Kwezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-12 zezitshalo eziphakeme, ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-9 zikhula kuphela ezwenikazi lase-Australia. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izinhlobo eziningi zikagamthilini lomtholo, izitshalo eziningi ejwayelekile e-Australia. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona nezitshalo ezinjengalezi eSouth America, eNingizimu Afrika kanye naseziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseMalay. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi izigidi eziningi zeminyaka edlule bekukhona ukuxhumana komhlaba phakathi kwamazwekazi.
Njengoba isimo sezulu iningi Australia kuphawulwa aridity eyomile, izitshalo ezomile abathanda abuse e flora zayo: okusanhlamvu ekhethekile, zikagamthilini, isambulela acacias, izihlahla amnandi (ibhodlela isihlahla). Izihlahla ezinjalo zifunxa umswakama kusuka ekujuleni okukhulu. Amaqabunga amancanyana futhi omile alezi zihlahla adwetshwa ikakhulu ngombala oluhlaza grey. Kwezinye zazo, amaqabunga nazo ilanga nge onqenqemeni, esiza ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka amanzi ezindaweni zawo.
Ugwadule ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nezwekazi, lapho kushisa kakhulu futhi kumile khona, kubonakaliswa iziqubu ezingcolile, ezicishe zifinyeleleke zezihlahla ezinameva ezingcolile.
Izilwane zase-Australia
A bright omele womndeni izilwane zasemhlabeni waphansi kuyinto isihlahla Ukhala noma Arborea, frog isihlahla nge umbala kakhulu.
Futhi e-Australia kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zopholi.
Enye yezimpawu zezidalwa zase-Australia ukuthi azikho izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu zasekhaya. I esiyingozi kuphela isilwane okuzingela yilona inja Dingo. Yalethwa ama-Austronesians, athengiselana nama-Aborigines ase-Australia kusukela ngo-3000 BC. e.
udeveli Tasmanian -ukukhulu kakhulu kwezidlamlilo zanamuhla. Umbala wayo omnyama, umlomo omkhulu onamazinyo abukhali, ukukhala kobusuku obumangazayo kanye nesimo esinolaka kwanikeza abahlali bokuqala baseYurophu isizathu sokubiza lo mdli mbumbulu onguDeveli.
Lesi silwane kungokwalabo bohlobo ISarcophilus (okususelwa kwelesiGrikhi sakudala elithi "inyama" nelithi "φ έω" - - "Ngiyakuthanda", elihunyushwe ngokuthi "othanda inyama"). Nokho, Lena isilwane esincane nenkundla inja, Imizimba, imikhuba nombala maningi sifana nebhere yemifino. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bungamasentimitha angama-50-80, umsila - 23-30 cm, ukuphakama kubuna - kufinyelela ku-30 cm, nesisindo - cishe ngama-12 kg.
Kukhona futhi ama-wombat lapha - izimbobo zokuhlanza ze-herbivores ezibukeka njengamabhere amancane.
Nezilwane-Australia kuhlanganisa ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 200 zezilwane, futhi phakathi kwawo - lenqwaba abathandekayo esiyingqayizivele ophilayo kuphela e-Australia. I-83% yezilwane ezincelisayo, ama-89% ezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ama-90% ezinhlanzi kanye nama-93% ezilwane zasemanzini angomdabu e-Australia futhi ahlukile ngokuphelele kulo lonke iplanethi. Umhlaba wezilwane waleli lizwekazi awunazo ngokuphelele izinkawu, izilwane ezincelisayo ezi-pachyderm nezimbaza.
Koala, noma ibhere marsupial, ungomunye ummeleli ogqamile wombuso wezilwane wase-Australia, owaziwa emhlabeni wonke. AmaKoalas achitha cishe yonke impilo yawo emqheleni wesihlahla se-eucalyptus. Bona ingashintshwa ukuze adle amahlumela namaqabunga zikagamthilini, aqukethe amaprotheni kancane, kodwa abantu abaningi phenolic futhi terpene compounds, ezinobuthi izilwane eziningi.
Noma i-koala ingalali, imvamisa ihlala amahora amaningi inganyakazi, ibopha igatsha noma isiqu somuthi ngamawele ayo angaphambili. I-koala ihambahamba amahora angama-16-18 ngosuku.
Emvelweni, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-69 zama-kangaroo. Zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu:
- ezincane kunazo zonke amagundane e-kangaroo,
- naphakathi - wallaby,
- ama-kangaroo amakhulu. Zidume kakhulu. Kuyinto yikhangaru giant kanye nentshe emu kuboniswe isibonakaliso-Australia.
Izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-800 zihlala kulelizwekazi. Abamele abavelele kakhulu yi-cassowary ne-emu, i-black swan, upholi kanye nama-penguin.
Ngo nezilwane-Australia, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-860 zama-nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Izikhala ezomile ezingapheli zaleli lizwekazi ziyikhaya lesigcilikisha esikhulu, izibankwakazi zemfene, isikebhe esinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izihlahla zekhaphethi kanye nezikhala ezinjengezibankwakazi.
I-Australia inesibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezinyoka ezinobuthi emhlabeni, phakathi kwazo eziyingozi kakhulu ama-taipans.
Kulaba izilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane zasolwandle, umholi ongenambangi wawuhlukunyezwe iyona zasolwandle (noma ayesebenza) ingwenya, okuyinto aphinde abhukude abuyele emifuleni kude zwekazi is zihlukaniswa lingakanani omkhulu. Ubhuti wakhe omncane, ingwenya enamanzi amnandi, ayiyona ingozi kangako.
Kukhona ne-platypus - isilwane esidla amaqanda, esitholakala kuphela empumalanga ye-Australia naseTasmania.
Angaphezu kuka 4.400 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi kutholakele amanzi Australia nasezindaweni ezizungezile, kodwa 170 kuphela kulo bayizinkulungwane angenasawoti. Kulesi sifunda kunezinhlobo eziningi zohlobo loshaka, phakathi kwazo kukhona eziyingozi kubantu. Shono u-Australia no-Oceania bephezulu ohlwini lwezindawo “eziyingozi koshaka” zomhlaba.
Amasu egeza kwamanzi e-Australia futhi cephalopods. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu kukhona ama-octopus anezintambo ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abalwa phakathi kwezilwane ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni, kanye ne-gianttletlefish yase-Australia.
I-Flora yase-Australia
Isikhombi izimo zezulu nendawo Australia ezanquma okwakhe of flora zayo ezilwaneni nasezimileni.
Isimbiwa semifino sase-Australia sibhekwa njenge-eucalyptus. Umuthi omkhulu unezimpande ezinamandla eziya emhlabathini ngamamitha angama-20, noma ngisho nama-30! Umuthi emangalisayo ingashintshwa ukuze sezulu eyomile Australia. Izihlahla ze-eucalyptus ezikhula eduze kwamaxhaphozi ziyakwazi ukukha amanzi echibini bese zikhipha udamu. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, yahudula umhlaba onamatshe waseColchis ogwini lweCaucasus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zikagamthilini inamakhasi enyinyekile abaphendukela ilanga i onqenqemeni. Cabanga nje ngehlathi elikhulu le-eucalyptus, futhi akukho sithunzi kulo!
Ugu olusempumalanga ye-Australia, lapho lugezwa khona yiLwandlekazi iPacific, lungcwatshwa emahlathini abanzi. Eduzane eningizimu kukhona i-bottle tree, izithelo efana ukuma ibhodlela. Aborigine babatholela amanzi emvula.
