I-fly fly, noma i-Drosophila, imele isimilo se-genus Drosophila, futhi ngokwemiphumela yezifundo zofuzo, ingeyohlobo lweSophophora. Njengomthetho, izimpukane ziqala lapho kukhona imifino nezithelo ezingekho. Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene zokubhekana nezilokazane ezinyanyisayo.

Ukubukeka kwempukane yezithelo

Izinambuzane zinombala we-tan onamasongo amnyama kulo lonke isisu. Emvelweni, izimpukane zidla ngokubola imfucumfucu yesitshalo nokubola kwesitshalo, kanti izibungu zazo nazo zingamagciwane amancane. Abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane abakade ubude bomzimba wabo bengeqi ku-2,5 mm. Futhi, emadodeni, emuva kunemnyama.

I-Drosophila flying ukuzalela kanti izinambuzane zivelaphi

Izinambuzane ezincane zidla emithini yesithelo, imifino, kepha zithanda izithelo. Izimpukane ezinkulu zezithelo zihlala ezivinini nasezivandeni. Lezi zindawo ziphephe izimpukane, ngoba azilimazi isivuno, okusho ukuthi akukho phuzu ekulweni nazo. Kwezinye izifunda zingatholakala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo: isitolo sezithelo, iwayini emiphongolweni, emafekthri wezithelo ezikheniwe kanye namafemu wejusi. Ezindaweni ezivulekile kuphela kumazinga okushisa komoya angaphezu kwe-16ºС.

Inqubo yokuzalela i-Drosophila

Isikhathi sethisosi yezithelo ukundiza cishe kwezinsuku eziyi-10 emazingeni okushisa angama-25 ° C, ku-18 ° C icishe iphindwe kabili. Ezingeni lokushisa elihle ngenkathi ebusika, umjikelezo wayo wokuphila ungaba izinyanga ezi-2,5.

Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo okufushane, insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-400 ezintweni eziphilayo. Izibungu zivele ngemuva kosuku. Isikhathi sabo sokukhula siyizinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngalesi sikhathi, izibungu molt kabili. Ngalesi sikhathi, zidla izithelo ezibolile, bese ziphenduka zibe yi-pupae. Isikhathi salesi sigaba siyizinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngemuva kwalokho, abantu abasha bezimpukane baphuma kubo.

Ungasusa kanjani izimpukane zezithelo ngamakhemikhali

Masinyane shabalalisa izimpukane ezincane endlini usebenzisa ama-insecticides.

Izindlela ezinhlanu zokuletha i-Drosophila endlini:

1. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-aerosols anjenge-Raid, Raptor, Dichlofos, Kombat nabanye kukhombisa imiphumela emihle ekulweni nezimpukane zezithelo endlini. Lapho kucutshungulwa, izilwane ezifuywayo kanye nabantu akufanele babe egumbini; ukudla nakho kufanele kususwe. Ngemuva kwenqubo, kufanele ugeze izandla zakho ngensipho nangamanzi, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesikhathi esishiwo emiyalweni, uvule iwindi ukuze ungene egumbini.
2. Inhlabathi enezindlu iyindawo efanelekile lapho iDrosophila ingazalela khona. Ukuthola izibungu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-toothpick noma i-spatula encane ukubamba ingxube yenhlabathi ngaphandle kokwephula ubuqotho bohlelo lwezimpande. Uma kukhona izikelemu kuyo, ungasebenzisa i-Fitoverm, i-Actellik insecticides ukuyicekela phansi, noma umane udlulisele izitshalo endaweni engaphansi entsha.
3. Ukubhekana noDrosophila ohlala ekhishini elisinki, ungathela amanzi abilayo phezu kwawo noma ungeze iMole, uMnu Muscle noma iDomestos.
4. Ikhambi elisebenzayo lezimpukane yi-fumigator enepuleti liphathwe ngezinto ezinobuthi. Idivaysi ilula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, vele uyixhume kwinethiwekhi kagesi bese ulinda ukuthi izimpukane zife.
5. Ukususa i-Drosophila, ungakwazi ukulengisa ikhandlela lokunamathela ekhishini. Beka isicupho endaweni yokuhlangana kwezimpukane.

