ENyakatho Melika Izindawo Zemvelo * Isimo sezulu

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Izindawo zemvelo zaseNyakatho Melika.

Iziqhingi zeCanada Arctic Archipelago

Ibhere lePolar, inkabi yemaskandi

Tundra nehlathi tundra

I-Arctic ne-subarctic

t january -24º -32º

I-Arctic desert permafrost ne-taiga

Ama-mosses, ama-lichens shrub izitshalo ezimfushane

I-Reindeer, isikhova se-polar, i-partridge

Ukuzingela, ukumbiwa phansi

Phakathi kuka-65º no-55º entshonalanga no-53º no-48º empumalanga yezwe

t january -24º -16º

I-Fir, uphayini, i-spruce, i-juniper, iYew, i-larch

I-Elk, ibhere, impisi, impungushe, isikwati, umhlanga

Ukuzingela, ukugawula izihlahla, izimayini

Amahlathi axubile futhi aqobayo

Isifunda Samachibi Amakhulu Nogu lwe-Atlantic

t january -8º -16º

Brown, ihlathi elimpunga

I-Oak, imephu, ulinden, isifuba, umhluzi, umlotha, iphunga, ispruce, i-fir, uphayini

I-Raccoon, i-chipmunk, i-skunk, inyamazane, wapisi, izinyoni

Ukuzingela, ukugawula izihlahla, izimayini

Amathafa amakhulu (53º no-25º N)

Okumaphakathi nangokuphansi

t january -16º + 8º

Omabhebhana, indoda enentshebe, umfashini

Inyathi, amagundane, izinyoni, izinambuzane

Ukuzingela, ukulima izitebhisi, izimayini

IPeninsula Florida Atlantic ne-Premexican, eMississippi Lowlands

Ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nemvelo enkulu

Umhlaba oMhlaba ophuzi noMhlaba oBomvu

I-Oak, imephu, ulinden, isifuba, i-walnut, ikypypress, i-magnolia, i-creeper, i-epiphyte

I-Raccoon, i-chipmunk, i-skunk, inyamazane, i-wapiti, izinyoni, i-turkey, izinyoka, i-phenum, i-alligators

Ukuzingela, ukugawula izihlahla, izimayini

Ezansi nendawo ezishisayo

I-Puma, i-jaguar, inyamazane, i-tapir

Ukulima umhlaba wokutshala izihlahla

Ugwadule kanye nogwadule

ECeninsula yaseCalifornia, Izintaba ZaseNingizimu Rocky, Ichibi Elikhulu

Ama-Tropics kanye namathafa asezansi

t january 0º + 8º + 16º

ISolyanka, umhlonyane, izihlahla ezinameva. Cacti, agave.

Izinambuzane, izibankwa, izinduku ezincane, izinyoka

Izimayini

Esihlokweni: intuthuko yendlela, izethulo kanye nezifingqo

Izithombe zikhombisa ngokucacile, futhi umbhalo omfushane unikeza isici sezimbali nezilwane ezikulelizwekazi ezindaweni zemvelo.

Ukuthuthukiswa okuyindlela yesifundo esihlokweni esithi "North America" ebangeni lesi-7.

Izindawo zemvelo zaseNyakatho Melika.Umsebenzi ulungiselelwe isifundo se-geography ebangeni lesi-7.

Ukuhlela-ukufingqa kwesifundo seJograge ebangeni lesi-7 1. 1. Igama lomfundisi: uKolbanova Svetlana Vasilievna 2. Indawo yomsebenzi: GBOU SOSH №1 pg.t. Isifunda sikaMasipala waseSukhodol esifundeni saseSergiev Samara.

Isethulo sethulwa njengendaba ebonakalayo engqikithini yezindawo zemvelo zaseNyakatho Melika (ogwadule be-Arctic, ama-tundra kanye nehlathi-tundra, i-taiga), lapho kunezithombe zezindawo zemvelo zesifunda ngasinye, zona.

Isifinyezo sesifundo (umzila) engqikithini yezindawo zemvelo zaseNyakatho Melika (ugwadule lwe-Arctic, i-tundra nehlathi-tundra, i-taiga).

Ukwethulwa kwesifundo esifundweni semibhalo emisha. Isethulo siqukethe ipulani lesifundo, amatafula abafundi okufanele bawagcwalise ngesikhathi sesifundo .. Izithombe ezibonisa abamele isilwane k.

