Izilwane emndenini wazo zincane noma zilingana. Ubude bomzimba kusukela ekugcineni kwesizalo kuya empandeni yomsila busuka ku-94 kuya ku-115 cm, ukuphakama lapho kubuna kusuka ku-67 kuye kuma-80 cm. Isisindo esikhona sobudoda sisuka ku-29 siye ku-33 kg, izinsikazi zisuka ku-24 ziye ku-29 kg. Ubude obuphambili beswazi busuka ku-165 kuye ku-205 mm. Lesi sakhiwo sincane futhi sikhanya kakhulu. Umzimba omfushane, omfishane uphumula emilenzeni emide, emincane. Ukuphakama kwama-gazelles lapho ebuna ngokuvamile kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kokhwathi lwe-oblium. Ikhanda likhanya ngesigaxa esikhombe. Isindebe esingaphezulu simbozwe izinwele, kuphela umucu omncane wesikhumba esimnyama ongenalutho phakathi kwamakhona angaphansi emakhaleni ahlala esibukweni samakhala. Ubumba bamehlo buvele bube mude obude, cishe buyindilinga. Iris imnyama nsundu. Izindlebe zama-gazelles wobude obuphakathi, cishe ngo-12-16 cm, ngezeluleko ezikhomba.
Izimpondo zama-gazelles, njengomthetho, zitholakala kuphela emadodeni anobude obungamasentimitha angama-27 kuya kwangama-41. Ngezisekelo zazo, zitholakala cishe ngokuphelele ngaphezu kwamehlo. Ukwakheka kwezimpondo ngokuvamisile kwakhiwa ngendlela eyi-lyre. Ezisekelweni zilethwa ndawonye, imvamisa icishe ifane, kepha ngokushesha ziphambukela ngokuqinile ezinhlangothini ngasikhathi sinye i-arc emuva, nangama-vertices awo ngaphakathi nangaphambili. Umbala wezimpondo umnyama-nsundu noma mpunga. Ingaphezulu lesembozo sophondo lwegiya liqukethe inani elikhulu le-transverse, elithuthukisiwe ngaphezulu ohlangothini lwezindandatho, phansi kwezimpondo izindandatho zitholakala zisondelene, phakathi nendawo kuya eziqongweni kuyaqabukela. Imikhawulo egobile yezimpondo ingama-8-9 cm ukusuka eziqongweni abushelelezi. Njengokuhlukile, izinsikazi nazo zinezimpondo, kepha azikho ngaphezu kuka-5 cm ubude.
Intamo yinde futhi incane. Ngasohlangothini lwayo olungezansi, abesilisa nabesilisa ngokusobala bane-larynx. Izinyawo zinciphile. Amadevu amade kodwa amancanyana, anamathiphu akhombe kakhulu. Ubude bezinselo zangaphambili zingama-49- 596 mm, izinselo ezingemuva zingaphansi kuka-1-6 mm. Ukuphakama kwempuphu yangaphambili eceleni komphetho kungama-28- 35 mm, izinselo ezingemuva zivame ukuba ngu-2-3 mm kancane, zivame ukulingana noma zingaphansi kwezangaphambili. Amaqhubu amancane ongezekile, angama-10-12 mm ubude, atholakala phezulu ngaphezu kwemvuthuluka yamaduna yeminwe ephakathi. Umsila, uma uqhathaniswa ne-zen, mude, kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-25 cm, futhi ngezinwele kufika ku-30 cm, unezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu kusuka ezansi kusuka phansi kuya phansi.
I-hairline, eqhathaniswa, ngokwesibonelo, enezimbuzi zasendle futhi ikakhulukazi inyamazane, ithambile futhi ibenwebekile, kodwa isabukeka ezinsikeni zezinwele. Akukho ukwahlukanisa okucacile phakathi kwezinwele ezingaphansi kanye ne-undercoat. Uboya obusebusika bukhulu futhi bukhulu, ubude bezinwele emhlane bufika ku-4-5 cm. Ehlobo, izinwele zinciphile futhi zimfushane, zingama-1-1.5 cm kuphela ekhanda, ngaphandle kwebunzi, kanye nemilenze yezinwele, ihlala imfishane, ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile esikhunjeni. Esiswini, kunalokho, kusebusika. Izinsikazi zinezimfoloko ezincane zezinwele eziphakeme esikhundleni sezimpondo. Izinwele ezihlukanisiwe zomzimba ophezulu nentamo ukusuka ezisekelweni kukhanya okukhanyayo noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kumnyama ngaphezulu, futhi kuphuzi kuya eziqongweni. Amaphethelo wezinwele mncane, akhonjisiwe (uma engahlukwanga), ansundu, acishe abe mnyama. Izinwele ezindaweni ezinombala okhanyayo kusuka ezisekelweni kuya eziqongweni zimhlophe, futhi emsileni kukhona nsundu.
Umbala ojwayelekile we-torso engenhla nentamo yohlaza golide unesihlabathi esimpunga futhi siphuzi. Umbala wangemuva ojwayelekile unamathiselwe ezingxenyeni zezinwele ezi-apical. Ezinhlangothini zomzimba, emngceleni onombala omhlophe wesisu, umucu wezinwele ezimnyama, ezinsundu ezeluleke kancane ngaphezu kwesihlanganisi namadolo. Imidwebo efanayo yomdweshu ezinhlangothini isibuko esimhlophe esiseduze nomsila. Lesi sakamuva asihambi ngaphezu kwesisekelo somsila. Umsila unsundu omnyama, omude kunezinye izingxenye zesiqu, kanye nezinwele ezihlanganayo, eziqoqwe ohlangothini lwayo olungaphezulu ngendlela yokumelana. Izinhlangothi ezingaphambili nezangaphandle zemilenze zivame ukuba yi-monochromatic ngomzimba, kepha izindawo ezingasohlangothini lwangaphambili zingaphezulu kwenselo (ngokuzungeza kwemithambo ye-interdigital), futhi futhi ingemuva lezinselo ezinkulu nombala wombala omnyama onsundu. Isisu, ngaphansi kwesifuba, intamo nangaphakathi kwemilenze kumhlophe.
Ukuhlala nokusatshalaliswa kwama-gazelles
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kolwazi ngokwahluka kwamathambo phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-subgenus Gazella s. str., isikhathi esiqondile sokuvela kwe-G. subgutturosa enkundleni yemvelo kunzima ukunquma. Kepha, ukwahlulela ngenqwaba yokutholakele eYurophu naseChina, eduze nefomu lesimanje bekuhlala ngaphakathi engxenyeni yesibili yePliocene. Ezindaweni eziphansi zaseQuaternary, izinsalela zalolu hlobo ziyaziwa, ngaphandle kwezindawo zokusatshalaliswa kwanamuhla, kuphela ezinhlanzini zezindawo zePaleolithic zaseTransbaikalia.
Uhlobo lwanamuhla lwalezi zinhlobo luhlanganisa iTranscaucasia, iNtshonalanga, iCentral kanye ne-Asia Ephakathi - i-Iran, Afghanistan (okungenzeka iyingxenye yePakistan), iDzungaria, iGobi, iTibet esenyakatho, i-Alashan ne-Ordos. Ngaphakathi kweYurophu, amagazethi njengamanje asatshalaliswa empumalanga yeTranscaucasia, kanye nasezindaweni eziwugwadule nezindawo ezingasogwadule zamazwe ase-Central Asia republic (iTurkmen, Uzbek, Tajik, Kyrgyz) neKazakhstan.
I-Geyran Biology
Yize amantshontsho eyisilo esivamile ezindaweni eziningi, i-biology yayo ingafundwanga ngokwanele, futhi imininingwane iyaphikisana kwezinye izici zendlela yokuphila.