Amahlathi aminyene angaphansi komhlaba akhula enyakatho. Lapha ungakwazi ukubona omkhulu amasundu imihlume. I-Acacia ne-pandanus, amahhashi kanye namafeni akhula ogwini olusenyakatho, lapho imvula eyiyo kakhulu. Eduze naseningizimu, ihlathi liyancipha. Izoni savannah iqala, okuyinto entwasahlobo kuyinto ukhaphethi aluhlaza of utshani obude, futhi ehlobo ke bomile, liphele futhi badedelane ibe yihlane soulless. ICentral Australia yindawo yamadlelo.
Kepha izitshalo ezitshaliwe zalethwa e-Australia ngabaseYurophu. Kuphela emva kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni ezwekazini benza ukotini, yefilakisi, ukolo, imifino kanye nezithelo nobuntu izitshalo European eqala ukukhula lapha.
Izilwane zasendle zase-Australia
Izilwane zase-Australia zicebile kakhulu futhi zihlukahlukene. Isici sokuqala emhlabeni isilwane: Australia has lenqwaba izilwane sendawo, okungukuthi, izilwane angasasekelwa atholakala kuphi emhlabeni. Lokhu, yiqiniso, ama-kangaroo nama-koalas, aqashelwa njengezimpawu zezwekazi laseningizimu. I-kangaroo kuphela ine-genera eyi-17 nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50. Emincane kakhulu kulo bayizinkulungwane ubude cm 20-23 kuphela, kanti ukufinyelela ngobukhulu 160 cm ubude. Uyazi ukuthi kukhona i-kangaroo amagundane, idwala kanye isihlahla kangaroo ngisho kangaroo derby? Kodwa-ke, e-Australia uqobo, igama elithi "kangaroo" libhekisela kuphela kubameli abathathu balesi simiso se-genus marsupials: i-grey enkulu ebomvu nokubomvu. Amanye abizwa ngokuthi ama-wallabies.
Futhi kukhona platypuses emangalisayo, abanesibindi izingwejeje ezindizayo, likhona kusukela isihlahla, echidna esabekayo, ezihlekisayo isibankwa-like izibankwa ukuthi Ungahambisa ngezinyawo ezimbili. Ama-Wombats kanye nama-uwezekano, abaluleke kakhulu ngoboya bawo, ahlala emahlathini ase-Australia. Izimpungushe ezindizayo zibukeka zinegazi kakhulu, yize zidla umpe nezimbali. Kodwa ngubani ezimbi ngempela - lawa amalulwane omkhulu wase-Australia. Izimpiko zalezi zilwane zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5, nesisindo - kufinyelela ku-1 kg!
Kukhona izinyoni eziningi ezihlala kula mazwe amakhulu eminyaka. Kunamandla emu izintshe, omkhulu cockatoo zopholi, ngokumemezela amahlathi e-Australia ne ukukhala kwabo. Lezi yizinyoni ze-lyre, i-twitter yazo ifana nomsindo wensimbi yomculo namajuba athweswe umqhele. Ukuhamba emahlathini ase-Australia ungezwa imisindo efana nokuhleka komuntu. Kookaburras, izinyoni emangalisayo Australian ezihlala emigodini ye izihlahla, zithi ukutshiyoza futhi. Izinyoni eziningi zinemibala egqamile.
Eningizimu, ungathola ama-penguin aqhamuka lapha evela e-Antarctic. Amanzi eshayisa ngu imikhomo omkhulu, okuyinto, lapho kuqala kubanda, enyakatho uthuthele ku Afrika. Kunamahlengethwa kanye noshaka abanamagazi. Imifula yase-Australia isiphenduke izingwenya ezinkulu. I-Great Barrier Reef yindawo yezihlahla coral futhi polyp, eels Moray futhi stingrays.
Isici sesibili se-Australia: azikho izilwane ezincelisayo ezivela esigabeni sabazingeli, ngaphandle kwalowo kuphela omele lolu hlobo: izinja zasendle uDingo.
AbaseYurophu babuye nezilwane ezifuywayo e-Australia. Njengoba kwamakoloni, imihlambi namanoni izimvu saqala bayotshala expanses we savannah Australia. Kuvele imbuzi, izinkomo namahhashi, izinja namakati.
Izinga lesilinganiso
Izoni esipholile sidlula mpumalanga elisogwini futhi Tasmania luqhubeke enyakatho agudle ugu olusempumalanga kule ndawo ezishisayo. Indawo enomsindo idume ngezihlahla zayo eziningi nezitshalo ezimile.
Ezintabeni zase-Australia nasezintabeni zaseTasmania, kutholakala imifino yasezintabeni ikakhulukazi. Ogwini olusempumalanga ye ukuba Tasmania kukhona esitokisini zezihlahla zikaphayini. Lezi zindawo zisendaweni yesibili ngemuva kwe-eucalyptus ngokuya ngokubaluleka kwazo kwezomnotho.
Izinhlobo ze-eucalyptus zitholakala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, izindawo ezifudumele futhi eziniselwe kahle eningizimu mpumalanga nasentshonalanga eseningizimu. Tasmania liyaziwa beech yayo amahlathi.
Indawo eyomile
Indawo eyomile itholakala kuyo yonke indawo ephakathi nendawo, eyomile futhi entshonalanga nezwekazi lesihlanu. Izimila ingashintshwa ukuze sezulu eyomile. Lezi ikakhulukazi izihlahla ze-eucalyptus ne-acacia (ingqikithi yezinhlobo ezingama-500). ENtshonalanga Australia, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-eucalyptus, ebizwa ngokuthi iJarra neKarri Eucalyptus. Bayazazisa zibe yizinkuni yabo okuqinile futhi isikhathi eside.
I-Australia inezinhlobo ezingama-2 000 zezitshalo ezingeniswa ezweni. Iningi labo lize kuleli nentuthuko yezolimo, imfuyo namahlathi. Kukholakala ukuthi ngaphambi kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni yi abaMhlophe bokuqala, cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu ezweni laligcwele ihlathi Savannah, izihlahla kanye namahlathi. Iningi lezitshalo zasendaweni zacekelwa phansi ukuze kwenziwe ikolonization nokusetshenziswa kwezolimo. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni inyamalale ngokungenakuphikiswa yezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-80 zezitshalo zomdabu. Kuze kube manje, kwezinhlobo 840 basengozini. Ngakho-ke, e-Australia kunezindawo zemvelo ezinkulu zokugcina. Cishe i-12% yensimu kwathiwa ivikelekile.
Okwavelela iyiphi uhambo Australia iyizwekazi izilwane zasendle ekhethekile zaleli zwekazi yesihlanu. Isimanga sezilwane ukuthi zihlala e-Australia noma e-zoo kuphela.
Parrots
Batholakala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo e-Australia. Azikho ogwini lwaseNew South Wales naseTasmania kuphela. Emhlabeni wonke ungabona kuphela kwezinhlobo eziyisithupha zopholi ezitholakala e-Australia. Okubizwa ngokuthi lorikeets kukhona kalula kakhulu. Yidla isinkwa ngqo ezandleni. I-Cockatoo ingabonakala yonke indawo.
Izingwenya
Izingwenya ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, okuthiwa yimanzini (okunosawoti), ziyatholakala nase-Australia. Izingwenya zeSalmon zingakhula zifike kumamitha ayi-6 ngobude futhi zithathwa njengezinamandla kakhulu nobuqili. Ngakho-ke, akufanele neze ukubhukuda emifuleni noma emachibini ukuthi azikwazi ukumelana. Lokhu kungabulala. Ama-Crocodiles awahlali kuphela emanzini anosawoti, kodwa nasemilonyeni yemifula. Awezinyoka babebhekwa ngisho 300 ukusuka ogwini.
