I-gibbon emhlophe edonswe emhlophe ingeyamalungu omndeni we-gibbon futhi iyingxenye ye-genus nomascus, yakha izinhlobo ezihlukile. Abamele bayo bahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yeVietnam. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sikhethe iPumat National Park. Kuseduze neLaos. Lapha, endaweni yezintaba (indawo ephakeme ngamamitha angu-400-1600 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle), embozwe ngamahlathi ahlala eningizimu, cishe bangama-75% wabo bonke abamele izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kukhona abangaba ngu-500 kubo. Leli ukuphela kweqembu lezimpikiswano elikhulu kakhulu nelisindayo.
Ukubukeka
Lezi zinkawu zinezingalo ezinde kakhulu, ngisho nezendlala. Imizimba inemisipha enezinqe ezisindayo namahlombe akhule kahle. Kukhona i-dimorphism ebizwayo. Kuvezwa ngombala wejazi. Abesilisa banezinwele ezimnyama. Ngaphezulu kwekhanda kunohlobo lwe-crest. Izinwele ezisezihlathini zide, zinene, futhi umbala wazo umhlophe. Ama-Throat sacs athuthukiswe kahle. Abesifazane banejazi eliphuzi eliphuzi. I-Crest ekhanda ayikho. Esikhundleni salokho, kukhona ibala loboya obumnyama noma obumnyama obumnyama. Ifinyelela esiqongweni sentamo. Isisindo somzimba salezi zinkawu yisisindo esingu-7.5 kg.
Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila
Lezi zilwane zakha ngababili abesilisa abathandanayo empilweni. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-7. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zimbozwe izinwele eziphuzi futhi zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-500. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuthatha iminyaka emi-2. Kusukela onyakeni wesibili wokuphila, uboya bezintokazi nabesilisa buguqula umbala ube mnyama, bese kuvela amabala aluhlaza esihlathini. Ngemuva kwalokho, eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala, umbala woboya uqala ukuthola i-dimorphism yezocansi. Ngonyaka we-6 wokuphila, izinsikazi nabesilisa sezivele zihluke ngokuphelele komunye nomunye. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-7. Endle, i-white-crested creeded gibbon ihlala iminyaka engama-28- 30.
Ukuziphatha Nempilo
Ukudla kuqukethe 90% yezitshalo ezidliwayo. Iningi lezithelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudliwa imbewu, amaqabunga, izimbali. Ukudla okusele kungokwenzelwa izinambuzane kanye nama-vertebrates amancane. Lezi zinkawu zinendawo ezungezile futhi zakha amaqembu emindeni. Okusemqoka eqenjini yilowesilisa nowesifazane. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa nezinkawu ezincane ezingakafiki isikhathi sokuthomba, futhi ezisanda kuzalwa izingane. Abamele izinhlobo zezilwane bahlala bahlala ezihlahleni. Iyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Balala emagatsheni ebusuku. Imvamisa egatsheni elilodwa izinkawu eziningana zihlala phansi ngasikhathi sinye.
Lokhu kubukwa kunesistimu yemisindo eyinkimbinkimbi. Kokubili okwenziwa ngabesilisa nabesifazane. Kuma-pair, insikazi kuqala ikhala. Wenza ukukhala okungafika kwangama-30, futhi ukukhala ngakunye okulandelayo kunamandla aphezulu. Lapho-ke owesilisa uyakhala. Imijikelezo enjalo ihlala imizuzu eyi-15. Ochwepheshe bathi ngemuva kwezindlela ezinjalo imibhangqwana ifomu. Okusho ukuthi, amasiginali azwakalayo enza ingxenye ebalulekile yokuziphatha kokuzalela kulezi zinhlobo.
Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo
I-Plain Gibbon kuyaqabukela kwehlela emhlabathini, lapho kuhlala khona isikhathi esifushane. Esikhathini esiningi, ama-gibbons achitha ephezulu emqhele wezihlahla, lapho amagatsha emincane kakhulu ukuba abambe izinyamazane ezisindayo, ngakho-ke avikelekile ezitheni eziningi ezingaba khona. Ama-gibbons ama-Monochrome adla izithelo, amahlumela ezitshalo, amaqabunga nezimbali, kanye nezinambuzane namanye ama-invertebrates ngamanani amancane. Kodwa-ke, isisekelo sokudla siyizithelo ezithambile nezivuthiwe. Imvamisa wonke amalungu omndeni adla ndawonye emthini owodwa.
