi akunakugwenywa echibini.
Ngokuvamile, kubonakala sengathi ama-cichlid aseMalawi afundelwa ngapha nangapha ayaqhubeka nokuba yimaphazili futhi asinikeze isimanga, esimnandi futhi esingesihle kangako. Futhi kuhle lokho. Ngakho-ke, inzalo ngabo ngeke ishabalale. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kubonakala sengathi isigaba sokugcina sesedlule, ukuxhumana okwengeziwe nezinhlanzi kuphenduka uhlobo oluthile lwamasiko. Futhi ngokuzumayo - kanye, nezici ezintsha ziyavuleka, zinikeza okungenakucatshangwa ngokuphelele, njengamanje, isilinganiso solwazi nobuciko.
Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana
Kubhekiswa eqenjini lama-cichlid aseMbuna, abonakala ngokuziphatha kwabantu besilisa abanolaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubudlova abudluleli kulabo abangaqhudelana kuphela, kepha nabesifazane kanye nabamele ezinye izinhlobo. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa izinga lokuhlaselwa ku-aquarium yezinhlobo ezinezindawo zokukhosela eziningi, lapho abesifazane abathathu noma ngaphezulu bezowela kowesilisa oyedwa. Enye indlela iyi-aquarium egcwele abantu ezinezinhlobo eziningana zeMbuna, inqobo nje uma kowesilisa ngamunye ekhona ezansi indawo azoyivikela kwezinye izinhlanzi. Inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi libonisa indawo yokuhlala yemvelo futhi livumela ukusakazeka kokuhlaselwa.
Ukuzalela / Ukuzalela
Ukuvela kwefry kungenzeka ku-aquarium ejwayelekile. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuzalela, owesilisa ukhetha indawo efanele ezansi. Zingaba yiliphi itshe elisicaba noma i-induction esihlabathini - liba yindawo yokuhlwayeka ngokuzayo. Ngemuva kwalokho kuqala ukuqomisana okunamandla kakhulu, lapho abesifazane ngokuvamile kufanele bacashe khona. Lapho insikazi isilungile, ithatha ukuqomisana bese ibekela amaqanda amaningana, bese kuthi emva kokukhulelwa iwafake emlonyeni wayo. Isikhathi sokufukelwa konke sizokwenzeka emlonyeni wowesifazane, kanti i-fry ngeke ishiye indawo yabo yokuhlala ize ibe nkulu ngokwanele. Indlela efanayo yokuvikela inzalo kuwuphawu lwama-cichlid eLake Malawi.
Isifo sezinhlanzi
Isizathu esikhulu sobuningi bezifo eziseMalic cichlid yizimo ezingafanele nokudla okungekuhle, okuvame ukuholela kwisifo esifana nokuqhakaza eMalawi. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala, kufanele uhlole amapharamitha wamanzi kanye nobukhona bokugxila okuphezulu kwezinto eziyingozi (i-ammonia, ama-nitrites, ama-nitrate, njll.), Uma kunesidingo, buyisela zonke izinkomba kokujwayelekile futhi kuphela bese uqhubeka nokwelashwa. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezimpawu nokwelashwa, bheka isigaba se-Aquarium Fish Diseases.