Kaningi, abantu banikeza izilwane eziningi amagama aqondakalayo aqondayo. Isibonelo, inhlanzi e-clown evela kuhlobo lwe-amphiprions ngombala wayo ogqamile ihlala ikhipha imizwa emnandi yemikhosi. Ubuka i-aquarium ibamba izinhlanzana ezincane ezihlala zicashile ematendeni e-anemone, umuntu angakwazi ukukhumbula ngokungathandabuzekiyo inkundla yemidlalo yesekethe, lapho izimbobo zigqoke izingubo ezigqamile ngemivimbo.

Akukhona kuphela ama-amphiprion ahlotshaniswa nesithombe sama-clown. Isibonelo, ihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emithathu ebanzi ngemuva ngemuva kwepende eliphuzi namawolintshi, ihlumela le-botsiya. Kukhona nomndeni wonke wama-clown ngokulandelana kwama-anglerfish (amademoni olwandle) - izinhlanzi ezinemibala ekhanyayo kakhulu ezinamabala anemibala noma imivimbo. Kepha kule ndatshana uzojwayela kuphela nezinhlanzi zohlobo lwe-Amphiprion.

Yini amphiprions

I-Clownfish, njengabo bonke abameleli bomndeni wakwaPomocenter (iqembu elinjenge-Perch), inomzimba omude omude kakhulu nowamaphini we-pectoral atholakale ngenhla kwendawo. Zingaki izinhlobo ze-amphiprion ezikhona emvelweni? Emithonjeni ehlukene ungathola izinombolo ezahlukahlukene - kusuka kwabayishumi nambili kuya ku-28. Lezi zihlala zinembala egqamile ngokukhombisa kwemivimbo (emhlophe noma emnyama) namabala. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwekhathuni lezingane, lapho umlingiswa oyinhloko ayeyinhlanzi ye-nemo, ama-amphiprions athola ukuthandwa okungakaze kubonwe phakathi kwabasemanzini. Kuyiqiniso, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezitholakala emanzini ase-amateur.

I-Percussion Clown (Amphiprion percula)

I-Orange amphiprion noma i-clown percula (i-lat.Amphiprion percula) iyi-clownfish edumile futhi edumile:

• Uhlala emanzini asempumalanga oLwandlekazi i-Indian kanye nengxenye engasentshonalanga yePacific, asakazekele enyakatho esiqhingini saseTaiwan nesiqhingi saseJapan iRyukyu.
• Itholakala ezigodini zamakhorali imvamisa kakhulu ekujuleni kwamamitha amathathu kuya kwayi-15.

Le ngenye yezinhlanzi ezithandwa kakhulu ama-aquarists. Le nhlanzi eyi-Clown ibilokhu yenziwa ngamabomu eFlorida ngokuthengiswa emanzini asemanzini anosawoti ukufeza izidingo ezikhulayo zabathandi bezinhlanzi zasolwandle. Izindleko zayo uma ziqhathaniswa namanye ama-amphiprion aphezulu kakhulu.

Izici zombala we-Clown-perkul:

• umbala nephethini emzimbeni ayishintshi ngobudala,
• umbala oyinhloko uwolintshi,
• isidumbu sihlotshiswe ngemicu emithathu emhlophe emnyama ebekwe ngemuva kwekhanda, ezinhlangothini nangaphambi komngcwabo we-caudal,
• ngaphezu kwemivimbo emhlophe, i-orange amphiprion ibuye ihlotshiswe ngemicu emnyama emngcele futhi kwesinye isikhathi ixhumeke imhlophe,
• kuwo wonke amaphiko ngaphandle kwe-dorsal yokuqala, kukhona umngcele omnyama obonakalayo,
• i-iris ingumbala osawolintshi okhanyayo ngombala, osiza ekuboneni ukunciphisa usayizi wamehlo.

Esithombeni se-clown fish Amphiprion percula, zonke lezi zici zombala zibonakala kahle, futhi inhlanzi yathola igama layo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yobuningi bombala we-orange (kuze kube emehlweni).

I-Orange amphiprion noma i-clown perkula (lat.Amphiprion percula)

I-Anemone Amphiprion Ocellaris (Amphiprion ocellaris)

Ayidume kangako phakathi kwama-aquarists yi-anemone amphiprion (lat. Amphiprion ocellaris) noma i-clown ocellaris. Nguye lowo inhlanzi ye-nemo, okuyi-protagonist yekhathuni elidumile.

Lesi siphamandla sibonwa kahle isithombe:

• Umzimba unombala ocebile we-orange,
• Imivimbo emithathu emhlophe eshintshashintshayo ibekwe ezinhlangothini: esiqwini se-caudal, masinyane ngemuva kwekhanda nendawo enkabeni yomzimba, kusukela esikhaleni esiphakathi kwamawele e-dorsal. Umucu womzimba unxantathu ngesimo.
• Imichilo emhlophe ngayinye inomngcele obonakalayo ocacile, kodwa kunalokho umnyama omncane.
• Ukuhlelwa okumnyama kuyabonakala ngasemaphethelweni we-fin ngayinye.
• Iris ingwephuzi onsundu.

