I-Marsupial Anteater noma, njengoba livame ukubizwa ngokuthi, “nambat” libhekisa emndenini wezilwane zasolwandle ezinamabhano asebusuku.
INambat ingumqedazwe wase-Australia. I-anteater eyake yaba marsupial yayihlala cishe yonke iningizimu ye-Australia ukusuka ePacific kuya olwandle i-Indian. Kepha, ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwama-nambats yizimpungushe, anyamalala ngokuphelele ezifundeni zaseVictoria, South Australia kanye neNorthern Territory. Kuze kube manje, izidalwa ezimbili zasendle kuphela ezisindile, enye yazo ihlala eduze kwePerth, enye ihlathi laseDryandran. Kamuva, ukwehla kuyaqhubeka. Njengengxenye yohlelo lwe-Nambat Rescue Programme, ukwenziwa kabusha kwaqhutshelwa ezinqolobaneni zemvelo eziningana zase-Australia. Ubude bomzimba walesi silwane bungamasentimitha angama-27, umsila ongu-13-17 amasentimitha. Umsila we-anteater mude futhi uqukethe amandla. INambata ithathwa njengesilwane esihle ngenxa yombala wayo ongajwayelekile.
Uboya beNambat bunzima futhi bukhanya. Umbala wesilwane ongajwayelekile usivumela ukuba sisibize ngesinye sezilwane ezinhle kakhulu zaso marsupial e-Australia. Umbala wejazi uyahluka kusuka onsundu kuya kobomvu wezitini. Ngasemuva komzimba kukhona imivimbo emhlophe engu-6-12 ehlangana nezinwele ezimnyama. Esihlelweni, kusukela ekusekelweni kwendlebe kuya esweni kuze kufike encamini yempumulo, kukhona umucu omnyama. Izinwele ezisemsileni zikhulu, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi futhi lapho zihamba nesiqu somuthi, ziyaqhekeka futhi zifane nomsila we-squirrel.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-anteater inamazinyo amancane, lokhu akumvimbeli ekudleni ngokuphelele, ngoba isici esijabulisayo kakhulu se-anteater ulimi lwaso oluhlotshiswe umbungu, olunamandla okuphuma kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ubude. Ngenxa yekhono elingajwayelekile kangako lolimi nangokunamathela kwalo, i-anteater ingabamba izingulube ezingaba ngu-20. Esikhathini esiningi, i-nambat idla ama-termite ngokuqondile, kancane kancane izintuthwane.
Lezi yizilwane zomhlaba, cishe amakhilomitha ayi-1.52 endawo ngayinye yowesilisa, amaka imingcele yeziza zawo ngemfihlo enamafutha. Ngokuya ngesizini nezimo zezulu, basebenza ngezikhathi ezihlukile zosuku. Ngokuphikisana negama laso, ama-anteatter kungenzeka ukuthi adle ama-termites, kanti izintuthwane zakha ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla. Lezi yizilwane ezikhetheke kakhulu, ngakho-ke ezinye izinambuzane zingena ekudleni ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela. Bathola inyamazane ngosizo lomqondo othuthuke kakhulu. Imvamisa kakhulu babhubhisa izinkuni ezindala noma bagqekeze izifundo, bese begwinya inyamazane ngokunyakaza okusheshayo kolimi olude.
Imvamisa, insikazi ibeletha ama-2 kuya ku-4 amawundlu. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinyanga ezi-4. Amakhebuli azalwa angabi ngamasentimitha ayi-5 ubude. Kuyajabulisa futhi ukuthi i-anteatte ayinazikhwama, ngakho-ke amawundlu abambelela engubeni yomama futhi ondla obisini lukamama.
I-anteater ihlukaniswa ukuhamba kwayo kancane, kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, izwa ingozi, iyakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha futhi igxume.
Umzingeli uchitha ubusuku emgodini wakhe oseceleni, alale ubuthongo obukhulu. Kunezimo eziningi ezibucayi zabazidli, lapho abantu, kanye nokhuni olushonile, bashisa lezi zilwane bengazi, ezazingenaso isikhathi sokuvuka nokucasha engozini ngesikhathi.
Kungeniswe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu
Isizathu sokwehla okukhulu kwenani lama-marsupial anteater (noma ama-nambats), njengabameleli abaningi abavamile bezwekazi lase-Australia, ukwethulwa kwezilwane eziqhele endaweni, futhi ikakhulukazi izinyamazane, ngokubonakala kwazo ezazingakulungele.