Ukulwa izimpukane ekhaya ngemithi yabantu

IDrosophila idonswa amaqabunga abolile nesigatshana esiswakeme, ngakho-ke zivame ukophela eduze kwamabhodwe anezitshalo zasendlini. Futhi, imbangela yokubonakala kwezinambuzane ingaba ngumhlabathi ongcolile. Ukuze uvimbele ukwanda, kubalulekile ukunqanda inhlabathi kuhhavini. Kunconywe ukususa amaqabunga abolile futhi awile ngesikhathi, ungathululeli amanzi emhlabathini.

Izindlela ezine zokubhekana nezimpukane zezithelo:

1. Izinambuzane ezincane ngeke zikwazi ukuhogela iphunga elishubile lamathiphu utamatisi. Ukuqeda i-Drosophila, ungatshala izithombo emafasiteleni amafasitela.
2. ICamphor ikhambi elisebenzayo lezimpukane ezincane, ngoba azibekezeleli iphunga lomkhiqizo. Ukuze ubhubhise izimpukane ezicasulayo, udinga ukuthulula i-camphor epanini yokuthosa, bese uyishisa esitofini kuya emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kuze kube amafomu omusi. Bese uhambe naye kuyo yonke indlu, ukuze iphunga lisakaze kuwo wonke amakamelo.
3. Amafutha abalulekile we-basil, anise, i-eucalyptus angakwesabisa i-Drosophila. Ukunambitha igumbi le-15 m², umkhiqizo uzodonsa ama-5 amaconsi.
4. Ekhayeni eliseduze kwendlu ungatshala i-myrtle, i-eucalyptus, i-tansy noma i-geranium ukusabisa izinambuzane.

Ndiza endlini: ungayisusa kanjani ngosizo lwezicupho

Ukucekelwa phansi kwezimpukane zezithelo inqubo eyinselele. Ukuze ungathathi iphephandaba futhi ungabulali izimpukane ngesandla, ungenza izicupho ngezindlela ezithuthukisiwe noma uthenge ezenzelwe wena.

Izinhlobo zezicupho zezinambuzane ezincane:

1. Embizeni yengilazi, udinga ukubeka izingcezu ezimbalwa zebhanana noma i-apula, uthele isiraphu noma ujusi. Yenza ithala elivela ephepheni ukuze umgodi omncane uhlale engxenyeni ephansi yalo. Beka i-funnel esitsheni ngensipho phansi bese unamathisela itayiphu ngaphezu kobubanzi obusejeleni. Izimpukane zezithelo zizandizela iphunga lezethi, liwele ogibeni futhi lingasakwazi ukuphuma.
2. Thela uviniga we-apple cider epuleti ejulile, engeza amanzi amancane namaconsi ambalwa esitshi sokuhlanza izitsha. Mboza isitsha ngefilimu yokunamathisela bese wenza izimbobo ezimbalwa kuso ngenaliti eqinile noma ngezinyo. Izimpukane zizandizela ogibeni, zizothakwa iphunga lezethi, futhi ngeke zisakwazi ukuphuma kulo.
3. Izimpukane ezincane zingakhishwa ngaphandle kwendlu zisebenzisa isicupho se-glue nge-Raptor bait. Izinambuzane zidonswa yinto lapho uhlangothi lwayo olungaphakathi luqhutshwa khona. Lapho zihlala endaweni enamathele, azisakwazi ukuphuma. IDrosophila ihlala ngaphakathi kwesicupho, esigcina ukubukeka kwayo ngobuhle.

Ungasusa kanjani izimpukane zeDrosophila ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene

Indawo enhle empilweni yezimpukane zezithelo imifino ebolile nezithelo, imfucumfucu yesitshalo, imigqomo kadoti. Ukususa izimpukane, kuyadingeka ukuqeda umthombo wokudla nendawo yokuzalela.