Le clownfish ayinamathiselwe kuhlobo oluthile lwe-anemone yasolwandle futhi ingaphila ngo-typiosis ngama-anemone olwandle amaningana, ngokwesibonelo, i-Stichodactyla mertensii, iHeteractis magnifica noma i-Stichodactyla gigantea.

I-anemone amphiprion noma i-clown ocellaris (Amphiprion ocellaris)

Yikuphi kokuphakeme izinhlanzi zikaNemo ekhathuni?

Ama-clown ocellaris ngombala nokuhlelwa kwemivimbo kubukeka kufana ne-amphiprion ye-orange (i-clown percussion). Ngokucabangela ngokunganaki, kulula kakhulu ukudida. Kepha, uma unaka inani labamnyama ngombala wezinhlobo ngamunye, khona-ke ukwahluka kwabo kusuka komunye nomunye kuba sobala. Futhi ngokuzethemba singasho ukuthi isimungulu - lokhu akuyona i-orange amphiprion (percussion), kepha i-anemone amphiprion (ocellaris).

Ngombala we-clown, ama-percula (Amphiprion percula) amnyama kakhulu ngenxa yemivimbo emnyama ebanzi, enesikhala esiningi ezinhlangothini zomzimba. I-Amphiprion ocellaris inemiphetho emnyama nje emincane ezungeze imivimbo emhlophe namapheya.

Bheka isithombe senhlanzi ye-Clown, ebekwe ngenhla futhi unake izinhlanzi eziyizimungulu: ngombala wayo, omnyama umelwe kuphela yimigqa emincane yama-contours.

Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-amphiprions zincane: abesilisa bavame ukungabi ngamasentimitha angama-6-7, kanti izintokazi zikhulu kakhulu - zifinyelela ku-11 amasentimitha.

I-Chocolate Clown (Amphiprion clarkii)

I-Clarke clark (Amphiprion clarkii) yinhlanzi enkulu ngokuqhathaniswa nama-clown okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla. Ubude besilisa bufika kumasentimitha ayi-10, kanti izinsikazi zikhulu ngokulandelanayo - zifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15.

Kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-brown-tailed clown noma ama-chocolate clown. Amagama anjalo ahambisana nombala: umbala ophuzi we-caudal fin nombala omnyama onsundu. Sesivele sahlangana nama-gour chocolate, nawo athole leli gama ngenxa yombala. Kodwa akufanele ucabange ukuthi i-clark clark ihlala inombala onsundu.

Izici zombala nephethini

Isici esiyingqayizivele se-chocolate clown ukushintshwa kombala wayo njengoba ikhula futhi ikhula. Abantu abasha bavame ukufakwa imibala yombala osawolintshi futhi wonke amaphiko nawo awumbala ofanayo. Lokhu kungabonakala kuvidiyo, ekhombisa izinhlanzi zeminyaka ehlukile futhi, ngokulandelana, ngemibala ehlukene.

Izinhlanzi zabantu abadala zanamuhla zingaba mnyama ngombala, ezihambisana nendawo. Kepha kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, bahlala benemivimbo emithathu ebanzi, edlulayo ngisho emizimbeni yabo, ebangeni elimnyama enomugqa omnyama. Futhi-ke, umsila wokuphuzi uphuzi.

Ukulingana kolwandle kwe-Anemone nezici zokuziphatha

Kunesinye isici esiyingqayizivele sesibili esahlukanisa i-clark clark kusuka kwamanye ama-amphiprion.

I-Clown fish Amphiprion clarkia iyona kuphela izinhlobo ezingasondelana nanoma yimaphi ama-anemone angu-10 wasolwandle angenza njengesihambi sokuphaka.

Ukuba yizinhlanzi ezinjengezimpi, ama-clark clown angakwazi ukuhlasela ngobudlova konke okungathi, ngokubona kwabo, kungaba yingozi kuma-anemones olwandle. Iminwe ye-Aquarist nayo ihlukile: umuntu omkhulu angaluma aze afike egazini. Lokhu kumele kukhunjulwe. Kwabuye kwaqapheleka ukuthi ukuba ne-anemone efanelekile yolwandle, i-chocolate clown idonsa amatshe kuyo. Ngakho-ke inhlanzi ifinyelela kuyo mahhala, futhi ihlala isondelene ne-anemone yayo. Uma izinhlanzi ze-clown e-aquarium zingenalo i-sea anemone, khona-ke izohlala eduze kwamatshe noma kwenye indawo yokukhosela.

