Kungokwalabo umndeni bustard, uhlala eningizimu yeYurophu, West nase-Asia Ephakathi, eNyakatho Afrika. Indawo yokuhlala izikhala ezivulekile zama-steppe nezindawo. Abamele izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu baphila impilo yokuhlala. Kodwa ngaphezulu kwenani enyakatho eningizimu uthuthe ebusika. Emazweni amaningi, ngenxa yokulima ama-steppes, i-strepto yaba yinto engatholakali kuyo.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-42-45 cm.I-wingspan ngama-90-110 cm. Isisindo somzimba siyehluka kusuka kuma-500 kuye kwangama-900 g. Umzimba ephansi futhi underwings asemhlophe. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela owesilisa, intamo iba mnyama ngemivimbo emhlophe emibili. Isikhathi sonke, u-plumage wesilisa nowesifazane kuyafana.
Amaphiko wakhomba futhi kuqhathaniswa eside. Abesilisa nabesifazane abahlukile ngosayizi. Emhlabathini, lezi zinyoni zihamba ngokushesha, gcina izintamo ziqonde, zigijime ngokushesha. Khumula ezinomsindo. Ngesikhathi sendiza, amaphiko enza umsindo we-melodic ozwakalayo. Indiza ngokwayo iyashesha futhi ingashukunyiswa.
Ukuzala
lokuzala azalela kwenzeka eneminyaka engu-unyaka 1, abesilisa eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-2. Imibhangqwana eminyene. Ukuqina kwabo kuhlinzekwa yizindawo zokuhlala izidleke ezingapheli. Ukuqala kwesikhathi sokuzala kususela enyangeni ka-Ephreli. Luqala ngokunikela ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa, ngemva kwalokho izinsikazi uqale ukuhlomisa izidleke. Isidleke ngokwaso ukucindezelwa okuncane emhlabathini okwembozwe uhlaza. Ukujula kwalo kufinyelela ku-8-9 cm, futhi ububanzi bungama-8-10 cm.
Ngo bamba kukhona kusukela 3 kuya amaqanda 5. Esimweni sokufa kokukhanywa kokuqala, ukwenziwa kwesibili kwenziwa, kepha hhayi njalo, futhi kuvame ukuqukethe amaqanda ama-2 kuphela. Owesifazane kuphela ofaka amaqanda. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sihlala amasonto ama-3, kepha angahlala aze afike kumaviki amane. Insikazi kubhaklazeka amaphuphu nekucala zululeka ne Nzalo. Ngosuku lwesithathu, amaphuphu aqala ukuzondla ngokwawo. Bancika futhi bame ohlangwini beneminyaka engama-27-30 ubudala. Kukholakala ukuthi streptos abasha bahlala nonina ngobusika bokuqala ezimpilweni zabo.
Ukuziphatha Nempilo
Abamele lezi zinhlobo bayasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Ukondla kwenziwa ekuseni nase kusihlwa kusihlwa. Ngezinsuku cool, izinyoni ukondla usuku lonke. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, zihlala ngamaqembu wezinyoni ezingama-50-70. Kwesinye isikhathi amaqembu anjalo ahlangana ebusika emihlambini emikhulu yamakhulu amaningana nezinkulungwane zabantu.
Ukudla kuhlanganisa izilwane nezitshalo ukudla. IStrepto idla izinambuzane, ikhetha izimbungulu. Ukusuka ekudleni kwezitshalo, imbewu, izimpande, amahlumela kuyadliwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, akhawunti izinambuzane ngoba u-70% ukudla idliwe, ngokufanele, 30% are zinhlobo ezihlukahlukene isitshalo. Ekudleni kwamachwane, ama-invertebrates angukudla okuyinhloko. Lezi zinyoni zingenza ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside, zithole umswakama ovela ezitshalweni ezinhle futhi zidla amazolo aqoqana ngamaqabunga.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ukubukeka eyeduna neyensikazi inyoni a strepto zihlukile. Owesilisa, osayizi bezinyoni basakazwa futhi ukubukeka izici:
- inesisindo esingama-1 kg,
- ubude bomzimba 44 cm,
- e umbala amathoni obomvu,
- intamo inombala onsundu,
- kusukela entanyeni kuya esiswini kuya imivimbo imnyama nokukhanya kokushintshana,
- Uqhwaku kanye igobolondo ezizungeze amehlo zinemibala esawolintshi,
- Imilenze uphuzi omnyama,
- Imilenze eqinile
I ukubukeka owesifazane kancane ngaphezulu nesizotha
- intamo, ikhanda nomhlane - mnyama nokumnyama,
- isisindo lingaphansi kancane kunokwabesilisa,
- Akukho umgexo omnyama nomhlophe entanyeni.