Sekukonke, amagazili angummeleli ojwayelekile wezilwane eziwugwadule nezindawo eziwugwadule. Ihlala cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zogwadule kanye nama-semi-desertia ase-Asia. Izindawo ezihlalwa kakhulu kulezi ziwugwadule-umfula-solyanka, umhlonyane kanye nogwadule oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izindawo ezinkulu zokwabiwa kwama-gazelle amathafa avulekile, kepha, ngokungafani nezinye izithombana ezimbili zase-Eshiya - i-dzeren ne-saiga, le nhlobo ivumelana kalula nezindawo ezimangele, futhi kwezinye izimo zinikeza ukukhetha okucacile ezingxenyeni ezivaliwe zezindawo.
ETranscaucasia, Kazakhstan, kanye neCentral Asia, amagagasi awagcini nje amathafa avulekile, amathafa amnene omgwaqo, kodwa nezigodi zezintaba.
Umkhawulo wokusabalalisa okuthe mpo awubekwanga ukuphakama kwesimo ngokwayo, kodwa ngesimo sezitshalo ezihambisana nakho nokusiza. Izintaba eziphakeme nezindawo ezinamadwala, ngisho nezintaba eziphansi, amagagasi, angavumelaniswa nokuhamba kulezi zimo, kugwenywa ngokucophelela.
Indlela yokuphila yaseGeorgan
Ama-Dzheyrany ahlala ebumbeni nasemadwaleni, naseziwadule ezinesihlabathi, kepha athanda izindawo ezinomhlabathi ominyene. Kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ehlobo, izindunduma ezihleliwe ngokuphelele nesihlabathi, kanye nezindawo ezivulekile ezinomhlabathi onamatye kakhulu. Iziteshi eziyizintandokazi, ngokusho kombhali wokugcina, zinesihlabathi esimisiwe esinama-shrubbery, kanye namahlumela angajwayelekile we-saxaul, ahlinzeka ngokuvikela ekushiseni nakwezulu ngenkathi ebandayo. Noma kunjalo, kugwenywa zombili izihlahlana eziminyene namathanga ama-saxaul gazelles, mhlawumbe avela emvelweni wokuphepha. Ehlobo, amafulethi kasawoti ayavakashela.
Empumalanga yeAzerbaijan, ehlobo, zigcinwa ezindaweni ezingamatshe amatshe anqabile, lapho, ngenxa yobukhona bezimila ezahlukahlukene, zinikezwa kangcono ifood green eluhlaza (Vereshchagin, 1939). Amasayithi ogwadule olunesihlabathi ngokuvamile asebenza njengezindawo zokuhlala ebusika, lapho inhlabathi iba ndawonye.
Umjikelezo wezinsuku zonke wama-gazelles awunzima. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi yizilwane zasemini. Kepha ngama-moonlit, nobusuku obuqhakazile, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho mibandela yoklaba kuthule ngesikhathi sasemini, ayaphuma ayokondla ebusuku. Imvamisa baphumula ebusuku, badla ehlobo kusuka ekuntweleni kuze kube yi-10 - Futhi amahora futhi kusuka emahoreni angama-17-18 ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga futhi isikhathi eside. Esikhathini esishisayo sosuku amanga futhi uhlafuna izinsini. Izindawo zokubekwa, njengomthetho, zikhethwa emthunzini: ngaphansi kweleya esigodini noma emfuleni owomile, emthunzini wesihlahla. Uma kungekho ndawo yokukhosela enomthunzi, atholakala endaweni evulekile, enomoya.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, amazinyo agxila usuku lonke, ayeka kuphela uklaba okwesikhashana ukuthola ukuphumula nokuhlafuna insini. Imvamisa baya emgodini wokunisela lapho kusa futhi ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga noma kusihlwa. Ekushiseni, izindawo zokunisela zivame ukuhanjelwa phakathi nosuku. Izindawo zokunisela zivame noma zincane. Njengoba inani lezindawo ezifanele ukuphuza ogwadle lilinganiselwe, inani elikhulu lezilwane livame ukubuthana ezindaweni zokuphuza.
Ukudla kweGeorgan
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-gazelles izitshalo ze-herbaceous ezikhula ezindaweni zokuhlala. Imvamisa lezi yizinhlobo zamafoloko ne-hodgepodge, kepha kwezinye izimo kukhona ukukhetha okungabazeki kokuqalwa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo zokudla. Ngakho-ke, ku-Milko-Karabakh steppe xerophytic okusanhlamvu kukudla okuthandayo. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeTurkmenistan, kanye nomhlonyane, i-bluegrass kanye ne-seedgrass kudliwa kalula. EMongolia, ngokusho kuka-A.G. Bannikov (1954), wezinhlobo eziyi-13 zezitshalo ezidliwe amagezi, isisekelo sokudla empeleni sine kuphela: izimpaphe ze-goender (Stipa gobica Roshev.), IBaglour (Anabasis brevifolia C. AM), i-anyanisi yaseMongolia ( I-Allium mongolicum Regel) ne-halogen (Halogeton sp.), Ngenkathi umhlonyane, okungenani ehlobo, kubonakala sengathi awudli nhlobo.
Njengoba ukubonwa kanye nezifundo zeV.N. Minervin zikhombisile, ehlobo, umsoco wama-gazelles futhi kuya ngokutholakala kwamanzi okuphuza ezilwaneni. Ngakho-ke, eningizimu ye-Ustyurt, lapho izilwane zithathwa khona imithombo yokuphuza, azidli noma umhlonyane noma i-hodgepodge, kwezinye izingxenye eziningi zohlu lwamazala akha isisekelo sokudla kwayo. Ehlobo, lesi silwane sigcina emigodini futhi sidla ezingxenyeni eziluhlaza zezitshalo ezikhula kuzo, ziqukethe ubungako obukhulu bomswakama: okokuqala, lezi zingamaqabunga, izihloko zezihlumela nezithelo ze-kaporza.
Izilokazana zokuhlikihla
UJeyran uyisilo esithuleyo. Angikaze ngikwazi ukuzwa izwi lakhe ezindaweni ezijwayelekile. Kulimele kuphela ekufeni, lapho umuntu esondela, kwesinye isikhathi wenza imisindo ebabazekayo, ekhumbuza imvu ekhanyayo. Insephe iphinde yamemeza ngezwi elinamandla kodwa elinamandla.
Ukuchithwa kukaDzheyran kwenzeka ngonyaka, ngokusobala, kabili. I-molt yokuqala entwasahlobo, iqala engxenyeni yesibili kaFebhuwari. I-molt ihlala isikhathi eside futhi iphetha ngoMeyi, ngenkathi abancane ngisho nangamuva. Ngisho nasezimbizeni ezisezingeni eliphilile, ezihlakulelwe ngendlela evamile, sabona izinsalela zoboya obudala ezinhlangothini nangasemngceleni wesibuko esiseduze nomsila kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi kaMeyi. Izilwane ezigulayo nezikhathele ngemuva kwesikhathi kunezinempilo. Ezintekazini ezihluthwe zivunwa ngoMeyi 21 no-22 eBet-Pak Dal, izinsalela zoboya obudala zazisagcinwa ngemuva kwekhanda, intamo, izinhlangothi nangaphandle kwemilenze. Ukulahleka koboya obudala kwenzeka kancane kancane, futhi njengoba i-dimorphism yesikhathi sombala ngemibala yama-gazelle ivezwa buthaka, i-molt idlula ngokungathi i-imperceptibly. Noma sinama-binoculars amahle, amafindo alengayo woboya obudala awakwazi ukubonwa ku-gazelle, njengoba kuvame ukubonwa, ngokwesibonelo, ezinqoleni zokuncibilikisa, nokuthi ngabe inyamazane isiqedile ukuchitha noma cha, imvamisa kungenzeka ukufaka kuphela isidumbu. I-Autumn molt yenzeka kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba kuhlanganisa.