I-Red Clown (Amphiprion frenatus)

I-Tomato clown (igama lesiLatini elithi Amphiprion frenatus), elibizwa nangokuthi yi-clown frenatus, lihlukile kwabanye abameleli bohlobo lwe-Amphiprion ngokubakhona komucu omhlophe kuphela. Lo mngcele omncane uncishwe ngomugqa omnyama omncane futhi utholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka engxenyeni yayo yangaphambili. Umbala omkhulu womzimba ubomvu noma o-orange ogcwele, kwesinye isikhathi uze ufinyelele kumnyama. Ngakho-ke, le nhlanzi ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-clown ebomvu. Akakhuli ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-14 futhi namuhla ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezazi zasemanzini.

Ukubomvu noma utamatisi (Amphiprion frenatus)

Izingane eziningi ezikhuliswe ekhathuni enenhlanzi ethule azikholelwa ngokushesha ukuthi i-clown yetamatisi nayo inhlanzi. Ngokubona kwabo, i-Clown kufanele ibe nemivimbo emithathu emhlophe ebonakalayo ngemuva kwangemuva le-orange kanye nomzimba omude ngaphezulu. Kepha manje uyaqonda ukuthi ama-amphiprions eza ngemibala ehlukene kakhulu enezinombolo ezahlukene zemivimbo emhlophe futhi kwesinye isikhathi anomzimba omude. Isibonelo salokhu yi-clown ebomvu. Indawo yemvelo yayo yizihlahla zamakhorali eduze kweziqhingi zaseJapan (iRyukyu), i-Indonesia neMalaysia.

Kulezi zinsuku, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zama-aquarists, kunamapulazi akhethekile lapho ama-phrenatus clown ekhuliswa futhi akhuliswa khona. Lezi zinhlanzi, ezitholakala ngokuzalanisa okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali, zijwayela impilo yasemanzini lula kakhulu kunabantu ababanjwa ngqo ezihlahleni olwandle. Futhi ukugcinwa kwezinhlanzi ezinjalo kulula futhi kunezakwabo zasendle.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-clownfish frenatus ingaphila ebudlelwaneni obuthile kanye nezinhlobo eziningana zama-anemone olwandle (ama-anemone olwandle), okuyizilwane hhayi izitshalo (lokhu kumele kuqondwe). E-aquarium, i-frenatus ingazizwa ihamba kahle ngisho ngaphandle kwe-anemone, uma kunendawo yokukhosela eyanele nxazonke. Kodwa-ke, inhlanzi e-clown e-aquarium ibukeka ithakazelisa ngokwengeziwe lapho ungabona izikhathi zobudlelwano bayo ne-"anemone yakho yasolwandle" (inhlanzi lapho "ihlala" kahle phakathi kwamatende omlingani wayo ongokomfanekiso).

Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-anemone yolwandle zivame ukuhlala phansi kuma-frenatuses e-aquarium: anemone vesicrate noma vesicrate (Entacmea quadricolor) noma ukhrisimu (Heteractis Crispa - anemia letlaloy). Kuvidiyo engenhla, ubuke i-aquarium clownfish phrenatus icashe phakathi kwetabernakele le-anemone yolwandle.

Ubudlelwane be-clownfish kanye ne-anemone

Imfihlakalo enkulu yezinhlanzi ze-Amphiprion ubudlelwano bazo nama-anemones olwandle, phakathi kwamatende lapho athola khona indawo ephephile. Izinhlanzi ezizi-clown ne-anemone yasolwandle zihlala eduze kakhulu, kepha ubuthi obuvikeleka ngamakhompiyutha ahlabayo we-anemone yasolwandle futhi obulala izinhlanzi ezincane awubulali amandla amaningi.

Ubudlelwano obunjalo, ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi i-typiosis, buvela kancane kancane futhi buba ngezigaba:

• Ukujwayelana kokuqala kwe-anemone, inhlanzi e-clown iqala ngokufishane, njengokungathi ngokuthinta ngokungathí sina kwamatende ayo, okokuqala ngamaphiko awo, bese kuba nezinhlangothi zawo.
• Futhi kuphela emva kwalolo "lungiselelo" lapho i-amphiprion ithinta umlingani wayo wesikhathi esizayo ngokuhlangana nawo wonke umzimba.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi “umlutha” onjalo ungathatha ezinhlanzini ezihlukile zokubamba kusuka kumaminithi ambalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa.

Kwenzekani sibonga ngalomuntu ojwayele “ukuzijabulisa”:

• Lapho kuthintwa kokuqala, inhlanzi ibona imithamo emincane yento enobuthi futhi iba namandla kokungayitholi.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho kuthintwa amatende e-anemone ngomzimba wakhe wonke, inhlanzi e-clown ifakwa emgqonyeni kamphambili, okhishwa yi-anemone. Le mucus ihlangana ne-mucus yenhlanzi uqobo, ngenxa yalokho, i-anemone ayisayiboni “indlwana” yayo njengokudla.