Ungayibhubhisa kanjani iDrosophila efulethini:

• Izinambuzane ezincane zikhangwa ngemifino ebolile nezithelo. Isizathu sokubukeka kwabo kungaba ngisho nocezu oluncane lwethanga noma ibhanana, eliwele esigabeni. Lapho kutholwa umthombo oheha izimpukane, kufanele ukhishwe masinyane.
• Gcina izitsha ezihlanzekile zezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngemuva kokondla, kufanele kugezwe kahle.
• Vala imbambo uvalwe, ngoba iphunga elivela kuyo liheha iDrosophila. Lahla udoti ngesikhathi esifanele.
• Izimpukane zezithelo azithandi amazinga okushisa aphansi. Isimo sezulu esipholile, kufanele uvule amafasitela ukuze unikeze umoya ekhaya, lapho kubanda - amakhabethe angeziwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, bazobulawa yi-hypothermia.
• Bheka isimo semikhiqizo esiqandisini, esonakele ngokushesha.
• Izimpukane ezincane zingahlala ezitshalweni zasendlini. Izindlela eziphumelelayo nazo: ukuthatha iziqukathi ezinamasiko ukuya kwelinye igumbi, ukuzincisha ukudla, ukumboza isendlalelo ungqimba lwe-mulch, ukunciphisa inani lokunisela.
• Ukugwema isidingo sokususa izimpukane zikaDrosophila, ikhishi kufanele lihlanzeke ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngemuva kokudla, kufanele ugeze izitsha ngaso leso sikhathi, hhayi ukuthi uziqoqele echibini.

Impukane yezithelo, noma impukane, ingatholakala kunoma yiliphi ikhaya. Ukuvimbela lokhu, udinga ukugcina inhlanzeko ekhaya. Khumbula, kunokulwa noDrosophila efulethini, kulula ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwabo, bebona izindlela zokuthintela.

UDrosophila uyandiza: bangobani futhi bayini?

I-Drosophila fly noma izithelo fly

Izimpukane zeDrosophila yizimpukane zezithelo ezinobukhulu obuncane - hhayi ngaphezu kwama-3 mm. Ziphila izinyanga ezi-2 kuphela, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zanda ngesivinini: insikazi eyodwa ingazalela amaqanda angaphezu kwama-2 000! Ngalesi sizathu, ukususa lezi zinambuzane akulula kangako. Ezinsukwini eziyi-10, izibungu ziyavuthwa kumuntu osemdala.

Izimpukane zikaDrosophila ziyizidalwa ezinamagazi afudumele; zivame kakhulu emadolobheni aseningizimu, kunezi ezisenyakatho. Izinambuzane ziluma abantu nezilwane. Kepha bacasule ukuthi bahlala baphenduka phambi kwamehlo abo, banda ngokushesha futhi bahlala emikhiqizweni.

Ama-midges anjalo angenza amafulegi angama-250 wamaphiko ngomzuzwana - ngokusho kwalesi sikhombisi bahlangabezana nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Ngasikhathi sinye, indlebe yomuntu ingabamba umsindo wokubaleka kwawo, ngoba amaphiko emigede anomumo okhethekile.

Kungani izimpukane zikaDrosophila zivele endlini? Zilimaza kanjani?

Izimpukane zensikazi nezingamaduna zindiza

Uma ifulethi linezithelo ezibolile, amajikijolo noma imifino, khona-ke uyaqinisekiswa ukuthi uzoba nezimpukane zezithelo. Njengoba inegazi elifudumele, izinambuzane zivame ukubonakala ehlobo. Uma kunokudla esivulekile, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-midges nawo azoqala endlini.

Enye indlela yokubonakala kwama-midges endlini yizinto zokufaka umoya omncane.

Ungaletha ama-midges kanye nezithelo nemifino ethengiwe esitolo noma eqoqwe ekhonji.

Vele, uma uqhathanisa nezinye izinambuzane, ama-midges abonakala engenangozi futhi aphazamisa ubukhona bawo kuphela. Isinambuzane asikulumi, asiphuzi igazi, akusona esiphatha izifo ezingathi sína. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuba khona kwama-midges endlini kuphephile.

Imidlwane ibekela amaqanda ayo ekudleni, futhi uma uyidla, ungahlangana nobuthi bokudla.

Amagundane eDrophophila alimaza nezitshalo zasendlini. Kulula ukubona ukutheleleka kwezimbali, kepha kunzima ukuqeda izinambuzane. Imvamisa imvamisa iqala emhlabathini wezitshalo zasendlini, uma inokuqukethwe komswakama okuphezulu. Ukuze ugweme ukubukeka kwazo, udinga ukubheka ukunisela kwezitshalo futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukunciphisa. Esinye isizathu sokubonakala kwama-midges ezitshalweni zasendlini ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zabantu zokuhlanganisa umanyolo (amanzi ekhofi, amaqabunga etiya). Futhi, qaphela lapho uthola inhlabathi, ngoba ezitolo zivame ukuthengisa umhlaba osuvele ungenwe yizinambuzane.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukubonakala kwemithi yezithelo endlini?

