INutria iyinhlobo ehlukile ye-rodent oda ehlala ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika.

Abantu baletha ama-nutria e-Asia, eYurophu nase-Afrika, kepha izilwane zazihamba kahle kuphela ezindaweni ezithile zalezi zifunda.

INutria (Myocastor coypus).

INutria isilwane esithanda ukushisa esifela lapho kubanda. Lezi izinduku zitholakala ezifweni ezahlukahlukene ezithathelanayo ezifayo kuzo. Uma zanda kakhulu, zingadala ukulimala okukhulu kwemvelo, zibhubhise zonke izimila zasemanzini. Ngokubhujiswa kwezitshalo ezikhula ogwini, ugu luyawa.

AmaNutria ayizilwane eziphumayo, kulula ukuzidambisa.

Ukubukeka kwe-nutria

Ngokubukeka, i-nutria ifana ne-beaver. Kepha i-beaver inomsila osicaba futhi obanzi, kuyilapho i-nutria inomsila oyindilinga futhi omncane.

INutria ifana ne-beaver.

Ikhanda lesilwane likhulu, kepha izindlebe zalo namehlo mancane. Isizalo sibanzi ngamadevu amade. Izinwele zangaphambili zombala ophuzi-owolintshi zibonakala kahle emlonyeni. Imilenze yinde ngobude obuphakathi, izingqimba zitholakala phakathi kweminwe. Ithiphu ye-muzzle ihlanganiswe ngoboya obumhlophe. Umsila awunqunu, umbozwe ngesikhumba esikhulukazi. Lapho i-nutria ibhukuda, umsila usebenza njenge-helm.

AmaNutria anoboya obuvimbayo, obungavikeleki. Ijazi loboya linezingubo ezingaphansi. Ngasemuva, umbala umdaka onsundu, kanti ezinhlangothini uboya bumsundu ngombala okhanyayo onsundu. Ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu ibhekwa njengobuboya obugqokwa yi-nutria kusuka ekwindla kuya entwasahlobo.

Ubude bomzimba buba amasentimitha angu-40-60. Umsila mude - amasentimitha angama-30-45. I-Nutria inesisindo ngaphakathi kwamakhilogremu angama-5-9. Abesifazane banesisindo esingaphansi kwabesilisa.

I-nutria yowesifazane onengane.

Ukuziphatha Ngezakhi Zempilo Nutria

INutria ihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Izilwane zithanda amachibi namachibi anamanzi amile. Qiniseka ukuthi unenani elikhulu lezitshalo ogwini. Izilwane zikhombisa umsebenzi ebusuku.

Ukudla kwe-nutria kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo. Izilwane azidli kuphela iziqu kuphela, izimpande ziyasetshenziswa, futhi ezilimaza indawo yokuhlala. Nsuku zonke, izakhamzimba zidla ama-25% esisindo somzimba wazo.

Izinsikazi zakha izidleke eziluhlaza obukhulu lapho zizala khona izingane. Bangakwazi nokumba imigodi ogwini. INora inohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokuhamba okuningi.

AbakwaNutria bahlala emindenini yabantu abafinyelela kwabali-10. Lamaqembu aqukethe abesilisa, abesifazane nabancane. Abesilisa abatholile ukuthomba bashiya umndeni bese bephila bodwa. I-Nutria iyantshontsha futhi ibhukuda ngokuphelele. Zingaba ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eyi-8. Lawa makhulu awagcini ngokudla kwesikhathi esizayo. Izilwane azikwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni zokugcina amakhaza ebusika. AmaNutria ayizilwane ezisheshayo ezinokuzwa kahle okuthuthukile, kepha ukungaboni kahle. Ngesikhathi sokugijima, lezi izinduku zigxuma ibanga elide.

INutria iyi-herbivore.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ezinyangeni ezintathu, insikazi iba nokuthomba, futhi emadodeni ngezinyanga ezi-4. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku eziyi-130. Insikazi ingazala isuka kwengane eyodwa kuya kwayi-13. Umzimba wamawundlu embozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya, ngaphezu kwalokho, bayabona. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa nje, izingane zingadla emhlolweni nabazali bazo. Inzalo ayishiyi umama amasonto angama-7-8, bese iqala impilo ezimele.