Kubalulekile ukuthi inhlanzi ihlale ixhumana ne-anemone "yabo", uma kungenjalo, umquba wokuvikela emzimbeni wakhe uzoshabalala, futhi i-anemone ingayidla.

Ingabe i-amphiprion iyondla i-anemone yayo yolwandle?

Kukholelwa ukuthi inhlanzi ye-aquarium Clown idla i-anemone yayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokubona ukuthi i-amphiprion enocezu lokudla luzama ukucasha ngaphakathi kwamatende e-anemone ukuze kuyidle lapho. Yebo, nezinsalela zokudla kwakhe, uma zivela, nakanjani iya kuma-anemone olwandle. Eqinisweni, ukondla i-anemone ngenhlanzi kusenzeka, kepha akakwenzi ngenhloso.

Isiphetho

Kubalulekile ukuthi unake futhi izinzuzo ezithola izinhlanzi kanye ne-anemone yasolwandle ezingena inqubo ye-Symbiosis:

• I-anemone yasolwandle isebenza njengekhaya elithembekile neliphephile lezinhlanzi, ngakho-ke bakhetha ama-anemone amakhulu anama-tentacle amade, amade futhi ahlelwe ngokuqinile.
• I-Clown fish ihlala ihamba phakathi kwetende le-anemone, futhi ngaleyo ndlela idale imifudlana yamanzi esisusa ukungcola okuhlukahlukene okungaqoqeka kudiski yayo yomlomo.

I-Amphiprion, ibalekela inyamazane, icasha ematendeni e-anemone. Futhi ophishekela ngokwakhe uba isidlo sakusihlwa se-anemone, emqinisa ubuthi. Kwesinye isikhathi i-amphiprion ithatha izinsalela zokukhiqizwa kwe-anemone.

Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo

Indawo engokwemvelo yezinhlanzi ezi-clown ihlanganisa isisekelo solwandlekazi lwePacific nolwaseNdiya. Izidalwa ezinkulu kakhulu zitholakala ogwini lwase-East Africa, nangasogwini lwaseJapan nasePolynesia. I-Clown fish ingumhlali ohlala ezihlalweni zemithi esezimpumalanga zezwekazi lase-Australia.

Emvelweni yemvelo ungathola izinhlobo ezingama-26 ze-amphiprion (Amphiprion), ngale ndlela le nhlanzi ibizwa ngayo ngokwesayensi.

Incazelo Nezici

Imichilo yizinhlanzi ezincane futhi ekudingisweni ayidluli usayizi ongu-7-11 cm. Inomzimba omiswe ngethoshi onebanga lesici ebunzini. Amehlo amnyama nge-orange iris ekhanyayo. Nge "clown fish" kushiwo i-amphiprion ye-orange, kepha emibhalweni eminingi leli gama lihlanganisa lonke uhlobo.

Kunoma ikuphi ubudala, izinhlanzi zinombala ofanayo: imichilo ebunjiwe yewolintshi, enye nenye emhlophe emzimbeni.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-amphiprions anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka evelele, kanye nomuntu ophuzi nobomvu.

I-dorsal fin yenhlanzi eyi-clown ine-notch futhi injengokungathi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, amaphiko we-pectoral aqine futhi anezikhafu, inhlansi ye-caudal ithambile. Zonke izinhlayiya zinepayipi elimnyama elihlukile.

Isici esijabulisayo se-amphiprion ukukhuluma kwayo. Le nhlanzi ye-aquarium yenza ukuqhafaza, ukugaya neminye imisindo eminingi. Yini eyenza inhlanzi eyi-Clown isilwane esijabulisayo nesikhanga ngokwengeziwe.

Ukuphila endalweni

Izixhobo zamakhorali ezigudle ugu lwePapua New Guinea nezinye izindawo ePacific nase-Indian Ocean zinika inhlanzi ehlanzekile indlu, ukudla nokuvikela. Kukhona iningi lawo ikakhulukazi lapho kuhlala khona ama-anemone olwandle ama-anemone olwandle, okukhona kuwo ukuphakama okukhona emzimbeni: imibala ekhanyayo idonsela izinhlanzi ezidla inyama inyama, ama-anemone olwandle adla kuwo, futhi ama-clown acosha izinsalela.

I-Symbiosis enama-anemone olwandle

I-Clownfish ikhetha ama-anemone olwandle abe munye noma ambalwa njengekhaya lawo - ama-coral polyps, aziwa ngama-tentacle awo abulalayo azungeze idiski yomlomo. Zingenwa yinethiwekhi yezintambo ezigwazayo (nematocysts) ezifaka into enobuthi engakhubaza inhlanzi encane noma i-crustacean.

