Uqhwaku olude, olugobile lwe-Curlew luyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuqoqa ama-mollusks, iminenke nezibungu esihlabathini solwandle nasolitini. I-curlew enkulu ngesikhathi sokuzingela ayidingi amehlo, ngoba ithola isisulu ngosizo lwethiphu elizwelayo lomlomo. Ezindaweni zama-curlews ebusika ebhukuda emanzini angajulile, ebamba i-fry ne-shrimp ephuma emanzini. Izinyoni zihlola ulwelwe oluphonswe ogwini, zisuka kuzo imifantu yasogwini. I-Curlew enomlomo omude ibamba inyamazane bese inikina ikhanda, iwuqhubekele phakathi umphimbo. Ezindaweni ezidlekayo ezingaphakathi ezwekazini, ama-curlews amakhulu adla izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, iminyundu, ama-mollusks namaxoxo amancane. Ehlobo, izinyoni ziqoqa amabhungane emasimini nasemadlelweni.
LAPHO UKUPHILA
Eminyakeni engama-60 eyedlule, uCurlew wayethathwa njengowakuhlala khona ogwini olusogwini nasezindaweni eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu ngalesi sikhathi: indawo yezindawo zemvelo yezinhlobo yancishiswa kakhulu kangangokuba izinyoni zaqala ukuhlangana kwezinye izindawo - emadlelweni nasemadlelo. Kepha amandla alezi zinhlobo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha awanamkhawulo, ikakhulukazi ngoba umsebenzi wezomnotho omningi womuntu ohambisana nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kukamanyolo wokufakelwa kanye nezibulala zinambuzane uxosha inyoni kulezi zindawo. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo ama-curlews ahlala engxenyeni engaphakathi yezwekazi, kuthi ekwindla andize aye ezindaweni zobusika ogwini lolwandle. Ngaphandle kokuthi kunokudla okwanele ngasogwini lweCentral Europe ngalesi sikhathi, ama-curlews amakhulu andizela ogwini oluseningizimu naseNyakatho Afrika.
Ukusikisela
I-Curlew imvamisa isidleke marshland evulekile, ezimfundweni nasemadlelweni, kwesinye isikhathi ezindaweni ezihlathini. Owesilisa ukhetha indawo esidlekeni: ungena endaweni, njengoba kubikwa ngendiza ebukekayo, ehambisana nokukhala kwakhe okukhulu. Owesifazane, obebonakala eduzane, uheha ngomdanso oyingqayizivele.
Lapho insikazi yehlela emhlabathini, izindilinga zabesilisa zimzungezile, zinwebeka phambi kwakhe kuze kube yilapho sezithandana futhi zivuthana. Isidleke se-Curlew ngumgodi omncane oboshwe ngotshani nezinye izitshalo. Owesifazane, ngokunqunyelwa kwezinsuku ezingama-1-3, ubeka amaqanda amane egumbini lokuphumula, elizizalela zombili izinyoni.
Ama-Curlews aziphatha ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sezidleke. Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuqashwa, wonke umndeni uthuthela ezindaweni ezivikelwe kakhudlwana. Ama-Curlews avikela ngesibindi amachwane ezitheni.
TURNSTER OBSERVATIONS
Amapayipi ahlukahlukene ahlanganisiwe omaskandi awubopha kahle ngemuva kwesizinda sezimila ezizungezile. UCurlew uqaphela kakhulu, Futhi eqaphela umuntu, ngokushesha uyandiza ahambe, akhulume i-melodic "Ku-i". Imvamisa, imisindo kuphela efakazela ubukhona benyoni - isimilo esiyisikhumbuzo sikhumbuza umculo weflishi. Imisindo ephakeme ikakhulukazi yengoma yesilisa kwesinye isikhathi ifana nokujaha kwethwane. I-Curlew ihlukile kwezinye izinyoni ngesimo sesimo somlomo.
Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.
- Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ama-curlews ahlanganiswa abe yimihlambi emikhulu. Benza izindiza ebusuku, bese kuthi ebumnyameni uzwe kuphela ukukhala kwabo.
- Isigqi sokuphila kwezinyoni ezihlala ogwini sincike ekuhambeni nasekuhambeni, ezibuye zibuye ngezikhathi ezithile, hhayi ekushintsheni kwemini noma ebusuku. Esimweni esiphakeme, izinyoni ziya phumula, futhi ezindaweni eziphansi zifuna ukudla.
- Uqhwaku lowesifazane onqenqemeni lungamasentimitha ama-5 ubude kunoqhwaku lowesilisa, ngakho-ke ababambisene bangondla ndawonye endaweni efanayo esegwini, bangaqhudelani, ngoba bafuna ukudla ekujuleni okuhlukile.
IZIPHUMA ZESIKHALAZO esikhulu
Indiza: owesilisa umaka indawo yawo futhi uheha insikazi endizeni eyi-zigzag.
Amaqanda: Amaqanda ama-4 aluhlaza okotshani okwenziwe ngezinsuku ezingama-30 bobabili abazali bashintshana ngokuhlukile.
I-Plumage: i-motley, nsundu. Umbala ovikelekile wenza umsebenzi ocashile, njengoba ama-curlews esidleke phakathi kwezimila eziphansi nezihlahla ezinde.
Beak: umlomo wensikazi ungaba ngu-5 cm ubude kunoqhwaku lowesilisa. Ukuphela okubucayi komlomo kubantu bobabili ubulili kusebenza ngokukhangela inyamazane.
- Indawo yokuhlala kuka Curlew
LAPHO ISIQINISO SIhlala
UCurlew uhlala eYurophu naseNyakatho ye-Asia. Ibanga le-Nesting - insimu esuka e-Ireland entshonalanga iye eSiberia empumalanga, iNhlonhlo yeBalkan noLwandle lweCaspian eningizimu. Le nyoni icashe ngezinyawo eNtshonalanga naseNingizimu Yurophu, eNyakatho Afrika naseningizimu ye-Asia.
UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA
Ukuthuthuka kwezimboni nezokuvakasha kusongela ubukhona bezindawo zokubhukuda. Balahlekelwe yizingosi zabo zemvelo, ama-curlews ayaphoqelelwa ukuba azale ezihlangeni.
Uhlala kuphi
I-Curlew itholakala ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nendawo naseningizimu yeRussia yaseYurophu. Izindlela ezikhethekile zokuvikela zidingeka ngabantu abahlala ezindaweni eziseBryansk, eLeningrad, Smolensk, Tver, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, kanye naseChuvashia, Mari El, Udmurtia. Kepha ngaphandle kokuthi i-curlew enkulu ihlala lapha, kulezi zindawo ingahlangatshezwa kakhulu. Izindawo ezinamanzi amanzana nezikhukhula, izindawo zemifudlana nemifudlana, amadlelo, imigwaqo nemifula egcwele kakhulu - ezindaweni ezinjalo kusenethemba lokubona i-curlew.
Izimpawu zangaphandle
Ama-curlews ayizinyoni eziphakathi nendawo ezifinyelela kubude obungu-60 cm futhi zingaba nesisindo kusuka ku-600 g kuya ku-1 kg. Babenegama labo elithile - "elikhulu" - hhayi neze ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuxakile, kepha ngoba kukhona umuntu angaqhathaniswa naye. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-curlews amancane naphakathi ahlala eRussia, osayizi bawo acishe abe mancane.
Uqhwaku olude lwe-curlew ligobile phansi
Isici sangaphandle senyoni ingubhaku obude obukhothwe phansi. Owesifazane nowesilisa kungaziwa ukuthi bangahlukaniseki ngaphandle, ngaphandle kokuthi insikazi ibukeka ikhudlwana. Umbala ovamile we-plumage ngu-brownish-grey ngenani elincane lemoto emnyama. Izinyoni ezincane zifana kakhulu nabantu abadala, kuphela zinombala obomvu-buffy ezinemibala yazo. Ama-Curlews ubusika eMedithera, kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu.
