Sanibonani nonke! Yiziphi izinhlanzi ezingenakudonswa kakhulu i-aquarium enamalitha angama-20 noma angama-50 amanzi? Manje siyeluleka. I-aquarium enhle enezinhlanzi ezinemibala iyamukelekile futhi iyimfashini engaphakathi ekhaya. Ngaphezu kwenhloso yobuhle, i-aquarium ingenisa induduzo eyengeziwe emoyeni futhi ikuvumela ukuba uphumule ngokuphelele.

Kepha konke kunezinhlangothi ezimbili zohlamvu lwemali futhi i-aquarium ayifani. Imvamisa indawo yokuhlala ekhaya, ikakhulukazi i-aquarium, iyisivumelwano sabazali kwizidingo eziphikisayo zezingane zabo. Isikhathi esithile, ingane igxile ngokuphelele kwizakhamuzi zasemanzini, kodwa ekugcineni, imvamisa, ukuyinakekela iwela emahlombe abantu abadala.

Futhi kubantu abadala, ikakhulukazi abazali, isikhathi ngokuvamile sihlelwa ngemizuzu.

Inhlanzi engathobeki kakhulu ye-aquarium

Indlela enhle yokuphuma inhlanzi ezingenakubekelwa amanzi e-aquarium, ezidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane futhi ngasikhathi sinye okujabulisa iso ngaphandle kwezimbangi zabo ikakhulukazi "ezigcwele kahle". Kuma-aquarists okuqala, izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlanzi zifanelekile, azibekelwa amanzi, isikhala, ukudla kanye nomakhelwane.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ngombala guppies iwolintshi izinkemba mhlophe zebrafish nokwehluka amabha (cishe izinhlobo ezingama-200!) - lolu uhlu olusezingeni eliphansi lwezilwane ezifuywayo ezizokujabulisa nsuku zonke ngobuhle bazo ngaphandle kwezindleko zesikhathi ezikhethekile zokuzinakekela.

UDanio rerio e-aquarium

Umlayezo umlungu_xxi »Mar 01, 2012 11:16 PM

Nanso abanye abamele umhlaba we-aquarium engiwuthanda kakhulu.

UMbuso: Izilwane
Uhlobo: Chordates
Isigaba: Inhlanzi yamathambo
Oda: Carp
Umndeni: Carp
Ndodo: UDanio
Ukubuka: UDanio Rerio
Igama lesi Latin
UDanio rerio
(Hamilton, 1822)

UDanio rerio ungowezinhlanzi ezihlanza, ube nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Izinhlanzi zinokuthula, ziyafunda, zisebenza kakhulu, ziyagxumagxuza, njengokukhanya nokusobala, amanzi acebe umoya-mpilo, maningi amathuba okuba zihlale ungqimba olungaphezulu lwamanzi. UDanio rerio uvame ukuhlala eminyakeni emi-2,5 kuye kwengama-5. Njengoba zihamba ngokuqhubekayo, zakha amandla ashukumisayo anika ubanzi indawo yasemanzini. Ingagcinwa e-aquarium ejwayelekile, evaliwe ngenhla, lapho, kanye nezitshalo, kufanele kube khona indawo eyanele yokubhukuda. I-femu Danio rerio kulula ukuyihlukanisa ukusuka kowesilisa kuphela lapho umuntu esekhulile - insikazi inesisu esiyindilinga xaxa, eyeduna iba nenhle ngokwedlulele. Kunezimbili zezinsizwa. Ukulawula ukugcwala kahle kunoma iyiphi inkampani yezinhlanzi, uDanio rerio uphile isikhathi eside futhi akuvamile ukuthi agule. UDanio rerio udambisa izinhlanzi ezinolaka. Zikhetha amanzi amile futhi ahamba kancane.

IHabitat - izinhlanzi ezingaphezulu kwezingxenyeni ezisogwini zezindawo zokuma futhi ezigeleza kancane zeSoutheast Asia, zivame ukuntanta phakathi kweziqu zezitshalo zasemanzini notshani basogwini olulengiswe emanzini. Lapha ufuna inyamazane yakhe - ama-invertebrates amancane. Lapha, izinsalela zenhlanzi, zihlakaza amaqanda emahlathini aminyene zezitshalo zasogwini. UDanio ungenye yezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile ze-aquarium. Izinhlanzi zihamba kakhulu futhi azithobeki. Zihlala ngisho nasezinhlanzini ezincane kakhulu zasemanzini. UDanio rerio uhlala ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingqimba zamanzi eziphakathi nendawo. Uma kwenzeka besaba, bangakwazi ukuphuma emanzini, ngakho-ke i-aquarium kumele imbozwe ngesimbozo esiqinile. UDanio kungcono ugcinwe eqenjini lezinhlanzi ezingama-8-10.

Ukubukeka: abesilisa bahlala bedlala futhi bejahana. Ukubuka ukuhamba kwe-zebrafish okusheshayo nokunomusa kuyamjabulisa kwabathanda i-aquarium. UDanio rerio unemibala yasekuqaleni enemicu. Umzimba omncane wezinhlanzi ufinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-5. Emakhondeni omlomo kukhona iqoqo lezinyamazane ezincane eziqondiswe phansi. Imivimbo ehambelana nobude bemibala emibili - utshani ophuzi noma ophuzi nohlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okotshani, okokushintshana, kudlula kuwo wonke umzimba wenhlanzi, ukuqala ezembozweni ze-gill, adlulela emihlanjini ye-caudal ne-anal. Lemivimbo ibanzi engxenyeni ephakathi yomzimba (ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane) futhi ithambekele ekhanda nasemsileni. Amaphiko asele anombala ophuzi, onqenqemeni lwasemva komphetho wedeshi elihlanganisiwe ngomugqa omnyama. Owesifazane uhluka kowesilisa esiswini ngokuphelele.