Ngokumangazayo, i-anemone ayilimazi inhlanzi e-clown. Emhlanganweni wokuqala, ubuthi bungena esikhunjeni se-amphiprion nomphisi wawo. Umzimba wezinhlanzi uphendula ngokushesha ovuselelweni futhi uhlakulele ukungazweli kuwo. Ngale ndlela, i-anemone yasolwandle ngokwayo ivikelekile ezinsikeni zayo ezinamathele. Ngemuva kwemizuzu nje embalwa, i-anemone yasolwandle ayisayiboni i-clown njengento yokudla. Ingxube ye-mucus enobuthi yinto yohlobo lokufihla oluvumela ama-anemones ukuthi athathe i-clown fish "njengeyabo". Ukwakheka kwetyhefu kuhlukile ku-polyp ngayinye, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi ezi-clown zizama ukungaxwayi kude nomngane wamathumbu ongowazo.

I-anemone yasolwandle nezinhlanzi ezi-clown ziyisibonelo esijwayelekile sobudlelwano obubizwa ngokuthi i-commensalism.. Lesi yisigaba sokuqala se-Symbiosis, lapho kukhona inzuzo eyodwa, kepha akukho ukuncika okuqinile komunye nomunye. Ama-anemone olwandle afihla imichilo engcupheni phakathi kwama-tentacle awo amaningi, ama-amphiprion adonsa izilwane ezidla ezinye, isibonelo, inhlanzi yamabhabhathane, ku-polyp.

Ekuthunjweni, ama-clown "enza ubungani" ngisho ne-anemone eluhlaza okotshaniwe, ebulalayo kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zasemanzini.

Incazelo

Le yinhlanzi encane enomzimba omude kanye nezinhlaka ezithambile eziyindilinga. Umzimba wakhe umunene, umbozwe ngephethini ngisho, ecacile: amabala amhlophe anomngcele omnyama ekhasini elimnyama le-orange noma obomvu. Izinhlanzi ezi-clown zinamaphiko achazwe kahle, ikakhulukazi umsila we-pectoral, omsulwa. Izibalo nazo ziyindilinga, umlomo utholakala maphakathi, umhlathi ophansi ubukeka umkhulu kunaphezulu. Encazelweni yokubukeka, ungafunda ukuthi isizungulu sifana nexoxo: okufanayo esiyindilinga ngamehlo acwebile kancane. Ubukhulu bomuntu osemdala ekudingisweni ngokuvamile abudluli ku-12 cm.

Ihambisana nezinye izinhlanzi

Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown ziya ngokuhlangana cishe nazo zonke izakhamizi zasemanzini asolwandle, isibonelo, izinhlanzi butterve, chromis, gobies kanye nezinja zolwandle. Noma kunjalo, kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane ezinganconywa ukuthi zigcinwe:

Ubungako obuncane be-aquarium yokugcina i-fish ye-clown kufanele okungenani bube yi-80 * 45 * 35cm, ivolumu - ukusuka kumalitha angama-80.

Ama-Shelter ngesimo samakhorali nama-grottoes awawona aphezulu; ngombono, ama-anemone olwandle aphilayo (iHeteractis magnifica neStichodactyla gigantea) angatshalwa. Isihlabathi samakhorali 3-5 mm ububanzi kufanele njengomhlabathi.

Amapharamitha wamanzi kufanele alandele izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• acidity - 8.1 - 8.4 pH,
• ubukhulu bamanzi ngu-1,021-1.023,
• okuqukethwe usawoti - 34,5 g / l,
• izinga lokushisa - 25-26 ° С.

Ukushintshwa kwamanzi kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngeviki 1/10 wevolumu ephelele, noma kanye njalo emavikini ama-2 nge-1/5. Ukuhlunga, ukuqhutshwa komoya kanye nokuhlanza okufika ngesikhathi kwe-aquarium kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezixhobo zasolwandle ngokufanele.

Ngokusho kolwazi oluvela kwabasizi bamanzi abanolwazi, uma ubukhulu bokubungako be-aquarium yasolwandle, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukugcina ibhalansi kuyo. Kungakho izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezifuywe ingxenye enkulu zinobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Ngakho-ke izinhlanzi zibanzi futhi zilula kumnikazi.

Umsoco

Emvelweni, izinhlanzi ezi-clown zivame ukudla izidlo zenhlanzi ezingadliwa yintombi yabo i-anemone. E-aquarium, ama-amphiprions awafuneki kakhulu ekudleni. Bakudonsa ngenhliziyo ukudla okomile okufakwe izinhlanzi zamadwala, bangayeki i-brine shrimp, igobolondo, i-shrimp ebunjiwe, i-squid noma ingxube yenyama yezinhlanzi kanye nolwandle.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Olwandle, entweni yalo yomdabu, inhlanzi e-clown ihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-10, ngenkathi isezanzini, isikhathi sokuphila siphindwe kabili.