Indlela Yokuphila Nokuzala
Ukwakheka kombhangqwana oshadile eCurlews kwandulelwa yimidlalo yokuzalelisa, okuthi, njengamanye amaCharadrium, avele endizeni. Abesilisa bavuka phezulu emoyeni, baphendukele, bawe phansi ngetshe, bese baphinda futhi ngokushesha esibhakabhakeni. Bangakwazi ukulenga isikhathi eside emoyeni, benze imisindo efana nokukhonkotha kwesidlwane - ngamagama, benza izinto ezingenakucatshangwa. Ama-curlews ayizinyoni ezinyantisa igazi. Banombala owodwa ngonyaka, futhi uma kwenzeka kufa, cishe akuqali. Ama-Curlews aqala ukuzalanisa eneminyaka emibili. Ezimweni eziningi, akhetha ukuhlala kude nezinye izinyoni. Kwesinye isikhathi, kepha-ke, bahlala ezindaweni ezincane zamabili ngazimbili endaweni enomkhawulo.
Ama-curlews enza isidleke nje emhlabathini, ekucindezelekeni okuncane, futhi ahlukanise indlu ngokucophelela. I-clutch yamaqanda amathathu noma amane ifukelwa owesilisa ngowesifazane izinsuku ezingama-32- 38. Ngeshwa, amaphuphu amaningi abulawa izinyamazane. Isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuvela kwamawundlu, umndeni ufudukela ezindaweni eziphephe ngokwengeziwe.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ama-curlews adla ikakhulu ama-invertebrates kanye nama-vertebrates amancane: amasele, izingwe, njll. Lezi zinyoni zisebenzisa umlomo wazo omude futhi omncane njengama-tweezers, zikhipha ama-mollusks kumagobolondo awo futhi zizitholela ukwelashwa.
Ebusika nangesikhathi sokufuduka, azenqabeli ukudla kwezitshalo - amahlumela amasha nembewu. Ama-Curlews andiza kahle, abhukuda kahle, futhi ahamba ezolile futhi angcebeleka emhlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi ahlala isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa. Bathanda ukukhululeka eduze kwamanzi, bemi emlenzeni owodwa babheke ibanga - ingabe inyamazane efiselekayo ibanga kuphi?
Encwadini Ebomvu YaseRussia
I-Curlew iyinyoni eyivelakancane kakhulu; ngisho nochwepheshe ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuhlangana nayo, ingasaphathwa eyokuqaphela okungahleliwe. Kulesi zinhlobo, njengabanye abaningi, izindawo zemvelo ezingaphazanyiswa, lapho ibhalansi yemvelo isagcinwa, ibaluleke kakhulu. Futhi izindawo ezinjalo, ngeshwa, ziya ngokuya zincipha.
Iqiniso elihehayo
Ukukhala kwekhonkwane kubukeka kudabukisa kakhulu futhi kufana nemisindo "yentuthu, intuthu, nentuthu." Mhlawumbe kwakuvela kulemisindo lapho igama lesiNgisi elithi Curlew laqhamuka khona - i-Curlew. Kuliqiniso, ukukhala okunjalo kuvame ukukhutshwa ngabesilisa, hhayi abesifazane. Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, i-curlew iculo elisebenza ukumaka imingcele yezindawo ngazinye.
I-Curlew iwuphawu lwesiqiwu seRdeisky reservation, esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod. Inyoni yango-2011 eBelarus isimemezele ngokusemthethweni iCurlew.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Umbuso: izilwane (Animalia).
Uhlobo: chordates (Chordata).
Ibanga: izinyoni (i-Aves).
Isigcawu: I-Charadriiformes.
Umndeni: i-snipe (Scolopacidae).
Ubulili: I-Curlew (Numenius).
Buka: I-Curlew enkulu (iNumenius arquata).