Ugwadule lwase-Arctic

Leli bhande litholakala ikakhulukazi eziqhingini zaseCanada Arctic Archipelago naseGreenland. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile kuJanuwari liba cishe ama-Celsius angama-322, kanti ngoJulayi lingama-degree Celsius angama-0 kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ebusika kunezinga elibandayo - kufika ku-50º C nangaphansi. Inhlabathi ikakhulukazi iyindawo eyihlane eyi-arctic, ene-permafrost. Abanye kuphela abameleli bezimbali bangakhula ezimeni ezinjalo. Ukuzingela komuntu nakho kukhawulelwe ekuzingeleni izilwane zasendaweni. Ugwadule lwe-Arctic luyindawo yemvelo eyingqayizivele, esesimweni esisengozini ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuncibilika kwe-permafrost.

Tundra nehlathi tundra

I-tundra nehlathi-tundra lihlala cishe lonke ugu olusenyakatho yezwekazi, luphela cishe ngamashumi angama-53 c. w. Isimo sezulu lapha sesivele sincane kakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezilwane: ngoJulayi, izinga lokushisa lihlala lizinzile ku-+ 8-10 degrees Celsius, futhi ngoJanuwari akuvamile ukudlula--24 kuye ku-32 ° C. Kule ndawo yemvelo, inhlabathi ye-tundra-gley ne-peaty inamandla. . Ezindaweni, kutholakala imifino enothile, futhi abantu bakulesi sifunda abagcini nje ngokuzingela, kepha futhi bazibandakanya nasezimayini.

Izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu

Izindawo eziphakeme zaseNyakatho Melika zivezwa ikakhulukazi ogwini olusentshonalanga yezwekazi, lapho kunqamula khona uhlelo lwe-Cordillera, kanye nasempumalanga, lapho kutholakala khona uhlelo lwezintaba lwe-Appalachian. Ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukile, umehluko oshiwo emvelweni uyabonakala:

eCanilan Cordillera, umehluko ubonakala kakhulu: amamitha amade ukusuka ogwini, amahlathi e-coniferous aqala ku-1000 m, bese kuthi i-tundra yezintaba namaqhwa,
ebangeni elingaseningizimu leSierra Nevada ezingeni lika-1,500 m, amahlathi e-chaparral aqala, iziqu zezintaba - ama-3,000 m .. Empumalanga kohlelo lwezintaba, cishe akukho hlathi, kutholakala kuphela ama-steppes kanye namahlathi omjunipha, kanye nogwadule olule phakathi kwezintaba.
ICordillera yase-USA evela oLwandlekazi iPacific imbozwe ngemithi eyi-shrubby, futhi amahlathi e-coniferous aqala ukuphakama kancane, kumamitha ayi-3000 - iziqongo zezintaba.

Izilwane zasendle eziphakemeyo azifani kakhulu; izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezilwane kuphela ezihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3000.

Taiga

Kudlula phakathi kwama-degree angama-53 kuya kwangama-48 nge. w. empumalanga yezwekazi naphakathi kuka-65 no-55 degrees s. w. - eNtshonalanga. Isimo sezulu lapha sincane, ebusika i-thermometer ayifane yehle ngaphansi--24º C, futhi ehlobo isimo sezulu simnandi - ngokwesilinganiso + 16º C. Inhlabathi ekule ndawo yemvelo ngokuyinhloko i-podzolic, eqinisekisa ukukhula okuhle kwezihlahla. Abantu abase-taiga basebenza ekuzingeleni, ezimayini kanye nasekugawulweni kwamahlathi.

Amahlathi axubile futhi aqobayo

Izifunda ezinjengeGreat Lakes kanye nogu lwe-Atlantic zingakule ndawo yemvelo. Ehlobo, isimo sezulu sifudumele lapha - sisuka ku-+16 saya ku-24 degrees Celsius, kuthi ngoJanuwari kube nezithando ezingatheni kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lizungeze ama-degree Celsius angama-16. Kutholakala inhlabathi yamahlathi ansundu futhi grey. Izimo ezithandekayo zinegalelo ekuhlukahlukeni okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo.

ISteppe (izinduna) nehlathi-sinyathelo

AmaThafa Amakhulu avela kule ndawo yemvelo. Isimo sezulu sinomoya opholile nesiphansi, ngoJulayi kufudumele ngokwanele, kanti ngoJanuwari izinga lokushisa lingajwayelekile ngaphansi kwama-degree ayi-16 Celsius, ngokuvamile izinga lokushisa likhona. Ihlukaniswa yinhlabathi evumayo ye-chernozem ne-chestnut.