Okunyaka, insikazi ikwazi ukukhiqiza amalitha angama-2-3. Ekuthunjweni, ama-nutria aphile iminyaka engaba ngu-6, kanti endle isikhathi sokuphila kwawo sifushane kakhulu, kuyiminyaka emithathu kuphela.

I-nutria encane.

Ubudlelwano nomuntu

Uboya be-nutria baziwa kakhulu kwezentengiselwano; kulokhu, izilwane zifuywa emapulazini akhethekile. Ngesikhathi sezinyanga eziyi-9 ukuya kwezingu-10, izilwane ziyahlatshwa. Inyama edliwayo ye-nutria, ngaphezu kwalokho, inokuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol ephansi. Kepha ngasizathu simbe, inyama yalezi zilwane ayifunwa kakhulu ngabathengi. Imvamisa ithengwa ngabampofu.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Incazelo yeRentent

Ezimweni zayo zangaphandle, i-nutria ifana ne-rat enkulu. Ubude bomzimba bama-rodent bufika kuma-60 cm, umsila ungama-45 cm ubude, isisindo se-nutria sisuka ku-5 kuye kwayi-12 kg. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesifazane.

Umzimba usindayo nekhanda elikhulu, amehlo amancane nezindlebe. Amachaphaza amfushane kunalokho. Ubuso abubuthuntu, bunama-vibrissae amade abekwe phezu kwawo. Izinsimbi zingumbala owolintshi okhanyayo.

Indlela yokuphila yasemanzini esezingeni eliphezulu inqume ezinye zezici zokwakheka kwalolu hlobo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvuleka kwamakhala kwe-natiria kunemisipha yokukhiya ekhethekile futhi kuvalwe ngokuqinile uma kunesidingo. Izindebe ezingaphambili zihlukaniswe, zivaliwe ngokuqinile ngemuva kwezinkomba, lokhu kuvumela isilwane ukuququda izitshalo ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi kulokhu kungavumeli amanzi emlonyeni waso. Izinduna zitholakala phakathi kweminwe yemilenze yangemuva. Umsila uzungeze umumo, ngaphandle kwezinwele, ingaphezulu limbozwe yisikhumba esibucayi, ngenkathi ukubhukuda umsila we-nutria kusebenza njengevili lokuqondisa. Amabhuzu ama-4-5 wezinsana ezincelisayo nezingono zitholakala phezulu ezinhlangothini zezinsikazi ze-nutria, ukuze izingane zithole ukudla ngisho nasemanzini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nutria ine fur fur engangeni manzi, equkethe ama-awns ama-coarse eside kanye ne undercoat emnyama esontekile. Ezinhlangothini, ijazi lilula, linombala ophuzi. Ngasesiswini nasezinhlangothini, sikhulu kunasemuva, ngenhloso yokugcina ukushisa emzimbeni ophansi. Ukuhlanza kubantu abadala kwenzeka kancane kancane unyaka wonke. Yehlisa ijubane ngandlela thile kuphela phakathi kwehlobo (ukusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Agasti) nasesikhathini sasebusika (kusuka ngoNovemba kuya ku-Mashi). INutria inaboya obuhle kakhulu kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi.

Izici zomsoco weNutria

INutria iyisilwane esidla imifino ikakhulukazi. Udla ama-rhizomes, isiqu, umhlanga kanye namaqabunga ama-cattery. Futhi ekudleni kwe-rodent kungumhlanga, ama-chestnut, umnduze wamanzi, namanzi abomvu. Ngezikhathi ezithile, i-nutria nayo idla ukudla kwezilwane (i-leeches, ama-mollusks), kepha kuphela ezimweni lapho kungekho khona imifino eyanele.

Ukusakazeka Kwe-Nutria

Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo ye-nutria ifaka engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNingizimu Melika, isuka eBolivia naseningizimu yeBrazil kuya eTierra del Fuego. Kamuva, lesi silwane sangeniswa futhi sangena emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika. Kepha e-Afrika, i-nutria ayizange ivunyelwe. Kwenzeka eCaucasus, Kyrgyzstan naseTajikistan. Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, ukwabiwa kwezinguquko ze-natiria ebusika. Ukwenza isibonelo, ngeminyaka yama-1980s, ubusika obandayo kakhulu bungaholela ekunyamalaleni ngokuphelele kwe-nutria eScandinavia naseNyakatho Melika.