Iqhaza elibalulekile ekuqothulweni kwama-nambats adlalwa yizimpungushe ezibomvu, izinja ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ngisho namakati. Indima ebalulekile idlalwa ngabalimi abangagcini nje ngokuhlala amahlathi komhlaba wokulima, kepha futhi bashise izilwane kugqoko lwakudala, lapho abalingisi bezilwane zasolwandle bethanda ukuhlala khona ubusuku. Muva nje, imililo yehlathi ibonakalise kakhulu. Namuhla e-Australia azikho ngaphezu kwenkulungwane yenkulungwane, futhi isibalo sazo siyaqhubeka ukwehla. Ukusindisa izilwane ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala, izindawo ezivikelwe zakhiwa lapho inani lezimpungushe nezinye izinyamazane zilawulwa khona ngokuqinile.
Kuyathakazelisa
Usuku lonke, umsebenzi wokudla okweqile we-marsupial ungaphansi kwezinto eziningi. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, ihambelana nomsebenzi wezinhlansi - ukudla kwalo okuyinhloko. Ukuvumelanisa okumangalisa kanjena kuye kwaqalwa inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-anteat yathola ulwazi lokudla olunciphile. Lesi ukuphela kwesilwane sase-Australia esidla kuphela izinambuzane zomphakathi.
Ehlobo, lapho ukushisa sekuntambama futhi amasimu engena ngokujulile emigodini yawo, ama-antetha aguqulwa abe yindlela yokuphila yesikhathi sobusuku, ebusika - kunalokho, akhuthele ngesikhathi sasemini, njengoba ama-termite ngalesi sikhathi afuna ukudla nezinto zokwakha.
Ukubukeka
Ubukhulu bale marsupial buncane: ubude bomzimba 17-27 cm, umsila 13-16 cm. Isilwane esidala sinesisindo esingu-280-550 g, abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Ikhanda le-marsupial anteater ligcotshisiwe, isizalo siyaphakama futhi sikhombe, umlomo mncane. Ulimi lwe-vermiform lungaphuma emlonyeni cishe ngu-10 cm. Amehlo makhulu, izindlebe zikhonjisiwe. Umsila mude, u-fluffy, njenge squirrel, awubambi. Imvamisa i-nambat iyibamba iqondile, nesihloko sigobe kancane. Ama-paws amafushane impela, anezikhala eziningi, ahlomile ngezindala eziqinile. Izambulela ezineminwe emi-5, izilenge ezingemuva ezine.
Izinwele zeNambat zikhulu futhi zilukhuni. INambat ingesinye sezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zase-Australia: ipendiwe ngombala onsomi noma obomvu. Ijazi elingemuva nangaphezulu kwenqalo limbozwe ngemivimbo engu-6-12 emhlophe noma kokhilimu. Ama-nambats asempumalanga anombala ofanayo kunowasentshonalanga. Umugqa omude omude ubonakala esixekweni, usuka ekhaleni uye esweni uya endlebeni. Isisu nemilenze kungombala ophuzi, ompunga.
Amazinyo e-marsupial anteatter mancane kakhulu, awanamandla futhi avame ukuba ama-asymmetric: ama-molars ngakwesokunene nangakwesobunxele angaba nobude obuhlukahlukene nobubanzi. Sekukonke, iNambat inamazinyo angama-50-52. Ulwelwesi olunzima selula kakhulu kunezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, okuyisimo sezinye izilwane "ezinde-lingual" (i-pangolins, armadillos). Abesifazane banezingono ezi-4. Akunasikhwama se-brood; kunensimu emaphakathi kuphela enezinwele ezigobile.
Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo
Ngaphambi kokuqala kobukoloniyali baseYurophu, i-nambat yayivamile eNtshonalanga naseningizimu Australia, ukusuka emngceleni weNew South Wales naseVictoria kuya ogwini loLwandlekazi i-Indian Ocean, enyakatho ifinyelela engxenyeni eseningizimu nentshonalanga ye-Northern Territory. Manje ibanga lilinganiselwe eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Western Australia. Ihlala ikakhulu emahlathini eucalyptus kanye acacia kanye nemathahlatsi lomile.
INambat idla cishe ama-termites kuphela, izintuthwane ezivamisile. Idla amanye ama-invertebrates kuphela ngengozi. Yiso kuphela lesi marsupial esidla kuphela izinambuzane zenhlalo; ekuthunjweni, i-marsupial anteater idla cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-20 zohlobo nsuku zonke. UNambat ufuna ukudla nomphunga wakhe onamandla ngokweqile. Ubumba inhlabathi ngemichilo yangaphambi kwekhanda lakhe noma aphule izinkuni ezibolile, abese ebamba amasimu ngolimi olunamathelayo. INambat iginya inyamazane ephelele noma amagobolondo amancane ahlafunayo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi silo ngesikhathi sokudla azinaki izindawo ezikuzungezile. Ngalezo zikhathi ezinjalo, lingadatshulwa noma lize lithathwe.