Izindlela Zokuzala

ngamaphiko weveli,

Ukuzala: Ukuzala kwenzeka ngezinyanga ezi-3-6. Ukuthola ukuqhuma kwe-zebrafish kulula kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kuyadingeka, okokuqala, ukutshala abesilisa nabesifazane izinsuku eziningana, ukubabeka kuma-aquariums (mhlawumbe kubanzi - kusuka kumalitha ayi-10) ngokushisa okungaphezulu kuka-20 ° C, ukondla kakhulu ngama-bloodworms noma ama-daphnias abomvu. Ukulungela kowesifazane ukuqhekeka kunqunywa ukwakheka kwesisu. Kwabesifazane abane-caviar evuthiwe, ingandiswa kakhulu hhayi kuphela kwangaphandle, kodwa nasengxenyeni engasemuva eseceleni kwe-anal fin. Njengesizathu sokunwebeka, kunconywa ukusebenzisa iziqukathi ezincane ezineglasi elivele obala (ama-aquariums amalitha ama-3-12 noma izimbiza zeglasi). Abathandi abaningi ababeki isihlabathi phansi, ngoba kwenza kube nzima ukubuka ukukhukhula nokuqandusela amaqanda. Ezitsheni ezinezitezi ezingezansi, konke kufanele kumbozwe nge-mincemeat ehlanjwe kahle noma ngefontinalis, okumele ichotshozwe kahle ngamatshe amatshe. Ezimbizeni ezinezitebele ezansi, i-moss ifakwa kwindandatho eceleni komphetho wangaphandle ongezansi futhi icindezelwe ngokucophelela ngamatshe amatshe. Indawo enamaphaphu igcwele amanzi avela emanzini ahlanzekile, adlule ku-siphon bese enothiswa umoya-mpilo noma amanzi amasha ahleliwe. Izinga lamanzi emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele libe phakathi kuka-5-8 cm, ukuze kube khona isikhala samahhala angama-3-4 cm ngaphezu kwesendlalelo se-moss. "Isidleke" sabakhiqizi (abesilisa ababili noma abathathu nowesifazane oyedwa) sitshaliwe, ngcono kusihlwa, endaweni evulekile ebekwe maduze kwamafasitela noma kuso. Amazinga okushisa kwamanzi awanandaba kangako, i-zebrafish spawn zombili ku-17 no-25 ° C. Ngobusuku bonke, izinhlanzi zijwayela igumbi elisha, futhi ngakusasa ekuseni, lapho nje izinkundla ezivulekile sezikhanyiselwe ngokwanele futhi izitshalo ziqala ukukhiqiza umoya-mpilo, kuqalisa ukuqalwa. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukunyakaza okusheshayo okungahle kubonwe ku-aquarium kunokuhamba kwe-zebrafish evele ngokushesha. Ukuguqula umbani ngokushesha, izinhlanzi zigijimela azungeze i-aquarium, futhi abesilisa bajaha insikazi bazama ukuyishaya esiswini. Kungekudala, enye yezinsikazi yehlulwa ngabesilisa, okuthi, ngokushaywa okuqinile esiswini, bashaye amaqanda kuye, bakhiphe ubisi. I-tag ilandela ngokulandelana ngokuphazamiseka okungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu. Inqubo yonke yokusaphaza ngokuvamile ayidluli ihora. Inani lamaqanda asikiwe kuncike ngosayizi nasezingeni lokulungela lowesifazane (amaqanda angama-50-400). Ukunwebeka kungatholakali esidlekeni kuphela, kepha futhi nakuma-zebrafish, kodwa-ke, kuleli cala, amaqanda avundisiwe angaphansi kakhulu. Emikhunjini ebanzi, izidleke eziningana zingatshalwa ukuze ziphume. Ngemuva kokuphela kwelebula, abakhiqizi kufanele basuswe ngokuhlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane. Ilebuli kufanele iphindwe emuva kwesonto nesigamu, kungenjalo amaqanda azothela, i-fry ngeke isebenze, kwezinye izimo owesifazana uyokwenqaba ukuphonsa nhlobo. Owesifazane oyedwa anganikeza amalitha angama-5 kuye kwayi-6 ngokulandelana. Imvamisa, ngemuva kokufika kokuhlwanyela, amabhulukwe abesifazane abe yizitshalo futhi angaphenduli lapho umuntu efikelwa ukuqomisana kwabesilisa. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yakhe yezocansi ayikavuthi noma igcwele. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlaka, abakhiqizi kufanele bashiywe ezindaweni ezinamanzi izinsuku ezimbili, bondle ngosuku lwesibili nge-warworm. Uma ukuqhuma kungalandeli, futhi isisu sowesifazane singesikhulu kakhulu, kufanele sitshalwe siphinde sondliwe kahle izinsuku ezimbalwa. Owesifazane ogcwele owenqabayo ukuphonsa kufanele abanjwe ngokuqhuma emhlabathini aqalaze futhi aboshwe ngokotini omanzi phakathi kwesithupha nokugoba inkomba yomunwe wesandla sokunxele futhi anyathele i-caviar kuyo ngokucindezela ngokucophelela kwesandla somunwe wesandla sokudla. Uma ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokucophelela, insikazi ibutha amaqanda ngokushesha futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5 ingatshalwa ukuze iqhume. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngemuva kokufika kokuhlwanyela, insikazi ibhukuda ngomkhumbi ngomkhumbi, kanti owesilisa akaqali ukuzala. Ngemuva kokugcina isidleke esinjalo endaweni yokunwebeka izinsuku ezimbili, abakhiqizi kufanele bahlale phansi, futhi, lapho sebephakamise okushisa okuncane kwabesilisa, babondle kakhulu baze baqale ukujaha kakhulu. Ama-Amateurs ahlala ekhononda ngokuthi i-zebrafish ayiphonsa noma i-caviar embi. Lokhu kwehluleka kuvame ukuchazwa ngokuqukethwe kwenhlanzi okungajwayelekile. Ngaphambi kokuqhekeka, abakhiqizi bagcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme nokudla okuningana, amaqanda ezinsikazi agqamile, futhi “bakhule”, benqaba ukuphonsa. Ukugwema lokhu, sincoma ukuthi i-zebrafish eyenzelwe amathegi igcinwe ebusika emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-17-19 ° C, inikeze okuncane okuphakelayo. Isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwamaqanda sincike ekushiseni. Nge-26- 28 ° C, i-hatch hatch ngemuva kwamahora angama-30-36; ku-16 ° C, ukuthuthukiswa kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto. Ufryhi obhekwe emaqandeni ulenga izinsuku eziningana, unamathiselwe izitshalo noma izingilazi, bese uqala ukubhukuda. Ezinsukwini zakuqala zondliwa ngama-ciliates noma "uthuli"-ke, lapho zikhula, zishintshela kokuphakelayo okukhudlwana, bese konke udoti kudluliselwa egumbini elinobubanzi obukhulu. Ekushiseni okungu-26 - 27 ° C, ukushaya nokudla okuningi, izingane zivuthwa ngokocansi ezinyangeni ezi-2,5 - 3. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, intuthuko incipha.

Kubhekwa njengokuguqulwa kofuzo olulodwa kwe-Danio rerio enemigqa. Izinhlanzi zomndeni we-carp. ILeopard Danio rerio ingenye yezinhlanzi ezilula kakhulu zokugcinwa kwe-aquarium. Umzimba osindisiwe ongafika ku-5cm ubude. Kunezimbili zezinsizwa. Ihlala emizimbeni yamanzi yaseNdiya. Kukhona ukuhlukahluka kwe-Danio rerio enamaphini alungile. Emuva kuluhlaza okotshani (umbala we-olive), izinhlangothi nezisu zikhazimula ngegolide. Amachashazi amnyama emzimbeni wonke. Amaphuzu asezithombeni zamaphini zika-Dani no-caudal zikaDanio. Ukudla kuyaphila futhi komile. Ngaphambi kokufika kokuqhuma, abesilisa nabesifazane be Reopo Leopard Danio zigcinwa zodwa izinsuku ezingama-7- 7 futhi zondliwe kahle ngokudla okubukhoma. Umbhangqwana ungasatshalaliswa, kepha abesilisa aba-2 kanye nowesifazane oyedwa noma iqembu lezinhlanzi elinabesilisa abaningi. Isibonakaliso sokulungela kwabesilisa ukuzalanisa: ukusila, ukulwa phakathi kwabo, nokujaha. Kwabesifazane, isisu siyabonakala ngokuqina ngalesi sikhathi. Ukusabalalisa i-aquarium kusuka kumalitha ayi-10 ngesebeni lezinhlanzi ngegridi ehlukanisayo nezitshalo ezincane ezinamashiya. Amanzi asha, ngamapharamitha afanayo nalawa okuqukethwe, izinga lingama-8-10 cm.

Ukuziqhenya ngokweqile kwe-danios rerio akuzange kukubalekise ukunaka kwezazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Izinhlanzi zaqala ukusetshenziswa "njengonogwaja bokuhlola" futhi zazalwa ngamanani amakhulu ngezinhloso zesayensi. Njengamanje, kunzima ukubiza noma yimuphi umkhakha we-biology lapho izinhlanzi ze-zebrafish noma zebra zingeke zisetshenziswe njengezinto eziyimodeli ezifundweni (iZebrafish, noma iZebra danio yigama elijwayelekile kakhulu le-zebrafish i-rerio futhi ezincwadini zesi-aquarium zesiNgisi).

Njengamanje, inani lezindatshana zesayensi ezihlobene ngandlela thile kwezinye izifundo ezifundweni ezenziwa kuma-zebrafish zingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi! I-Zebrafish isetshenziswe kabanzi ocwaningweni lwe-embryology. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo, lezi zifundo sezithelo kakhulu futhi, omunye umuntu angathi, zinhle. Okokuqala, izinhlobo zofuzo ezifaka phakathi amaprotheni aluhlaza nokubomvu okwe-fluorescent ahlukaniswe i-jellyfish yasolwandle nama-anemones, bese ososayensi befunda ukuthi bangawahlanganisa kanjani la ma-gene ku-genome yezinhlanzi ukuze ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni we-fluorescent kuqale lapho abanye beqala ukwakha phakathi nokukhula komuntu ngamunye kwemibungu ye-zebrafish amaqembu emisipha. Ukwakheka kohlelo lwemisipha sekwenzeka ukuba kubonwe ngopende ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu se-fluorescence. Amandla wamaprotheni akhanya ngaphansi kokukhanya okuthambile kwe-ultraviolet kwenze ukuthi akwazi ukuwabona, futhi, ngokulandelana, izicubu zemisipha okwakudalwe ngazo, ezigabeni zokuqala kakhulu zokukhula.