Ukuzalanisa kukaGeyran
Iningi lama-gazelles, ngokusobala, selivele liseminyakeni eyodwa nesigamu ubudala lihlanganyela ngenkuthalo ekuzaleni kabusha. Abesifazane kwesinye isikhathi baletha izingane beneminyaka engu-1. I-estuary iqala ngoNovemba, futhi ngokusho kweminye imibiko, ngisho kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba futhi ihlala kuze kube nguDisemba okuhlanganisa.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, aphethwe ngamaqembu ama-3-5, ngalinye, liholwa ngowesilisa osekhulile, lixosha abancane, ngakho-ke kulesi simo asikwazi ukukhuluma ngobungqingili. Ngalesi sikhathi, izindlala ze-inguinal ziyavuvukala ku-gazelles, zithola inani elikhulu kakhulu lokufihlakala kunokwejwayelekile. Abesilisa bajabule, i-larynx yabo ivuvukala ngisho nangokwengeziwe, futhi ngesikhathi sokuza kwehlisa umzimba. Phakathi kwabesilisa kukhona ukungqubuzana (izimpi zemiqhudelwano), okuthi noma kunjalo, kungathwali ulaka olufana nolwabanye abangakholwayo. Abesifazane baziphatha ngokunethezeka futhi banciphisi kakhulu ukukhuluphala ngesikhathi se-estrus.
Ukuzalwa kwabantu abasha kwenzeka kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. EBet-Pak-Dala, sathola owesimame wokuqala owazala ngoMeyi 14. Kunezimo ezikhethekile zokukhulelwa kwe-belated. EMongolia, izinsuku zokuzala zama-agazili zephuze ukuqhathaniswa neCentral Asia inyanga yonke noma ngaphezulu. Imvamisa, insikazi endala iletha amawundlu amabili, amancanyana ngasikhathi sinye. Ngezikhathi ezithile, bathi, kukhona amathathu futhi, ngaphandle kwalokho, amane kowesifazane oyedwa.
Ngaphambi kokuzala, izinsikazi zivame ukushiya imihlambi, zithathe umhlalaphansi zizale kwenye indawo ehlathini, ngaphansi kwethempeli, ezansi kwesiteshi esidala nakwezinye izindawo ezivalekile. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, insikazi idla. Sasivame ukuthola izinsalela zalo kokuqukethwe yizisu zabesifazane ababulewe.
UJeyran
UJeyran isilwane esinezintambo ezinamathambo, esisabalele emazweni amaningi. Ihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nezisendaweni eyihlane esifundeni sase-Asia naseCaucasus. Phambilini ibonwa ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeDagestan.
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Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inyamazane?
Ukubonakala kwama-gazelles kujwayelekile ezilwaneni ezivela kuhlobo lwe-gazelle. Lesi yisilwane esincane esifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-75 ukuphakama futhi sinesisindo esingu-20-30 kilos. Ngokubukeka, kulula kakhulu ukwahlukanisa owesilisa nowesilisa ngokungabi bikho kwezimpondo. Uma owesilisa enezimpondo ezicijile ngokuphelele ngemisebe, insikazi ayinazimpondo. Kwezinye izimo, izimpondo ziqala ukukhula, kepha zime, zimelele izinqubo ezingekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha amahlanu ubude.
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Umbala wonke woboya uhambelana nohlelo lwemibala lwezindawo zalo zokuhlala - isihlabathi. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba imbozwe ngoboya obumhlophe. Kukhona nendawo emhlophe ezungeze umsila. Umsila uqobo uphela endaweni encane enoboya obumnyama. Ngesikhathi sokugijima, ibhele liphakamisa umsila walo omfishane futhi ichopho lalo elimnyama libonakala kahle ngokumelene nesizinda soboya obumhlophe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwezinye izifunda, lesi silwane sasibizwa ngokuthi "umsila omnyama."
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Ezinye izimfundiso zihlukanisa izingcosana ezine: I-Persian, iMongolia, i-Arabhiya kanye neTurkmen. Awehlukile kakhulu komunye nomunye, kepha ahlala ezindaweni ezihlukile. Isibonelo, inyamazane yasePheresiya iyisakhamuzi saseGeorgia namaphethelo eTranscaucasia, kanti isiMongolia sihlala emaqeleni nasezindaweni eziphakeme zaseMongolia.
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Indlela yokuphila ye-gazelle
Ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi esishisayo, amabhungane akuthola kunzima ukucinga ukudla phakathi nosuku. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyamazane ayisona isilwane sasebusuku. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, umsebenzi wayo omkhulu kakhulu uvela ekuseni nasekuseni kwelanga.
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Lesi silwane si-herbivore kuphela. Ama-Dzheyran adla utshani obuhlukahlukene nezihlahlana zezihlahla. Izintandokazi zinikezwa izitshalo ezigcwele umswakama. Lokhu kufaka, ngokwesibonelo, u-anyanisi wasendle, amajikijolo, iziwombe. Lapho zifuna ukudla okufanelekile, amabhungane enza ukuzulazula isikhathi eside.
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Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, amanzi, akwanele, adlala indima ekhethekile. AmaJejans aya kwizidumbu zamanzi ezisendaweni eyi-10-15 km ukusuka endaweni yazo ejwayelekile. Uhambo olufanayo lwamanzi lwenziwa kaningana ngesonto.
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Ziba namandla okuzala futhi eminyakeni eyi-1-2. Isikhathi sokukhandanisa senza izilwane zihlangane ngamaqembu anomholi. Umholi womhlambi omncane akavumeli abanye abesilisa ukuba bangene kuwo, futhi, uma kunesidingo, uhlela duel.
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AmaJehire ayizilwane ezibucayi kakhulu futhi eziqaphile. Ukubalekela ingozi, kungafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-60 km / h. Izitha zabo eziphambili yizimpisi, izingwe, izingulule, izimpungushe, izinkozi. Abantu abaningi bafuna ukudla kuma-gazelles, ngakho-ke umbala kanye nokuphendula okusheshayo engozini kufaka isandla ekugcinweni kwesilwane. Amacube angakwazi ukugijima ngejubane eliphakeme agqunywe imithambo yizinkumbi, abekwe phansi. Ngenxa yoboya obunemibala yesihlabathi, akulula kangako ukubathola.
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Ukubukeka
Isilwane esidala esinezilwane ezincelisayo esinezimbali ezingama-artiodactyl sinobude bomzimba obungu-93-116 cm, futhi ukuphakama kwesilwane lapho kubuna akubona ngaphezu kwama-60-75 cm.
Isici esivelele abesilisa ukuba khona kwezimpondo ezinjenge-lyre-like of abamnyama. Ubude bezimpondo ezinezindandatho eziguqukayo bufika ku-8-10 cm. Izinsikazi zensikazi azinazimpondo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ubukhona bezimpondo ezingabumbili ezinobude obungadluli kuka-3-5 cm bubodwa.
AmaJeyran anemilenze emincane kakhulu futhi emide enamasheya abukhali kodwa anamandla avumela i-artiodactyl gazelle ukuba ihambisane kalula nezindawo ezinamatye nobumba. Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwemilenze akuhloselwe ngokuphelele ukuhamba kwisembozo seqhwa, futhi ukukhuthazela kwesilwane esinjalo kuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ngokushintshwa okuphoqelelwa isikhathi eside, ibhele lingafa.
Umbala womzimba ophezulu nezinhlangothi zinesihlabathi, nentamo, ingxenye engezansi kanye nohlangothi lwangaphakathi lwemilenze kubonakaliswa ngamabala amhlophe. Ngemuva kunesibuko okuthiwa "isibuko", esinemibala emhlophe nobukhulu obukhulu.
Umsila unompipi omnyama, obonakala ngokusobala ngemuva kwesibuko “sesibuko” esimhlophe qhwa lapho kuqhutshekwa nokusebenza kwe-gazelle. Ngenxa yalesi sici, le nyamazane eyi-artiodactyl ithola igama layo lasekuqaleni elidumile elithi “umsila omnyama”.
Ukwehlukaniswa okwenziwe ngezinwele zonke ngaphansi kwezingubo zangaphansi kanye nezinwele ezisele akukho. Uboya obusebusika buphawulwa ngombala olula kunokudaya ehlobo.