Ukushintshana kwamahlathi emvula

Lokhu kungenye yezindawo ezivundile kakhulu, ezingenamhlabathi ezweni elingumhlaba. Kubonakaliswa izinga lokushisa eliphakeme impela ngonyaka - ukusuka ku-+20 kuya kuma-24 degrees Celsius, kufudumele ebusika, lapho okushisa kungavamisile ukwehla ngaphansi kuka-0º C. Le ndawo ifaka i-Pre-Mexico, Mississippian, Atlantic Florida. Of the nenhlabathi, inhlabathi ophuzi nenhlabathi ebomvu predomdom.

Amahlathi Hardwood

Itholakala emaphethelweni amancanyana osogwini olusentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika eCalifornia. Amahlathi alukhuni ahlala endaweni encane ehambelana namanye ama-biomes ezwekazi. Kufika ku-1000 mm wezulu lokuwa kwezulu lawa kula mahlathi minyaka yonke, iningi lawo livela ebusika.

Inhlabathi lapha ibomvu futhi insundu (ama-chestnut). Isimo sezulu sinesimo sokushisa, kwesinye isikhathi iqhwa liyawa, kodwa ngokushesha ngokunyamalala. Amahlathi anamaqabunga aqinile ahlukaniswa eduze kwezindawo eziwugwadule, ama-savannas, kanye namahlathi ezindawo ezifudumele, ngakho-ke izimbali nezilwane ziyafana kakhulu nalezi zindawo.

ukhukhunathi namatshe oki amatshe,
heather,
imure,
i-arbutus,
i-eucalyptus,
iminqumo yasendle.

Emahlathini ahamba kanzima kunezimpisi, ama-mongooses, ama-porcupines kanye nezinyoni eziningi.

Ama-Savannahs

Ama-Savannahs - ibhande lemvelo laseCentral America, lapho isimo sezulu esishisayo nesiphakeme sikhona. Inhlabathi lapha inombala onsundu ngokubomvu, okunikeza izimo zokukhula kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zotshani. Lezi zimo zilungele nokutshala umhlaba nezilimo ezikhula zithanda ukushisa, njengekhofi.

Ugwadule kanye nogwadule

Owokugcina, ongathandeki empilweni njenge-Arctic ugwadule, indawo eyihlane nethafa eliyinkangala. Babonakala ngesimo sezulu esishisayo esishisayo njalo, kuphela ngoJanuwari izinga lokushisa eliqabukela ukwehla liye ku-zero. ECalifornia, iGreat Basin, eningizimu yamaRockies kungokwalawa. Inhlabathi ikakhulukazi inenhlabathi enombala onsundu futhi ompunga.

Izilwane nezitshalo zezindawo zemvelo zaseNyakatho Melika

Ngisho nasezindaweni eziwugwadule zase-Arctic nasezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika, kunezakhamizi ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke, ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ze-Arctic kukhona ama-lichens kanye nama-mosses asebenza njengomthombo wokudla we-lemmings nezinkabi ze-musk - izilwane eziningi kakhulu zesifunda. Kukhona nezimpisi ezimangazayo ze-polar, futhi ezintabeni zeqhwa kunama-walrus amakhulu anezinwele ezesabekayo. Enye yezimpawu zobuntu eziwugwadule olubandayo ibhere elimnyama.

Izimpawu zasolwandle, imikhomo ye-bowhead zihlala emanzini asogwini we-Arctic, kanti imikhomo yokubulala ingena ngezikhathi ezithile. Futhi phakathi kwezinyoni - amabala, ama-eider kanye nama-arctic gulls.

E-tundra futhi - ubuningi bama-mosses nama-lichens. Futhi izithombo zezilwane ziya ngokuya zicebile: izimpungushe, izimpungushe ezingama-arctic, ama hares nezikhova ezihambisana nezindawo, amagogo namabhere amnyama.

Ihlathi le-taiga liyimifino eningi ye-coniffort. Lapha ungathola uphayini, omnyama nomhlophe, kanye ne-balsamic fir. I-Aspen, i-birch kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezidalwa ezingatholakali lapha. Izilwane zasehlathini le-taiga zihlukile:

moose, wapiti,
grizzly,
ama-wolverines nama-beaever,
ama-martens, ama-squirrels, ama-muskrats,
izikhova, amahlathi kaphayini, izinkuni zomgodi, izinkuni kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.