Koala
I-Australia futhi iyikhaya le-koalas. Abakwazi akubonakali nje kuphela ema-zoo, kodwa futhi endaweni evulekile. Kakhulu bahlala phezulu emqheleni wezihlahla ze-eucalyptus. AmaKoalas akagcini nje ukusuka esihlahleni kwesinye isihlahla, ahlala emhlabathini. Ukubuyela ewukudla, amahlamvu, unamathela izinselo zazo zibe amagxolo ukugibela esihlahleni.
Izilwane eziyingozi emanzini
Ngiyazibuza ukuthi zingaki izilwane eziyingozi ezahlukahlukene ezihlala ogwini lwase-Australia? Abaningi babo ezibukeka zingalungile njengokuzijabulisa okungenangozi futhi ezinye zezifo ziyabulala.
Ushaka womhlanga, olungamamitha amabili ubude, awunangozi kangako kubantu. Ngokwezibalo, njalo ngonyaka abantu abaningi ababulawa ngukhukhunathi bafa e-Australia kunokuhlaselwa koshaka. Bangaki oshaka bazithola ngasogwini incike lokushisa lamanzi.
I-octopus enezindlebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingesinye sezilwane ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni. Ubuthi bungambulala umuntu omdala ngemizuzu. Inqobo nje uma lingekho ikhambi, zokwelapha ezaziwayo kuphela inhliziyo massage and umuntu afakwe emishinini yokuphefumula kuze umzimba icubungula ubuthi.
Kwababhukudi, iminyovu yolwandle iyingozi kakhulu kunoshaka. I-sea wasp iyi-celly jellyfish, ebhekwa njengesilwane sasolwandle esinobuthi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Anakho kufika ku-15 tentacles kuze kube ngamamitha amathathu ubude, futhi ubuthi etholakalayo kwanele abantu 200. Unyaka nonyaka, kufa abantu abaningi ngenxa yokuchayeka ngalezi jellyfish kunokuhlaselwa koshaka.
Le nhlanzi ebizwa ngamatshe, njengoba negama isho, ifana netshe. Uneziqu spikes mayelana 70 bazihambisa nakuwo wonke umzimba. Izikhala ezingama-70, ezingama-18 zinoshevu. Uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuxhumana nezinhlanzi ezinamadwala, ubuthi bungabulala. It kwenzeka ikakhulukazi engxenyeni eseningizimu-Australia. Lapho, izinhlanzi zihlala ezigodini zamakhorali, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamatshe noma ngqo ematsheni.
Indawo ye-Australia
Izwe itholakala kuleli zwekazi owesincane iplanethi, esiqhingini Tasmania futhi iqembu leziqhingi ezincane. Izwe litholakala hemisphere eseningizimu, kude namanye amazwekazi. Umngcele wezwe, ogama lakhe elihunyushwe lisuselwa kwelesiLatini elithi "australis" - "eningizimu", kunqunywa ngasogwini lolwandle, izilwandle zigeza izwe.
- coral
- Tasmanovo
- Isikhathi
- Arafura Sea,
- I-Bassa Straits,
- Torres.
Le ndawo main kuhlala ezingwadule, lulwimi ezingwadule. Izwekazi liwela i-tropic esenyakatho. Inamathafa asezintabeni anezimbali ezithakazayo ze-alpine, ihlathi elishisayo. umakhelwane Australia oseduze kakhulu ePapua New Guinea. Inhlokodolobha yezwe yiCanberra. Isikhathi amahora ayisikhombisa ngaphambi kweMoscow ebusika namahora angu-8 ehlobo. Ngaphakathi uthi lamakamu, isikhathi kuyahluka imizuzu engu-30. Izwekazi lisendaweni yezinyathelo ezine zesimo sezulu esishisayo: i-subequatorial, tropical, subtropical kanye nesithukuthezi esiqhingini saseTasmania. Izinyanga zobusika zifaka uJuni, Julayi, Agasti.
Amaphuzu Extreme
Izwekazi elincane kakhulu leplanethi linamaphuzu alandelayo womngcele walo:
- empumalanga yiCape Byron enezinhlaka ezingama-28 ° 38′15 ″ s. w. 153 ° 38'14 "c. d
- entshonalanga yiCape Stip-Pois enezindawo zokuxhumanisa ezingama-26 ° eningizimu kanye ne-13 ° ubude bempumalanga,
- eningizimu - Cape South Point nge izixhumanisi 39 ° eningizimu latitude 146 ° longitude empumalanga,
- enyakatho - ECape York ngokuxhumanisa i-10 ° eningizimu latitude, ibanga le-140 ° empumalanga.
Igama lesimanje lendawo yomhlaba livele ekuqaleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka. Ngaphambili, abanye ezindaweni zayo nabizelwa amagama discoverers. Isibonelo, amaDashi abiza amazwe asenyakatho ukuthi yiNew Holland. Ingxenye esempumalanga (ikoloni lesiNgisi) yabizwa ngokuthi yiNew South Wales. Ngemva ngomkhumbi emhlabeni ezwekazini ngaphansi kokuqondisa uCaptain Mathewu Flinders, uvele igama lakhe langempela.
Ubude nendawo
Izwe lihlala kulo lonke izwekazi. endaweni yaso 7 682 300 km². Cishe indawo yase-USA ngaphandle kwe-Alaska. Ubude bendawo ye-Australia ohlangothini olusenyakatho-eningizimu buyi-3200 km, entshonalanga-nasempumalanga - ngu-4100 km. Le ndawo kanye esiqhingini Tasmania ilingana ayizinkulungwane 7614,5 km 2. Ububanzi boganga ngaphandle kweziqhingi lufika kumakhilomitha angama-35,877. Amaphesenti amakhulu abantu base-Australia (abantu abangama-80 kwezigidi ezingama-22) bahlala emadolobheni. Idolobha lase-Australia kuyinto muzi omkhulu lesimanje ukuphila kwakhona kusezingeni eliphezulu.
Isimo sezulu
Indawo yezwekazi, ithonya lezimo zezilwandle ezimbili zakha izingxenye ezintathu zezulu ezibalulekile kulo:
- I-tropical. Itholakala enkabeni yezwe. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lapha lingafinyelela ku-+40 ° during phakathi nosuku bese lihle lize ku-0 ebusuku.
- Isizinda esingaphansi komhlaba, esimboza izindawo eziseningizimu yezwekazi. Kulezi zindawo, kuvela isikhathi soshintsho.
- I-Subequatorial. Itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe. Isici esiyisisekelo sithathwa njengokuhlukahluka okulinganayo kokushisa unyaka wonke. Kungaba ngu + 24 ° C kanye nemvula enkulu.
- Indawo yesine enomusa ibhekwa njengensimu encane yesiqhingi saseTasmania.
Ingxenye enkulu ihlalwa ogwadule, amathafa. Izintaba ezincane zitholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwekazi. Umfula omkhulu ubizwa ngeMurray. Isimo sezulu esomile senkabazwe ye-Australia sakhiwe ngeGreat Dividing Range, enweba ngasogwini olusempumalanga ibanga elingamamitha ayi-3,000.
Izilwane zasendle
Emazweni angawodwa, umuntu angamangala isikhathi eside ngokuhlanganiswa kwemibono yemvelo eyenziwe ngabantu. Izimangaliso zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zanamuhla zihlangana nezilwane zasendle ezingafundwanga zezwe, zigcina umoya wolwandle lwasendulo, izilwandle, umhlaba ongashabalali.
Cishe izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-20,000, zazo ezingaba ngu-90% ezingatholakali ndawo emhlabeni, zigcwele amahlathi ashisayo, amathafa, izintaba, ihlathi lezwe. Phakathi kokutshala okungajwayelekile, abamele abakhethekile baseGondwana basendulo baye bagcinwa.