Ubude bezinwele ebusika buyi-3-5 cm, futhi ihlobo - kufinyelela amasentimitha elilodwa nesigamu. Endaweni yesisulu sezinyamazane nemilenze yaso, izinwele zimfishane kakhulu kunalezo ezitholakala emzimbeni wesilwane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amazengezeli amancane anephethini ebunjiwe, emelelwa yindawo emnyama ekhaleni kanye nemivimbo emnyama etholakala endaweni ukusuka emehlweni kuya emakhoneni omlomo.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
I-Dzheyran isilwane esinezitho zangasese esinezikhumba ezigqokile zohlobo lwezinsini zohlobo lomndeni nama-bovid. Lolu hlobo luhlobene ngqo ne-subfamily ye-antelope yangempela. Igama elithi “gazelle” lafika kithi livela olimini lwesi-Arabhu. Ngokuvamile, luhlobo lwezilwane ezincanyana futhi ezinemilenze emide, eziqinisekisa ngokubukeka kwayo imphephezane enhle. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-gazelles, phakathi kwawo ungabona amazinyo. Lesi sinyenyela sinesici esisodwa - abesilisa kuphela abanezimpondo kumagagasi, ngokungafani namanye ama-gazelles, lapho abantu bobabili ubulili bengamakhanda.
Ngokuqondene nama-gazelles ngokuqondile, angabizwa ngokuthi izilwane ezincane futhi ezibukeka kakhulu, zonke izici zangaphandle nokwakheka kwazo kuhambisana ngokuphelele nohlobo lwama-gazelles, yize kunezici ezithile kanye nezici ezihlukile. Ngokuvamile, izingxenyana ezi-4 zemagazili zihlukaniswa, kodwa manje ososayensi abathile bazibeka njengezinhlobo ezihlukile.
Ngakho-ke, hlangana kwama-gazelles:
- IsiPheresiya
- IsiMongolia
- ETurkmen
- I-Arabhiya.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi le mikhakha yangaphandle icishe ifane, kepha ihluke kuphela endaweni yokuhlala yabo yaphakade. Umusa, ubuhlakani nokushesha kwama-gazelles kwamjabulisa umuntu isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke wayevame ukuboniswa ezinhlakeni zemali naseziposini ze-USSR yangaphambili, Kazakhstan, Azzeran kanye neRussia.
Ihlala kuphi gazelle?
Isithombe: UJeyran ogwadule
AbakwaJean bathanda amathafa nezintaba ezinamagquma kancane, lapho inhlabathi iminyene impela. Lesi sigaxa esihle singatholakala zombili endaweni yezintaba zezintaba nasezikhala zezigodi ngesiqabulelo esithambile. Ngenxa yobungqabavu ekwakhekeni kwamalungu, lezi zilwane zidlula ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi esikhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lokhu kujwayelekile enkathini yehlobo.
Imvamisa kakhulu gazelles uthando ogwadule kanye nogwadule, kuhlala:
- ugwayi-solyanky semi-desert,
- semi-shrubby hodgepodge semi-desertert,
- ugwadule oluyinkangala.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izimila ezisezindaweni zokuhlala ezingapheli zama-gazelle zingahluka kakhulu futhi zihluka ngokuphelele. Imvamisa, lawa ma-antelope ajwayela ukuba khona kwamahlane acishe angaphili njengamadwala eziphepheni.
Ekhuluma ngezindawo ezithile zokuhlala kwama-gazelles, kuyaqapheleka ukuthi njengamanje bahlala:
Ngokuqondene nezwe lethu, ngokusho kwendawo yokuhlala yomlando, amazibuko esikhathini esedlule esedlule ayehlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeDagestan, kodwa manje, ngeshwa, akahlangani lapho, enikeza izintandokazi zawo ezindaweni ezaziwugwadule nezisendaweni eyinkangala yezifundazwe ezishiwoyo.
Ngabe udlani udwala?
Isithombe: Antelope Dzheyran
Ungamangali ukuthi ngokuya komsoco, amazeze awazwisisi kangako, ngoba ahlala ezindaweni ezinqabile zasogwadule nasezindaweni ezingatheni zogwadule. Akudingeki ukhethe futhi ukhethe, ngakho-ke, amazibuko ajabulile ukuthi anakho kwimenyu yawo yokudla, ogama lawo lilinganiselwe ikakhulukazi ekwindla nasebusika.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukudonsa kwemagazili:
- ameva likamela
- hodgepodge
- umhlonyane
- kuqhuma uSaxaul
- inkungu
- ephedra
- ingxenye engaphezulu yamakhisimusi.
Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, imenyu ibukeka icebile futhi ijusi, ngoba impilo yezimila ibuye iqale futhi. Ama-Dzheyrany ngalesi sikhathi angadla okusanhlamvu kwasendle, ama-capers, i-ferula, i-blackberry, u-anyanisi, kwesinye isikhathi ajabulele ummbila, i-melon ne-legumes. Njengabahlali behlane, ama-gazelles bekwenza ngaphandle kokuphuza isikhathi eside. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ukuthola umgodi wokunisela oseduze kungaba kude kumakhilomitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15, ngakho-ke izitha zakhona ziphuza amanzi kanye ngesonto noma isikhathi sezinsuku ezinhlanu.
Ogwini okugcotshwe nezihlahlana, amabhungane azama ukungaphuzi, ngoba izinyathi ezahlukahlukene zingacasha lapho. Ukuze uthole umgodi wokunisela, izinyoni zikhetha indawo evulekile futhi eyisicaba, zihamba ngezinyawo zamanzi lapho sekuntwela noma lapho kusa. Izilwane zenza konke lokhu ukuphepha kwazo. Ngisho nokunambitha okumunyu kanye nosawoti (ngokwesibonelo, oLwandle lweCaspian) kusetshenziswa ama-gazelles, kuphinde kugcizelele ukungazinikeli kwabo maqondana nokuthandwa ukudla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: UJeyran ovela kwiRed Book
Njengamanye amazinyo, amazinyo agqamile futhi anamahloni, asabela ngokuzwela okukhulu kunoma yimuphi umsindo nemisindo esolisayo. Uma i-antelope ilindela ukuvela kwengozi, khona-ke iqala ngokushesha ukubaleka, ijubane layo lingasukela ku-55 liye ku-60 km ngehora. Abesifazane abanezinsana banecebo elihluke ngokuphelele lokusindiswa - kunalokho, bakhetha ukufihla izihlahlana ezikhathini ezimbi kangaka.
Yize amantshontsho engawesilwane sezinkomo, aqala ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu ngesikhathi sasebusika esiseduze. Ezinyangeni ezifudumele, la ma-gazelles athanda ukuba yedwa ngokuphelele noma enkampanini encane, lapho esiphezulu kungaba khona nama-gazelles amahlanu kuphela. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kungonyaka wokugcina abesifazane abancane nabasehlobo.
Ngokubanda kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, amazengeza aqala ukuqongelela emihlambi emikhulu, engaqukatha kusuka kumashumi amaningana kuye ezilwaneni eziningana. Lapho imihlambi yezinyamazane izifunela ukudla, iyakwazi ukuhamba ukusuka kumakhilomitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-30 ngosuku olulodwa. Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, izinsikazi ezisezikhundleni ziqala ukushiya umhlambi kuqala, bese kuba isikhathi sezinsikazi ezivuthiwe, zilandelwe yimihlambi yazo futhi ukukhula okuncane sekuvele kuqinile.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ebusika, amazengezeli ayasebenza phakathi nobusuku, futhi kusihlwa futhi ebusuku aphumule emigodini ebunjiwe eqhweni, elivame ukubekwa ngemuva kwegquma ukuze livikeleke emoyeni obandayo. Ehlobo, i-antelopes, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyondla ekuseni nakusihlwa, futhi iphumule ngosuku olushisayo, ihlale endaweni ethile emthunzini.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: uSteppe Dzheyran
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, izinsikazi ziyizilwane ezincelisayo ezihlangene, imihlambi ephilayo lapho iduka khona lapho kuqala ukubanda kobusika. Futhi ekwindla, abesilisa abavuthiwe baqala idrayivu esebenzayo. Baphawula ngezinto abanazo ngosizo lwezimbotshana, ezibekwe emigodini ngaphambi kokumbiwa, okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuxosha izindlu zangasese”.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Abesilisa baba nolaka ngesikhathi sokubeletha, bavame ukubutha bonke abasakazi bezinsikazi, abazigcinayo ngokungakhathali ekufakweni kwamanye amasudi. Umzabalazo wensimu nokuheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane ufinyelela ezingeni lokuthi abanye abesilisa abahle bambe amathegi abanye abantu bese befaka okwabo.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sowesifazane siyizinyanga eziyisithupha, amathole avele esenkathini kaMashi noma asondele ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Imvamisa, kuzalwa umntwana oyedwa noma umbhangqwana. Emavikini ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvela kwenzalo, omama besikhathi esizayo bazama ukuhlala bodwa, kude nabesilisa, bekhetha indawo efanele ukuzala izingane, okufanele ibekwe endaweni evulekile lapho kunendawo ethe tyaba, noma endaweni evulekile evikelekile emimoyeni epholile.