Amahlathi asezintabeni ayingcebo yama-Rockies. Kukhona izihlahla ezinezimbali, kanye nezilwane ezinamagquma. Imvukuzane, izimpungushe, izimbuzi namagquma ase-bighorn yizo ezihlala phambili esifundeni. Kukhona nama-hares, izinja zemvelo, ama-coyotes, ama-baribals nama-grizzlies. Ukhozi oluyimpandla - uphawu lwe-United States - luhlala kule ndawo.

Kepha emahlathini ahlanganisiwe asempumalanga, izihlahla ezinhlobonhlobo zemithi ziyakhula: ama-beeches, ama-chestnut, amaphayini kanye nokuvuvukala, oki, amamephu ne-spruce. Kukho konke lokhu ubukhazikhazi obukhoma, izimpisi, ama-squirrel, ama-grizzlies, i-moose, i-bison, ama-raccoons, ama-skunks, ama-chipmunks.

Emaqeleni, imifino iyindlala, kepha kunamakhambi amaningi lapha: utshani bukakolweni, utshani bentshe, utshani obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nemilenze emincane. Kwezilwane zinqoba izinja zemifino, izingwejeje zomhlaba.

Ugwadule kanye ne-nusu-ugwadule kuhlalwa ikakhulu yi-cacti, izibankwa, izinyoka, izinyoka nezicabucabu. Hare, izimpungushe kanye nama-coyotes akuvamile. Emahlathini ashisayo, izimila zicebile ngendlela emangalisayo: ama-cypress, ama-oki, ama-ferns, amasundu. Amakati asendle, izidalwa ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni ezikhanyayo zihlala kulezi zinhlobonhlobo.

Izindawo zemvelo zaseNyakatho Melika cishe ziyehluka njengamabhande ase-Eurasia. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezimangalisayo zezilwane nezitshalo, ezinye zazo ezidinga ukuvikelwa ngokucophelela.

Ukushintshwa kwezindawo kuqhutshwa kanjani eNyakatho Melika

I-Zoning eNyakatho Melika ingalandelelwa ngokucacile yi-latitude. Ukuqala ukusuka eLake Lakes kuya eningizimu, ukuxutshwa kwemvelo kwenzeka ngendlela eqondile - ukusuka eNtshonalanga kuya eMpumalanga kuya ezintabeni zeRocky. Lokhu kungenxa ye-hydrate elingalingani ngaphansi kwesenzo somoya olwandle.

Izindawo zemvelo zaseNyakatho Melika zinezimpawu zokubonisa zombili i-Eurasia (ezindaweni eziphakeme zasenyakatho) kanye naseNingizimu Melika (eningizimu).

U-fig. 1. Imephu Yezindawo zemvelo zaseNyakatho Melika

Ake sibheke incazelo eningiliziwe yezindawo zemvelo zalelizwekazi ezisebenzisa itafula.

Ithebula "Izindawo zemvelo zaseNyakatho Melika"

Igama lendawo

Indawo

Umhlaba onemifino

Umhlaba wezilwane

Stony, zone zone

I-Lemming, i-Arctic fox, i-musk ox

Indawo Yesimo sezulu Esisenyakatho ye-Arctic

I-moss, i-lichen, i-shrub, utshani

I-Grizzly bear, moose, ihlathi lehlathi, ilynx, i-skunk, i-muskrat

Imicu emincane kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme zasenyakatho

I-Balsam fir, i-spruce emnyama nomhlophe, uphayini

Amahlathi ahlanganisiwe futhi abanzi

Ihambelana nendawo ethokomele yesimo sezulu

Ihlathi elinsundu, i-sod-podzolic

Imaple, i-beech, i-birch ephuzi, isihlahla se-tulip, uphayini obomvu

Inyosi, ibhele elinsundu, i-lynx.