Yilapha kuphela lapho ungabona izilwane ezincelisayo ezi-oviparous (iplypus, i-echidna), uthole ukwesaba lapho uhlangana ne-bandicoot (rat enkulu), uhlangane nosathane weTasmanian, ubone isibungu esikhulu samanzi (ubude baso bube amamitha ayi-3). Noma ukubona phakathi komhlanga omkhulu wamakhorali kule planethi namathanga e-algae angavamile, ufudu lwasolwandle, udugong, inhlanzi ekhanyayo engaziwa.
Izinhlobo zezilwane i-Australia
Ochwepheshe bathi izilwane zasendle zezwe yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- isiphetho sendabuko yezwekazi yizinhlobo eziyi-140 zezilwane zasendle. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-kangaroo, ama-koalas, ama-nambats. Muva nje, kutholakale izidumbu zebhubesi lasemandulo lasendulo ezifundeni ezisenyakatho,
- izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-370 zezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala emhlabeni, nezasolwandle ezingama-50,
- Izinhlobo ezingama-300 zezikhala,
- Izinhlobo zezinyoka eziyi-140,
- Izinhlobo ezingama-820 zezinyoni.
Impucuko efike ezweni "yasiza" izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo zanyamalala. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kwavela izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane nezimila lapha ezazingezona zezwe ngaphambili.
Izidlamlilo
Izwekazi elisomile lomhlaba, phakathi kwehlathi lasendle, izilwane ezidla ezinye cishe azikho. Abameli bendawo bezilwane bavumelana nezimo zezulu, bathuthukisa indlela yabo yokuphila. Izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka edlule, izisulu eziyinhloko lapha kwakuyizinja ze-dingo (ezifanayo ne-wolf ne-fox). Manje abantu base-Australia bahlushwa amakati aqanjiwe, abaye baba ngabazingeli bangempela.
Abamele abamele umhlaba wezilwane kuletha ingozi embi ezwenikazi:
- Ingwenya yamanzi anosawoti. Zizwa zizinhle emanzini amachibi, amawa, imifula namanzi olwandle anosawoti. Amathuba okuhlangana naye aphakeme ngokungjwayelekile. Ijubane lokuhamba emanzini weengwenya lifinyelela ku-27 km / h. Le yingwenya enolaka futhi eshesha kakhulu emhlabeni. Isisindo sayo sifinyelela kumathani amabili.
- Ushaka omhlophe omkhulu. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukufa okumhlophe." Manje sekusondele ukuqothuka futhi ivikelwe yimithetho yombuso.
- Izicabucabu, izinyoka. Leli iplanethi engabonakali yezidalwa ezimbi ezinobuthi. Phakathi kwazo - inyoka yenyoka, i-taipan yasogwadule, izicabucabu ezimnyama zabafelokazi, i-Atrax robustus, iSpider funnel spider.
- Emanzini olwandle nezilwandle, kungcono ukungalokothi uhlangane ne-octopus eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, jellyfish ne-Irukanju, i-cubomedusa.
Noma yikuphi ukuhamba ezindaweni ezivikelekile zase-Australia, ukuhlala emabhishi, ukubhukuda ngokungenamkhawulo olwandle, izikhala zolwandle kufanele zenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Izidlamlilo
Izwekazi elisomile lomhlaba, phakathi kwehlathi lasendle, izilwane ezidla ezinye cishe azikho. Abameli bendawo bezilwane bavumelana nezimo zezulu, bathuthukisa indlela yabo yokuphila. Izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka edlule, izisulu eziyinhloko lapha kwakuyizinja ze-dingo (ezifanayo ne-wolf ne-fox). Manje abantu base-Australia bahlushwa amakati aqanjiwe, abaye baba ngabazingeli bangempela.
Abamele abamele umhlaba wezilwane kuletha ingozi embi ezwenikazi:
- Ingwenya yamanzi anosawoti. Zizwa zizinhle emanzini amachibi, amawa, imifula namanzi olwandle anosawoti. Amathuba okuhlangana naye aphakeme ngokungjwayelekile. Ijubane lokuhamba emanzini weengwenya lifinyelela ku-27 km / h. Le yingwenya enolaka futhi eshesha kakhulu emhlabeni. Isisindo sayo sifinyelela kumathani amabili.
- Ushaka omhlophe omkhulu. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukufa okumhlophe." Manje sekusondele ukuqothuka futhi ivikelwe yimithetho yombuso.
- Izicabucabu, izinyoka. Leli iplanethi engabonakali yezidalwa ezimbi ezinobuthi. Phakathi kwazo - inyoka yenyoka, i-taipan yasogwadule, izicabucabu ezimnyama zabafelokazi, i-Atrax robustus, iSpider funnel spider.
- Emanzini olwandle nezilwandle, kungcono ungalokothi uhlangane ne-octopus eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, jellyfish ne-Irukanju, i-cubomedusa.
Noma yikuphi ukuhamba ezindaweni ezivikelekile zase-Australia, ukuhlala emabhishi, ukubhukuda ngokungenamkhawulo olwandle, izikhala zolwandle kufanele zenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Izilwane ezivamile
Ezwekazini kunezilwane eziningi ezihlukile ezihlala lapha kuphela. Phakathi kwazo, inqwaba inikezwa izilwane ezincelisayo ezincelisayo. Ngenxa yobungako benzalo ekhulayo, bakwazile ukugcina inqwaba yabantu endaweni ye-Green Continent.
Abamele abaziwa kakhulu bezilwane ezingavamile e-Australia yilezi:
- dingo. Uhlobo olukhethekile lwenja yasendle eza e-Australia eminyakeni engama-5,000 edlule. Manje i-dingo ithathwa njengedlozi elikhulu kakhulu kuleli zwekazi,
- i-kangaroo esephenduke uphawu lwezwe. Lokhu kubomvu okukhulu, ihlathi, intaba, udonga noma i-kangaroo yesihlahla,
- i-koala noma i-marsupial bear. Isihlobo sakhe esiseduze kakhulu i-wombat, engahlali ezihlahleni ze-eucalyptus, kodwa imijondolo futhi idla amasimu,
- iplypus,
- UMoloch. Lesi yisilova esinameva. Ngesikhathi sengozi, igoqa ibe yindandatho bese ishintsha umbala njenge-chameleon,
- impungushe ezindizayo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuthiwa yinja endizayo. Isilwane sidla emaphikweni angamamitha ayi-1,5 ngokudla kwezitshalo,
- unogwaja bandicoot. Isilwane esisemhlabeni, ebusuku,
- I-Ostrich Emu, i-cassowary.
Izidlamlilo
Izwekazi elisomile lomhlaba, phakathi kwehlathi lasendle, izilwane ezidla ezinye cishe azikho. Abameli bendawo bezilwane bavumelana nezimo zezulu, bathuthukisa indlela yabo yokuphila. Izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka edlule, izisulu eziyinhloko lapha kwakuyizinja ze-dingo (ezifanayo ne-wolf ne-fox). Manje abantu base-Australia bahlushwa amakati aqanjiwe, abaye baba ngabazingeli bangempela.
Abamele abamele umhlaba wezilwane kuletha ingozi embi ezwenikazi:
- Ingwenya yamanzi anosawoti. Zizwa zizinhle emanzini amachibi, amawa, imifula namanzi olwandle anosawoti. Amathuba okuhlangana naye aphakeme ngokungjwayelekile. Ijubane lokuhamba emanzini weengwenya lifinyelela ku-27 km / h. Le yingwenya enolaka futhi eshesha kakhulu emhlabeni. Isisindo sayo sifinyelela kumathani amabili.