Kwavela ukuthi emisipha yezinhlanzi, la maprotheni e-fluorescent ahlanganiswa khona empilweni yonke. Ziqongelela ngobuningi obunjalo zize zibonakale ngamehlo enyama. Inhlanzi ipendiwe ngombala weprotheni we-fluorescent, ovela futhi ngenxa yalokho, lapho ikhula iba namandla futhi iqhakaze! Ukukhula, i-zebrafish eguqulwe ngofuzo iba bomvu ngokubomvu noma luhlaza. Lezi zebrafish eziguqululwe ngofuzo zikwazile ukudlulisa ngokuqinile ufuzo oluhlanganisa amaprotheni abomvu naluhlaza aluhlaza ezingubeni zawo. Lezi "zinhlanzi ezi-transgenic" zahlukahluka kusuka ku-zebrafish ejwayelekile ngombala. Kuzo zonke ezinye izindlela, bahlala danyushki bonke bejabule futhi bengazethembi.

Futhi-ke abathengisi bezinhlanzi ze-aquarium bakhombisa intshisekelo kubo. Sebevumelene nososayensi abakha izinhlanzi ezi-transgenic, bathola amalungelo akhethekile okuhweba kuma-transgenic zebrafish futhi baqala ukuzethula ezimakethe zase-American zoo (inkampani yaseYorktown Technologies LP) kanye neAsia (Taiwan Taikong Corporate). Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha, futhi kwaba ngonyaka we-2003, izinkanuko zasendle zaqala ukubilisa ezungeze lezi zinhlanzi. Izinhlangano zomphakathi ezizungezile zabona kuzo usongo olubi ekulinganiseni kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni jikelele futhi ikakhulukazi kumabhothi athile. Yikuphi ama-epithets anganikwanga izinhlanzi ezihluphekayo kwabezindaba. "Ubuchwepheshe be-Frankenstein gene" - lokhu kuseyinto engenabungozi kubo. Abasizi bezokulondolozwa kwemvelo babuze ukuthi: "Ungacabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma omunye umuntu wasemanzini ongekho emthethweni ededela i-zebrafish esetshenzisiwe endaweni yokugcina amanzi!

Ekuqaleni, konke lokhu kwakuzwakala kukholisayo futhi ushushiso lwehlela ezinsizeni eziguquliwe. Amazwe e-European Economic Community akuvinjile ukuthi angenise lezi zinhlanzi uqobo kuwo, futhi asavinjelwa kuze kube namuhla. Ngakho-ke abase-West European basolwandle baphucwa ithuba lokuncoma i-zebrafish ebomvu neluhlaza. Yize eYurophu isimo sezulu singalungele i-zebrafish ngokwemvelo futhi nabaseYurophu ngokuqinisekile besaba lutho. Izifundazwe eziningi zaseMelika nazo azizange zivume ukuzalanisa futhi zithengise izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezizungezile ezindaweni zazo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emazweni aseningizimu neningi labantu abaphila ngezidakamizwa ze-zebrafish bahlala bazinza.

Abathengisi be-transgenic zebrafish bathembise ukuthengisa kuphela izinhlanzi eziyinyumba ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphakathi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi bona uqobo babenentshisekelo yokugcwalisa lesi sithembiso, ngoba kwakulula njengokuthi kwenziwe i-danios rerio, futhi ama-amateur asolwandle, uma babenethuba elinjalo, ngokuqinisekile babezolibona, bese umuntu engathembisi inzuzo ephezulu yom monopolist. Kuyamangaza ukuthi iRussia yaphenduka indiva kuzo zonke lezi zingxabano nezingxoxo. I-Transgenic zebrafish yalethwa kithi ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi manje ingathengwa kalula ezitolo zezilwane ezweni lonke. Zivelaphi uma zonke izinhlanzi ezihlinzekwa ngabangenisi kumele zingaboli futhi inani lazo lilinganiselwe?

Iqiniso ngukuthi yize amafemu angabasabalalisi abasemthethweni be-transgenic zebrafish enza imizamo eminingi yokubulala izinhlanzi ngenkani, zona, njengoba zivame ukwenzeka lapho zisebenza ngezinto eziphilayo, azikwazi ukufeza umphumela wamaphesenti ayikhulu. Izinhlanzi ziyinyumba engama-99%, okusho ukuthi inhlanzi eyodwa kwezingu-100 inamandla okuzala, futhi izazi zasemanzini zisenethuba elincane lokuzala lezi zinhlanzi. Futhi kwenzeka. I-zebrafish elandekayo eyenziwe yaguqulwa ngofuzo iye yatholakala futhi yafuzwa. Ukunyuka okuthe xaxa kwenani lezinhlanzi ezi-transgenic akuzange kube nezinkinga.

Umbala wenhlanzi ongakwazi ukuhlanganisa iprotheni ye-fluorescent ebomvu emisipha yabo empeleni ungehluka kakhulu.Lokhu ikakhulukazi kuncike kumbala wesikhumba sabo, esivikela ngokwengxenye imisebe ekhanyayo eboniswa yimisipha yezinhlanzi enemibala noma ekhishwe yiwo ngesikhathi sokukhanya ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nangemisebe eyi-ultraviolet. Njengamanje, kunezindlela eziningi zemibala zebrafish ejwayelekile engafakwanga, imigqa ebizwa ngokuthi yangemuva (umugqa wangemuva). Le migqa yayisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-zebrafish ye-transgenic yemibala ehlukahlukene yemibala. Kulokhu, izindlela ezisetshenziswayo zohlobo lomsebenzi wokuzala zazisetshenziswa, hhayi ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo (izakhi zofuzo ezibhekene nokuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni anemibala ziziveza njengezinamandla futhi ifa lazo livela ngokwemithetho yakudala kaMendel). Kukhona, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlanzi ze-albino, ezingenalo ngokuphelele ikhono lokuhlanganisa imibala emnyama - i-melanin - emizimbeni yabo. Isikhumba sabo sikhanya kakhulu futhi esobala, ngakho-ke uma i-genome yabo iqukethe uhlobo oluphathelene nokuhlanganiswa kweprotheni elibomvu le-fluorescent, umbala obomvu wepinki uzabonakala kubo. Futhi lezi zinhlanzi zibukeka zikhanya impela ngangokunokwenzeka. Kepha izinhlanzi, ezinombala waso wesikhumba osondela kuhlobo lwasendle, zimnyama kakhulu, ngoba izinhlamvu ze-melanin zibonisa umbala wemisipha.

Ukuziphatha kwe-danyushki eguquliwe kuhlale kungaphatheki njengokwokhokho babo. Bangena ngokusobala ezingxenyeni zamanzi ezingenhla, lapho bakhetha ukuhlala emfudlaneni kusuka empompini. Izinhlanzi zigcina ukuthula kokhokho bazo, okuvumela ukuba zigcinwe kanye nenhlanzi eyodwa encane nezinhlanzi zasemanzini. E-aquarium yami, i-zebrafish eshintshiwe ihlangana kahle nama-irises amancanyana kakhulu, ama-popondettas (Pseudomugil furcatus), kanye nenye i-zebrafish - i-firefly zebrafish (Danio choprae). Ngokubambisana, bakha inkampani ejabulisayo nenemibala engafani nalokhu, bevuselela izingqimba zamanzi ezingenhla neziphakathi nendawo e-aquarium. Behla njalo kuyaqabukela, bakhetha ngokusobala ukuthatha ukudla ebusweni bamanzi.