Ngenxa yalo mbala oyingqayizivele, le nyoni icasha kalula phansi nasemathangeni otshani. Le nyoni ihlala e-Asia, eYurophu nase-Afrika. ERussia, le nyoni ingatholakala South-European okuyingxenye futhi eCaucasus. Yizinyoni ezifudukayo, ngakho-ke, indiza ihambela e-Iran, eNdiya nakwabanye ebusika. Strept kungokwalabo umndeni bustard. Futhi iyahlala ukoma, njengoba nokuphithizela ezintanjeni nasezindalini.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
It kuholela ikakhulu indlela yokuphila ezweni-based. Izinyoni zihamba kancane, kepha zingagijima kakhulu. Lapho isuka, inyoni iyakhala, ihleke futhi igwala, yenza amaphiko, kuzwakale sengathi ikhwela. Phakathi indiza, naye uthuthumele. Kubukeka kunjalo inyoni impukane iyandiza endaweni eyodwa futhi uneminyaka ngobugwala nje, kodwa eqinisweni they bhibha ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuthuthukisa isivinini indiza ka-80 km / h. Ukundiza kubangelwa ukushayeka kaningi kakhulu.
Efufushiwe ibukhoma emithambekeni yemishayo, ezintabeni ezinotshani obunqenqemeni, emithini nasemathafeni obumba. Kunzima ukunquma lapho strep uhlala, ungabona kuphela izinsalela udoti yayo kanye ngezidladla, okusalayo ngemuva kokuphela inyoni odabule inhlabathi olumanzi.
Unyawo lwesikebhe lukhumbuza isihlakala sesichitshi sendiza. Amawashi awo aneminwe emithathu, eyodwa yinde futhi iqinile, kanti enye emibili imincane futhi imfushane, inezikhafu.
Uma uqaphelisisa ukuthi lezi inyoni, ungakwazi ukubamba ukufana ukuziphatha nge abavamile inkukhu zasekhaya. Bahamba emasimini, begoba amakhanda abo emhlabathini futhi bahlala bebheka nxazonke. Izinyoni zidla emasimini ashiywe. Funa ngemicu yotshani nezinsalela ezihlaba okusanhlamvu. Izimpukane, amabhungane, isikhonyane nezinambuzane nazo zikhona ekudleni.
Baqala ukudoba ekuseni bese kuthi kusihlwa, ngesikhathi sokushisa phakathi kwemini bazame ukuba semthunzini. Bona athatha amanzi, kodwa ungenza ngaphandle kwalo, ingaqoqa namazolo. Banamahloni kakhulu, bangasaba ukuhamba kwamadlelo ezinkomo, ngisho nemoto edlula ngendlela.
Ama-Streptos avame ukugcinwa eyedwa noma ngababili, futhi kuphela ngaphambi kokuba ahambe ebusika ahlangana khona emihlambini.
Zingela Strepto
Kwezinye izindawo lapho Inombolo Strept eliphezulu, ukudubula abo ngaphansi kwelayisensi kuvunyelwe. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuzingela i-strepto:
Ukuzingela inja kuqala ngesikhathi lapho amachwane esevele eqala ukundiza, kodwa angakahlanganisi ngokuphelele nomhlambi wabantu abadala. Inkathi wokufuna enjalo ihlala amasonto amathathu. Imvamisa kuthatha ama-spaniel kanye nezikhombisi ukuzingela. Zihamba kahle zingena phakathi kwezihlahla ngesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ungakwazi ukuzingela kusihlwa, kodwa ngesikhathi ukushisa, ukuzingela kuyaphumelela.
Udinga ukubheka amantshontsho akho otshanini obude eduze kwamasimu. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izintokazi azishayeli izingane zazo kude kakhulu nomunye, ngakho-ke, lapho sezihlangene eyodwa kuyacaca ukuthi abanye baya endaweni eseduze. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, insikazi Ukhumula wokuqala ukuthatha ingozi kude amaphuphu, akunakwenzeka ukuba adubule it.