- Ushaka omhlophe omkhulu. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukufa okumhlophe." Manje sekusondele ukuqothuka futhi ivikelwe yimithetho yombuso.
- Izicabucabu, izinyoka. Leli iplanethi engabonakali yezidalwa ezimbi ezinobuthi. Phakathi kwazo - inyoka yenyoka, i-taipan yasogwadule, izicabucabu ezimnyama zabafelokazi, i-Atrax robustus, iSpider funnel spider.
- Emanzini olwandle nezilwandle, kungcono ungalokothi uhlangane ne-octopus eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, jellyfish ne-Irukanju, i-cubomedusa.
Noma yikuphi ukuhamba ezindaweni ezivikelekile zase-Australia, ukuhlala emabhishi, ukubhukuda ngokungenamkhawulo olwandle, izikhala zolwandle kufanele zenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Izilwane ezivamile
Ezwekazini kunezilwane eziningi ezihlukile ezihlala lapha kuphela. Phakathi kwazo, inqwaba inikezwa izilwane ezincelisayo ezincelisayo. Ngenxa yobungako benzalo ekhulayo, bakwazile ukugcina inqwaba yabantu endaweni ye-Green Continent.
Abamele abaziwa kakhulu bezilwane ezingavamile e-Australia yilezi:
- dingo. Uhlobo olukhethekile lwenja yasendle eza e-Australia eminyakeni engama-5,000 edlule. Manje i-dingo ithathwa njengedlozi elikhulu kakhulu kuleli zwekazi,
- i-kangaroo esephenduke uphawu lwezwe. Lokhu kubomvu okukhulu, ihlathi, intaba, udonga noma i-kangaroo yesihlahla,
- i-koala noma i-marsupial bear. Isihlobo sakhe esiseduze kakhulu i-wombat, engahlali ezihlahleni ze-eucalyptus, kodwa imijondolo futhi idla amasimu,
- iplypus,
- UMoloch. Lesi yisilova esinameva. Ngesikhathi sengozi, igoqa ibe yindandatho bese ishintsha umbala njenge-chameleon,
- impungushe ezindizayo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuthiwa yinja endizayo. Isilwane sidla emaphikweni angamamitha ayi-1,5 ngokudla kwezitshalo,
- unogwaja bandicoot. Isilwane esisemhlabeni, ebusuku,
- I-Ostrich Emu, i-cassowary.
Izitshalo ezinhle
Isikhathi eside sokuhlukaniswa kwezwekazi, izimo zalo zezulu ezahlukahlukene zavumela ukwakheka komhlaba wezitshalo ezingafani nalutho. Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezingama-12,000 zezitshalo eziphakeme, kanti ezingama-9,000 zazo zingubhubhane.
Ejwayelekile kakhulu kulo lonke izwekazi kukhona izinhlobo eziningi ze-acacia, i-eucalyptus. Isimo sezulu esomile sivumela izihlahla eziningi nezihlahlana ukuba ziphila ngenxa yohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, oluhamba ngamamitha angama-30. Phakathi kwamaqabunga amade, awomile, izimbali zobuhle obungaphezu kokuvamile ziyavela eziningi zazo.
I-Banksy
Isihlahla esihlala sikhona singowomndeni wakwaProteus. Lesi sitshalo sathola igama lakhe ukuhlonipha usosayensi wezitshalo uJoseph Banks, obambe iqhaza kuloluhambo noJames Cook. Kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-170 e-Australia. Ama-inflorescence ayo amahle anjengamakhandlela e-fluffy. Izithelo, ezijika kancane kancane zibe yizigaxa, zigcwele umpe. Ngokubambisana ne-eucalyptus, i-Banksy iphakathi kwezimpawu zezwe.
Izitshalo ezivamile
Izitshalo ezihlukile zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zezwekazi. Ukwehlukahlukana okukhulu kubonwa engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga. Lapha, izilwane zasendle zibhekwa njengokujwayelekile ezweni. Inezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke ezingenisiwe ezivela kwamanye amazwekazi. Esiqhingini saseTasmania, ungabona izinhlobo zasendulo ze-Antarctic zezitshalo. Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nezisempumalanga, kutholakala izihlahlana zem mangango kanye nezihlahla zesundu.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ziyizinhlobo zezitshalo ezingandile e-Australia:
EWaratah
Kuvela intwasahlobo enkulu ebomvu kwentwasahlobo ezintabeni zaseBlue Mountain eduze kwaseSydney (kuwuphawu lwesimo seNew South Wales). Abantu bendawo baphuza ujusi omnandi wezimbali.
URisantella Gardner, noma Underchid Orchid
Izimpande zesitshalo ezingenamibala ezitholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe ngoJuni zakha ama-inflorescence ansomi kuze kufike ku-70 cm ubukhulu ngezimbali eziningi (aze afike kuma-100 PC) ngaphezulu kobuso bomhlaba.
Ngubani ohlala ezintabeni
Izwe elibhekwa njengeliphansi kakhulu emhlabeni. Azikho izintaba eziphakeme. Amaphesenti amahlanu kuphela endawo ahlala izintaba. Phakathi kwazo, ububanzi bezintaba obukhulu kunabo bonke iGreat Dividing Range. Izintaba ze-Blue Mountain zase-Australia, indawo yemvelo eseduze kwaseSydney, zithathwa njengengxenye yazo. E-Australia Alps intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke iKosciuszko, eyatholakala ngo-1840. Izintaba zeqhwa, ezintambo zase-Australia ziheha ngemibono yazo yasendulo, engaqondakali.
Phakathi kwamadwala acishe angenalutho, amahlathi amahle anamahlumela ezihlahla ze-eucalyptus, imithambeka ye-alpine, izilwane zasendle ziyaqhubeka ukumangaza ngokuba khona kwezilwane nezitshalo ezingandile. Phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezincelisayo ezincelisayo. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke ze-kangaroo ezihlala emahlathini asezintabeni, ama-kwasho amafushane kanye nezinye izinhlobo zalesi silwane. Lapha, phakathi kwezihlahla ze-eucalyptus, kunombuso wangempela we-koala, squirrel flying marsupial, kanye nabamele abaningi abavela emndenini wePosum. Ezintabeni, uvame ukubona izibankwa ezingandile, izinyoka ezinobuthi, izicabucabu.
Kwahlala amanzi
Izinsizakusebenza zamanzi ezwekazini lilinganiselwe. Ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu, imifula eminingi iyoma. Kugeleza unomphela emifuleni yaseTasmania, evela ezintabeni ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga yezwe. Umgwaqo omkhulu wamanzi nguMfula iMurray onezintela ezintathu (iGoulburn, Marrambigi, Darling).
Amachibi amakhulu kunawo wonke e-Australia iGerdner, evela, emoyeni, eTorrens. Ehlobo bayomile, bagcwele usawoti. I-Australia inemithombo emikhulu yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Izindawo zokuphuma kwazo ebusweni zakha izimo zempilo yengwenya, izimfudu, amasele ezihlahla, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi, ama-waterfowl. Lapha ungathola ngisho ne-Black Swan engavamile.
Izwekazi elikhulu, elizungezwe amanzi, ligcwele izakhamuzi ezingandile. Phakathi kwamathanga amakhorali, oshaka, ama-octopus, amakhaka, i-jellyfish, inhlanzi enkulu eyi-barramandi ukubhukuda ngokuthula. Akuzona zonke izimfihlo zabasolwandle ezembuliwe.
Eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, sekutholakale izinhlobo ezintsha zezinhlanzi lapha. Phakathi kwazo kugijima, izinhlobo ezindizayo, ezindizayo. Inhlanzi, inyanga, isibonakude, uNapoleon.
Izidlamlilo
Izwekazi elisomile lomhlaba, phakathi kwehlathi lasendle, izilwane ezidla ezinye cishe azikho. Abameli bendawo bezilwane bavumelana nezimo zezulu, bathuthukisa indlela yabo yokuphila. Izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka edlule, izisulu eziyinhloko lapha kwakuyizinja ze-dingo (ezifanayo ne-wolf ne-fox). Manje abantu base-Australia bahlushwa amakati aqanjiwe, abaye baba ngabazingeli bangempela.
Abamele abamele umhlaba wezilwane kuletha ingozi embi ezwenikazi:
- Ingwenya yamanzi anosawoti. Zizwa zizinhle emanzini amachibi, amawa, imifula namanzi olwandle anosawoti. Amathuba okuhlangana naye aphakeme ngokungjwayelekile. Ijubane lokuhamba emanzini weengwenya lifinyelela ku-27 km / h. Le yingwenya enolaka futhi eshesha kakhulu emhlabeni. Isisindo sayo sifinyelela kumathani amabili.
- Ushaka omhlophe omkhulu. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukufa okumhlophe." Manje sekusondele ukuqothuka futhi ivikelwe yimithetho yombuso.
- Izicabucabu, izinyoka. Leli iplanethi engabonakali yezidalwa ezimbi ezinobuthi. Phakathi kwazo - inyoka yenyoka, i-taipan yasogwadule, izicabucabu ezimnyama zabafelokazi, i-Atrax robustus, iSpider funnel spider.
- Emanzini olwandle nezilwandle, kungcono ungalokothi uhlangane ne-octopus eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, jellyfish ne-Irukanju, i-cubomedusa.
Noma yikuphi ukuhamba ezindaweni ezivikelekile zase-Australia, ukuhlala emabhishi, ukubhukuda ngokungenamkhawulo olwandle, izikhala zolwandle kufanele zenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Izilwane ezivamile
Ezwekazini kunezilwane eziningi ezihlukile ezihlala lapha kuphela. Phakathi kwazo, inqwaba inikezwa izilwane ezincelisayo ezincelisayo. Ngenxa yobungako benzalo ekhulayo, bakwazile ukugcina inqwaba yabantu endaweni ye-Green Continent.
Abamele abaziwa kakhulu bezilwane ezingavamile e-Australia yilezi:
- dingo. Uhlobo olukhethekile lwenja yasendle eza e-Australia eminyakeni engama-5,000 edlule. Manje i-dingo ithathwa njengedlozi elikhulu kakhulu kuleli zwekazi,
- i-kangaroo esephenduke uphawu lwezwe. Lokhu kubomvu okukhulu, ihlathi, intaba, udonga noma i-kangaroo yesihlahla,
- i-koala noma i-marsupial bear. Isihlobo sakhe esiseduze kakhulu i-wombat, engahlali ezihlahleni ze-eucalyptus, kodwa imijondolo futhi idla amasimu,
- iplypus,
- UMoloch. Lesi yisilova esinameva. Ngesikhathi sengozi, igoqa ibe yindandatho bese ishintsha umbala njenge-chameleon,
- impungushe ezindizayo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuthiwa yinja endizayo. Isilwane sidla emaphikweni angamamitha ayi-1,5 ngokudla kwezitshalo,
- unogwaja bandicoot. Isilwane esisemhlabeni, ebusuku,
- I-Ostrich Emu, i-cassowary.
Izitshalo ezinhle
Isikhathi eside sokuhlukaniswa kwezwekazi, izimo zalo zezulu ezahlukahlukene zavumela ukwakheka komhlaba wezitshalo ezingafani nalutho. Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezingama-12,000 zezitshalo eziphakeme, kanti ezingama-9,000 zazo zingubhubhane.
Ejwayelekile kakhulu kulo lonke izwekazi kukhona izinhlobo eziningi ze-acacia, i-eucalyptus. Isimo sezulu esomile sivumela izihlahla eziningi nezihlahlana ukuba ziphila ngenxa yohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, oluhamba ngamamitha angama-30. Phakathi kwamaqabunga amade, awomile, izimbali zobuhle obungaphezu kokuvamile ziyavela eziningi zazo.
I-Banksy
Isihlahla esihlala sikhona singowomndeni wakwaProteus. Lesi sitshalo sathola igama lakhe ukuhlonipha usosayensi wezitshalo uJoseph Banks, obambe iqhaza kuloluhambo noJames Cook. Kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-170 e-Australia. Ama-inflorescence ayo amahle anjengamakhandlela e-fluffy. Izithelo, ezijika kancane kancane zibe yizigaxa, zigcwele umpe.Ngokubambisana ne-eucalyptus, i-Banksy iphakathi kwezimpawu zezwe.
I-Etlingera
Ngaphandle kwalokho, imbali emangalisayo ibizwa nge- "lily evuthayo," "i-porcelain rose."
Taka
Ikhula emahlathini emvula ase-Australia. Imbali ibukeka njengamaphiko asabekayo uvemvane.
I-Cephalotus sac
Ijeke elihle elinesembozo lingezezitshalo ezingavikeleki.
Ama-Prionotes waxy
Ikhula phakathi kwamahlathi emvula esiqhingi saseTasmania. Amagatsha athambile akhasa phansi emhlabathini azungeze izihlahla, akha izihlahla ezinhle eziphakeme aze afike ku-10 m.
I-Broadleaf Isopogon (Isopogon latifolius)
Isihlahla esincane sihlotshiswe ngeziqu ezinsundu onsundu nezimbali ezinhle ezibomvu.
Izitshalo ezivamile
Izitshalo ezihlukile zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zezwekazi. Ukwehlukahlukana okukhulu kubonwa engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga. Lapha, izilwane zasendle zibhekwa njengokujwayelekile ezweni. Inezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke ezingenisiwe ezivela kwamanye amazwekazi. Esiqhingini saseTasmania, ungabona izinhlobo zasendulo ze-Antarctic zezitshalo. Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nezisempumalanga, kutholakala izihlahlana zem mangango kanye nezihlahla zesundu.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ziyizinhlobo zezitshalo ezingandile e-Australia:
EWaratah
Kuvela intwasahlobo enkulu ebomvu kwentwasahlobo ezintabeni zaseBlue Mountain eduze kwaseSydney (kuwuphawu lwesimo seNew South Wales). Abantu bendawo baphuza ujusi omnandi wezimbali.
URisantella Gardner, noma Underchid Orchid
Izimpande zesitshalo ezingenamibala ezitholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe ngoJuni zakha ama-inflorescence ansomi kuze kufike ku-70 cm ubukhulu ngezimbali eziningi (aze afike kuma-100 PC) ngaphezulu kobuso bomhlaba.
I-Telopeia mongensis
Imbali e-raspberry egqamile iqhakaza phezulu kwesiqu. Ngeshwa, ungahlangana naye kuphela kwizindawo zemvelo.
Ama-anigosanthos, noma “iwashi le-kangaroo”
Isitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukusika. Kusetshenziselwa ukudala ukuhlelwa kwezimbali zokuqala. Isithombe sembali sisefanekisweni yesifundazwe sase Ntshonalanga Australia.
Lilia Jimea
Entwasahlobo, esihlahleni esifushane, kuvela isiqu esikhulu esinomdwebo obomvu okhanyayo obukeka njengomkhonto.