Izinsana zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu amabili, kepha zisheshe zikhuphuke ngezinyawo zazo futhi zizizwe zizethemba ngokuphelele. Emavikini okuqala, amathole athola isiphephelo emahlathini, lapho athanda ukucasha khona, futhi umama onakekelayo uzihambela uqobo, ewaphatha ngobisi lwebele izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngosuku. Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-gazelles izingane kushesha kakhulu. Kakade phakathi nenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, bathola isisindo esilingana nengxenye yesisindo sesilwane esidala.
Njengabantu abadala, amathole asondelana unyaka owodwa nohhafu, yize ezinye izintokazi ziseneminyaka yobudala eyodwa zithola inzalo. Ukuvuthwa kwabesilisa kwenzeka kuphela eneminyaka eyi-1.5 ubudala. Emvelweni wemvelo, amazinyo agcwele impilo angaphila iminyaka eyi-7, futhi athunjwe wonke ayi-10.
Izitha zemvelo zamabele
Isithombe: UJeyran ogwadule
Impilo ye-gazelle enhle ayinzima, eyisidina ngokwanele futhi ayihlukile ekukhuthazeleni okukhethekile. Izitha eziningi ezahlukahlukene zitholakala lapho, zombili izinambuzane ezivuthiwe nezincane kakhulu. Phakathi kokubi okubaluleke kakhulu nokukhohlisayo kwama-gazelles, izimpisi zingabizwa ngokuthi ama-gazelles amaningi afela emazinyweni alaba bantu ngokunembile ebusika, lapho kuneqhwa eliningi, futhi izithombane ezilambile nezilambile azikwazi ukubalekela ebungozini.
Kanye nezimpisi, izinsikazi eTurkmenistan zithokoziswa izingulule namakhathuni. Vele, ukukhula kwabancane abangenalwazi kusengozini enkulu, okufa kwabo kusondele ekuweni kungafinyelela kumaphesenti angama-50, okuyinto eyethusa kakhulu.
Izitha zamathole amancane namasha asanda kuzalwa afaka:
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ingozi ilindele amazibuko hhayi emhlabeni kuphela, kodwa futhi nomoya. Imvelo enolunya nayo ayizigcineli lezi zilwane ezincelisayo, okufa kwazo kukhuphuka kakhulu ngesikhathi sobusika esineqhwa, lapho kune-icing engapheli. Ama-Dzheyrana angafa yindlala, ngoba ngaphansi kwesendlalelo seqhwa esinzima akulula ukuthola ukudla, ukuhamba ngesithwathwa seqhwa, futhi, ikakhulukazi, ekuqhekekeni kulimaza izilwane futhi kungaholela ekufeni, kusuka kubazingeli ezikhathini ezinjalo cishe akunakwenzeka ukufihla. Ungakhohlwa ngabantu abadale umonakalo omkhulu kubantu be-gazelles, okuholele ekuzingeleni okusebenzayo futhi okungenampilo.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Emakhulukhulu eminyaka ambalwa edlule, inani lamazinyane emvelo laliningi kakhulu esifundeni esikhulu sogwadule nasogwadule lwezifunda eziningi. Ngisho nokuzingela kwansuku zonke kwabahlali bendawo akuzange kuthinte kakhulu amanani ayo. Abakwa-Antelopes babedla abantu inyama emnandi (kuze kufike ku-15 kg nge-gazelle), babanikeza isikhumba esiqinile, kepha isifiso somuntu esingalawuleki senzuzo saholela ekutheni lezi zilwane eziqala ukubhujiswa ngejubane lombani nangesilinganiso esikhulu. Ngosizo lwezimoto, abantu bafunda ukushayela imihlambi yezinyamazane izicupho, beyiphuphuthekisa izilwane ngamalambu akhanyayo, base bedubula ama-artiodactyls, isithombe saso esivele sasesabisa.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000s, inani lama-gazelles lalinganiselwa kwizigidi eziyinkulungwane zezilwane, kodwa ngokwezibalo zamashumi eminyaka asanda kwedlula, indlela yesivinini esikhulu sokwehla kwayo ikhuphuke ngesinye isithathu, esingakwazi kodwa ukukhathazeka. I-Dzheyranov cishe manje ngeke uhlangane e-Azabajani naseTurkey. Ebunganini beKazakhstan neTurkmenistan, inani lemfuyo yabo lehlile kayiphindwe kayishumi.
Usongo olukhulu nesizathu sokuhlupheka okunjalo kwalezi ezingama-artiodactyls kuwukungacabangi nokuhaha kobuntu, okuthinta izilwane hhayi ngokuqondile (abazingeli), kodwa ngokungaqondile (ukuncishiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala ngenxa yokulima komhlaba kanye nokwakhiwa kwamadlelo). Ngenxa yesimo esothusa kangaka maqondana nokuchichima, kuthathwe izindlela zokuvikela eziningi ezihlose ukuvuselela inani lalezi zibaya ezimangalisayo ezihlukaniswa njengababuthakathaka njengamanje.
Unogada we-gazelle
Isithombe: UJeyran ovela kwiBhuku eliBomvu
Kuyadabukisa, kepha kukhona ama-gazelles ambalwa futhi ayingcosana, ngakho-ke abantu ekugcineni bacabanga ukuthi le ndondo ingahle inyamalale ebusweni boMhlaba. Manje amagagasi abhalwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba, anesimo se "zinhlobo ezisengozini" yezilwane. KwiBhuku elibomvu laseKazakhstan, amazinyo agqitshwe njengezinhlobo ezingandile, inani lazo lihlala lincipha. I-Red Book gazelle nayo icatshangelwa emkhakheni weRussia Federation.
Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, izici eziyinhloko zokunciphisa umkhawulo zifaka phakathi umsebenzi womuntu, othinta kabi impilo nendawo yokuhlala yezilwane. Abazingeli basaqhubeka nokudubula ngokungemthetho, yize bezingela ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa okuqinile. Abantu baxosha la ma-artiodactyl ezindaweni zabo zokuhanjiswa unomphela, balima umhlaba omusha futhi bandise indawo yedlelo lemfuyo.
Ngaphezu kokufakwa kuzincwadi eziBomvu ezahlukahlukene, lokhu okulandelayo kungafaniswa nezindlela zokonga ukusindisa lezi zilwane:
- ukuqaliswa kokuzala kabusha kwama-gazelles ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo, lapho kudalwa khona zonke izimo zempilo yabo enethezekile,
- ukuvinjwa okusabalele kokuzingela kanye nezinhlawulo ezengeziwe zokuzingela,
- ukukhonjwa kanye nokuvikelwa kwezindawo lapho kukhona khona amazinyo amaningi, azinike isimo sezindawo ezivikelwe.
Muva nje, abantu bebelokhu bezama ukuheha ukunakwa okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka enkingeni yokunyamalala kwama-gazelles. Ngakho-ke, emkhosini waminyaka yonke e-Azerbaijan obizwa ngokuthi i-Maiden's Tower, abaculi bavame ukubonisa lezi zinsika ezithandekayo eziteshini ezinkulu, banikeze isizathu sokucabanga ngamanani abo anciphayo futhi bavame ukugqashuka, benze imisebenzi yabantu.