Njengoba izimbambo nezinzipho ze-marsupial anteater (ngokungafani namanye ama-myrmecophages - ama-echidnas, ama-anteaters, i-aardvark) zibuthakathaka futhi zingakwazi ukubekezelela isigodi esiqinile sendawo, zizingela ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku lapho izinambuzane zihamba ngemipheme engaphansi komhlaba noma ngaphansi kwamagxolo esihlahla zifuna ukudla. Umsebenzi wansuku zonke weNambat uhambisaniswa nomsebenzi wezinhlwathi kanye lokushisa okukhona. Ngakho-ke ehlobo, phakathi nosuku, inhlabathi iyafudumala kakhulu, futhi izinambuzane zijula ngaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke ama-nambats aguqula indlela yokuphila yesikhathi sobusuku, ebusika bondla kusukela ekuseni kuze kube semini, cishe amahora angama-4 ngosuku.
INambat iguge ngokuphelele, ingagibela izihlahla, lapho ingozi encane icashe khona endaweni yokukhosela. Uchitha ubusuku ezindaweni ezicashile (imisele engashoni, imigodi yezihlahla) embhedeni wamagxolo, amaqabunga notshani obomile. Ukulala kwakhe kujule kakhulu, kufana nezithombe ezilengisiwe. Kunezimo eziningi lapho abantu, kanye nokhuni olufile, bashise ngephutha ama-nambats angenasikhathi sokuvuka. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, ama-marsupial anteatter aqhubeka ngokulandelana, ahlala endaweni eyodwa engaba ngamahektare ayi-150. Njengoba ibanjiwe, i-nambat ayiluma futhi ayihliki, kepha ngequbuliso ikhala noma ikhonkotha.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwama-nambats siqala ngo-December kuya ku-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bashiya izindawo zabo zokuzingela futhi bayofuna izinsikazi, bemaka izihlahla nomhlaba ngemfihlo enamafutha, ekhiqiza indlala ekhethekile yesikhumba esifubeni.
Amawundlu amancane (10 mm ubude), amathole angaboni futhi anqunu azalwa emavikini ama-2 ngemuva kokuganiswa. Kukhona ama-2-5 ama-litre ku-udoti. Njengoba insikazi ingenayo isikhwama semifene, ilenga ezingonweni zayo, inamathele engubeni kanina. Ngokweminye imibiko, ukuzala kwenzeka emgodini omude ongu-1-2 m. Owesifazane uthwala amathole lawo esiswini cishe izinyanga ezi-4 aze afinyelele ku-4-5 cm. Ngemuva kwalokho ushiya inzalo emgodini noma emgodini ongajulile, aqhubeke nokuza ukuzondla ebusuku. Ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, ama-nambats amancane aqala ukushiya umgodi isikhashana. Ngo-Okthoba, sebeshintshela ekudleni okuxubile kwama-termite nobisi lwebele. Izilwane ezincane zihlala nonina izinyanga ezi-9, ekugcineni zimshiye ngoDisemba. Ukuthomba kwenzeka ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.
Isikhathi sokuphila (ekuthunjweni) - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6.
Isimo Sabantu Nokuvikelwa
Mayelana nentuthuko yezomnotho kanye nokuqothulwa komhlaba, inani le-marsupial anteater lehle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwesibalo saso ukufunwa kwabazingeli. Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, ama-nambats asengozini enkulu kunasemanzini aphakathi nendawo; athengwa izinyoni zezinyamazane, ama-dingo, izinja eziqanjiwe namakati, futhi ikakhulukazi izimpungushe ezibomvu, ezithi ngekhulu le-19 silethwe e-Australia. Izimpungushe ziqothule ngokuphelele inani labantu baseNambat eVictoria, South Australia kanye neNorthern Territory; basinda kuphela ngesimo sabantu ababili abancane eduze kwasePerth. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1970. ama-nambats ayengaphansi kwabantu abangu-1000.
Njengomphumela wezinyathelo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo okukhulu, ukubhujiswa kwezimpungushe nokuphinda kwenziwe kabusha ama-nambats, inani labantu lakwazi ukwanda. Inani labantu baseNambat lifakwe ngaphakathi ku-Australia Sterling Range. Kodwa-ke, lesi silo sisafakwa ohlwini lweNcwadi Elubomvu Yomhlaba wonke ngesimo "esisengozini" (Usengozini).