Imvamisa izingane zifaka yonke-in-eyodwa futhi icashe. Ingane, ingalala phansi ngaphandle kokunyakaza, ivumele inja ukuba isondele kakhulu. Azingela uyaqhubeka kuze izinyoni ushiye ebusika.
Ukuzingela emphemeni ukuthi izinyoni zidinga ukudutshulwa eceleni kwemigwaqo lapho ziya khona ukuze zizondle. Uma inyoni ibona ihhashi, kubalulekile ukushayela ithule kuyo.
Ukuzingela nge yokwanda liqukethe yokuthi ugibele inqola zinqamule insimu ukuze izinyoni. Omunye wabazingeli uya ngqo emhlambini, bese owesibili ngalesi sikhathi egxuma ephuma enqoleni bese eshayela umhlambi enqoleni. Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa kwezifo kuyahlakazeka futhi kulula ukudubula.
"Kungani udinga ukwazi lapho izimpilo strep?" Le nyoni ehlekisayo ifakwe ku-Red Book. Futhi lokhu akwenzeki ngengozi. Abazingeli abaningi bayajabula yokuzingela wakhe ngesikhathi toxing.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inyoni ayihlali emasimini enziwe ngabantu. Ngalesi sizathu, ububanzi bezinyoni sehle kakhulu, kanye nezinombolo zabo.
Kunamaqembu ezikhethekile zalabo bantu abahamba futhi ukuqoqa amaqanda izinyoni ukuze ubafake iyindawo yokufakelwa nokukhululwa kwabo ngemva ukuchamisela.
Kuyacaca ukuthi inyama yale nyoni ingumkhiqizo obalulekile, kepha uma kungathathwanga zinyathelo ezibucayi ukuyisindisa nokuyivikela, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingahle inyamalale ngokuphelele njengenhlobo.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
IStrepto ingeyomndeni we-bustard, igama lesayensi lale nyoni yi-Tetrax tetrax. Lezi zinyoni lawo lihlala eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika futhi zihlanganisa 26 zinhlobo futhi 11 izizukulwane. Ekuqaleni, ama-bustards ayehlukaniswa njenge-cranes, kepha ucwaningo lwama-molecule ososayensi luye lwabonisa ukuthi lo mndeni uhluke ngokuphelele.
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-bustard yile:
- ubuhle bustards,
- ama-bustards amakhulu
- ama-bustards amancane
- bustards Afrika
- Ama-Streptos (bobabili uhlobo nommeleli kuphela wohlobo - inhlobo), okungeyona eyeyhlobo ejwayelekile, kepha anesimo esibalulekile kuyo.
Izinhlobo eziningi zama-bustards (16 kwezingu-26) zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, yize izinyoni zikwazi ukujwayela kalula kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu.
Bustards zihlukile ngokubukeka kwabo, kodwa izici owandile cishe zonke izinhlobo ungabahlukanisa:
- isakhiwo esiqinile esinekhanda elikhulu,
- izinhlobo eziningi phakathi kwabesilisa zinezinwele emakhanda, ezidlala indima ebalulekile emidlalweni yokuphelisa,
- nentamo ende kodwa eqinile
- umlomo omfishane oqondile
- amaphiko aqinile ububanzi
- akukho uzwane indluzelekazi, okhombisa indlela eliwumhlaba lempilo izinyoni,
- izinsikazi ezifuywayo zikhulu kunezabesifazane, kepha lokhu kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu,
- ukugcwala kwezinsalela eziyindilinga, okuvikelayo.
Wonke amalungu omndeni bustard bukhoma phansi bese ukuhambisa kahle ezinyathela ngezidladla zabo. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, ngokungafani namabalalethi, akhethe ukungagijimisi, kepha ukundiza, okubenza kube lula ukubhekelwa ekuzingeleni imidlalo.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: bird Strep
Le nyoni ine nenkundla inkukhu: isisindo akuvamile idlula 1 kg, umzimba obuphelele mayelana 44 cm, namaphiko kwabesifazane 83 cm, abantu besilisa - kuze kufinyelele 91 cm Isisindo e kwabesilisa nabesifazane futhi ezahlukene - 500 kanye 900 g, ngokulandelana...