Kulula ukubona ukuthi umbala wemvelo wezinhlanzi uncike ekutheni ukukhanya kwehlela kanjani kubo. Lezi zinhlanzi zibukeka zikhanya kuphela uma zikhanyiswe ngaphambili futhi sizibona zikhanya. Ekukhanyeni okudluliselwe, iba mnyama ngokuphelele, futhi uma ukukhanya kwehlela phezu kwawo kungama-engele ahlukene, izinhlanzi zinikeza ukukhanya okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala wemvelo, ngokungathi kunjalo, uhlukanisa umzimba wale nhlanzi, uyihlephule ube yizicucu ezihlukile, ezifana nezinto zezemvelo nokukhanya ebusweni. Umbala onjalo wasungulwa ngesikhathi sokuvela kwezisusa zangaphandle: wenza umsebenzi wokuhlikihla izinhlanzi kwabazingeli.
Izinhlanzi zakwa-Transgenic zihlala zikhanya. Zibonakala kahle zisuka phansi ziphikisana nesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza kanye namahlamvu. Okungukuthi, izisulu eziningi zasemanzini zihlasela izisulu zazo zisuka ngaphansi. Kepha zibonakala ngokucacile ngenhla futhi ziba izisulu ezilula zezinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngokuncipha kwezinga lokukhanya, izinhlanzi ezinombala wemvelo ziphenduka impunga futhi zicishe zingabonakali emehlweni, futhi isakhi sombala wazo we-fluorescent sombala wazo sikhipha inhlanzi ye-transgenic namakhanda abo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala okhanyayo we-pink-orange ubangela ukuthi kuhlaselwe umhlaseli ondla kahle futhi akacasule kakhulu, kodwa inhlanzi enkulu nje. Ngamafuphi, i-zebrafish ye-transgenic ayinalo ithuba lokusinda endalweni - akudingeki ukhathazeke ngalokhu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemuva kokudla inhlanzi eyizidalwa, isisulu siyakugaya kalula, njenganoma iyiphi enye inyamazane. Amaprotheni e-Fluorescent awawona ubuthi futhi agaywa ngokuphelele ama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla. Ngakho-ke, kusuka ku-zebrafish elungiswe ngofuzo endaweni yokugcina yemvelo maduze ngeke kube khona umkhondo.

Noma kuyi-aquarium, inkampani yamadunus e-transgenic kumele ikhethwe ngokucophelela. Ziba lula ngokulula nezinhlanzi ezi-labyrinth ezinjengezamadoda neminduze, nezinhlanzi eziningi eziphila bukhoma, kepha ama-cichlid, amancane amancane, cishe azazama ukubabamba. Futhi-ke, i-zebrafish eguquliwe izokwazi ukuhlala nezinye izinhlanzi ze-zebrafish nezihlobene. Ikakhulu uma utshala izinhlanzi zabancane ndawonye. Njengamanje, imfashini ye-zebrafish ibuya ngokushesha. Ngezinga elikhulu lokhu kwenziwe lula ngokuqhamuka kwezinhlanzi eziqhakaza kakhulu zakwamanye amazwe, kanye nokwanda okubonakalayo kokuxhaswa kwezinkampani zangaphandle ezingenisa izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane. Uma ngaphambili kuma-aquariums ethu kuphela kwezintathu izinhlobo ze-zebrafish ezingatholakala: izinhlobo ze-zebrafish (ezimthende nezingwe), ezaziwa nge- "Brachydanio frankei"), i-malabar zebrafish (Devario aequipinnatus), i-pearl zebrafish (Danio albolineatus), manje leli qoqo selilula ingandiswa kaningana. Ngasikhathi sinye, zonke izinhlobo ezintsha ze-zebrafish zihlala zingafakwa esimweni sokuphila kwe-aquarium. Eqinisweni, cishe konke okulungele i-zebrafish kuzobafanela. Ngaphandle kokuthi i-aquarium yezinhlobo ezinkulu akufanele ibe yincane kakhulu (izinhlobo ezingokwesakhi sofuzo i-Devario zidinga okungenani amalitha angama-50 amanzi), futhi izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele ligcinwe ezingeni elingeqi ngaphansi kwama-20 ° С.

Futhi ekuphetheni kwendaba emayelana ne-zebrafish, ake sibuyele futhi kwezinhlanzi eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo. Amaprotheni anemibala ekhanyayo ahlangana nawo emisipha yawo abizwa ngokuthi ama-fluorescent ngoba aqala ukugqama lapho efakwa ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, kepha wona uqobo ngeke akhanye ebumnyameni ngokuphelele.

Njengamanje, sekuvele izibani ezikhethekile ezithengiswayo, okudala ukuthi kube khona ukukhanya kokukhanya kwelanga, kubangele ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwezinhlanzi ezi-transgenic kanye nemihlobiso eminingi yokufakelwa futhi ekhazimulayo ezimeni ezifanele. ETaiwan, China, naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ukudalwa kwamamachi akhazimula ngendlela emangalisayo kusihlwa sekuyinto yemfashini. Ngokungeziwe, ungathola umklamo onjalo wamachibi wasendlini nathi. Imibono maqondana nenani lobuhle bezinhlanzi ezinjalo zihlukile kakhulu: kusuka kumdlandla kuya ekuqedeni ukwenqatshwa. Ama-aquarium amaDashi noma ama-aquariums "emvelo", aklanywa ngesitayela seTakashi Amano, abangela imibono engqubuzana kangako. Kodwa-ke, imibono ngezinhlanzi ezi-transgenic nazo zihlukile ekude. Futhi, noma kunjalo, bandise kakhulu umbono wethu wokuthi ungayakha kanjani i-aquarium. Kepha umahluleli omuhle noma omubi.

UDanio Malabar, uDanio Devario

UDanio devario izinhlanzi ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Zihlala zihamba njalo. Futhi zinenhlanzi zasemanzini ezinokuthula futhi ziyafunda ezikhetha ukubhukuda yonke indawo, okungukuthi, ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi, eziphakathi nendawo eziphakeme zamanzi.

Njengomakhelwane, kungcono ngabo ukuthi bakhethe izinhlanzi ezifanayo zasemanzini, kodwa ezingenalo ulaka. Udinga ukugcina i-zebrafish ku-aquarium evaliwe, ubude bayo bungama-80 cm, futhi ukuphakama kungama-40-50 cm.

Inhlabathi emnyama kufanele ibekwe ezansi kwe-aquarium, futhi izitshalo ze-driftwood nezase-aquarium ezinamaqabunga amancane kufanele zibekwe kuwo, futhi zizotshalwa eceleni komphetho odongeni oluseceleni nasemuva. I-aquarium kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle ngokwanele, kuyilapho ukukhanya kufanele kusetshenziswe. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlunga, i-aeration nokushintshwa kwamanzi kuze kufike ku-20% wevolumu kanye ngesonto.

Habitat

Iningi le-zebrafish lihlala ezindlini zokugcina ezintsha ezisawoti ezinosawoti kancane ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Western India nasePakistan. Inani elincane labo lihlale isikhathi eside ezindlini zokugcina izinto eBhutan, Bangladesh naseNepal. Ngokwendlela evikela umbala we- "hosiery" akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi ngokwemvelo bahlala engxenyeni esogwini yemizimba yamanzi ehamba kancane noma emi.

UDanio ingwe

Unokuthula endalweni futhi izingwebe ezihambahamba zebrafish zibuthana emhlanjini, njengamanzi ahlanzekile nokukhanya, zivame ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi, kepha zihlale kuzo zonke izingqimba zamanzi. Umhlambi wezinhlanzi (okungenani abantu abayisithupha) uzizwa kahle e-aquarium ejwayelekile, ubude bawo budlula ama-60 cm futhi okufanele avalwe kusuka ngaphezulu.

E-aquarium, kukhona iziqu zezitshalo ze-aquarium (ezitshalwe emhlabathini futhi ezintantayo), i-driftwood, amatshe, kepha kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nokuhlala kukhululekile ukubhukuda, izindawo ezinamabala amahle. Kuyadingeka ukuguqula eyodwa kwezinhlanu zamanzi ku-aquarium kanye ngesonto, ukuhlunga kufiseleka. Ukudla: phila ngokuhlangana nezithako zemifino.

Izinhlobo ze-zebrafish

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, incazelo yalezi zinhlanzi yenziwa isazi semvelo uFrancis Hamilton. Zonke izinhlobo ze-zebrafish zinomzimba ofanayo, kepha ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi, umbala kanye nephethini (enemichilo nengwe). Ngenxa yalokho kukhethiwe, kwavela i-zebrafish epinki. Umsila omude we-pectoral kanye nomsila omangalisayo uhlukaniswa ngama-veri rerios.

UDanio Blue, uDanio Kerra

UDanio oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inhlanzi ethanda ukuthula, esebenzayo futhi efunda isikole ehambisana kahle nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezikhetha ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyigcina ephaketheni elinabantu abangu-6-10. UDanio Kerra ukhetha ukuhlala phakathi nobubanzi bamanzi abaphakathi. Okuqukethwe, lezi zinhlanzi ze-aquarium azithobeki.

Tshala kahle i-aquarium ngezitshalo ezinamaqabunga amancane, uhlomise ngezindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene ezenziwe ngamatshe nangomgoqo, sebenzisa amatshe amatshe amatshe noma amatshe amancanyana njengomhlabathi. Ungakhohlwa ukushiya indawo ekhululekile lapho izinhlanzi zingabhukuda ngaphandle kokuvinjwa, zikhanyise kahle. Vala i-aquarium ngesivalo esivela phezulu, njengoba i-zebrafish Kerra iyinhlanzi eqa kakhulu.