Amaqiniso atholakalayo ngakho konke okusemhlabeni
Imvamisa kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-4 amawundlu azalwa phakathi kukaJanuwari noMeyi. Izithombo eziyizinyanga ezi-6 zigcinwe kowesifazane uvolo. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukwakha ikhaya. Umama wondla izingane ebusuku. Ekwindla baqala ukuhlola umhlaba ongaphandle kwesiphephelo. NgoDisemba, iwundlu lishiya umama kanye nomgodi. Lawa wonke ayengamaqiniso ajabulisayo ngama-nambats esakwazi ukuwaqoqa.
Incazelo yeNambat
Ubude besilwane buqala ngamasentimitha ayi-17 kuye kwangama-27, kanti umsila unobude obungamasentimitha ayi-13 kuya kwayi-17. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Isisindo sesilwane esisodwa singasukela ku-270 kuya ku-550 amagremu. Ukuthomba kutholakala eminyakeni eyi-11 izinyanga.
Ijazi labamele abomndeni we-marsupial anteater limfushane, kodwa likhulu futhi liqinile. Umbala ungwevu, ubomvu ngezinwele ezimhlophe. Imidwebo emhlophe eyi-8 idonswa emuva. Ngokuphathelene nomzimba, izilwane zinomsila omude kakhulu futhi oqinile. Ikhala eliphakeme le-bony lihunyushwa ukumba umhlaba ufuna ukudla. Ulimi olunamathele olude luyisicupho esihle sezintaba zakho eziyizintandokazi.
I-marsupial anteater ihola impilo yansuku zonke, kuthi ngemuva kwesidlo sasemini esithandekayo ithande ukulala - thambisa ilanga. Izithombe ezihlekisayo kakhulu zokumbuka: elele emhlane ngemilenze eyeluliwe nolimi oluvelelayo, unenjabulo.
Ekushiseni ngokweqile, kufihla phakathi kwamahlamvu noma isihlahla somthi. Unobuthongo obukhulu kangangokuba uma umbamba ngezingalo, angavuki. Njengoba engasiphaphamisi kangako, uzibeka engcupheni yokufa budedengu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngomlilo wasehlathini, onqabile kakhulu endaweni okuhlala kuyo. Ama-nambats athambile ayashabalala ngomlilo, angabi nesikhathi sokuvuka ngesikhathi.
Indawo yokuhlala yezilwane yaseMarsupial
Futhi ahlala kuphi ama-anteat marsupial? Singawuphendula lo mbuzo ngezansi.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, inani labantu laligcwele entshonalanga naseningizimu Australia. Kepha emva kokuqothuka kwamazwe aseYurophu ezwenikazi, lezi zilwane zancishiswa kakhulu. Futhi abaningi babo bagcina i-areola yendawo yabo yokuhlala engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwekazi eucalyptus, amahlathi acacia kanye namahlathi akhanyayo.
Le ndlela yokukhetha i-marsupial anteatte akuyona ngengozi: amaqabunga eucalyptus ashayiswa amasimu aphonswa phansi. Futhi lokhu kungukudla kwakhe (ngesimo sokwetha) nokukhosela emaqabungeni esihlahla. Kungabonakala kugijima emhlabatsini noma kuhamba ngekushesha. Ngezikhathi ezithile, umi emilenzeni yakhe yangemuva ukubheka lapho ephephile. Uma ibona inyoni edla inyama esibhakabhakeni, izoshesha ukucasha kuyo.
Izithombe zesilwane esidla izindwani lapho sihlola indawo lapho kukhona khona inyamazane isiza ukucabanga ukuthi sinjani lesi silwane.
Ukudla kwezilwane
I-marsupial anteater idla izinambuzane, ukudla kwayo okuthandayo kungamasimu noma izintuthwane, izinambuzane ezinkulu. Ngenxa yomqondo wayo omnandi wokuhogela, ungakuthola ukudla kwawo kungaphansi komhlaba noma amaqabunga. Uma kunesidingo, angaphendukela kosizo lwezingubo zakhe ezinamandla ukuze adlule ngokhuni aye kulokho akuthandayo.
UMurasheed unolimi olude olungakhipha amasentimitha ayi-10 ubude. Ulimi, njengoVelcro, lubamba inyamazane yalo. Lapho ubamba, amatshe amatshe amancane, umhlaba noma ezinye izinto zingase zihlangane nolimi. Ugwinya konke lokhu amahlandla ambalwa emlonyeni wakhe, bese ukugwinya.