Ngubani ohlala ezintabeni
Izwe elibhekwa njengeliphansi kakhulu emhlabeni. Azikho izintaba eziphakeme. Amaphesenti amahlanu kuphela endawo ahlala izintaba. Phakathi kwazo, ububanzi bezintaba obukhulu kunabo bonke iGreat Dividing Range. Izintaba ze-Blue Mountain zase-Australia, indawo yemvelo eseduze kwaseSydney, zithathwa njengengxenye yazo. E-Australia Alps intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke iKosciuszko, eyatholakala ngo-1840. Izintaba zeqhwa, ezintambo zase-Australia ziheha ngemibono yazo yasendulo, engaqondakali.
Phakathi kwamadwala acishe angenalutho, amahlathi amahle anamahlumela ezihlahla ze-eucalyptus, imithambeka ye-alpine, izilwane zasendle ziyaqhubeka ukumangaza ngokuba khona kwezilwane nezitshalo ezingandile. Phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezincelisayo ezincelisayo. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke ze-kangaroo ezihlala emahlathini asezintabeni, ama-kwasho amafushane kanye nezinye izinhlobo zalesi silwane. Lapha, phakathi kwezihlahla ze-eucalyptus, kunombuso wangempela we-koala, squirrel flying marsupial, kanye nabamele abaningi abavela emndenini wePosum. Ezintabeni, uvame ukubona izibankwa ezingandile, izinyoka ezinobuthi, izicabucabu.
Kwahlala amanzi
Izinsizakusebenza zamanzi ezwekazini lilinganiselwe. Ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu, imifula eminingi iyoma. Kugeleza unomphela emifuleni yaseTasmania, evela ezintabeni ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga yezwe. Umgwaqo omkhulu wamanzi nguMfula iMurray onezintela ezintathu (iGoulburn, Marrambigi, Darling).
Amachibi amakhulu kunawo wonke e-Australia iGerdner, evela, emoyeni, eTorrens. Ehlobo bayomile, bagcwele usawoti. I-Australia inemithombo emikhulu yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Izindawo zokuphuma kwazo ebusweni zakha izimo zempilo yengwenya, izimfudu, amasele ezihlahla, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi, ama-waterfowl. Lapha ungathola ngisho ne-Black Swan engavamile.
Izwekazi elikhulu, elizungezwe amanzi, ligcwele izakhamuzi ezingandile. Phakathi kwamathanga amakhorali, oshaka, ama-octopus, amakhaka, i-jellyfish, inhlanzi enkulu eyi-barramandi ukubhukuda ngokuthula. Akuzona zonke izimfihlo zabasolwandle ezembuliwe.
Eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, sekutholakale izinhlobo ezintsha zezinhlanzi lapha. Phakathi kwazo kugijima, izinhlobo ezindizayo, ezindizayo. Inhlanzi, inyanga, isibonakude, uNapoleon.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
Izwekazi elikhulu, elihlalwa izilwane, izitshalo ezingavamile, eligcinwe kusukela ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwalo ngamandla emvelo, lidume ngamarekhodi amathathu angajwayelekile. Kuyinto ephansi kunazo zonke, encane kunazo zonke futhi eshisa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Uthango olukhulu kunazo zonke (5614 m) lwakhiwa endaweni yalo, luvikela imihlambi engenakubalwa yezimvu ngabalimi bendawo. Ubuhle bemvelo buhambisana namadolobha amahle, anempilo enhle, izikhungo zempilo yebhizinisi, namasiko ezwe. Ama-skyscrapers, izakhiwo zefomu elingajwayelekile zisondele ekuthandeni kwemvelo.
Ukufezekiswa okukhulu kohlelo lukahulumeni wase-Australia ngamathuba wokufudukela ezweni mahhala. Umuntu ovela kunoma yiliphi izwe elinemfundo, isipiliyoni somsebenzi, uzothola indawo enhle yokuhlala.
Ukulondolozwa Kwemvelo
Ukuvikelwa kwezilwane nezitshalo ezingatholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu kanye nokuqaliswa kwemithetho yombuso okuhlose ukunakekela izipho zemvelo ezingandile. Kuze kube manje, i-Australia idale inani elikhulu lezindawo ezibekelwe ukuzigcina, amapaki kazwelonke, kubandakanya nezintaba, amathafa, ulwandle nemifula evulekile yezindawo. Izinhlobo zokugcina eziningi manje zigcinwa ezindaweni zazo. Kunamapaki angaphezu kuka-500 avikelwe, izindawo zokongiwa ezitholakala ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene zezwe. Ngaphansi kokuvikelwa yizinto zemvelo ezingama-9300, ezingama-13% ale ndawo.
Phakathi kokulondolozwa kwemvelo okudumile kunezindawo ezilandelayo:
- Izintaba Ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ipaki yadalwa ngo-1959,
- Ububanzi Be-Flinders. Itholakala phakathi kwezintaba,
- Ipaki yaseKosciuszko. Ensimini yayo kukhona amachibi amangalisayo esikhathi seqhwa, amachibi ashushubezayo,
- Purnululu. Nazi izintaba ezidumile zeBangle Bangle,
- Uluru. Indawo engcwele yabahlali. Izindonga zemigede zilondoloze imidwebo yasendulo, imibhalo,
- Ipaki laseKakadu. Umbuso wabantu abangaphansi kwamanzi, abahlala emhlabeni wase-Australia.
Izilwane zasendle zezwekazi zigcinwa ngenxa yokuvumelana okumangalisayo komuntu nemvelo. Esikhathini esizayo zingatholakala izinto ezintsha zezwe zezitshalo, izilwane ezizalwa olwandle.
Isikhundla sendawo
I-Australia itholakala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi iyizwekazi elincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ugu lwaleli zwekazi lugezwa ulwandlekazi lwePacific nolwaseNdiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lezilwandle zithinta lezi zisogwini, ezigcwaliswe ngamakhethini, wona, wona ngokwawo, akha lezi zolwandle.
Kufanele kuqashelwe, kanye neziqhingi eziningi ezisuse ogwini lwaleli zwekazi. Iziqhingi ezidume kakhulu yiNew Guinea neTasmania.
Isimo sezulu
Izwekazi lincane, kepha lifaka phakathi okuningi (kwesikhala esincane kangako) sezindawo zesimo sezulu. Kunezindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izindawo okuthiwa ziguqukayo, ezibandakanya ogwadule, ogwadule nezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Isimo sezulu siqhutshwa kakhulu yimisinga yolwandle efana ne-Indian Ocean dipole ne-El Nino. Lezi zimo zidala ukwakheka kwezivunguvungu ezinamandla nomoya omile osakazekela kuyo yonke indawo.
Inani nezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zezulu okunquma ukwahlukahluka nokwehluka kwesimo sezulu ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zezwekazi. Isibonelo, enyakatho lina imvula ehlobo kanye nesomiso ebusika, ngokuvamile, isimo sezulu sijwayelekile kumaTropiki. Ingxenye emaphakathi igcwele ugwadule olunesimo sezulu esilinganayo.
Izakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba zitholakala eningizimu nasentshonalanga eseningizimu, ingxenye eseningizimu-mpumalanga iyindawo yesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ugwadule lukhona ezindaweni ezihlukene, njengoba luhlala cishe ingxenye yezwekazi lonke. Isici sentethezi ngumthunzi wamakhorali wenhlabathi, obonakala e-Australia kuphela.
- U-Great Sand Desert. Ugwadule olunesihloko esibomvu nge-eucalyptus ne-acacia engandile.
- I-Victoria Desert. Azikho izitshalo nhlobo (noma zikhona, kepha kuyaqabukela, kuyaqabukela) isikhala esikhulu sesomiso esiphelele.