Izitolo zezilwane zasekhaya manje zithengisa izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Iningi lazo linikezela ezitolo eziku-inthanethi, noma ngabe kuhanjiswa mahhala. I-zebrafish esebenzayo kakhulu futhi edlalayo iyadingeka phakathi kwama-aquarists. Azithobeki futhi zihlangana kahle nezinye izinhlanzi ezisayizi ofanayo. Intengo ye-minke whale iyahlukahluka ngosayizi, umbala kanye nephethini emzimbeni. Isibonelo, i-pink rerio ibiza ama-ruble angama-65., ILeopard - ama-ruble angama-81., I-GloFish orange - ama-ruble ayi-190.

Ukuncipha ezimeni zokuboshwa kuyinzuzo enkulu yezitolo ezinkulukazi. Bazizwa bekhululekile ezindaweni zasemanzini ezingafakwanga ngohlelo lokufudumeza kwamanzi, ngoba bayakwazi ukusinda emazingeni okushisa ahla abe ngu-17 degrees. Kepha ungazigcini esimweni esibi kakhulu, ngoba zingafa.

Umthamo we-Aquarium

Ukuze izakhamizi zakuleli khaya lingazizwa licindezelekile futhi zingaphatheki kahle, i-aquarium kufanele ibe banzi kakhulu. Ama-aquarists angamava aphikisana nokuthi i-zebrafish eyodwa kufanele ilandise okungenani amalitha ama-4-5 wethangi lonke. Ngakho-ke, ubungako obuncane bendawo yokugcina yedolobha eyabelwe ukugcina isikole se-zebrafish sabantu aba-5 aphakathi nendawo kufanele ibe ngamalitha angama-25-30.

I-zebrafish e-aquarium izobukeka imangalisa kakhulu, phansi kwayo imbozwe inhlabathi emnyama. Kungaba ngamatshe amancane omfula noma olwandle okwakheke okuyisisekelo, isihlabathi esimnyama sentaba-mlilo. Ngaphambi kokugcwalisa ithangi, uhlobo lomhlabathi olukhethiwe kufanele luhlaselwe magciwane - ikholomu emlilweni noma ubilise.

Isibani

Ochwepheshe bezasemanzini abanolwazi batusa ukuthi lapho uhlela i-aquarium ye-zebrafish, ukhathazeke ngokukhanya okufanele kwetangi. Isikhathi sosuku salezi zinhlanzi kufanele okungenani sibe ngamahora ayi-12. Ungaxazulula inkinga ngokukhanyisa i-aquarium ngokufaka isibani noma ukufaka isibani esitsheni sethangi.

Amapharamitha wamanzi

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elinethezekile kulezi zinhlanzi libhekwa njengobubanzi be-18- 23 °. Lawula izinga lokushisa kwamanzi usebenzisa i-aquarium thermometer. I-acidity yamanzi kufanele ihluke ngaphakathi kwe-8-8 pH, ubulukhuni - 5-18 °. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amanzi anzima namanzi anenqwaba yokungcola kwangaphandle akulungele lezi zinhlanzi. Kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuvuselelwa okuyingxenye kwamanzi ethangi.

Okuncanyelwa kakhulu kulezi zinhlanzi izifunzo bukhoma. Ngokungafani nezinambuzane ezikhetha ukudla usuka ezansi, ama-motile zebrafish adla ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyasiza ukukhetha izinhlobo ezintantayo zokudla kubo. Ama-Bloodworms, daphnia, cyclops - konke okusha nokufriza, aphelele kulezi zinhlanzi. Lapho uthenga lezi zinhlobo zokuphakelayo, kufanele unake ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Zithanda ukudla lezi zinhlanzi nokudla okwomile. E-assortment yezitolo zesimanje ungathola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla ezomile okucebiswe ngamaprotheni, amavithamini, ama-carotenoids. Imikhiqizo edume kakhulu iTetra neJBL. Ukondla lezi zidalwa ezibukekayo kunconywa kabili noma kathathu ngosuku ngezingxenye ezilinganiselwe. Imfucumfucu yokudla engafanele isuswe ku-aquarium - ngakho-ke amanzi azohlala ehlanzekile isikhathi eside.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-zebrafish ingeyenhlanzi yezinhlanzi zasemanzini engabekezeleleki ezingaphila ngaphansi kwezimo zokuntuleka kwe-oksijini emanzini isikhathi esithile, zisadinga umoya. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, lidinga izinhlanzi eziqukethwe emhlambini endaweni encane yasemanzini. Ukuze izilwane ezifuywayo zingahlushwa ukushoda komoya-mpilo, lapho ufaka i-aquarium, kuzodingeka ukufaka imishini yokusebenzisa i-aeration.

I-aeration yamanzi nayo ibalulekile lapho izinga lokushisa lisondela imikhawulo ephezulu. Ngokushisa okukhona, inani le-oksijini elichithwa emanzini lehla kakhulu, okuthinta kabi inhlala-kahle yezakhamuzi zase-aquarium. Ukufakwa kwezihlungi kuzovumela ukugcina ubumsulwa kanye nokusha kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa imvamisa yokuvunwa, okuvame ukudala ukucindezela nokungakhululeki kwezinhlanzi.

Izitshalo Nhlobiso

Yenza i-aquarium enhle nenhlanzi ekhanyayo ye-zebrafish ebukeke ngokwengeziwe izovumela ukubukeka okuhle nezitshalo. Njengomhlobiso, ungasebenzisa i-driftwood, grottoes kanye nemihume, amagatsha esihlahla, amagobolondo namakhorali, imikhiqizo ye-ceramic kanye nengilazi. Lezi zinto azinikezi kuphela isitolo sasekhaya ukubukeka okuphelele, kodwa futhi zinikeza indawo yokukhosela yezinhlanzi.

Kuyabonakala ukuthi i-zebrafish, ethuswa okuthile (abantu, imisindo ekhanyayo, imisebe yokukhanya), icasha endaweni yokukhosela noma phakathi kwezitshalo. Uma kungekho noyedwa noma omunye umuntu e-aquarium, lokhu kuzothuthukisa izingcindezi kubo bonke abakhileyo echibini lasekhaya. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zasemanzini zingatshalwa ethangini le-zebrafish.

Bangaki abaphila futhi kuncike kuphi?

Iminyaka yokuphila kukaDanio incike ezinhlotsheni, kepha ngokwesilinganiso baphila cishe iminyaka engama-3-4. Ukuze wandise impilo yezinhlanzi, kunconywa ukuthi ubambe lezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• hlinzeka ngokudla okujwayelekile, okuhlukahlukene,
• qaphela ubumsulwa namapharamitha amanzi, ugcwalise ngawo-oxygen,
• nakekela ukukhanyisa okuhle nokuhleleka kwe-aquarium,
• njengoba omakhelwane bakhetha izinhlobo ezinokuthula ezinokuthula kuphela.

Ngokuvamile, uDanio ngeke agcinwe ndawonye kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye, noma izinhlanzi ezinokuthula, kodwa ezinokugwinya omakhelwane abancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukuphawula ngokwahlukana eziningana zalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. IMacropod. Ivikela ngentshiseko indawo yayo, ixosha abantu abancane futhi ingabulala inhlanzi kalula, ukuyiphoqa ukuthi ishaye ngejubane eliphakeme ibhekene nodonga lwe-aquarium.
2. Cichlid. Lolu hlobo luthatha izinhlanzi ezincane, kufaka phakathi uDanio, njengokudla, ngakho-ke ukuzigcina zindawonye akwamukeleki.
3. IGoldfish. Umbono onokuthula kodwa omkhulu ongaginya ngokuthula uDanios omncane. Noma kuyi-aquarium ebanzi, ukusondela kwe-goldfish kuzobe kungaphephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi ezisebenzayo zokulimaza zingalimaza omakhelwane bokuzilibazisa, ngakho-ke le ndlela ayikhuthazwanga ngokwabelana ngazo zombili izinhlangothi.
4. Inhlanzi ebanda ngamanzi. Kunengqondo ukuthi banezidingo ezihluke ngokuphelele zokushisa kwamanzi, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukubagcina e-aquarium eyodwa.
5. Teteradon. Ihlukaniswa ngokuziphatha okusebenzayo kokuhlasela: ihlasela umhlambi ohamba njalo kaDanios, ibulala ingxenye yezinhlanzi bese iyazidla.
6. Ama-cichlid kanye ne-Discus.Banobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, isimo sokuvukela nesifiso sokusinda kubo bonke omakhelwane abasuka endaweni yabo. Ikakhulu okungafunekiyo ukusondela kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezidlayo, ngokwesibonelo, i-Astronotus.