Yini ephawuleka, amazinyo esilwane mancane futhi abuthakathaka. Zinejamo le-asymmetric futhi zingaba nobude obuhlukile ngisho nobubanzi. Amazinyo acishe abe yizicucu ezingama-50-52. Ulwanga olunzima luqala ngaphezu kwezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo. Kepha lesi sici sihlobene nobude bolimi lwakhe.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-marsupial anteatre
- U-Murashed akasona nje isilwane esingajwayelekile sase-Australia, kodwa futhi uhlukile. Uvukile phakathi kwemini futhi alale ebusuku, okungajwayelekile kubantu abasemzini.
- Uma ukwazile ukubamba isilwane, khona-ke ngeke kukhombise ukumelana, ngokungafani nabanye abamele izwe lesilwane. Kepha uzakuhlonishwa ngokumangala, okufakazele ukungoneliseki kwakhe nokuthokoza kwakhe.
- Ulimi lwe-marsupial yase-Australia inesimo se-cylindrical, okungeyona ejwayelekile kwizilwane ezincelisayo, futhi nobude obungamasentimitha ayi-10, acishe abe yingxenye yobude bomzimba.
- I-marsupial anteater idla inani eliqoshiwe lama-termites ngosuku - izingcezu ezingama-20,000.
- Ukulala kwakhe kujule kakhulu futhi kuqinile kangangokuba kungaqhathaniswa kuphela nokugqwayiza okumisiwe. Ukumsusa cishe akunakwenzeka.
- Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala emhlabeni, lokhu kungukuphela kokumelela ngenani elikhulu lamazinyo - izingcezu ezingama-52. Futhi lokhu yize iqiniso lokuthi cishe akazisebenzisi, akhetha ukugwinya ukudla.
Isimo sesilwane nokuvikelwa kwaso
Ngenxa yokuthi isibalo esikhulu sezimpungushe, izinja ezihlaselayo namakati ziye zavela lapho kuhlala khona izilwanyana zasendle ezinolwandle, futhi izinyoni ezidla izindiza azilahli ukuqaphela kwazo, inani le-nambat lehlile kakhulu. Lokhu kudalwe ikakhulukazi ukufika kwezimpungushe ezibomvu ezwekazini ngekhulu le-19. Ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-70 yekhulu lokugcina engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Australia neNyakatho Ntshonalanga, kwakukhona abantu abangaba yinkulungwane kuphela.
Futhi, ukwanda kwemisebenzi yezolimo yabantu kuthinte ukunyamalala kwe-marsupial anteater. AmaLumberjacks nabalimi bashise amagatsha awomile, amagatsha nezinsalela zezihlahla ezigawulweyo. Ngenxa yalokhu, abaningi abadla ama-goose-kula magatsha namakhambi bashiswa ngenxa yobudedengu babantu.
Njengamanje, usayizi wabantu ugcinwa ngokungemthetho, okuvumela ukwandisa nokugcina lezi zilwane.
Isikhathi sokuphila sesilwane sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-4-6.
INambat isilwane esisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu, sinesimo esithi "abasengozini", okungukuthi, esondele ekuqothulweni.
Ekuphetheni ngesilwane esimangalisayo
Namuhla kwenzeka ukuba sijwayelane nesilwane esiyingqayizivele esivela ezwekazini lase-Australia - izilwane zasolwandle ezihlala ngasolwandle. Lesi yisilwane esithandekayo ngokuya ngokubukwa. Akunamandla olaka nokuzivikela. Ukuthola imininingwane ngesimo sakhe seNcwadi ebomvu, ngokungangabazeki, kufanelekile ukuphatha lesi silwane esihle ngokunakwa nokunakekelwa. Ukusindisa izimpilo zezilwane zeRed Book kuyinto eza kuqala kubantu.
I-Marsupial Anteater - Inombolo
i-marsupial anteater | |
---|---|
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | |
Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Isigaba: | izilwane ezincelisayo |
ipraclass: | Marsupialia |
Oda: | abahlali abathandanayo |
Umndeni: | I-Myrmecobiidae E-Waterhouse, ngo-1841 |
Ubulili: | I-Myrmecobius |
Ukubukwa: | |
Igama likabhontshisi | |
I-Myrmecobius fasciatus | |
subspecies | |
| |
I-Marsupial Anteater Range (oluhlaza - okomdabu, opinki - ophindaphindekayo) |
I-Marsupial Anteater ( noombat ) noma i-walpurti ( I-Myrmecobius fasciatus ), ungowokudabuka e-marsupial ongavikeleki eNtshonalanga Australia futhi osanda kwenziwa kabusha eSouth Australia. Ukudla kwakhe kuqukethe cishe amasimu kuphela. Lapho sekusabalale yonke indawo eseningizimu ye-Australia, ibanga lakhona lilinganiselwe kumakholoni amancane amancane, futhi libhalwe njengohlobo olusengozini yokuphela. I-marsupial anteater iwuphawu lweNtshonalanga Australia futhi ivikelwe ngezinhlelo zokongiwa kwemvelo.