Izinhlobo: Hylobates concolor = I-Plain [Whitewashed] Gibbon
. Ziyizimfanelo ezikhethekile: ebusuku azenzi izidleke, kepha zilala ngamaqembu ezihlahleni ezikhethekile zezihlahla. Ngokungajwayelekile futhi kwesimilo - ukulala ezingalweni zakhe, eshaya imilenze ngezandla futhi ehlise ikhanda kuye emadolweni.
Ama-gibbons ama-Monochrome ahlala emaqenjini emindeni (afinyelela kwabangu-7 - 8 abantu), aqukethe owesilisa, owesifazane nezingane zabo, kusukela koyedwa kuya kwabane. Izinsimbi ezisencane zishiya iqembu lazo lapho zifinyelela ukuvuthwa.
Izingxabano zemingcele zivela cishe njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-4-6, futhi ziyaxazululeka, imvamisa ngaphandle kokuxhumana ngokomzimba nokulimala komuntu, ngemibukiso yomoya, ukukhala nokuhlukumeza okubonisa.
Onke amalungu omndeni aphumula, alala futhi azibandakanye ekunakekelweni kwezenhlalo - ukuhlanzelana ngoboya. Ukuxhumana okunobuhlakani okunjalo kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izibopho phakathi kwabantu eqenjini. Zibonisa isistimu yezokuxhumana eyinkimbinkimbi efaka imisindo ekhulayo, ukuthintana ngokomzimba, nezimpawu zezimpawu, ezinjengokubukeka kobuso nokuthinta komzimba.
Izinselelo zabo zinkulu futhi zinomculo omkhulu. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-resonator yomphimbo we-umphimbo, ukubizwa kwabesilisa kuthwalwa kude kakhulu. Abesilisa nabesifazane abakha lo mbhangqwana babamba iqhaza lapho abesilisa bekhononda khona, bekhala beshaya ikhwela, ngenkathi izinsikazi zihlabelela ngezwi eliphakeme noma ngeriphu. Lezi zingoma zivame ukuqalwa ngowesifazane. Ngokusobala, lezi zingoma zingezangaphakathi futhi izilwane azifundiswa zona.
Zisendaweni enkulu futhi zinendawo engaba ngamahektare ayisishiyagalombili noma ayisishiyagalolunye. Iqembu ngalinye lomndeni livikela indawo yalo ekuhlaselweni kwamanye ama-gibboni ngezingoma eziphezulu kakhulu nangokukhonjiswa izinsongo. Amakhonsathi wengoma avame ukuhlelwa ngabashadikazi ekuseni. Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kucula kwe-duet kudlala indima enkulu emfundweni nasekuqiniseni izibopho zombhangqwana. Izingoma zibuye zisetshenziswe yizilwane ezizodwa ukuheha obunye ubulili ukwakha umbhangqwana oshadile. Izingcingo noma izingoma ezinjalo zishicilelwa ngabesilisa nabesifazane abaye bafinyelela ekuvuthweni kocansi noma ngokuzala lapho sebefike eminyakeni ecishe ibe yisishiyagalombili ubudala.
IPlain Gibbon ayinaso isikhathi sokuzala esizwakalayo futhi lesi kuphela kohlobo lweGibbons olungabambeleli nkqo ku-monogamy.
Izinsikazi ezingabesifazane ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-7-8 zokukhulelwa ziyakwazi ukuzala ikonyana elilodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. Izinswelaboya ezincane zizalwa zingenazinwele, izimpumputhe futhi zingasizi ngalutho, zihlala isikhathi eside komama bazo, abazifudumezayo futhi bazondle ubisi kuze kube yiminyaka emibili. Kungekudala ngemuva kokuzalwa, izingane zikhula ngoboya, buff noma golden hue. Cishe ngenyanga yesithupha, umbala wejazi ushintsha waba mnyama. Lapho ifinyelela ukuvuthwa, izinsikazi ezincane ziphinde zikhanye futhi ziba umbala ofanayo njengasebuntwaneni. Abesilisa bahlala bemnyama unomphela. Izinswelaboya ezisencane zihlala nabazali bazo zize zikhule futhi kuphela lapho ekugcineni zishiya umndeni.