Ekugcineni, kufanelekile ukusho i-catfish (njenge-Antsistrusy noma iTarakatum). Ama-Aquarists abathanda ngokungathobeki kwabo, kanye nekhono lokuhlanza inhlabathi nezindawo zokukhosela kusuka ekungcoleni okuhlukahlukene, kepha abakwazi ukubekwa ku-aquarium efanayo noDanio.

Iqiniso ngukuthi i-catfish inkulu kakhulu ngosayizi, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi ezincanyana abazithwalayo zizobukeka njengokudla okubukhoma.

Ukuzalela nokuzalela

Ekuzalweni kwezinhlanzi ze-zebrafish ngokuvamile akuveli ubunzima. Kaningi, lezi zidalwa ezibukekayo zizala izingane ngaphandle kokukhuthaza kwangaphandle. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi ubenzela ngokwamabomu izimo zokuzala. Kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi i-zebrafish akuzona izinhlanzi ze-viviparous, futhi inzalo yazo ikhula kusuka ku-caviar.

Ukuthola inzalo kusuka ezinhlanzini ze-zebrafish, udinga ukulahla abantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile emhlabathini ovulekile (ungalahla owesilisa no-1 besilisa). Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlanzi-abafana nezinhlanzi-amantombazane kuvumela ubukhulu bawo nokugqama kombala. Njengomthetho, izinsikazi zihlala zikhudlwana kunabesilisa, futhi imibala yazo ibala.

Ngaphambi kokusaphaza, kufanele kulungiselelwe i-aquarium ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, phansi kwetangi, elenza umsebenzi wezindawo ezinwebayo, kuyadingeka ukubeka ungqimba lomhlabathi noma ukubeka igridi enamaseli amancane. Izitshalo zamanzi aphansi ezinamahlamvu aminyene, anamaqabunga amahle futhi athambile nazo ziyafaneleka. Ukuhlelwa kwaphansi kuleli cala kuyadingeka ukuvimba amaqanda, abantu abadala abangawadla ngemuva kokuqhuma.

Ithangi ligcwaliswa maphakathi namanzi, i-aerator ixhunyiwe kuwo futhi izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphakanyiselwe ku-24 °. Ngemuva kwalokhu, amazinga okushisa ancishiswa kancane kancane, engeza amanzi apholile, ahleliwe ethangini. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-20-21 °. Izimo ezinjalo zinegalelo ekukhuthazeni ukuqhuma, okuvame ukwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-1-3.

Cishe izinsuku ezingama-2-3, kuzovela izibungu ezincane ezinde emaqandeni. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zikhula ngokushesha bese ziphenduka zibe-gazinga, bese kuba ngabantu abagcwele. Ngenkathi inqubo yokuguqulwa kwama-larva ibe yi-gazinga (futhi kamuva, lapho kukhula uqobo), inzalo ye-zebrafish ephumayo idliswa ngeqanda leqanda, i-ciliates ne-artemia. Lapho nje uFry usumdala futhi unamandla, ungadluliselwa ekudleni okufanayo okudliwa ngabantu abadala.

Ngisho abaqalayo bangazalela uDanio ekhaya. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukufunda ukwahlukanisa izinsikazi nabesilisa. Uma ubhekisisa umzimba omncane wale nhlanzi, ungabona ukuthi abesilisa bancane kakhulu, kanti isisu sowesifazane sikhulu futhi siyabonakala, ikakhulukazi lapho sigcwaliswe nge-caviar.

Ukunquma ukuthi izintokazi zikaDanio zikulungele yini ukuphuma, udinga ukubheka isisu sowesifazane, okufanele sibanzi ngokulinganayo emuva nangemuva komzimba.

Ukuvuselelwa kwabesifazane nabesilisa

Ngenxa yezizathu ezinwebekayo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha afinyelela kwayi-10, efakwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle. Ngaphansi kufanele kufakwe umcamelo nezitshalo, kuzicindezele ngamatshe amatshe. Okulandelayo, amanzi asevikeleke izinsuku ezimbili athululelwa ethangini, okufanele amboze imifino cishe ngo-6 cm. Kusihlwa, kwethulwa inhlanzi e-aquarium, evumelana nezimo ezintsha ebusuku futhi iqale ukuphuma ekuseni.

UDanio caviar ufakwa ubisi lowesilisa, lapho eshiya isidumbu sowesifazane. Owesifazane oyedwa angakhukhulula amaqanda angama-450. Inqubo yokuvuthwa ihlala izinsuku ezingama 2-5, kuya ngezimo ezakhiwe. Amaqanda alengiswa ngaphansi kobuso bamanzi izinsuku eziningana angaba ukudla kwabazali bawo, ngenxa yalokho, ngemuva kokuqhekeka kwabesilisa nabesifazane, kubalulekile ukuwatshala. Fry Danio Rerio ngesonto elungele ukubhukuda okuzimele.

Okufanele ukondle futhi kanjani?

UDanio yinhlanzi emangazayo edla ngokulangazela ngokudla okuphilayo, okwomile nokuqandisiwe. Okusemqoka kakhulu wukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla okuhlukahlukene kuyahlukahluka, ngoba ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kokudla owomile kuholela ekwakhiweni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene.

Ngokwesisekelo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-flakes enhlanzi ezishisayo. I-Daphnia, amagagasi amancane egazi, i-brine shrimp kanye nembewu yezitshalo bayenezelwa yona. Engxenyeni e-1 yokudla okusha kufanele kube izingxenye ezi-5 zokwakheka ezomile.

Udinga ukondla uDanio izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku: ekuseni nakusihlwa, futhi nokondla kusihlwa kufanele kuhlelwe amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokucima amalambu. Ingxenye kufanele ibe yukuthi izinhlanzi zingayidla masinyane.

Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda ukuthatha ukudla ezintantayo phezu kwamanzi, ezinye zikubambe kwikholamu yamanzi, kepha akukho Danio akudlayo kusuka phansi. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuvimba ukuphakelwa kokuphakelayo, njengoba ngokuzayo kuzobola, futhi lokhu kuthinta kabi isimo samanzi nezinhlanzi.

Kukholelwa ukuthi uDanio angahlala izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezyisikhombisa ngaphandle kokudla ngaphambi kokuqala kwezinkinga zempilo.

Bajwayele ukudla ngokweqile kanye nokukhuluphala, ngakho-ke kanye ngenyanga kudingeka bahlele usuku lokuzila (unganiki ukudla). Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokungabikho isikhathi eside, kungcono ukungathathi izingozi, kodwa ukuthola izindlela zokondla inhlanzi (ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa i-feed eyondlayo).

Ihambisana nezinye izakhamizi zasemanzini

Isimo sokuthula nesinobungane se-zebrafish siyabavumela ukuba bahlangane kalula echibini lasekhaya nabamele abahlukahlukene bezilwane zasemanzini. Bangomakhelwane abahle nganoma iyiphi inhlanzi ephakathi nendawo futhi engadli. Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi ezilandelayo zizoba omakhelwane abalungile be-zebrafish:

• guppies
• molliesia
• ameva
• ikati elincanyana
• ama-neon
• Pecilia
• i-gurus
• inhlanzi uthingo.

I-Zebrafish ene-scalaria, engabakhona ngayo ngokuthungo kukho konke impilo, ihlala kahle. Okuwukuphela kwento edabukisayo ukuthi ama-olwandle akholelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuzala kanye nokulindelwa kwenzalo, i-angelfish ingaziphatha ngokudlulele ekubhekeni izimbotshana. Lokhu kuziphatha kungenxa yesifiso esingokwemvelo sama-scalars ukuvikela inzalo yawo yesikhathi esizayo.