Ezentela
I-Marsupial anteater I-Myrmecobius ukuphela kwelungu lomndeni I-Myrmecobiidae , omunye wemindeni emine eyakha i-oda lezilwane zasendle ezihlukumezanayo, umhlaseli wezilwane wase-Australia.
Uhlobo aluhlobene eduze nezinye izilwane zasolwandle, ukuhleleka kwamanje kwezilwane zasolwandle ezidla ngokuhlala kubeka umkhaya wakubo onezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasendle. Ubudlelwano obusondelene ne-tulsin enyamalalayo, obuqukethwe ngokulandelana okufanayo, buhlongoziwe. Ucwaningo lofuzo selukhombisile ukuthi okhokho bezilwane zasolwandle eziqubuka kwamanye amazwe baphambuka kwezinye izithandani eziphakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-32 nezingu-42 ezedlule, ngasekupheleni kwe-Eocene.
Kuqashelwa izindlela ezimbili ezingaphansi, kepha eyodwa yazo, i-anteater egqwala usawoti ( M. f. URufus ), ubengasekho, ngoba okungenani ngonyaka we-1960, futhi okuyi-subspecies kuphela ( M. f. Fasciatus ) uhlala ephila. Njengoba igama libonisa, kuthiwa i-anteater egqwala ubomvu yayinejazi elibomvu ukwedlula izinkampani ezisaphilayo. Linani elincane kakhulu lamasampula ezinsalela eyaziwa ngokuthi indala, eyasungulwa emuva kwi-Pleistocene, futhi akukho zinto zokumbiwa okuvela kwezinye izinhlobo ezivela emndenini owodwa ezisatholakele.
† I-Thylacinus (i-tulsin)
I-Myrmecobius (i-marsupial anteater)
I-Sminthopsis (dunnarts)
Phascogale (abambeli)
I-Dasyurus (amaqaqa)
Amagama ajwayelekile abolekwe kumagama eza kithi ngesikhathi sekoloni lamaNgisi, i-marsupial anteater , kusuka olimini lweNyungar eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Australia, futhi i-walpurti , igama ngolimi lwasePitjantjatjara. Ukupelwa kanye nokuphinyiselwa kwegama elithi Nyungar kulawulwa ngokuya ngocwaningo lwemithombo eshicilelwe kanye nokubonisana kwanamuhla okuholele egameni noombat kuthiwa noom'bat. Amanye amagama afaka i-anteater enemichilo ne-marsupial anteater.
Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Amanamba phambilini asatshalaliswa kabanzi eningizimu ye-Australia, kusuka eNtshonalanga Australia kuya enyakatho nentshonalanga yeNew South Wales. Kodwa-ke, uhla lwazo lwehle kakhulu ngemuva kokufika kwabaseYurophu, futhi izinhlobo zazo zasinda ezindaweni ezimbili ezincane zomhlaba eDryandra Woodland nasePerup Nature Reserve, njengaseNtshonalanga Australia. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, nokho, ibuyiselwe ngempumelelo kwizindawo ezivikelwe ngokuqinile, kufaka phakathi ezinye eziseNingizimu Australia (Yookamurra Sancwele) naseNew South Wales (eScotland Sancwele).
Namuhla izibalo zitholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezinamahlathi eucalyptus, kepha zaziphinde zabhebhetheka kwezinye izinhlobo zamahlathi angeneme, iSpinifex amadlelo, nezindunduma zanda endaweni.
I-ecology nokuziphatha
Amanothi angama-unsoftivores futhi adla ukudla okukhethekile kwesimu. I-anteat ezindala idinga ama-termites angama-20,000 nsuku zonke. Njengoba i-marsupial isebenza ngokugcwele phakathi nosuku, i-marsupial anteater ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi ifuna ama-termite. Ubadonsa emhlabeni oxegayo ngezihlakala zangaphambili futhi ubabambe ngolimi olude olunamathelayo. Naphezu kwegama lezinyamazane, kubonakala sengathi inyamazane ayizidlanga ngenhloso izintuthwane, yize izinsalela zezintuthwane kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala endaweni yezinyamazane ezindle ngendle, ziyizilwane ezifuywayo uqobo ezizingela abazingeli, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi zidliwe ngengozi, kanye nokudla okuyinhloko. Izidakamizwa ezidumile ezinambeni zifaka i-python rug Ama-Morelia spilota imbricata ukwethula i-fox ebomvu, kanye ne-falcon ehlukahlukene, i-hawk kanye ne-ukhozi.