IStrept inomthethosisekelo oqinile womzimba onemilenze eqinile ephuzi emnyama, ikhanda elikhulu, elithobekile, nomlomo omfishane wewolintshi. Amehlo e-Strepta awolintshi omnyama. Umbala wayo ukuzifihla, kodwa ehlukene kwabesifazane kanye nabesilisa. Umsila umfushane, usesimweni esizolile, amaphiko ahlangana kahle nomzimba.
Ehlobo, abantu besifazane nabesilisa babukeka behlukile. Insikazi ayishintshi wakhe ngubo ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene onyakeni: enendawo grey izimpaphe nge okufakwe izindawo eziningi black. La mabala afana namagagasi amancane, okwenza umbala ubefihla ngangokunokwenzeka, okwazi ukudida umzingeli wokuzingela. Isisu nengaphakathi lentamo kumhlophe.
Inkinga ikuphi-ingabe strep bukhoma?
Photo: Strept eRussia
Ngokungafani namanye amalungu omndeni we-bustard, akhetha isimo sezulu esishisayo, i-strep ithanda amazinga okushisa aphansi. It luhlala e-Europe, Asia naseNyakatho Afrika. Okokuhlala, kukhethwa izikhala ezivulekile - amasimu nama-steppes.
E-Russia, okuthokozisayo kungatholakala ezindaweni ezingazodwa:
- Ephakathi futhi Lower iVolga esifundeni,
- eningizimu yesifunda sase-Ulyanovsk (cishe iminyaka emithathu abakwazanga ukubona imfucumfucu ye-strep - cishe inyamalale),
- Volga
- Urals eNingizimu.
Phambilini, i-strepto yayidlangile esifundeni saseLipetsk, esifundeni iLower Don, eKalmykia, ezifundeni zaseKletsk naseSerafim, osebeni lwesifunda sase-Ilovlinsky naseFrolovsky, ezindaweni eziseSalsko-Manych.
Ukuzala kwenhlabathi nomswakama ophansi kubalulekile ukuze usulwe. Ngakho-ke, amasayithi esivundile Namanje ongakasetshenzwa by izitshalo yezolimo akhethiwe njengendawo yokwakha izidleke. Ngenxa yentuthuko enkulu yemihlaba nokulima kwamasimu nama-steppes, ama-strptos, ayeke aba nesibalo esikhulu sabantu, aba yinto engabikhona.
Izinyoni zikhetha izigodi ezomile ezinemithambeka emikhulu neziteshi zemifula ezinqenqemeni - amanzi abalulekile kwi-strepto, kepha izinyamazane eziningi kakhulu nezinye izinyoni eziqhudelanayo ziza kuye. Kwemithambeka izigodi akhethiwe ngokuvamile ezinabantu embozwe Turf, okuyinto efihla izinyoni emehlweni prying. Esikhathini esiningi, bakhetha amamitha aluhlaza - kunzima kakhulu ukuwafihla. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-strptos angatholakala emathafeni obumba.
Kuvele iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Strepta kunzima ukubala, ngoba esikhathini non-kokuzalela, ngokwemvelo izinyoni ziyizidalwa onokuthula ukucasha. Kepha abazingeli babeqondiswa izinyawo zabo - iminonjana imvamisa ishiya ukufakelwa kwensika enezinhlaka ezintathu enhlabathini emanzi.
Izidleke zezinyoni nazo zakhelwa emhlabathini, kepha izinsikazi, njengommiselo, zenza lokhu futhi kuphela ngesikhathi sokudalwa - abesilisa benza ngaphandle kwendlu yaphakade. Ukuze isidleke, insikazi Ukuvubukula umgodi futhi insulates utshani phansi lalo.
Manje uyazi lapho ihlala khona i-strep. Ake sibheke ukuthi udlani.
Yini strep badle?
Photo: Strept from the Red Book
Izinyoni azihambanga ebusuku, njengoba phakathi nosuku kuvame ukufudumala, lapho amachashazi acashe khona ezihlahleni ezimnyama. Ebusika, bangakwazi ukuphuma ebusuku, uma kakade ngempela mnyama. Abantu abahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho bakhuthele kakhulu phakathi nosuku, bedla ekuseni kakhulu futhi baphela kusihlwa.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-strepts anamahloni kakhulu - angashaywa uvalo ngemoto edlulayo noma amadlelo ezinkomo emasimini.