Ama-steppes amahlathi kanye nezinyathelo

I-Prairies - ingxenye esemaphakathi eduze kwezintaba

Amakhekhe, utshani bison, fescue

I-Coyote, amagundane, unogwaja, inja yedlelo

Isizinda sezulu esishisayo

Izinsimbi Zenhlabathi nenhlabathi ebomvu

Oak, i-magnolia, isundu, ikypypress

Izilwane zasendle zaqothulwa

Ama -idesides kanye nogwadule

Inland Cordillera

Umhlonyane, hodgepodge, cactus, agave

Izirhubhu, namagundane, ingalo yengubo

Ama-savannah aseTropiki namahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo

Inhlabathi ebomvu nebomvu-nsundu

Ihlathi elishisayo

Izilwane zasendle zaqothulwa

Isimo sezulu sase-Arctic

Ogwini olusenyakatho yezwekazi, eGreenland nengxenye yeziqhingi zaseCanada, kunesimo sezulu sase-Arctic. Ilawulwa ugwadule olungama-arctic olumbozwe yiqhwa, futhi kwezinye izindawo kukhula ama-lichens nama-mosses. Izinga lokushisa lasebusika liyahluka phakathi kuka-32-40 degrees Celsius, futhi ehlobo alikho ngaphezu kwama-+5 degrees. EGreenland, iqhwa lingehla liye kuma-70 degrees. Kulesi simo sezulu, kuvunguza umoya ohlabayo nowomile. Imvula yonyaka ayidluli kuma-250 mm, futhi ikakhulukazi iqhwa.

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Ibhande elingaphansi komhlaba lihlala e-Alaska nasenyakatho yeCanada. Ebusika, izixuku zomoya ezisuka e-Arctic zihamba lapha futhi ziletha iqhwa elinamandla. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lingakhuphukela kuma-degrees angu-16. Ukuqothuka kwehla minyaka yonke ngu-100-500 mm. Umoya lapha ulungile.

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Isimo sezulu esipholile

Iningi laseNyakatho Melika limbozwe isimo sezulu esifudumele, kepha ezindaweni ezihlukile kunezimo zezulu ezihlukile, kuye ngomswakama. Hlanganisa isifunda solwandle entshonalanga, ngokulingana ezwekazini - empumalanga nakwilizwekazi - enkabeni. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga, izinga lokushisa alishintshi kakhulu unyaka wonke, kodwa kukhona inani elikhulu lezimvula - 2000-3000 mm ngonyaka. Engxenyeni ephakathi, ihlobo lifudumele, ubusika buyabanda, kanye nemvula ejwayelekile. Ogwini olusempumalanga, ubusika abubandi kakhulu futhi ehlobo alishisi; ukuhanjiswa kwemvelo kucishe kube ngu-1000 mm ngonyaka. Izindawo zemvelo nazo zihlukahlukene lapha: ama-taiga, ama-steppe, amahlathi axutshwe nobanzi.

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E-subtropical zone, ehlanganisa iNingizimu Melika kanye nenyakatho yeMexico, ubusika bupholile futhi izinga lokushisa cishe alize lize lize ngaphansi kwama-degree 0. Ebusika, kunomswakama nomoya oshubisayo, futhi ehlobo, kunomoya owomile wasendaweni eshisayo. Kukhona izifunda ezintathu kule ndawo yesimo sezulu: isimo sezulu esingesosifunda esikhulu sithathelwa indawo yiMedithera yaseMedithera neyaphansi.

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Isimo sezulu esishisayo

Ingxenye ebalulekile yeCentral America imbozwe isimo sezulu esishisayo. Kuyo yonke insimu kunenani elihlukile lezimvula: kusuka ku-250 kuye ku-2000 mm ngonyaka. Akukho-sikhathi esibandayo, futhi ihlobo libusa cishe sonke isikhathi.

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Ingxenye encane yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika ihlalwa yindawo yesimo sezulu esilinganayo. Kuyashisa ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuhanjiswa kwemvula kuwela ehlobo ngenani lika-2000-3000 mm ngonyaka. Kulesi simo sezulu kunamahlathi, ama-savannah namahlathi akhanyayo.

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INyakatho Melika itholakala kuzo zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu, ngaphandle kwebhande elilinganayo. Kwenye indawo kukhona ubusika obubizwayo, ihlobo elishisayo, futhi kwezinye izindawo ukushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu phakathi nonyaka cishe akunakubonwa. Lokhu kuthinta ukwehlukahlukana kwezitshalo nezilwane ezweni elikhulu.

Ukubonakaliswa kwezindawo zemvelo

Indawo ehlathini icishe ibe yingxenye yesithathu yezwekazi. Okuvame kakhulu ukuxutshwa futhi kubanzi. ENyakatho Melika (Canada), izinhlobo ze-taiga zinqoba. Indawo yehlathi ithathelwa indawo yizitebhisi.

Izigodi zingamathafa otshani obuphakeme, lapho kungekho khona amahlathi.