Iqiniso elihehayo ukuthi wonke umkhaza obunjiwe we-amphiprion angabesilisa ekuqaleni. Kokubili izitho zokuzala zabesilisa nabesifazane zikhona, kepha ezangaphambili zikhule kahle, zona ezisencane zazo.

Njengoba bekhula, abantu abakhulu kakhulu baguquka babe ngabesifazane. Uma omunye wabo efa, owesilisa ovelele ushintsha ubulili futhi athathe indawo engenamuntu. Ngemuva kwalokho ukhetha umuntu athandana naye kwezocansi kusuka kwabesilisa abasele.

Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown ziyinyumbazana, ngokwemvelo ukukhanya kwenyanga kuyisisusa sokuqala ukuzalanisa, lapho amadevu wesilisa eba khona osebenza kakhulu. Ekudingisweni, le nto ayibalulekanga kangako.

Insikazi ihluma eduze kwe-anemone yasolwandle, futhi lapho ingekho, eduze kwamakhorali noma ama-grottoes. Inqubo ithatha cishe amahora angama-2 futhi yenzeka ikakhulukazi kusihlwa. Abafuyi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukuvala ukukhanya kwe-aquarium kusuka emahoreni angama-22 kuye kwangama-23 futhi kugcinwe izinga lokushisa lamanzi elingu-26 ° C.

Ubaba osanda kuzalwa ugada ubumbilikhi, asuse amaqanda angenazimpawu kuwo, futhi angene ngaphakathi. Ngokuya ngeminyaka nobukhulu besifazane, ekuhlanzeni okukodwa, angakhipha amaqanda angama-400 kuye kwangama-1500. Isikhathi sokufakelwa sihlala izinsuku ezingama-7 kuye kwezingu-10, emva kwalokho ukubambeka okubandayo. Ukuqala kokudla kubo yi-plankton.

Ubaba uyobavikela kuze kube yilapho sebekhulile, kepha uma kwenziwa, izingane zivame ukubekwa esitsheni esehlukile. Lokhu akubathinti amandla abo okuthuthuka nokukhula.

Izindleko zezinhlanzi ezinama-clown nenqubo yokukhetha

Lapho ukhetha inhlanzi nge-aquarium yakho yasolwandle, udinga ukunikela izithasiselo ezizalwe ekudingisweni. Zithathelwa kakhudlwana empilweni yasolwandle futhi zibekezelela kalula ukucindezela kusuka ekushintsheni kwenkundla.

Ama-amphiprions asendle angatheleleka nge-oodiniosis, i-cryptocariosis kanye ne-brooklinellosis, kubuhlungu kakhulu ukufudukela kumthamo omkhawulo futhi kuvame ukufa kulokhu.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela isilwane esizayo. Izinhlanzi kufanele zibe nombala ocebile, izikali ezibushelelezi, amehlo ahlanzekile, acacile. I-clown kufanele ibe yi-clown: ezinyakazayo, ezihlekisayo, ezisebenzayo.

Kungcono ukuthenga izinhlanzi kubalimi abethembekile abanazo zonke izitifiketi ezidingekayo. Izindleko zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu (i-amphiprion ocellaris) zingama-ruble ayi-1000, ezinye izinhlobo ngokuya ngeminyaka nangosayizi zilinganiselwa kuma-ruble angama-2000-4000.

Inhlanzi ye-Aquarium Clown ibhekwa njengeyona engacabangi kunazo zonke izinhlanzi zamakhorali. Ilungele izinhlobo ezinkulu zamamanzini asolwandle ehhovisi noma endaweni yokudlela, kanye nasekugcinweni kwezindlu. Indawo yamakhorali enama-anemones nama-amphiprions ihlala ibukeka emangazayo, futhi ukubuka umhlambi wezinhlanzi ezigqamile ezinenhlokomo kuyosilethela injabulo enkulu kumnini wazo.

Izinhlobo ze-amphiprions

Zonke izinhlobo ziyahluka ngombala, ukuma kobuso kanye nosayizi womzimba:

• I-Tomato clown (ebomvu) - isizinda esibomvu esawolintshi lapho imicu emhlophe ebanzi enomugqa omnyama omncane ongaqapheleki ogijimayo endaweni yama-gill. Amehlo amnyama. Amapende ngombala womzimba, umgogodla usuka ekhanda uya emsileni. Inhlanzi ikhula ize ibe ngu-11 cm. Emvelweni, ihlala phakathi kwama-anemones anjalo, okunzima kakhulu ukuyigcina e-aquarium yasekhaya, ngakho-ke ama-clown utamatisi afakwa kuma-grottoes,

• I-Moorish Clown - umbala womzimba ububomvu, imigwaqo emithathu emhlophe ehlukile iyadlula: eduze kwe-gill, enkabeni nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Ubukhulu bezinhlanzi zabantu abadala bufika ku-14 cm. Ku-aquarium, uncamela ukuhlala nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-anemone