Izinkukhu ziyashisa omnivores, kaningi ekudleni nsuku kuhlanganisa:
- imbewu namahlumela ezitshalo,
- izimpande ezithambile
- utshani obuluhlaza,
- izimbali ezinamapholi amnandi,
- imisele, izintethe, isikhonyane,
- izibungu zezinambuzane
- bloodworms, izimvemvane.
Izinyoni zezifunda zasenyakatho zithanda ukudla kwezilwane, zingadla ngisho namawundlu amagundane asensimini namanye amagundane. Isilinganiso sezitshalo nezilwane ekudleni cishe amaphesenti angama-30 nama-70, ngokulandelana.
Isimo sabo sengqondo ukuze amanzi iyahlukahluka. Kunzima ukubekezelela ukushiyeka okuvela ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele ukubekezelela ukuntuleka kwamanzi - zihlala eduze nemifula emincane noma amachibi. Izinyoni zaseNyakatho zithola amanzi amaningi ezitshalweni, ngakho-ke azidingi ukondliwa emithonjeni yamanzi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Strept Astrakhan
IStreptos iphila impilo yasemhlabeni kuphela, yize indiza kahle. Zihamba kancane, zithatha izinyathelo ezinde, kepha ngezikhathi zobungozi ziyakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha okukhulu. Phakathi Take-off, izinyoni nazo zivamile ukwenza ukukhala ukuthi sifana uhleko noma kuzwakala; ngesikhathi indiza, nabo ngokuvamile zenze umsindo isici. Ngesikhathi sendiza, amaphiko ahanjwa ngamandla.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ama-strepts andiza ngokushesha okukhulu, athuthukisa ijubane lokufika ku-80 km / h.
Indlela yokuphila strepta ongaqhathaniswa ukuphila inkukhu zasekhaya. Bahamba emasimini beyofuna ukudla, bavame ukubheka emuva ngomsindo omncane, kepha ikhanda labo ligobe kakhulu emhlabathini ukuze babone kangcono ukudla okungenzeka.
Ama-Streptos aphethwe ngobunono noma ngababili, okuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-bustard. Kuphela phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela kungaba umuntu abone indlela streptos zihlelwe zaba ngamaqembu amancane, okuyinto futhi ngokushesha iba yingxenye yomhlabathi emva yokukhwelana.
Izinyoni zinamahloni futhi azinalo ulaka. Naphezu kwendlela yabo yokuphila (umuntu ngamunye unendawo ethile abondla kuyo) ayihambisani, kwesinye isikhathiephula imingcele yezwe.
Lapho ingozi lisondela, inyoni Likhipha screech alandisa sisuka nje. Kepha imisakazo ayindiza kude - imane icashe otshanini obude bese ilinda inyamazane ukuthi iphume, ilahlekelwe umkhondo. Lokhu kuziphatha akuzange kuthinte inani labantu be-strp hhayi ngendlela enhle kakhulu, ngoba izinja ezizingelayo zithola kalula izinyoni otshanini.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Strep abavamile
Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi benonyaka owodwa ubudala, abesilisa beneminyaka emibili. Amabhuzu ama-monogamous, yize akhiwa kuphela isikhathi sam amaphuphu akhula. Nenkathi yokukhwelana iqala ngo-Ephreli, kodwa kungenzeka kamuva uma inyoni baphila ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, intamo yowesilisa ipendiwe ngemivimbo emnyama nomhlophe - lokhu kunikwa amandla okushibilika okusheshayo. Owesilisa uqala ukukhuluma, enze imisindo ephethe izikhwama ezikhethekile esifubeni sakhe - ayakhukhumala kancane lapho ecula. abesilisa eziningana ukhetha tokuya besifazane futhi, baqala bounce engavamile ichopho amaphiko awo, kufuthwe le pharynx nezimpaphe fluff. Owesifazane ukhetha owesilisa othandwa kakhulu ngokuya ngomdanso wakhe nobuhle bezimpaphe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukuzingela izinyoni ngesikhathi sokuzalela kungenye yezinto ebezivame kakhulu - ngesikhathi sokuzalela, owesilisa endiza edansa ebangeni elifushane ukusuka emhlabathini, abe sengozini.