Amarabha ama-Frisky futhi axabanayo adonsa izinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula kulo lonke i-aquarium, ukuluma futhi kulimaze amaphiko awo awalungelanga njengomakhelwane be-zebrafish. Kuyinto engathandeki ukugcina i-zebrafish ngama-shrimps, amancanyana awo kulezi zinhlanzi angamakha amnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zasemanzini ezinolwazi zithi ukuba khona kwe-zebrafish ethangini elifanayo le-shrimp kubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu ekugcineni.

IGoldfish, ephakeme kunezebrafish ngosayizi, futhi futhi edinga izimo ezihluke ngokuphelele zokuboshwa, ayifanelekile njengomakhelwane. Uma kwenzeka kuba nokungezwani, i -fishfish ingalimaza i-zebrafish futhi ingayibulala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igolidefish izizwa ikhululekile kakhulu emanzini apholile, kanti i-zebrafish ithanda amanzi afudumele.

Kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuthi kuqukethe i-zebrafish enabamele abakhulu kanye / noma abamele izilwane zasolwandle ze-aquarium. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu ze-aquarium catfish, izinkanyezi, ama-cichlid, ne-discus zibonisa ingozi yokubulawa kwalezi zidalwa ezithanda ukuthula. Lapho esethangini elifanayo nalezi zinhlanzi, i-zebrafish ngeke ibe nethuba lokusinda.

Ukuthola imininingwane engaphezulu nokunakekelwa kwe-zebrafish, bheka ividiyo engezansi.

Izidingo ze-Aquarium

AbakwaDanios bahluke kwezinye izinhlanzi ekusebenzeni kwabo okusebenzayo kanye nokuthambekela kokuphazamiseka okuqubukayo, ngakho-ke isiqukathi esiyindilinga noma sikwele asibafanele. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-aquarium enobude obude kakhulu (ukwakheka okungxande). Izinhlanzi zithanda ukuphuma emanzini, ngakho-ke kufanele uvale i-aquarium ngengilazi noma ngesembozo.

Amanzi mhlawumbe yingxenye eyinhloko ye-aquarium, ethinta ngqo ukusebenza nempilo yezinhlanzi. Ngokwemvelo, uDanios uhlala emifuleni eshisayo, kepha awadingi amanzi afudumele noma akhethekile. Kunconywa ukuthi ufake futhi ugcine imingcele elandelayo:

• lokushisa - kusuka ku-18 ° C kuya ku-24 ° C (kwezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, Kudingeka amanzi afudumele),
• i-acidity - ebangeni le-7-8 pH,
• ukuqina - kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 ° dH.

Amanzi adinga ukushintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile: cishe ingxenye yesithathu yomthamo ophelele ukhishwa ngesonto. Kanye ngenyanga, ukuhlanza okujwayelekile kwe-aquarium kufanele kwenziwe.

Inhlanzi eyodwa idinga amalitha ayi-3-4 amanzi. UDanio luhlobo lokuphalaza oluvame ukuba khona kuphela uma okungenani abantu abangama-5-6 bekumhlambi owodwa. Ngakho-ke, umthamo ophakanyisiwe we-aquarium ngomhlambi ngamunye kufanele ube ngamalitha angama-20-30.

Ekusebenziseni, abasemanzini abanolwazi basebenzise ama-aquariums ngenani lamalitha angama-50 noma ngaphezulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zeDanio zinosayizi omkhulu womzimba (kufika ku-10 cm), okusho ukuthi zidinga indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe. Ezinye izinhlobo zobukhona obujwayelekile zidinga ukuhlinzeka umhlambi wabantu abangu-8-10.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zikaDanio zidinga indawo ehlukile emanzini. Noma kunjalo, nazi ezinye izeluleko ezijwayelekile:

• phansi kwe-aquarium kumele kumbozwe ngenhlabathi emnyama engenalutho (amatshe amancanyana, amachizi amatshe), kuzogcizelela umbala okhanyayo wenhlanzi,
• ungafaki amatshe amakhulu, izinto ezibukhali emhlabathini, kepha kunconyelwa ukushiya izimbotshana noma indawo yokukhosela,
• eduze kwezindonga ze-aquarium, i-myriophyllum, kabomba nezinye izitshalo ezinezindebe ezinde namahlamvu amancane atshaliwe.

Lapho ugcwalisa i-aquarium, kufanele unake okuncamelayo kwezinhlobo ezithile.

Ngakho-ke, umuntu uthanda ukubhukuda kukholamu yamanzi, othile, okuphambene nalokho, uzizwa kahle phakathi kwezitshalo ezinamaqabunga amabanzi.

Kunzima ukunikeza izincomo ezithile kuleli cala. Lapho ukuhlobisa i-aquarium ngenhlabathi nangezitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqhubeke kusuka kumgomo wegama elithi “goldengolide” futhi ungeze okuqukethwe kwawo ngamanani afanele iso, ukuze kungabi nokuningi futhi kungabi kuningi.

Ukondla

URerio uthanda ukugwinya ukudla okuvela ebusweni bamanzi. Kepha, uma ama-pellets eqala ukucwila, agobhoza ngenjabulo ezansi kwe-aquarium. Abantu abaningi bathanda ukusebenzisa ukudla okwomile, kepha sincoma ngokuqinile ukuthi i-yokudla inhlanzi idle ngokudla okuphilayo:

• igagazi elincane,
• I-Artemia
• umenzi wepayipi we-ayisikhilimu.

I-daphnia eyomile kufanele igcotshwe kuqala ngeminwe yakho, ngenxa yokuthi kwakhiwa izingcezwana ezincane, uRerio azokwazi ukugwinya ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Ihambisana nezinye izinhlanzi

Ngenxa yemvelo yayo ethanda ukuthula, kungenzeka ukuthi uqukethe uDanio Rerio ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-aquarium ezingeyona enolaka:

Akumele kuxazululwe ngoBarbus Denison nabanye abafana naye (izinkanyezi, izidumbu zikaKoyi, igolide, i-discus, ama-cichlids), ngoba lo mdwebi uzohlala ezilimaza iminsila nemisila yawo. Kunconywa ukugcina i-Rerio emihlambini, kusukela ezingcezwini ezi-10 kuye kwezingu-15 (okungenani abantu aba-5). Kulokhu, isikhundla esiphakeme sizobonwa phakathi kwenhlanzi, futhi wonke umndeni uzokwazi ukubekezelela kalula izimo ezicindezelayo.

Ingabe kufanele ngikhethe izinhlanzi zokuqala ze-aquarium yami?

UDanio ungenye yezinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula kakhulu, ngakho-ke udinga ukukhetha omakhelwane abafanele. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinokuthula nezinhlobo ezidla ezinye zingacindezela umhlambi omncane kaDanios, noma zibone njengokudla.

Ukuhambisana kwe-Optimum kutholakala uma i-aquarist ikhethe izinhlobo ezifanayo, ezinjenge-neon, guppies, njll. Kubalulekile ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zikaDanio uqobo zizenze umhlaseli noma inhlanzi enkulu, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuxazulula omakhelwane, udinga ukutadisha ngokucophelela izici zohlobo ngalunye lokuhambisana lukaDanio.

UDanio uzoba yisinqumo esifanele somfundi wasemanzini wokuqala, njengoba izimo zokulungiswa kwazo zilula kakhulu. Izizathu ezi-3 eziphambili ezenza uDanio abe yisinqumo esihle se-aquarium:

1. Umnikazi udinga kuphela ukunakekela ukondla okufanele nokugcina amapharamitha athile amanzi.
2. Phakathi kokunye, uDanio kuyaqabukela agule, azalwe kalula futhi abe nesimo sokuthula, esisusa amathuba ezinkinga eziningi. Ezinye izinhlobo, noma kunjalo, ziveza ezazo izidingo, noma kunjalo, ukuzifeza nazo akunzima.
3. Akubizi, noma ngabe into ihluleka futhi inhlanzi ifa ngezizathu ezingaziwa, okungajwayelekile kubaqalisi bamanzi asemanzini, ungathenga futhi uzame futhi.

Ngenxa yalezi zinzuzo, impendulo icacile - kufanelekile, izinhlanzi zizoba yisinqumo esihle kakhulu se-aquarium, ikakhulukazi njengezilwane ezifuywayo zokuqala.

Ukusakazeka ekhaya

UDanios uzalela kalula nangokuzimisela. Ukondla kakhulu ngokudla okubukhoma kusebenza njengophawu lwezinto eziphilayo zokuqalisa ukuzala. Kwezinye izimo, owasemanzini akaqapheli nokuthi izinhlanzi zikulungele ukukhiwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhekeka kungabuye kunganakwa, ngoba le nqubo ivame ukwenzeka ekuseni kakhulu, futhi abantu abadala badla amaqanda ngokushesha.