I-prairie eNyakatho Melika itholakala ohlangothini olusentshonalanga kweCentral Plain. Nawa amapulazi amakhulu ommbila (Iowa, USA). Isimo esifanayo siyabonakala emkhakheni wama-steppes ne-bush-steppe. Njengoba lezi zifunda ezintathu zinomhlabathi ovundile kakhulu, cishe zakhiwa ngokuphelele ngabalimi.

Kuze kube manje, umhlaba wezilwane zasendle kanye nezindawo ezihlala emahlathini cishe usuqothulwe.Eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule, imihlambi yezinyathi kanye nama-pronghorns yayihlala lapha, kepha manje ungahlangana nenja encane yokudla, efana ne-squirrel, kanye nama-coyot asendle, esivame ukusondela ezindaweni zokuhlala zabantu ukufuna ukudla.

I-West of the Great Plain iyisitebhisi esomile, lapho ama-500-600 mm ewa khona ngonyaka. kwezulu. Cishe ihlane, ngakho-ke ukuvuna akuqinisekisiwe. Izimila kule ndawo zisetshenziswa njengokudla kwemfuyo.

Engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe kukhona ugwadule. Kwake kwaba yizwe labavukuzi begolide. Phakathi kwesihlabathi ungathola amathuna amadolobha, impilo yawo, ngezinye izikhathi, eyayingadluli eminyakeni engama-50.

U-fig. 3. Izindawo zamahlathi eNyakatho Melika

Indawo engaphansi kwesifunda isuka ku-38 ° iye ku-20 °. Lo ngumkhakha oseningizimu ye-United States nasenyakatho neMexico. Ogwini lwe-Atlantic kule ndawo kukhona izindawo zokuvakasha ezihamba imfashini kunazo zonke. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba isimo sezulu lapha sifudumele kakhulu, abukho ubusika - buvele bome kancane. Izinguquko ze-Belt endaweni zenzeka ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga.

Yini esiyifundile?

Izindawo zemvelo zaseNyakatho Melika zinezici ezithile uma ziqhathaniswa ne-Eurasia. Ukushintshwa kwezindawo lapha kwenzeka ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu engaphezulu, ngakho-ke isimo sezulu lapha sincane. Hhayi kuphela okuvundlile, kodwa futhi nokuma okuqondile komgwaqo kungalandelelwa, okuwumphumela womthelela wezibalo zomoya olwandle.

Isibalo

Iningi labantu baseNyakatho Melika bavela kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi e-UK. it AmaMelika aseMelika kanye nama-Anglo-Canadabakhuluma isingisi. Abazalwa baseFrance ababethuthele eCanada bakhuluma isiFulentshi.

Umdabu wabantu bomdabu - AmaNdiya nama-Eskimos. Lababantu bangamalungu egatsha laseMelika lomjaho wamaMongoloid. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi amaNdiya nama-Eskimos aqhamuka e-Eurasia. AmaNdiya amaningi (acishe abe yizigidi eziyi-15). Inqwaba yezizwe yagxila eningizimu yeMexico (Ama-Aztec, uMaya), lapho yakha khona izifundazwe zayo, ehlukaniswa ngumnotho nosiko oluthuthukile. Ngokuqala kwamakoloneli, ukuphela kwamaNdiya kwakudabukisa: aqothulwa, axoshwa emazweni evundile, afa ngezifo ezalethwa abaseYurophu.

In the XVII - XVIII century. ukusebenza emasimini eNyakatho Melika alethwa kusuka e-Afrika abamnyama. Bathengiswa njengezigqila kubatshali bezitshalo.

Abantu baseNyakatho Melika Abantu abayizigidi ezingama-480. Ingxenye eseningizimu enabantu abaningi eningizimu. Ukuxinana kwabantu okuphezulu engxenyeni esempumalanga. Amadolobha amakhulu atholakala kule ngxenye yeNyakatho Melika: New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Montreal, njll.

INorth America inezwe elithuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni - i-United States of America. Enyakatho yensimu enkulu ye-United States kungenye izwe elikhulu - iCanada, naseningizimu - neMexico. EMelika Ephakathi naseziqhingini zaseCaribbean, kunezifundazwe ezimbalwa ezincane: iGuatemala, iNicaragua, iCosta Rica, iPanama, iJamaica, nezinye. IRiphabhulikhi yaseCuba isesiqhingini saseCuba neziqhingi ezincane eziseduze.