Ngemva kokuzalela, insikazi iqala ukuhlomisa esidlekeni: yena Ukuvubukula umgodi-10 cm ejulile futhi 20 cm ububanzi Khona izalela amaqanda 3-5, okuyinto Uyahlala uvalwe for 3-4 amasonto.. Uma i-clutch yokuqala ifa phakathi nesonto ngesizathu esithile, insikazi ibeka amaqanda amasha.
Owesilisa useduze, kepha engondli owesimame, ngakho-ke, phakathi nesikhathi sokufakwa, wehlisa kakhulu isisindo. Uma izilwane ezidla ezinye zivela eduzane, owesilisa udonsela ukunakekela kwakhe kuye futhi amholele kude. Kodwa-ke, uma umhlaseli efika ebumbeni, imvelo ayiyivumeli intokazi ukuba iphume esidlekeni, ngenxa yokufa kwayo.
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala, amaphuphu axhanyiwe aqala ukulandela umama wawo futhi azondle. Iduna seliseduze kuze kube yilapho amaphuphu ancika ngokuphelele futhi aqala ukundiza - lokhu kuthatha inyanga. Imvamisa izingane zihlala nonina ebusika bokuqala, bese ziqala impilo yokuzimela.
Izitha Zemvelo ze-Strepto
Isithombe: Izitika ngendiza
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, i-strepto ibhekene nezitha ezihlukile.
ENyakatho Afrika, yile:
Ensimini yaseRussia, i-strepto ibhekene nabahlaseli abalandelayo:
- I-Arctic fox kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezimpungushe,
- Sable, marten, mink, ezithokoziswa zombili yizinyoni ngokwazo namaqanda azo,
- i-lynx ne-wolverine
- amagundane egundane nama-hedgehogs ayakwazi ukubhubhisa izidleke zezinyoni.
Lapho ibhekene nomhlaseli, inyoni inyukela emoyeni, ikhiphe ukukhala. Akukaziwa kahle ukuthi kungani inyoni ikhipha ukukhala, ngoba imisinga ihlala kakhulu iyodwa futhi ayinaye umuntu ongayazisa mayelana nengozi. Kukholakala ukuthi imikhuba yenzeka kuzo zonke izinyoni zomndeni ophithizelayo, noma ngabe iyiphi indlela yazo yokuphila.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: bird Strep
Ukunyamalala kwayo kuhlotshaniswa nezinto eziningi:
- impumelelo ephansi yokuzalanisa. Izinyoni zivame ukuzalela amaqanda amabili ngonyaka, kepha amachwane amaningi awaphili,
- ukufa okuphezulu kwabantu abadala abavela ezitheni zemvelo,
- ukusakazwa kabanzi kwe-strepto ngesikhathi samanje,
- ukuthuthukiswa kwamasimu kanye nama-steppes - indawo yokuhlala ephambili ye-bustard. Le nyoni ayikwazi ukuhlala eduze komuntu ngenxa yomzimba wayo.
Iningi labantu be-strep njengamanje lizala ngempumelelo eSpain - ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-43071. Cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-9 bahlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu neRussia, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 babalwa eKazakhstan ngesikhathi sika-2011.
Naphezu kwamanani amakhulu, kusekhona ukwehla okukhulu kwenani lama-strptos emazweni amaningi omhlaba. UStrep wanyamalala ngokuphelele eNdiya, eRomania naseCroatia, yize inani labantu ababekulo mazwe lalake lazinza.
I-Hunter yaziswa kakhulu ngokuqina kwayo, futhi ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRussia, yayizingelwa ngenkuthalo. Manje eRussia ukuzingela kwe-streptos akuvunyelwe, yize izinhlobo zisaqhubeka zinyamalala ngenxa yalesi sizathu.
Ukuphepha Kwe-Strept
Photo: Strept from the Red Book
Lokhu okulandelayo kuphakanyisiwe njengezindlela zokonga umphakathi wesishingish:
- ukuvimba ukukhula komnotho wezolimo ezindaweni ezihlala kuyo izingcingo. Ukwanda komnotho kule ndawo kufaka phakathi ukwanda kwezinga lemishini nokufakwa kwamakhemikhali, ukubandakanyeka kokufakwa kwemali ekubumbeni, into ephazamisayo, ukucekelwa phansi kwezilimo izinyoni ezidla kuzo,
- qinisekisa ukundiza okuphephile kwezinyoni ubusika, ngoba ngesikhathi izindiza nobusika ziba nokulahleka okukhulu ngenxa yezimo zezulu kanye nokuzingela,
- ukuqinisa izinga lohlelo lwezemvelo, ukwakha isu lokugcina ukwehlukahlukana kwendalo kwemvelo,
- ukuqedwa kwesizathu sezinguquko ku-steppe ne-biotopes yasensimini - ukuqedwa kokutshala amahlathi lapho kuke kube khona i-steppe, ngoba lokhu kucekela phansi indawo yemvelo yama-strptos.