Ekugcineni, kuhlale kunezela lokho, njengoba gazelle muhle ngokumangalisayo futhi unomusa, nje ongavikeleki futhi osengozini. Kuyadingeka ukwazisa lesi silwane esinomusa nesinamahloni, sihlonipha futhi sihlobana ngenhlonipho nezindawo ezihlala kulo unomphela, sizame ukucindezela noma yiziphi izenzo ezingekho emthethweni nezingahambi kahle, lapho umhlaba uzungeza okungenani ube nomusa omncane futhi uqhakaze, futhi amageza azokwazi ukujabulela impilo yawo ejabulisayo.
Ukubhebhetheka
IJeyran itholakala ezifundeni eziwugwadule nezisendaweni eyihlane e-Iran, e-Armenia, e-Afghanistan, eWestern Pakistan, eningizimu yeMongolia naseChina (Xinjiang, enyakatho neTibet neSuyuan), iAzerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan neTurkmenistan. U-Alisher Navoi ukhuluma ngama-gazelles encwadini yakhe Amaplanethi ayisi-7, aqokomisa amazeze (jairan) yabo Hotan
Uhla lomlando wama-agazelles afaka iningizimu yeRussia Dagestan.
Ukulandela okulandelayo
Kunezinhlobo ezingama-4 zokubhalwa kwama-gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa), enikezwe njengamanje abanye abacwaningi ngezinhlobo ezihlukile:
- G. subgutturosa subgutturosa — Umbala wePheresiya uhlala eGeorgia kanye namaphethelo empumalanga yeTranscaucasia,
- G. subgutturosa gracilicornis — Turkmen gazelle , ITurkmenistan, iKazakhstan empumalanga yeLake Balkhash, Tajikistan, mhlawumbe ne-Uzbekistan,
- G. subgutturosa marica — Ingwe yase-Arabia Inhlonhlo yase-Arabia
- G. subgutturosa yarkandensis — Indawo yaseMongolia , noma yarkand gazelle , ama-steppes, ama-semi-desertertert, awugwadule kanye nezindawo eziphakemeyo zaseMongolia, enyakatho nentshonalanga nentshonalanga yeChina,
- G. subgutturosa hilliayeza - Ugwadule lwaseGobi, ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinkampani ezedlule ezinhlotsheni ezizimele, kuthathwa njengezingxenyana zama-gazelles aseMongolia (G. yarkandensis hilliayeza) .
Isimo Sabantu Nokuvikelwa
Esikhathini esedlule, amabele kwakuyinto ayithandayo yokuzingela. Kwakungomunye wemithombo eyinhloko yenyama yabelusi eSouth Kazakhstan nase-Asia Ephakathi. Ukuzingela izinsikazi manje sekuvinjelwe yonke indawo. Ifakiwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN njengesilwane esingajwayelekile nesisengozini.
Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2012, ukuze kudonswe ukunaka kwama-gazelles ohlelweni lomkhosi wobuciko we-Maiden Tower waphesheya, abaculi abavela emazweni ahlukahlukene bebehlobisa amamodeli alezi zilwane.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-gazelle
Kunezinhlobo ezingama-4 zokubhalwa kwama-gazelles anezindawo ezihlukile. Ama-gazelles aseTurkmen ahlala eKazakhstan, Tajikistan naseTurkmenistan. Ama-subspecies asePheresiya ahlala e-Iran, eTurkey, e-Afghanistan, eSyria.
Lezi zilwane futhi zihlala eMongolia naseNyakatho neChina, eningizimu-nentshonalanga ye-Iraq naseSaudi Arabia, eNtshonalanga Pakistan naseGeorgia. Phambilini gazelle Wayehlala eningizimu yeDagestan.
Iyayifihla isilwane ogwadule nasezinsukwini eziyisithupha, uthande inhlabathi enamadwala noma yobumba. Ingahlala ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi, kepha kuyimpilo ukuthi izinsikazi zihambisane nazo, ngakho-ke azivamile lapho.
Iziza ezinjalo zomhlaba zivame ukungabi nazimila. Kwesinye isikhathi angena ezintabeni, kepha angatholakali phezulu ezintabeni. Njengoba ingakwazi ukuhamba eqhweni elijulile, lapho kuqala ubusika, amagazili kufanele asuke ezindaweni ezisenyakatho aye eningizimu.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Lezi zilwane ziqaphe kakhulu, ziyasabela kunoma yimuphi umsindo. I-alamu elincane kunazo zonke, ukubikezela ingozi - kumenze abaleke. Futhi inyamazane iyakwazi ukugijima ngejubane efinyelela ku-60 km / h. Uma ingozi ithathe insikazi kanye nengane ngokumangala, ibingeke ibaleke, kepha esikhundleni sayo ifihle endaweni yothuli.
Lezi yizilwane zomhlambi, ziqoqana emaqenjini amakhulu ebusika. Imihlambi iqukethe amashumi ngisho namakhulu abantu. Ndawonye badlula ogwadule besuka endaweni ethile yokuya kwenye, behlula amakhilomitha angaphezu kwama-30 ngosuku.
Ebusika, izilwane ziyasebenza kulo lonke usuku lasemini. Lapho kuhlwa, ukungena kuyaphela, izinsongo zilala phansi ziphumule. Njengombhede, bambe umgodi eqhweni, imvamisa ukusuka ohlangothini olungaseceleni kokuphakama okuthile.
Ngokuvamile, inkathi ebandayo iyingozi kakhulu kubo, ngezinga elikhulu lezimvula, izilwane eziningi zizokufa. Zingashintshiwe kahle ukuze zihambisane neqhwa, futhi ikakhulukazi uqweqwe, futhi azikutholi ukudla kwazo ngaphansi kwalo.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, izinsikazi zishiya umhlambi zilethe amathole amasha ehlobo. Ngaphandle komama abakhulelwe, amaqembu ezinsikazi athambile, futhi izilwane zivame ukuhamba kubantu abangu-8-10.
Ehlobo, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezishisayo, amazinyoza azama ukungaphumi ntambama ukuyokondla. Kusekuseni nakusihlwa bayasebenza, futhi phakathi nosuku baphumule emthunzini, ekulaleni, imvamisa akuyona kude namanzi.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ekwindla, inkathi yokuzalela iqala emadodeni. Ama-Antelope amaka insimu ngokumba kwawo, okubekwe emgodini owembiwe. Lokhu kubizwa "izindlu zangasese zomjaho."
Lezo zikhala eziyingqayizivele zomngcele ziyisicelo sendawo, abesilisa bayalwa bodwa ngenxa yalokho futhi, abesifazane. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukumba amathegi abanye abantu, ubeke okwabo lapho.
Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokuzala, izinsikazi ziziphatha ngendlela enobudlova ngemuva kwezinsikazi, zihlelela imibukiso. Babutha ihomere labo labesifazane abangu-2-5, bayakuqapha ngokucophelela.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-6, ngoMashi-Ephreli sekuyisikhathi sokubeletha bese izintokazi zihamba, zibheka izindawo eziseceleni. Abanempilo, abesifazane abadala bazala amawele, kanti abancane nabadala bavame ukuletha ithole elilodwa.
Ingane inesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu amabili, futhi emizuzwini embalwa ingama ngezinyawo zayo. Esontweni lokuqala bacasha esikhotheni, abayikuya konina.
Esithombeni, imazi yegazi elinamazinyane
Owesifazane usondeza iwundlu uqobo ukuzondla izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngosuku, kepha lokhu ukwenza ngokucophelela ukuze angalethi izitha enganeni. Ama-gazelles amancane asengozini kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi; izimpungushe, izinja nezinyoni zezinyamazane ziyingozi kuzo.
Unina uzobavikela kakhulu ezitheni ezinjalo, ngempumelelo, ngenxa yezinselo zakhe ezibukhali. Uma iwundlu lisongelwa impisi noma umuntu edlula, insikazi izozama ukuthatha isitha, ngoba ngeke ikwazi ukubhekana nayo.