Okokuqala, bayeke ukushiya ukudla nokudla okulungile etafuleni, banendawo esiqandisini.

Uma uthenga imikhiqizo emakethe, ikakhulukazi emakethe evulekile, kungenzeka ukuthi uzoletha ekhaya hhayi nje kuphela imifino nezithelo, kodwa futhi nama-midges. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivame ukulethwa ngenhlabathi, ngakho-ke qaphela lapho uthenga.

Uma uqaphela ukuthi inhlabathi yezimbali zasendlini yakho ingcolisiwe, lapho-ke udinga ukuqala ukwenza izinto ngokushesha, ngoba ama-midges ashesha ukwanda. Indlela elula futhi ephumelela kunazo zonke yokushintsha inhlabathi. Kulokhu, udinga ukuhlamba izimpande zezimbali, ukhipha imbiza ngokuphelele ku-pot. Kepha le ndlela ine -backback ebalulekile - yenza buthaka isitshalo futhi iholele ekushwabeni.

Uma unesilwane esifuywayo, khona-ke ungakhohlwa ukukushintsha njalo okuphakelayo. Ukudla okungamathekisi kuheha hhayi kuphela ama-midges, kodwa futhi nezinye izinambuzane. Uma unesilwane esifuywayo esihlala emakhejini (i-hamster, i-Guinea Guinea, i-chinchilla, njll.), Bese usula ikheji bese uligcina lihlanzekile: ungakhohlwa ukushintsha udoti, ususe ukudla okusele. Uma une-aquarium endlini yakho, khona-ke ungavumeli i-algae ukubola futhi ushintshe amanzi ngezikhathi ezithile.

Enye indlela ezindiza ingena efulethini iwindi. Ukuba nemeshini kuzosiza ukuvikela ukungena kwezimpukane nezinye izinambuzane.

Ungavumeli ukuvela kwama blockages echibini, ngoba ama-midges angaphindaphindeka ekusetshenzisweni kwendle nasekuhanjelweni kwamanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukuthi uhlanze i-siphon ngezikhathi ezithile, kuyalulekwa nokuthi usebenzise ama-disinfectants noma uthele amanzi abilayo echibini - lokhu kuzosiza ekubhubhiseni amaqanda ezinambuzane.

Ungasusa kanjani ama-Drosophila midges?

Ukuphela kwendlela yokumisa i-Drosophila ukususa umthombo wokuzala kwawo.

Udinga ukususa yonke imfucuza, hlunga imiphanda yezithelo nesiqandisi, ulahle yonke imikhiqizo echithile. Utadishe ngokucophelela onke amakhabethe ekhishini, kungenzeka ukuthi iphakheji lalahleka ndawo thile, ngokwesibonelo, ngezithelo ezomisiwe, lapho ama-midges atholakala khona.

Geza izitsha zezilwane ezifuywayo, uqiniseke ukuthi akukho ukudla okomile okusele kuzo. Hlanza amaseli, uguqule amanzi ku-aquarium, ungene esikhundleni se-filler ku-tray.

Hlola izitshalo zasekhaya, uma indawo inendawo ithelelekile, kungcono futhi ukuyilahla bese uthenge entsha. Uma ungafuni ukushintsha umhlabathi, khona-ke kukhona enye indlela: ukuphatha inhlabathi ngesixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate noma ukunamathisela umentshisi omncane enhlabathini ngamakhanda akho.

Drosophila fly izicupho

Lolu khetho olulula kakhulu lokususa ama-midges, kodwa hhayi olusebenza kakhulu. Ububi bezingibe ukuthi bachitha abantu abawela ogibeni, hhayi bonke. Kodwa uma unama-midges kuphela futhi ambalwa kuwo, khona-ke kulokhu izicupho zingasiza.

Kunezinketho ezilula zokwenza ibheyili yakho. Isibonelo, ungabalungiselela ubumnandi obulandelayo: thatha isoso, uthele amanzi noshukela, ujusi, ulamula omnandi kuwo. Amakati ayogibela phezulu ekwelapheni, awele ogibeni futhi aminza.