Uhlelo olwethuliwe "Ukwenza ngcono uhlelo lokuphathwa kwezindawo ezivikelekile eReppe biome yaseRussia" luhlinzeka ngokufunda ngenani nokusatshalaliswa kwezinyoni, kucatshangelwa izici zemvelo ezibalulekile kuzo ezifundeni zesifunda sase-Orenburg naseRiphabhulikhi yaseKalmykia.
Strept -Inyoni ebalulekile ekuhlelweni kwemvelo yamathagi namasimu. Ixhasa inani lezinambuzane, kufaka phakathi lezo ezilimazayo emasimini ezolimo. Ukunyamalala kwe-strepta kuzofaka ukusakazeka kwezinambuzane nokuqothulwa kwabazingeli abaningi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuzibandakanya ngobunono nesibalo sale nyoni engandile futhi enhle.
Ukubukeka kweStrept
Kusondele inkukhu enesisindo (cishe 1 kg), inyoni yokwakheka komzimba inokufanayo: isidumbu esidubulekile esinomsila omfishane, amaphiko acwebile, inhloko encane entanyeni ebukekayo. Umbala wepeni uncike ebulilini - owesilisa nowesifazane bahluke kakhulu.
Owesilisa entanyeni akagcini nje umgexo we-izimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe, kodwa ezimbili: umphezulu ophephelele, omhlophe, umi ngokungafani nesendlalelo esimnyama ngendlela yomgexo ongashisi phansi, phansi kubanzi, kufana nesikhafu.
Inyoni yeStrepto - owesilisa, isithombe
Abesifazane banobudoda, banesizotha, akukho bucwebecwebe obonakalayo emizimbeni yabo bubonakala lapho bemi noma behleli. Kepha i-flepto yesifazane endizayo ingumbala ongavamile: lapho amaphiko ayo eseluliwe, izimpaphe eziphaphazelayo ezimnyama zibukeka ngokumelene nesizinda esijwayelekile esimhlophe. Ngisho ne-strpta yabesifazane inemibala egqamile ye-orange ezungeze amehlo.
Inyoni yeStrepto - insikazi, isithombe
I-Habitat ye-bastard, izici zokuziphatha
IBashkiria, iNyakatho neCaucasus, yonke iTranscaucasia, i-Altai neKazakhstan - lolu uhlu olungaphelele lwezindawo lapho i-strepto itholakala khona eRussia. Izinyoni ezifudukayo, ama-strptos emihlambi yokugijimela ubusika aya e-India, Indochina nase-Iran.
Lapho ama-strptos edla ukudla efuna ukudla, abukeka njengezinkukhu - nazo zihamba zigijimela phansi, zigobisa amakhanda phansi, kepha noma zithathwa njengokufuna ukudla, lezi zinyoni azilahli ukuqaphela futhi, lapho zisengozini, zibaleka ngokushesha.
Umuntu ogijimayo, uyakwazi ukundiza futhi ukundiza, futhi igama langempela lenyoni laqhamuka kwisitayela sendiza yakhe. Lapho i-turp ifuna ukundiza phezulu, iqala ukushaya ikhwela futhi yenze imisindo efana nokuhleka, imvamisa amaphiko ayo.
Ntambama, lapho kushisa esigxotsheni, ama-strptos afihla ukhula noma emithini, izinyoni ziyahamba zifuna ukudla ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ama-streptots aphuza kakhulu, futhi angokwemvelo ngokokukhipha umswakama - uma kungekho zichibi eduze, angakwenza ngaphandle kwawo isikhathi eside, aqoqe amazolo otshanini.