I-gibbons enombala owodwa - ebhalwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN njengenye yezinhlobo ezisengozini yokubulawa kosendo futhi, kungenzeka, isondele ekubhujisweni.
Izithonjana ze-Monochromatic zazivame kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa, kepha manje zisongelwa ngokulahleka kwendawo yazo yasehlathini esezingeni elifanele (cishe ama-75% ezindawo zokuqala ze-gibbon sezilahlekile), kanye nokuzingela. Abazingeli baseShayina bakholelwa ukuthi inyama ye-gibbon imnandi, futhi abelaphi base-China basemakhaya bakholelwa ukuthi amathambo e-gibbon anikeza ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwe-rheumatism. Izisongo ezengeziwe phakathi kwebanga lazo kungenzeka zibe nomphumela omubi.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Izibalo zalezi zinhlobo zikhetha umlingani oyedwa empilweni. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane izinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Ingane enesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-500 ngezinwele eziphuzi ezimpunga iyazalwa. Umama wondla ingane yakhe iminyaka emi-2.
Gibbon yengane emhlophe ekhandwe ngesidalo.
Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, uboya bezinsikazi nabesilisa buba mnyama, futhi amabala asesihlathini akha i-grey light hue, kodwa ngonyaka wesine umbala woboya uguquka, bese kufiphala i-dimorphism. Ngonyaka wesithupha wokuphila, umehluko phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa ubizwa ngokucacile. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka eyisikhombisa. Endle, lezi zindondo zisinda kuze kube yiminyaka engama-28- 30.
Incazelo
Ngokubukeka, i-dimorphism yezocansi iveziwe, umbala wejazi uhlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bakhulu ngosayizi. Abesilisa bambozwe ngokuphelele ngezinwele ezimnyama, ngaphandle kwezihlathi ezimhlophe, izinwele ezisethaleni zakha i-crest. Abesifazane baphuzi grey, ngaphandle kwe-crest, banebala lezinwele ezimnyama emakhanda abo. Isisindo esivamile emvelweni singama-7.5 kg, ekuthunjweni okuthe xaxa.
Njengamanye ama-nomascus, lezi zimpelesi zinezingalo ezinde kakhulu, ubude bungama-20-40% ubude kunemilenze. Umzimba ubukhulu impela, amahlombe abanzi, okusho amandla amakhulu omzimba. Kwezilwane ezindala kukhona “abantu abangakwesokunxele” kanye “nabantu abangakwesobunxele”, okubonakala lapho sihamba nemiqhele yezihlahla.
Kusuka Nomaskus siki Inejazi elide kanye nohlelo lomsindo olushintshiwe kancane. Abesilisa nabo bahlukile ngesimo sezindawo ezimhlophe ezihlathini zabo: Nomaskus leucogenys amabala afinyelela eziqongweni zezindlebe futhi angafiki emakhoneni omlomo, ngenkathi Nomaskus siki amabala afinyelela kuphela phakathi kwezindlebe futhi azungeze izindebe ngokuphelele.
Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bavikela imfihlo ebomvu ngokubomvu evela ezindlekweni ezitholakala esifubeni, okhalweni nasezinqeni. Kodwa-ke, izinga lama-steroid kule mfihlo liphansi kunasemfihleni yezinye izinkawu, okusikisela ukuthi amasiginali we-olenzi abalulekile kulolu hlobo kunakwamanye ama-gibbons.
Isimo Sabantu Nokubanga
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XXI, ama-gibbons amhlophe aqoshwe phansi ahlala enyakatho yeVietnam nasenyakatho yeLaos. Phambilini, baphinde batholakala eningizimu yeChina, eYunnan, lapho kungenzeka ukuthi banyamalala ngo-2008. Ihlala emahlathini angahlala aluhlaza endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-200 kuye kwangama-650 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Akukhona ukwakhiwa okuncane, noma Nomaskus siki kwesinye isikhathi kuthathwa njenge-subspecies ye-gibbon emhlophe eqanjiwe.