Ngakho-ke, uma uhlela ukuzala uDanio, khona-ke "abazali" badinga ukuboshwa ejele le-aquarium ehlukile.

Ngaphansi komhlabathi ohlwanyelayo kufanele umbozwe ngenethi ekhethekile, evikela amaqanda kubantu abadala abalambele, ngaphandle kwalokho bayovele bayidle.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, izibungu ziqandusela amaqanda ezinsukwini eziningana ngemuva kokuhluma. Okokuqala, zinganyakazi ebusweni lapho i-caviar ishaye khona.

Njengomthetho, ukwakheka okukhethekile okuhloselwe ukuthosa kusebenza njengokudla. Ziqukethe ama-plankton, ama-crustaceans amancane kanye nama-ciliates ahlukahlukene. Ngemuva kokuthi i-fry ikhule ibe ngu-15 mm, kufanele ijwayele kancane kancane ukondla ejwayelekile.

Izifo

Izifo ezivame kakhulu zikaDanio Rerio yilezi:

1. Isifo sofuba. Ukutheleleka kwethulwa kanye nenhlabathi, izitshalo nezinhlanzi ezigulayo. Sola ukugula ngezibonakaliso: ukubulala, ukuntula isifiso sokudla, ukulahleka kwesikali. Kungelashwa ngeKanimycin kuphela ekuqaleni kwesigaba.
2. I-alkalosis. Lesi sifo senzeka lapho kugcina izinhlanzi e-aquarium ngebhalansi yamanzi engalingani ye-acid. URerio uqala ukungaziphathi kahle, egxuma ephuma emanzini. Umbala ungaphela, inhlanzi iqala ukugcobhoza odongeni noma amatshe amatshe.
3. Amashiya. Isizathu yikhwalithi engagculisi yamanzi.
4. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Le nkinga ivela ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile.
5. Ukukhula emzimbeni. Izinhlanzi ezigulayo kufanele zidluliselwe ku-aquarium ehlukile, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi ligcinwa khona ngama-28 degrees. Ukuqeda ukukhula, kunconywa amabhathi anosawoti
6. I-Trichondiosis Kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwesifo esithathelwanayo se-ciliates-trichodin. Inhlanzi iqala ukugcobhoza ezindongeni ze-aquarium, kuvela umucu ongcolile emzimbeni, umbala uyashintsha, uba yisinaphi.

Uhluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlobo?

UDanio uzisungule njengenye yezinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula kakhulu, kepha abanikazi bavame ukuhlangana nale nto ehlukile: abantu ababodwa bahlala beshayela noma becindezelana.

Lokhu kuziphatha kungaba yinto ejwayelekile, ngoba uDanio umlutha kakhulu futhi uyasebenza emvelweni. Izinhlanzi ziyaxoshelana ngaphandle kokufutheka - le yindlela yazo yokuphila, yize kubonakala kubanikazi abaningi abangenalwazi ukuthi ukungezwani kwenzeka e-aquarium.

Izingxabano empeleni zingavela, ngoba uDanio kumele agcinwe emihlambini, ubukhulu bawo okungenani abantu aba-5. Amanye amaduna ezimeni ezinjalo asazizwa eqiniseka futhi aqala ukuhlasela ezinye izinhlanzi.

Ukuziphatha kwabesilisa okusebenzayo kungabangelwa nokukhulelwa kukaDanio, njengoba Ngalesi sikhathi, bajaha izinsikazi, ngakho-ke kudingeka uqaphele futhi unake "isikhundla" sowesifazane e-aquarium.

Uma ukuziphatha okunolaka okuvela kubantu abathile kubonwa, khona-ke ubukhulu bomhlambi kufanele bunyuswe. Ukunakwa komhlaseli kusatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izinhlanzi, futhi ekugcineni kuyayeka ukuxhashazwa.

Phambilini bekuthiwa i-Glofish ukuguqulwa kohlobo kukaDanio Rerio. Ososayensi bazamile ukuguqula isikhumba kuphela, kepha ukungeniswa kohlobo lwe-fluorescence ngendlela ethile kuthinte konke okukhona emzimbeni wezinhlanzi.

Ngaphezu kokukhanya okuhlukile, le nhlobo inezici ezimbalwa zokuziphatha:

• imibala ehlukahlukene yesikhumba,
• imivimbo yesiliva (kwamanye amaDanios, njengomthetho, imivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma yegolide),
• umzimba ophakeme (kufika ku-5 cm, kwezinye izinhlobo - kufika ku-3 cm),
• isidingo samanzi afudumele (cishe 27-27 ° C).

Amanye ama-Glofish izinhlanzi ezifanayo zesikole njengezinye izinhlobo zikaDanio, ezingathobeki ezimweni zokuboshwa.

Isiphetho

UDanio - izikole ezincane zemihlambi ezihlukaniswa imvelo enokuthula nomsebenzi omkhulu womzimba. Njengomakhelwane, zilungele kakhulu izinhlobo zezilwane ezinezici ezifanayo, isibonelo, amaGuppies noma amaNeons. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinokuthula zingabona uDanio njengokudla, futhi abantu abahle ngokomzimba bazoqala ukuzingela okuqondisiwe, ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezinjalo azifanele ukuhlala ndawonye.

Inzuzo enkulu yeRerio yikhono lakhe lokuphila kunoma yiziphi izimo. Zizizwa zinkulu kuma-aquariums lapho amasistimu wokufudumeza kwamanzi angafakiwe, njengoba ekwazi ukusinda emazingeni okushisa ehla abe ngama-18 degrees. Kepha, naphezu kokungakubekezeleli, abantu akufanele bagcine uDanio Rerio ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngoba inhlanzi ingagula futhi ife.

Khazimula

UDanio Glofish - isilwane sokuqala esishintshwe izakhi zofuzo, isisekelo sazo kwakuyizinhlobo zikaDanio Rerio. Ososayensi bazame ukufeza ukuvutha kwesikhumba, okuthi bakuphumelela ngezinga elithile. Ngaphezu komzimba ojwayelekile, okhazimulayo, onobukhazikhazi banezici ezilandelayo ezihlukile:

• ukwandisa umzimba (kufinyelela ku-5 cm, kuma-Danios amaningi - kuze kufinyelele ku-3-4),
• ukuthambekela kwamanzi afudumele ngokwengeziwe (cishe 27-27 ° С).

Kokunye, i-Glofish imane nje ayinakuzithoba ukunakekela njengezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zikaDanio.

I-Multicolored Glofish

Glowworm

Lolu hlobo luvame ukudidaniswa ne-Glofish, kepha "ukukhanya" kwalo kungenxa yombala wemvelo wesikhumba. Umnikazi ofuna ukuthola le nhlanzi kufanele anake lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• enye yezinhlanzi ezincane kunazo zonke (ifinyelela kuphela cm 2-2,5),
• idinga amanzi ahlanzekile futhi acacile (ikota yevolumu idinga ukushintshwa njalo ngezinsuku eziyi-10-12),
• usayizi womhlambi omncane - abantu abangu-10,
• udle noma yikuphi ukudla, kepha kufanele kube kuncane kakhulu (ukudla okomile kufanele kube yinhlabathi encane, iqandwe - ukufafaza, futhi uphile - ukusika).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Fireflies awanakho okuthandwayo nezidingo ezithile. Zinganakekelwa kalula yi-novice.

Isibani esikhanyayo, aka Khopra

I-Rerio

I-striped Rerio ingenye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu, yikho kanye abavame ukukusho uma bekhuluma ngoDanio. Ngokwaphezulu, kuhle ukungeza ukuthi ubude be-aquarium ye-Rerio kufanele budlule kakhulu ukuphakama kwayo, ngoba lezi zinhlanzi zihlala zihlela izinhlanga ezivundlile ngokulandelana kwazo.

Umthamo wethangi lomhlambi wezinhlanzi eziyi-10-20 kufanele usukele kumalitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-70. Kubalulekile ukuthi izitshalo ezintantayo noma ezitshaliwe zitholakala kulo, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi iRerio idinga ukuphumula ezihlotsheni zayo ezisebenzayo ngokwengeziwe.