• I-ampegated amphiprion - imvamisa yezinhlanzi zewolintshi ezinomugqa omhlophe eduze komlomo ophuma phezulu ziye kumapayipali. Amaphine we-lateral ne-spinal are translucent, dim. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa - 11 cm no-cm cm, ngokulandelana,

• I-Orange amphiprion - ifana ne-mottled nombala, nosayizi. Kepha umucu we-orange clown ngemuva ubanzi futhi ucace, futhi kukhona nomsila omhlophe,
• I-Clarke's Clown, i-chocolate amphiprion yinhlanzi enesimo esiyindilinga: umzimba ovundile ovundile, amaphiko amakhulu, umunyu ungathi uhlukaniswe kabili: phakathi, imisebe imfushane kunasemaphethelweni. Umbala oyinhloko womzimba umnyama nge-tint ephuzi, okuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokukhanya, ithole i-hue lekhethi elimnyama. Izikhumba nobuso ziphuzi. Imivimbo emithathu emhlophe igijimela emzimbeni wonke: ngemuva nje kwamehlo, phakathi nendawo kanye nomsila. E-aquarium ikhula ibe ngu-10 cm,

• UClown Ocellaris - uNemo ofanayo ovela kukhathuni, lo mbala uthathwa njenge-amphiprion yakudala. Ngemuva kwesizinda esibomvu se-orange kukhona imithende emithathu emhlophe eshintshashintshashintshashintshashintshi, ngamunye unomngcele omnyama. Amaphinifa omgogodla ne-anal anciphise imisebe phakathi (kulapho kudlula khona umucu omhlophe ophakathi). Emaphethelweni awo wonke amaphini kungahle kube nokuhlangana okumnyama. Kwesinye isikhathi imivimbo emhlophe ihlangana ibe amabala, lokhu kungenye yezinketho zemibala. Usayizi wezinhlanzi zabantu abadala - kufika ku-12 cm,

• I-perculus clown icishe ifane ne-ocellaris, kunomehluko omncane enanini lemisebe ye-dorsal fin kanye nasesimweni somzimba: ama-percule anobuyisi obuyisiyingi elibuhlungu kancane. Ubukhulu - kufika ku-11 cm.

Wonke ama-clown anesikhathi sokuphila esithandekayo: kuze kube iminyaka eyi-10-11. Mangaki ama-amphiprion ahlala e-aquarium ngokuya ngezimo zokuboshwa: imvamisa iminyaka emi-5-7.

Ukuhlelwa kwe-Aquarium

• Umthamo we-aquarium uvela kumalitha ayi-100 ngembhangqwana eyodwa yezinhlanzi. Emanzini asolwandle lokhu kubhekwa njengevolumu encane kakhulu, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukugcina amapharamitha alungile ngezinga elinjalo. Wabasaqalayo banconywa ukuthi baqale ngenani lamalitha okungenani angama-300 nemhlambi yama-amphiprion angama-5-6,
• Inhlabathi - isihlabathi samakhorali nengxenye ka-3-5 mm,
• Isihlungi sebhayoloji kumele sibe namandla ngokwanele ukudala ukugeleza. Uma kukhona i-anemone emanzini, ukugeleza kwamanzi kufanele kuqondiswe kuwo,
• I-Aeration - umoya kumele uqhamuke kwi-compressor ekhethekile ngobuningi obanele ubusuku nemini,
• Ukukhanyisa - izibani ezikhethekile zama-olwandle asolwandle (ama-marina glo nabanye) kuzoba ngumthombo wokukhanya ofanele we-biotope. Ukukhanya kufanele kube okukhulu ekukhuleni kwesitshalo okuhle kanye nentuthuko,
• E-aquarium yasolwandle, kufana isixhumo sedwala: amakhorali nama-anemones olwandle ahlala esisekelweni. Ngohlobo ngalunye lwe-clown udinga ukukhetha i-anemone efanele. Isibonelo, kwi-Nemo ethandwayo, i-anemone bubbly, i-carpet giant, i-Haddoni ebunjiwe ifanelekile. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, esikhundleni sama-anemones, ama-grottoes, indawo yokukhosela, ama-mink kufakiwe,

Amapharamitha wamanzi

• Ukushisa 22-27 ° C,
• Ubunzima 4-20 °,
• Ukukhanya 8-8.4 pH,
• Ubuningi bumayelana ne-1.022-1.025,
• Usawoti 34,5 g / l.

• Ukushintshwa kwamasonto onke kwama-20% amanzi ngamanzi alungiselelwe kusengaphambili (njalo ngenyanga kuvunyelwe, uma isimo se-aquarium sivuma). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amanzi olwandle olwenziwe ngokufana afane ngamapharamitha kulelo elise-aquarium,
• Ukuhlanza okunembile kwenhlabathi nge-siphon kanye njalo emavikini angu-1-2,
• Lapho kukhona ama-anemone olwandle kanye nezinye izakhamizi, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uthola ukudla. Kwezinye izimo (ngokwesibonelo, uma kukhona i-shrimp) udinga ukondla i-anemone yolwandle ngokwehlukana.