Amacube akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila athola ama-50% ayo yonke isisindo somzimba esizayo. Ngezinyanga eziyi-18 - 19 sebevele bafinyelela usayizi wesilwane esidala.
Abesifazane bafika esikhathini sokuthomba kusenesikhathi kakhulu - kakade ngonyaka bayakwazi ukukhulelwa. Abesilisa bakulungele ukuzalaniswa kuphela eminyakeni emibili. Emvelweni, ama-gazelles aphila cishe iminyaka engu-7, kuma-zoo angaphila iminyaka eyi-10. Okwamanje gazelle inesimo sesilwane esisengozini futhi ibhalwe ku Bomvu incwadi.
Ukunyamalala kwama-gazelles
Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-gazelles esiGodini i-Ili Valley (kuze kufike ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-14) lahlala laze lafika ngo-1943. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuqothulwa okuqondile, inani labo lahlala lincipha futhi laba lincane kakhulu kuma-50-60s, lapho kwakurekhodwa abantu ababodwa lapha. Ngokubuyiselwa kwe-Alma-Ata Reserve, inani lama-gazelles laqala ukukhula, kodwa kancane kakhulu.
Eminyakeni engama-70s kwakukhona inqwaba yakhona esitokisini, kwathi ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwendawo yaso izilwane ezili-1050 zaqoshwa kuyo yonke indlela. Ngenhlangano yomnotho wokuzingela nokulondolozwa kweKapchagai, inhlala-kahle yezilwane yathuthuka futhi amanani abo aqala ukukhula ngokushesha.
Manje isibalo sama-gazelles endaweni ngayinye engxenyeni evikelekile yesiGodi sase-Ili siphezulu kakhulu eKazakhstan. AmaBalkhoi Kalkans, acishe angabi namuntu ekwindla nasekupheleni kobusika ngenxa yomoya onamandla kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi, agcwele kakhulu amagabade ehlobo. Lapha bavuka ethafeni, babalekela ukushisa nobubi. Ngesikhathi kubhekwa ngoJuni - Julayi, amagagazili atholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ze-Great Kalkan aze afike ku-40-50 ngalezi gazili, kwathi ngoNovemba walowo nyaka, kwaba mbalwa abantu.
Empumalanga yesitobha sokuzingela iKapchagai, emaphethelweni ezansi kweKaratau ne-Aktau, inani lezinsini zabantu lihla kakhulu ngenxa yokuzingela. Emzileni onqenqemeni oluseningizimu yeKaratau obude bamakhilomitha angama-60, kwaqoshwa izingulule eziyishumi nantathu, nasezintabeni ngokwazo, izinsuku ezi-4 zokubonwa ngo-Agasti, munye kuphela owesimame owahlangana nama-gazelles amabili.
Ukunyakaza kwezinkathi zonyaka nezinsuku zonke
NgoMashi, ibhele liqala ukuhamba lisuka epheshaneni iMybbak liye entshonalanga. Ngaleso sikhathi, izilwane zingena endaweni yepulazi entshonalanga nompheme waseChulak. Lapha, i-hodgepodge inika umhlonyane, oqala ukutshala ngaphambili. Ngo-Ephreli, iningi lalezi zilwane ligudluzelwa ngaphesheya - kuya endaweni yaseTaldysay ipheshana, lapho ngoMeyi izinsikazi zizala khona amawundlu.
Iningi labesilisa lifudukela empumalanga futhi lihlala ezindaweni ezikude nezindawo ezinisela. Ekupheleni kukaJuni, izinsikazi ezinama-gazelles sezivele zikwazi ukuhamba nazo ziya empumalanga.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ngo-Okthoba - uNovemba, amagazethi asele avela epheshaneni laseTaldysay athuthela ipheshana laseMynbulak. Ngasenyakatho yaleli pheshana, eduze kwezintaba zaseMatai, baphephela ebusika bevunguza emoyeni obandayo ovunguza ezintabeni. Ubude bebonke bokufuduka kwesizini abudluli ku-100-120 km. Zonke izinsuku, kusihlwa, amagagasi enza izinguquko kusuka ezindaweni zezinsuku, asuka eKalkan, emaphethelweni aseChulak naseMatai, aye ezindaweni ezinisela ezilandela ipheshana elithi Mynbulak, lapho echitha khona ubusuku futhi ekuseni abuyele emuva. Ubude bale minyakazo ngu-6 km km.
Ukuwela nsuku zonke kubekelwe ukuvela nokushona kwelanga, kulungiswe ukuze kuguqulwe kube sekusondele ebusika: uma ngoMeyi bekungamahora ama-30 imizuzu bese kuthi amahora angama-21, kuthi-ke ngoSepthemba kube ngamahora ayi-6 imizuzu engama-30 namahora ayi-19 imizuzu.
Herd, ubulili nokwakhiwa kweminyaka yomhlambi wezingwe
UJeyran awakhi amaqembu amakhulu. Amaqoqo kuphela alezi zilwane agcinwa ngo-Okthoba - Novemba. Ukuqongelelwa, ngokungafani namaqembu, kuguquka njalo ukwakheka kwawo, kungaba ukuhlukana kube izingxenye ezihlukile, noma ukuphinda ukugxila. Maphakathi no-Novemba, okungukuthi, ekuqaleni kokuqalwa, amahlumela ekugcineni anyamalale.
Izilwane ezihlala zodwa zivame ukuhlangana nazo, ngokwanda kweqembu, imvamisa yemihlangano incipha ngokulingana. Izilwane ezingashadile, ngokomthetho, ngabesilisa abadala.
Kumagazili, amaqembu angahlukaniswa abesilisa, abesilisa futhi axube.
Amaqembu abesilisa anezilwane zeminyaka ehlukene, kubandakanya nezonyaka. Abanye abesilisa abavela kula maqembu banezindawo ngazinye futhi kukhona kuzo ngenkathi yasekwindla neyasentwasahlobo. Abesilisa baqukethe owesilisa oyedwa noma abaningi abanezinsikazi noma sebekhulile, bese kuthi ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi ngabesifazane.
Abesilisa abathandanayo bahlukaniswe omama ebusika futhi bajoyina abesilisa, akuvamile ukuba babe namaqembu azimele. Izinsikazi ezinonyaka owodwa ubudala zihamba nonina bazo ngisho nangemva kokuba ngokwazo, ngaleyo ndlela zakha amaqembu azimele.
Isilinganiso sobulili bama-gazelles sisondele ku-1: 1.
Ukudla kweGeorgan
UJeyran udla cishe kuzo zonke izitshalo ezikhula kulezi zindawo. Kepha entwasahlobo bakhetha i-ephemera (i-Carex physode, i-Seseli sessiliflorum, i-Heliotropium ar ociono
des, Limonium gmelini, Ferula iliensis, Galium verum), ehlobo - amahlumela aluhlaza we-saxaul (Haloxylon Persicum), amaqabunga ezihlahlana ezinjenge-teresken (i-Eurotia ceratoides), i-hen (Atraphaxis spinosa), i-saltpeter (Nitraria schoberi), chingil (Halodend) .
UJeyran udla amahlumela e-booby (Salsola arbusculiformis), amaqabunga echibi lamakamela (i-Alhagikirghisorum), iWillow (Salix singorica), i-turuppa (Popu-lus diversifolia), jida (Elaeagnus oxycarpa).
Ekwindla nasebusika, ama-gazelles adla nge-hodgepodge ehlukahlukene, umhlonyane ne-saxaul. UJeyran, ngenkathi edla, uthola umlomo wotshani namaqabunga, uphakamisa ikhanda lakhe, ame, ahlafuna, abheke ngasikhathi sinye. Lapho egwinya enye ingxenye yezimila, i-apula lika-Adamu lihamba liye phezulu. Lokhu kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi emadodeni apula lika-Adamu likhulu kakhulu.
Imvamisa ngenkathi ihlafuna utshani, insikazi ibeka ubuso bayo ngolimi lwayo.