Izinombolo zabantu abadala ziba zodwa futhi ziyindawo, umuntu wesilisa noma owesimame usungula indawo efinyelela kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-1.5 (amahektare angama-370) ekuqaleni kwempilo, futhi ayivikele kwabanye ubulili obufanayo. Isilwane, njengokomthetho, sihlala kule ndawo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izindawo zabesilisa nabesifazane zichithana, futhi ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, abesilisa badlula emabangeni abo ajwayelekile ekhaya ukuthola owesilisa.
Ngenkathi i-marsupial anteats inezinhlaka zayo ezinamandla ngosayizi wayo, ayinamandla ngokwanele ukuthola amashubhu ngaphakathi kwezindunduma ezithile zayo ezifanayo, ngakho-ke kufanele ilinde kuze kube yilapho ithemu lisebenza. Kusebenzisa umuzwa wokuphunga owakhiwe kahle ukuthola izithambo ezincane kakhulu futhi ezingabanjiswanga ezingaphansi komhlaba ezihlose ukwakha phakathi kwesidleke nezindawo ezondlayo kuzo, zivame ukuba ibanga nje elifushane ukusuka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, futhi futhi zisengozini yokuguguleka kwezinsimbi zokumbamba ze-marsupial.
I-marsupial anteater ivumelanisa usuku lwayo nomsebenzi we-termite, okuncike emazingeni okushisa: ebusika, idla kusukela ntambama kuze kube semini, ehlobo ivuka ngenhla, iphephe ekuphakameni kosuku, futhi iphinde ikhonze ekugcineni kosuku.
Ebusuku, i-marsupial anteater ibuyela esidlekeni, esingaba ugodo noma imbobo yesihlahla, noma iminkin, imvamisa umugqa omncane omude ongu-1-2 m ophela egumbini eliyindilinga elihlanganiswe nezinto zesitshalo ezithambile: utshani, amaqabunga, izimbali kanye amagxolo aqhekekile. I-marsupial anteater iyakwazi ukuvimba ukuvula isidleke sayo, nesicucu esinyene sesinqe saso, ukuvimbela umhlaseli ukuba angakwazi ukungena kwi-mink. Amanombolo anemisindo embalwa yokuqanjwa, kodwa kubikwa ukuthi ayamemeza, ayabubula, noma enze umsindo wokuphindaphinda uma uphukile.
Ukuzala
AmaNtsats azala ngoFebhuwari nangoMashi (ekupheleni kwehlobo lase-Antarctic>, ngokuvamile akhiqiza udoti owodwa ngonyaka. Bayakwazi ukukhiqiza okwesibili uma kuqala ukulahleka. Ukuzala kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-15, futhi kuholele ekuzalweni kwezingane ezine. Ngokungajwayelekile phakathi kwabashadikazi, inani labesifazane alizenzi ube nesikhwama, yize izingono ezine zivikelwe isichibi esikhubazekile, izinwele zegolide nokuvuvukala esiswini nezinkalo eziseduze ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa.
Amancanyana angu-2 cm (0.79 amayintshi) ubude ngokuzalwa. Zikhwela ngokushesha ezingonyeni futhi azihlali zinamathele kuze kube kuphela uJulayi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ngaleso sikhathi sezikhulile zafika ku-7.5 cm (3.0 inches). Zingamasentimitha amathathu ubude (1,2 inches), lapho ziqala ukukhula ngoboya, ukwakheka komuntu omdala kuqala ukubonakala lapho nje efika ku-5.5 cm (2.2 inches). Amakati ashiywe esidlekeni noma athwelwe emuva kukamama ngemuva kokulunyulwa; azimele ngokuphelele kusukela ngoNovemba. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi ehlobo elizayo, kodwa abesilisa abafiki ukuvuthwa komunye unyaka.