IStrepto idla utshani, izithelo ezincane, imbewu, kepha ithanda zonke izinhlobo zezimbungulu, izibungu. Ukwelashwa kwe-strep yisikhonyane; ezindaweni zokuqothula ezisakazekile, izinkumbi zensimu ziyasebenza futhi kubangele ukulimala okukhulu kokutshala.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-Habitat
Inyoni yokuhlala yakhetha ama-steppes, amathafa avulekile namathafa ngotshani obufushane, amadlelo kanye nezindawo ezihlwanyelwe zezindunduma. Izinhlobo zidinga imifino nezindawo ezingafundwanga zokudlela isidleke.
p, blockquote 8,0,0,0,0 ->
Yiziphi izifunda ezihlala ama-streptos
p, blockquote 9,0,0,0,0 ->
Ukufuywa kwezinyoni eningizimu yeYurophu naseNyakatho ne-Afrika, eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Asia. Ebusika, inyakatho yabantu ifudukela eningizimu, izinyoni zaseningizimu ziphila impilo yokuhlala.
p, blockquote 10,0,0,0,0 ->
Izindiza zindiza kanjani
p, blockquote 11,1,0,0,0 ->
Le nyoni ihamba kancane futhi ithanda ukugijima; uma iphazamiseka, ayihambi. Uma noma kunjalo ikhuphuka, indiza ngentambo eyeluliwe, yenza amafulethi asheshe angajulile ngamaphiko agobeke kancanyana.
p, blockquote 12,0,0,0,0 ->
Zidlani izinyoni futhi ziziphatha kanjani?
UStrep udla izinambuzane ezinkulu (izimbungulu), izikhwebu zomhlaba, ama-mollusks, ama-amphibians kanye nama-invertebrates asemhlabeni, udla impahla yesitshalo, amahlumela, amaqabunga, amakhanda wezimbali nembewu. Esikhathini sesikhathi sokuzalela, ama-streptoes akha imihlambi emikhulu yokudla emasimini.
p, blockquote 13,0,0,0,0 ->
Abesilisa baheha kanjani abesifazane
IStrepto yenza amasiko ahehayo ukuheha insikazi. “Umdanso wokugxuma” kwenzeka egqumeni ngaphandle kwezimila noma endaweni encane yenhlabathi ehlanzekile.
p, blockquote 14,0,0,0,0 ->
Le nyoni iqala ngomdanso omfushane wompompi, ikhiqiza imisindo ngama-paws ayo. Ngemuva kwalokho ugxumela emoyeni cishe ngamamitha ayi-1,5 emoyeni, athi “prrt” ngekhala lakhe bese ngakolunye uhlangothi eqa amaphiko akhe ukukhiqiza umsindo obhalwe ukuthi “sissy”. Lokhu kudansa okuyisiko kuvame ukwenzeka ekuntweleni nasekuhwalweni, bese kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa, kepha umsindo wamakhala ukhulunywa ngesikhathi sasemini.
p, blockquote 15,0,0,0,0 ->
Ngesikhathi somdanso, owesilisa uvusa ibhulashi elimnyama, akhombise umdwebo omnyama nomhlophe wentamo yakhe, aphonse ikhanda emuva. Ngokugxuma, abesilisa bavula amaphiko abo amhlophe.
p, blockquote 16,0,0,1,0 ->
Abesilisa bajaha izinsikazi isikhathi eside, bevame ukuma ukuze benze imisindo futhi basule amakhanda nemizimba yabo kusuka ngapha nangapha. Ngesikhathi sokuprolwa, owesilisa ushaya kaningi ikhanda lomlingani wakhe ngoqhwaku.
p, blockquote 17,0,0,0,0,0 ->
Zenzani izinyoni ngemuva kokuzalelisa amasiko
Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngoFebhuwari kuya kuJuni. Isidleke se-Strepto iyisisekelo esingashoni emhlabathini, sifihlwe embozweni obukhulu botshani.
p, blockquote 18,0,0,0,0 ->
Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-2-6, ifakwa kumaviki amathathu. Owesilisa uhlala eduzane nendawo yezidleke. Uma umhlaseli esondela, bobabili abadala bazungelezela ngaphezu kwekhanda lakhe.
p, blockquote 19,0,0,0,0 ->
p, blockquote 20,0,0,0,0 ->
Izinkukhu zimbozwe ngemithambo ye-Downy kanye namabala amnyama. Phansi kwehla izinsuku ezingama-25-30 ngemuva kokuqokwa bese kuthathelwa indawo izimpaphe. Amakati ahlala nonina kuze kube yilapho ewa.
p, blockquote 21,0,0,0,0 ->