Ezindaweni zokunisela, la makhaza ahlala ubusuku bonke, abuyela ezinsukwini zawo kuphela ekuseni. Kepha babuye baphuze usuku lonke.
Inani eliphakeme lokunisela ngesikhathi sasemini lenzeka ntambama ngamashifu amancane kuye ngesizini yonyaka. Zizwa womile kakhulu, izinsikazi zigijimela emanzini amamitha amaningi okugcina, kepha zigijimela kuwo ngamamitha angama-40-50, ziyema futhi zibambe. Ngokushesha abaleke emanzini, bese ebuya futhi. Ekugcineni bafika emanzini, kwesinye isikhathi ngemilenze yabo yangaphambili bayangena kuyo bese beqala ukuphuza. Njalo kuma-10-15 s baphakamisa amakhanda abo, babheke futhi baphuze futhi, ngakho-ke imizuzu eyi-1.5-2.
Imvamisa, i-gazelle ihamba emthambekeni webhange eliwugwadule, uyihlole isuka phezulu, bese iyehla. Ngasikhathi sinye, insikazi imvama igxuma isuka emthambekeni iye ku-105-110 cm ukuphakama futhi igxume ukuphakama okufanayo, ibuya emgodini wokuthambisa. Benza gxuma besuka ngezansi besuka endaweni ngokubuna kuqala phambi kwithambeka.
Ebusika, iqhwa lidlala indima enkulu ekuqedeni ukoma; libaluleke kakhulu kwabesilisa besifunda. Bacishe banelise ngokuphelele izidingo zabo zamanzi ngeqhwa ngesikhathi sokuzala. Izinsikazi nezilwane ezincane nazo zidla iqhwa, yize ebusika ziyaqhubeka nokuya ezindaweni zokuphuza.
Okuthinta ukusengozini kwama-gazelles
Imfuyo iqhudelana nokudla kuma-gazelles. Njengomphumela wokudla ngokweqile, akagcini nje ngokuqinisa amadlelo, kepha futhi uyawanyathela. Abelusi abasemihlambi futhi banezikhali zokuvikela imfuyo kusuka ku-wolf bayisebenzisela izinhloso zokuzingela, futhi izinja zokwalusa zihlala zizingela izilwane zasendle.
Imicimbi eminingi yezolimo ebanjwa unyaka wonke emkhakheni wezomnotho wokuzingela kuholela ekutheni izimoto eziningi zigibele lapha ziphazamise amazibuko ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ngakho-ke, umthelela omubi womsebenzi wezomnotho esisekelweni sokuphakelwa kwama-gazelles, izinto eziphazamisayo ezingapheli, kanye nokuzingela kuthintela ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwenani lalesi silo esingandile.
Manje iKazakhstan yenza umsebenzi omningi wokubamba futhi isebenze kabusha izinqolobane ezindaweni ezintsha ezivikelwe, lapho izoba nokudla okuningi neziphuzo, futhi ivikeleke nakubazingeli. Lokhu kuzosiza hhayi ukusindisa inani lama-gazelles kuphela, kepha futhi kuzokhulisa isibalo salezi zilwane ezinomusa. UJeyran kufanele alondolozwe abazukulu bethu kanye nabazukulu bethu.
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
AmaJeyran akhetha ukuhlala ezintabeni eziwugwadule noma kancane ezinamagquma futhi ezinamagquma enomhlabathi omnyama. Futhi, i-antelope yalolu hlobo itholakala emalulini asezintabeni nasezigodini ngenkululeko ethambile. Izici zesakhiwo semikhawulo ziphoqa izingulule zigweme ukuhlala ezinhlangeni ezinkulu zesihlabathi ehlobo.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamahlandla amaningi zidlangile ezindaweni eziwugwadule ezingama-semi-shrubby kanye ne-cereal-solyanky semi-desert, futhi futhi kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile kakhulu emkhakheni wamahlane ogwadule.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uhlobo lwezimila ezindaweni zama-gazelle luhluke kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile amathole atholakala ngisho nasegammads abacishe baphile ngokuphelele.
Uma esikhathini esithile esedlule ingxenye eseningizimu yeDagestan ibisafakwa kuhlu lomlando wethala laseGeorgia, namuhla isilwanyana esinamachwane anjalo esinamagquma sitholakala kuphela ezingwadule nasezinhlangothini ezinesifunda esifundeni sase-Armenia, Iran ne-Afghanistan, kanye nasentshonalanga nePakistan, eningizimu yeMongolia neChina .
Uhla lwama-gazelles luphinde lumelwe yiKazakhstan ne-Azerbaijan, Georgia ne-Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan neTurkmenistan.
Ukudla, okudingwa yigrans
AmaJeyran azolile ngokuphelele ngokuntuleka kwamanzi ahlanzekile, amasha aseduze, kanye nezikhathi ezimbalwa ngesonto, kusihlwa noma ekuntweleni kokusa, ahamba amakhilomitha amaningi eya endaweni yokugcina yemvelo eseduze.
Njengomthetho, izilwane zikhetha ogwini oluvuleke kakhulu, futhi oluvulekile, lapho ubungozi bokuhlangana nezilwane ezidla lukhona buncane. Ukuzitholela ngokuphelele kuvumela ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamahlanjana zikwazi ukwaneliswa ngisho nangamanzi abilayo nanosawoti oLwandle lweCaspian.
Ekudleni, ama-gazelles nawo awathobeki ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sekwindla nasebusika ayajabula ukusebenzisa i-hodgepodge, amakamela ameva kanye nomhlonyane, amahlumela we-saxaul kanye nengxenye yaphezulu ye-tamarisks, kanye nenduku kanye ne-ephedra.
Ukudla kwentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo kwelebula kunwebeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuvela kwezimila eziningi futhi ezixakile. Ngalesi sikhathi, amazinyane agxila ezinhlolweni zasendle ezinhlobonhlobo, amajikijolo, ama-capers, i-Ferula no-anyanisi.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Esikhathini sekwindla, i-gon esebenzayo iqala emadodeni e-antelope. Isilwane esinezilwane ezinamafutha esingenasisekelo sibonisa indawo yaso ngokumba okufakwa emigodini yangaphambi kokumba ebizwa ngokuthi “ukuxosha izindlu zangasese”.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi balwa kule ndawo futhi baheha abesifazane, futhi bayakwazi nokumba amathegi abanye abantu, basebenzise okwabo. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa baziphatha kabi, okubavumela ukuba baqoqe “i-hrem” evamile futhi evikelwe ngokucophelela kwabesifazane abaningi ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi kakade ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli kuzalwa amathole amabili noma amabili asanda kuzalwa. Emavikini ambalwa wokugcina akhulelwe, izinsikazi zizama ukuhlala kude nowesilisa futhi zihambe, njengomthetho, zodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane, ezibavumela ukuba bakhethe indawo enhle kakhulu yokuzala izingane. Ukugaya izigaqa kwenzeka ezindaweni ezivulekile phakathi kwesihlahla noma indawo eyisikhala, esebenza njengendawo ephephile yokuphephetha komoya obandayo.
Isisindo sengane singamakhilogremu ambalwa, kepha imizuzu embalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, usengakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela. Emavikini okuqala masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa, amathole azama ukucasha emathangeni, kuthi owesifazana uqobo afike kubo kathathu noma kane ngosuku ukuzondla. Ngalesi sikhathi, izingane eziningi ziba yisisulu sezimpungushe, izinja zasendle, izimpisi nezinyoni ezinkulu zezinyamazane.
Amawundlu kaJeyran antelope akhula futhi akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi kakade ngenyanga yokuqala, njengomthetho, athola cishe u-50% wesisindo somzimba wabantu abadala esiphelele. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamahlwili zifinyelela usayizi wokugcina wesilwane esidala ngonyaka nohhafu, kepha izinsikazi ezineminyaka yobudala eyodwa zingaletha inzalo yazo yokuqala. Abesilisa bakwaGeyran bavame ukulungela ukuzalanisa ngokuzikhandla kungekudala, ngoba baba ngabakhulelw a ocansini beneminyaka eyodwa nengxenye kuphela.