Isimo sokuLondolozwa
Ngaphambi kobukoloniyali baseYurophu, kwatholakala indawo yezilwane emangelengele enophephela emindeneni eminingi isuka eNew South Wales kanye nomngcele weVictorian entshonalanga nolwandle i-Indian Ocean, nokuthi kude kangakanani nenyakatho entshonalanga neNyakatho Ntshonalanga. Wayeyikhaya enhlobonhlobo yamahlathi nezindawo zokuhlala ezomile. Ukukhishwa ngamabomu kwe-fox yase-Europe ngekhulu le-19, kodwa-ke, kwacekela phansi bonke abantu base-marsupial anteatates eVictoria, New South Wales, South Australia naseNyakatho neTerritory, futhi cishe nabo bonke abantu baseNtshonalanga Australia. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1970, inani labantu lase limi kahle kubantu abayi-1 000 ababegxile ezindaweni ezimbili ezincane, ngasePerth, eDryandra nasePerup.
Ukuqoshwa kokuqala kwezinhlobo zezilwane kumchaza njengento enhle, ukunxenxa kwakhe kuholele ekukhetheni kwakhe njengophawu lwezwe lase-Western Australia futhi kwaqala umzamo wokumsindisa ekuqothulweni.
Izilwane ezimbili zasentshonalanga zase-Australia ngokusobala zazikwazi ukusinda, ngoba zombili lezi zindawo zinamagogo amaningi angenalutho angasebenza njengezindawo zokukhosela ezilwaneni ezidla lubi. Ukuba yimini, i-marsupial anteater isengozini enkulu kakhulu yezilwane ezidla lazo kunamanye ama-marsupi asayizi ofanayo: Izilwane ezidla imvelo zifaka okhozi, i-goshawk nsundu, ikhola kestrel, kanye ne-python ekhaphethi. Ngenkathi uhulumeni waseWestern Australia ethula uhlelo lokushayela i-fox-baiting ku-Dryandra (enye yezindawo ezimbili ezisele), ukubonwa kwezilwane zasolwandle okwenzeka ngasolwandle kwanda ngamashumi amane nantathu.
Ucwaningo olunzulu kanye nokulondolozwa kohlelo kusukela ngo-1980 luphumelele ukwandisa inani labantu abaphila ngezilwane ezincelisayo, futhi ukwenziwa kabusha ezindaweni ezinama-fox sekuqalile. IPerth Zoo ikhuthele kakhulu ekuzaleni le nhlobo yomdabu ekudingisweni ukuze ikhululwe endle. Naphezu kwezinga elikhuthazayo lokuphumelela kuze kube manje, i-marsupial anteater ihlala iyingozi enkulu yokuqothulwa futhi ihlukaniswa njengohlobo olusengozini yokuphela.
Kusukela ngo-2006, amavolontiya eprojekthi yezilwane zasolwandle esezisolwandle asiza ekusindiseni i-antenate yasolwandle ekuqothulweni. Enye yezinhloso eziphambili zephrojekthi iyi-anteater marsupial ukukhulisa imali yokulondoloza nokwazisa ngokwazisa ngamaphrojekthi ngokusebenzisa izethulo ngamavolontiya ezikoleni, amaqembu omphakathi, kanye nemicimbi.
Amanamba angabuyiselwa ngokuphumelelayo ezindaweni zobubanzi bawo bangaphambili uma evikelwe kwizilwane ezidla ngokweqile.
Amarekhodi okuqala
I-marsupial anteater yaba yeyokuqala ukwaziwa ngabantu baseYurophu ngo-1831. Yatholakala ephathini yokuhlola isimo sendalo, yahlola i-Avon Valley ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaRobert Dale. UGeorge Fletcher Moore, owayeyilungu lalolu hambo, wakhuluma ngalokhu okwatholwa:
“Ngabona isilwane esihle, kodwa ukuthi sasihamba kanjani emgodini wesihlahla, angikwazanga ukuthola ukuthi kwakuyinhlobo yesikwele, i-weasel noma ikati yasendle. "
nangosuku olulandelayo:
"Ujaha esinye isilwane, ngokwesibonelo, babalekela kithi izolo, emgodini lapho simbambe khona, ngobude bolimi nezinye izimo, sicabanga ukuthi lo mbala umbala wakhe uphuzi, unqatshelwe ngemivimbo emnyama nomhlophe nxazonke zokuvimba umhlane. Ubude bawo buba ngamasentimitha ayishumi nambili. "
Ukuhlukaniswa kokuqala kwezimonyo kushicilelwe nguGeorge Robert Waterhouse, echaza izinhlobo ngo-1836 nomndeni ngo-1841 I-Myrmecobius fasciatus wafakwa engxenyeni yokuqala kaJohn Gould's Izinsikazi zase-Australia , ekhishwe ngo-1845, ipuleti libhalwe nguHC Richter, libonisa imibono.