Ukondla

Ukuze izinhlanzi zikwazi ukuvumelana futhi zibe nempilo, ukondliwa kufanele kwehluka:

• Ukudla okomile okhethekile ukugcina umbala namavithamini,
• Ukudla okubukhoma nokuqandisiwe: ifilidi le-pollock, shrimp, squid nokunye okuphila kwasolwandle (artemia, krill).

Ama-Clown awesabekayo futhi athembekile ekudleni. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuqapha inani lokuphakelayo, ngoba ukudla okungabonakali kungakhuphula ibhalansi yamanzi.

Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana

Njengoba izinhlanzi ze-clown zinokuthula futhi zizolile, futhi ezimweni ze-aquarium nazo azisebenzi, kungcono ukuzigcina use-aquarium enkulukazi. Akufanele uxube izinhlobo eziningana ze-amphiprion nomunye ukuze uvikele ukulwa kwensimu. Inhlanzi ngayinye inezindleko eziphakeme, ngakho-ke umnikazi kufanele ayinakekele ngokukhethekile impilo yayo.

Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown zihlukaniswe ngababili, ngayinye ikhetha eyayo i-anemone yolwandle. Uma kungekho ama-anemones, ama-clown akhetha i-grotto efanele, amakhorali noma umhume. Uma kunezinhlanzi eziningana ku-aquarium, ne-anemone yolwandle incane, ababuthakathaka kakhulu bazohlala ngaphandle kwezindlu. Lokhu kumele kubhekwe ukuze kuhlonywe i-biotope ngamakhamero ongeziwe ngesikhathi.

Abamele abangenalo ulaka lokujula kolwandle kufanelekile njengomakhelwane: ama-shrimps, izinhlanzi ezincane ezinokuthula.

Ungawuthola kanjani ubulili

Kuqala, onke ama-amphiprion Clown azalwa abesilisa. Ngenqubo yokuphila, abanye bashintsha ubulili, baba ngabesifazane. Uma ku-biotope izinsikazi ziqala ukushoda (ngokwesibonelo, omunye wabashadikazi afe), owesilisa angashintsha ubulili futhi athole umlingani omusha. Imvamisa insikazi yande kaningana kowesilisa. Umkhiqizi wesilisa emhlanjini umkhulu kunabo bonke abanye abesilisa, kodwa uma efa, inhlanzi ethatha indawo yakhe iqala ukukhula ngokushesha.

Ukuzalela nokuzalela

I-Clown fish ingazalela ku-aquarium yasekhaya. Le nqubo iqine impela, ukukhula okuncane kwenzeka emavikini angama-3-4.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ama-amphiprions aziveza ngokwawo. Ukusuka kumuntu wasemanzini, udinga kuphela ukukhetha abantu abazalwe ekudingisweni: ngakho-ke amathuba okuzala azoba aphezulu. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda, futhi emva kokuvundiswa, abazali besikhathi esizayo babaqaphe kuze kubonakale ukuthosa (izinsuku ezingama-8-10). Ukukhula osemncane kungabekwa kude, noma kushiywe ekunakekelweni kowesilisa okwazi, ngokusemandleni akhe, ukuwaqapha aze akhule.

Izifo Nokuvimbela

Ngokuyisisekelo, izifo ze-amphiprion zihlobene nekhwalithi yamanzi. Kungaba:

• Ubuthi be-Amoniya: Izibhalo ezishisiwe, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo,
• Ubuthi ngama-nitrate nama-nitrites: i-lethargy, ilele phansi,
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane (ngokwesibonelo, ichthyophthyroidism noma i-oodiniosis, nakho okuvame kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezintsha): isikali sikhukhumala, ukudoba kwenhlanzi, amabala amhlophe angashayi eceleni emzimbeni, ukulunywa, njll.
• Ukuguguleka kwekhanda nomugqa we-lateral: ukubukeka kwamakhanda ekhanda naphakathi komzimba, okuthi ezimweni eziphambili kubuye kungena ngokujulile futhi kujule ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kube nezilonda ezijulile.

• Ukuqashwa njalo kwamapharamitha wamanzi,
• Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokunakekela i-aquarium yasolwandle,
• Ukuhambisana nohlelo lokudla,
• Lapho uqala kabusha noma wenza i-biotope entsha, udinga ukulinda kuze kube yilapho amanzi edlula kumjikelezo we-nitrogen,
• Ngokwengeziwe, ungabeka i-shrimp kadokotela e-aquarium nge-amphiprions, ebhubhisa ama-causative agents wezifo ezithile.