- IGibson Desert ngokungafani nezinye, inamagquma amaningi nobuningi bamatshe amatshe nopera ngaphandle.
- U-Simpson Desert. Izitshalo eziningi ezingagxiliwe nezihlabathi ezibomvu, ngokuvamile, isithombe esijwayelekile sase-Australia.
- Izikhonkwane. Ngokungafani nogwadule oluningi lwase-Australia, inesihlabathi ophuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amatshe amakhulu impela afinyelela kumamitha amabili ukuphakama kugcwalisa ithafa lapha.
Ukukhululeka nezimpawu zalo
I-Australia iyizwe elingene kakhulu futhi izwekazi lonke, lapha emakhulwini eminyaka naseminyakeni eyedlule, amadwala ayekhuphuka yimimoya futhi ngenxa yalokho ingxenye enkulu yadatshulwa. Eqinisweni, izintaba zimelela kuphela i-Great Dividing Range. Itholakala engxenyeni esempumalanga futhi ingxenye yayo ephakeme kakhulu yiNtaba iKosciuszko, amamitha angama-2228 ukuphakama, kuyilapho ukuphakama okuphansi kwalezi zintaba kuyivumela ukuba ikhule ngezihlahla, izitshalo nezihlahla.
Kuyiqiniso, kunezindawo eziphakeme kwezinye izingxenye zezwekazi, kodwa ziphansi, okuthile okufana nengxenye yegquma yeScotland futhi kuphansi kakhulu. Izindawo eziphakeme kuphela zase-Australia ezitholakala ogwini. Ngisho nezazi zesimo sezulu zibiza lezi zindawo eziphakeme ngokuthi hhayi amagquma, kodwa amagquma.
Isitshalo esikhulu sezwe
Abaningi bahlobanisa i-Australia ne-kangaroo, kepha izwe lelo linophawu lwaso lwesitshalo, oluse-eucalyptus. Umuthi ubonakala ngokukhuthazela okwandayo (uma kungenzeka ukusho kanjalo ngezihlahla) futhi uyakwazi ukubekezelela isimo sezulu esingafani kanye nokuntuleka komswakama. Ngakho-ke, ikhula kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-Australia.
Ngandlela thile, i-eucalyptus ifana ne-mushroom, ngoba inengxenye enkulu kakhulu engaphansi komhlaba kunengxenye yomhlaba. Izimpande ze-eucalyptus zingena zijule emhlabeni, futhi ingxenye yomhlabathi incane. Ngenxa yezimpande ezithuthukisiwe, lesi sitshalo sithola ngokuphelele umswakama emithonjeni etholakalayo, ikakhulukazi, imithombo enjalo yimifula, amaswidi neminye imithombo.
ISouth and East Australia: I-Flora
Isimo sezulu lapha sishubisa umnkantsha ezwenikazi futhi izimvula empeleni aziyeki, kusobala, aziqhubeki, kepha umongo ubukhona bemvula ojwayelekile. Imvula ngezikhathi ezithile unyaka wonke futhi inikela ngenhlabathi ethambile futhi evundile, yona evumela ukuthi izitshalo eziningi zizizwe zikhulu. Isibonelo, kulapha lapho kunenqwaba yamathanga e-bamboo asuka ogwini lwezwekazi aya ezintabeni ezinamanzi kakhulu.
Ngaphezulu eningizimu, izihlahlana ze-bamboo ziyancipha futhi izikhala ezithobela izihlahla ezibizwa ngokuthi bamboo ziqala, ezisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo izakhamizi zalezi zindawo. Izithelo zesihlahla esinjalo zifana ngempela nebhodlela elisesimweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, “ebhodleleni” elinjalo kuhlala kukhona amanzi amakhulu angasetshenziselwa ukuphuza noma ukupheka.
Izimbali zaseNyakatho
Indawo yesimo sezulu eshisayo inendawo lapha. Izimila zithuthukiswa kakhulu futhi kwakhiwa ihlathi. Ikakhulu, izihlahla eziningi zase-Australia zivame ukwakha la mahlathi anele:
- Pandanus
- umacacia
- ama-mangrove nezintambo zesundu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ezingezansi eziningi ziningi, njengamahhashi namafern ehlukahlukene. Kancane kancane, eningizimu, insimu iba yindawo elahlekile, kuthi enyakatho-ntshonalanga entwasahlobo kuqale ukukhula amakhambi ahlukahlukene okwelapha.
Izimbali nezilwane zase-Australia zixhunyiwe. Kukhona izihlahla nezihlahlana ezingafani nalutho, kanye nezilwane ezihlukile ezibonakala kuphela kulezi zindawo. Isibonakaliso sezwekazi lonke, yiqiniso, yi-kangaroo.
Eqinisweni, emiqondweni yendoda ejwayelekile engazi okuningi ngezidalwa zase-Australia, i-kangaroo iyisidalwa esilingana nomuntu, kodwa ama-kangaroo anjalo, empeleni afinyelela cishe amasentimitha angama-170, ayivelakancane. Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingama-17 zofuzo nezinhlobo ezingama-50 ezakha izinhlobo eziningi zama-kangaroo ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, kunabantu abancane kakhulu abalingana amasentimitha angama-25, ngokuvamile, okuthile okufana nekati. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-kangaroo derby, amagundane ama-kangaroo nezinye izinhlobo zalezi zilwane kufanele ziphawulwe.
Fauna uhlala ngenhla komhlaba
Eqinisweni, kuzo zonke izikhala izilwane ezincelisayo zihlala esikhaleni esingaphezulu komhlaba. Kwenzekile ngandlela thile, kepha izilwane zase-Australia zithanda ukungathinti nhlobo umhlaba futhi zivame ukukhuphukela endaweni ethile emagatsheni, ezihlahleni noma ziye nomoya impela.
Isibonelo esijwayelekile ama-koalas noma ama-wombat akhuphuka iziqu zezihlahla ze-eucalyptus, kepha kunezinye izindlela eziningi. Isibonelo, kufanele kuqashelwe squirrel yase-Australia, eyakha indlela enhle yokuhamba. Indiza isuka egatsheni iye egatsheni futhi ngokuvamile indiza njengenyoni.
Kukhona nezimpungushe zase-Australia futhi, ngendlela exakile, nazo zinamaphiko. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimpungushe ezinje ezinamaphiko zibukeka zisongela ngendlela exakile, kepha empeleni ziphenduka zaba muhle kakhulu, lezi izimpungushe azidli lutho ngaphandle komucu wezimbali. Uma sikhuluma ngezidalwa ezindizayo eziyingozi zase-Australia, kufanele kuphawulwe amalulwane, anobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele.
Izakhamizi zomhlaba
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ingxenye enkulu yobukhulu be-Australia ngamathafa, kodwa hhayi izilwane ezilula ezihamba kulezi zihlahlana. Impela, izithombe ezinjalo zivamile e-Australia, kepha uma ubheka kuphela ogwadule obomvu, lapho iplypus isebenza khona, uqala ukubonisa ukuthi ukulo mhlaba ukuphi.
Azikho neze izilwane ezidla ezinye kuleli zwekazi, yize zikhona, ngokwesibonelo, izingwenya, kanye nenja yasendle uDingo nayo kufanele ibonwe.
Ukufingqa, khona-ke e-Australia yonke into ihlukile, kusuka ekukhululekeni nasendaweni ebonakalayo kuya ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Okujabulisa kakhulu ubungani obucishe buphelele bomhlaba wasendle, njengoba uyazi, izingane akufanele ziye e-Afrika ukuze zihambe, kodwa ukuhamba e-Australia kungenzeka.