Enye inketho i-apula ejwayelekile. Njengoba wazi, i-apula elisikiwe ngokushesha limnyama futhi lihehe iDrosophila. Udinga ukuthatha inkomishi yepulasitiki, ubeke ucezwana kuyo, umboze ingilazi ngefilimu enamathayo, wenze izimbobo kuyo. Isicupho sisebenza kanjena: i-apula iyisithiyelo ama-midges azongena ngalo, andize aye engilazini, kepha ngeke akwazi ukuphuma kuwo. Ngemuva kwengilazi udinga ukuyikhipha.

Ungasusa ama-midges usebenzisa imbiza yengilazi kanye nephepha lokusebenzela iphepha. Kuyadingeka ukubeka ucezu lwezithelo ezivundile ezansi kwebhodwe, ubeke i-funnel ngaphakathi kwebhokisi ngaphezulu ukuze ingxenye emincane iqondiswe phansi, kepha ingafinyeleli kuyo. Ngokusebenzisa i-funnel, ama-midges azowela ngaphakathi, kepha ngeke akwazi ukundiza.

Uma ungafuni ukwenza izicupho ngokwakho, ungathenga ompompi abanamathela. Zidinga ukulengiswa ezindaweni lapho ama-midges ephazamisa khona. Lapho eshaywa etheyipini, uDrosophila unamathela futhi akasakwazi ukuphuma.

Izindlela ezikhethekile zokubhujiswa kweDrosophila

Ezitolo ungathola izithombo ezinobuthi ezahlukahlukene zokulawula ama-midges: Dichlorvos, Combat, Raid, Raptor, njll.

Ukushushiswa kwezinambuzane, ukubuyisa kuyindlela ephumelelayo. Imichilo efakwe isitho esikhethekile samakhemikhali ifakwa emzimbeni womuntu obalekayo, ingabesabisa izinambuzane noma ibabulale. Idivaysi ingafakwa ezindaweni lapho kunomthombo wokusakazeka kwama-midges: egumbini elingaphansi, egalaji, efulethini, njll.

Uma uthatha isinqumo sokusebenzisa le ndlela ukulwa nama-midges wezithelo, ngakho-ke ungakhohlwa ukuvama ukungena ezindaweni, ngoba uthuthu olunobuthi ekugxilweni okuphezulu aluphephile ezinganeni nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo.

Umthelela womshini

Ungasusa ama-midges endlini ngokwakho usebenzisa isenzo esilula:

• Ngokufaka umoya omncane. Kulokhu, ama-midges azophuma endlini.
• Usebenzisa isicoci se-vacuum. Vula yonke indawo lapho kuhlala khona izinsensane. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngemuva kokuhlanza okunjalo udinga ukuhlanza ngokushesha isitsha se-vacuum cleaner.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha anamakha. Ukuhogela okuthile akunakubekezelelwa ngama-midges, ngakho-ke uma igumbi linephunga njenge-verbena, i-clove, i-ylang-ylang noma i-patchouli, khona-ke ama-midges azonyamalala.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-camphor. Iphunga lalesi sidakamizwa nalo alilijabulisi kakhulu kuma-midges. Ukuhlanza igumbi, gaya i-camphor, ufake epanini evuthayo, ngababili bazosakazeka efulethini futhi bakusindise ezinambuzaneni ezicasulayo.
• Ukuguguleka ngenkathi ebandayo. Amaphaphu azwela emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ngakho-ke uma uthola izinambuzane ebusika, ungaziqhela ngokumane uzidlwengule. Vula wonke amakhabethe ekhishini namawindi ebusuku, bese uDrosophila abulawa yi-hypothermia.

Izingane ezisendlini ziyangenelela futhi zibangele ukucasuka, kodwa ukuzikhipha kuwumsebenzi onzima. Inketho enhle ukuvikela. Gcina indlu yakho ihlanzekile, ungavumeli ukugcinwa kukadoti okuhlala isikhathi eside, nakekela izitshalo zasendlini nezilwane ezifuywayo, lapho kwenzeka khona indlu yakho ihlanzekile futhi ngeke uphazanyiswe yimigudu ecasulayo.