Ukuziphatha kwe-Nutria

INutria inendlela yokuphila yasemanzini esezingeni eliphansi. Lesi silwane sihlala ezindlini ezinamanzi agobhozayo noma amile emanzini, ngasogwini lomfula olunamanzi, emachibini amachibi kanye nasezihlangwini ze-alder-sedge, lapho kukhula khona imifino yasemanzini neyasogwini lapho bezondla. AbakwaNutria bayazi ukubhukuda futhi ungene emanzini kahle. Bahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eyi-10. Kusukela ekushiseni bacasha emthunzini.

Igwema i-nutria yamahlathi aqhubekayo; ezintabeni ayiveli ngaphezu kwe-1200 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngokuvamile i-Nutria ibekezelela iqhwa liye ku-35 ° C, kodwa ngokuvamile alifanele impilo ezimweni ezibandayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi silwane asizakhi okokukhosela ezinokwethenjelwa kusuka kumakhaza nabazingeli, ngoba ubusika abukwenzi ukudla, ngokungafani ne-beaver noma i-muskrat. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nutria ayithambekele kahle ngaphansi kweqhwa, lapho icwila emgodini weqhwa, ayikwazi ukuthola indlela yokuphuma futhi ife.

Ezimweni zemvelo, i-nutria isebenza ebusuku.

AmaNutria ayimichilo yama-semi-nomadic; lapho ukudla kuningi futhi izindawo zokukhosela zitholakala, azihambeli kude. Kukhipha izithombo bese ziphumula ezidlekeni ezivulekile, ezakhiwe ngezibhakela nasemathangeni omhlanga nasekati, eziqwini zazo. Eduze namabhange asezingeni le-nutria, kuqhuma iminki, yomibili imigudu elula nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhamba. Ungabathola ezindleleni ezinyathelwa ngamagundane ezitshalweni eziseduze. INutria imvamisa ihlala emaqenjini abantu abangu-2-13, okubandakanya abesifazane abadala, inzalo nabesilisa. Abesilisa abancane bahlala bodwa ngasikhathi.

ICoypu inezindlebe ezikhule kahle, isilwane sigijima ngokushesha. Umbono nephunga akakhiwa kahle.

Ukusakazeka kweNutria

INutria iyakwazi ukuzala unyaka wonke futhi iyizilwane ezandayo. Izikhathi zokwenziwa kocansi okuphezulu kakhulu kwabesilisa ziphindwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30. Owesifazane uvame ukubonisa amalitha ama-2-3 ngonyaka ngama-cubes angama-10 lilinye, entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-127 kuye kwezingu-132. Ukukhula okunamandla kwe-nutria encane kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sezinyanga ezi-6,6. Eminyakeni engu-3-4, ukuzala kwe-nutria kuyancipha

Isikhathi sokuphila esijwayelekile se-nutria yiminyaka engu-6-8.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngegundane:

• INutria iyinto yokudoba nokuzalanisa. Isilwane sigcinwa emakhejini, siqukethe indlu ekhethekile enezinyawo nokuhamba echibini. Kusetshenziswa okuqukethwe okungenantambo emakhejini evulekile nasemoyeni. Emapulazini, i-nutria ifakwe njengombala onsundu ojwayelekile, futhi inemibala, imhlophe, imnyama, ipinki, i-beige, igolide. Isikhumba sihlatshwa sineminyaka eyi-8-9 izinyanga. I-Fur ene-eksisi ende inenani elikhulu kunayo. INutria nayo iyazalelwa ukuze ithole inyama. Inambitha okuhle futhi ibonwa njengomkhiqizo wokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nutria iyathanjiswa futhi igcinwe njengesilwane esifuywayo.
• Amapulazi okuzala okuqala kwe-nutria asungulwa ngasekupheleni kwe-XIX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XX e-Argentina. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, la makilabhu anikezwa e-United States, eYurophu nase-Asia. Futhi, ukuvuselelwa kwe-natiria kwenziwa ngempumelelo eTranscaucasia, eGeorgia naseTajikistan.
• Kwamanye amazwe, izakhamzimba zasendle ziqashelwa njengezinambuzane ngoba zidla izitshalo zasemanzini, zilimaza izinhlelo zokunisela, amadamu futhi zibukela phansi imifula yemifula.