Imikhaza ye-Gamasid (lat. Gamasina) isatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-6000 ezaziwayo zeparasic, ezihlala mahhala. Umzimba u-oval nosayizi omkhulu ongu-2,5 mm. Bangabathwali, abagcini bezifo ezahlukahlukene zezinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo. Pararize izinyosi, ezinye izinambuzane, ama-amphibians, izicabucabu, imijikelezo, izinduku. Ukulunywa yikhaza le-gamasid elingabonakali kubangela ukusabela okuthe xaxa kumuntu.

Ukubukeka nendlela yokuphila

Amagagasi e-Gamasid ayizilwane ezincane kakhulu, ubude bawo busuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-3.5 mm. Umzimba une-ovoid noma i-oval shape kanye nombala ophuzi noma onsundu. Igazi elisanda kudakwa, izimuncagazi zibomvu. Umzimba uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili - umzimba uqobo, noma umzimba, umbozwe ngesembozo esiminyene sokonakala, nempahla yomlomo. Emzimbeni womkhaza wabantu abadala kunamaphara amane wemilenze.

Izisetshenziswa zomlomo zomkhaza we-parasitic zinokuvela kwe-proboscis futhi zenzelwe ukubhoboza isikhumba sezisulu. Ama-chelicerales abukhali abhoboza isikhumba, futhi ezinhlangothini zazo kukhona ama-pedipalps enzelwe ukuthintwa. Imikhaza iphefumula ngosizo lwe-trachea, izimbobo zokuphefumula zitholakala ezinhlangothini zomzimba.

Ekukhuleni kwayo, izibungu ze-gamasid zidlula ngezigaba eziningana:

1. iqanda
2. izibungu
3. nymph I (protonymph),
4. nymph II (deuteronymph),
5. umuntu omdala.

Ukutshala kwenzeka ngale ndlela elandelayo: owesilisa onochecofi wakhe unamathisela i-spermatophore (isikhwama sesidoda) emgodini ohambelana nomzimba wowesifazane. Kunezinhlobo ezingazalela ingxenyehenoisuis. Ngesikhathi se-parthenogenesis, izinsikazi ezingafundile zibekela amaqanda, okuvela kuzo izibungu ezinamandla. Izinhlobo ezingama-Viviparous of gamasid imikhaza nazo ziyaziwa. Kuzo, iqanda likhula ngaphakathi komzimba wowesifazane, bese izibungu noma ngisho ne-protonymph zisuka kowesifazane ngokushesha. Njengoba amaqanda makhulu impela uma eqhathaniswa nomkhaza wesifazane, insikazi ithwala futhi ibekele iqanda elilodwa ngasikhathi.

Abamele izigaba ezihlukile zentuthuko bahlukaniswa kalula kusuka komunye nomunye. Izibungu zinemilenze eyisithupha kuphela futhi azondli. I-Protonympha inemilenze emine, inombala omhlophe, amalebula athambile futhi asebenza kakhulu. AmaDutchimphs anezembozo eziminyene futhi anombala ophuzi noma onsundu ngombala. Ama-Protonymphs nama-deuteronymphs feed. Umjikelezo wokuthuthuka udlula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha izinsuku eziyishumi ukusuka ekubekeni iqanda kuya ekubonakaleni komdala.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwemikhaza yabantu abadala kwesinye isikhathi siyizinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma ingekho imithombo yokudla efanelekile, imikhaza ingalamba isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Incazelo yezinambuzane

Zonke izibungu ze-gamasid zingama-arthropod amancane kakhulu. Ubude babantu bezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu bufika ku-3.5 mm, kuyilapho iningi labameleli be-infraorder lingahlukaniseki ngeso lomuntu. Umzimba wamikhaza uvame ukujamojamo futhi unombala ophuzi noma onsundu. Iningi lazo limbozwe ngesembozo se-chitinous esivikela isidalwa.

Amabhokisi amane emilenze anamathiselwe emzimbeni wekhaza le-gamasid, okudingekayo ukuze likhanye. Okondlayo, inkathazo inemishini ekhethekile yomlomo, isimilo sezidalwa ezihlaselayo: uhlobo lwe- "proboscis" olunezakhi ezibukhali - i-chelicerae. Lezi zingxenye zomlomo, ezifana nezikhafu, ezisebenza ukubhoboza isikhumba salowo ohlukunyeziwe. I-pedipalps etholakala eduze kwe-chelicera inesibopho somqondo wokuthinta - uhlobo lwezitho ezithambile. Ukuphendula kwenzeka ngosizo lwe-trachea, kuyilapho izimbobo zomoya zingena emzimbeni zitholakala ezinhlangothini zomzimba olukhanyayo.

Phakathi kwemikhaza ye-gamasid kunezidlanzana ezimbalwa kakhulu. Iningi lezinhlobo lihlala emhlabeni, utshani, usilika, ezihlahleni, emifantweni yezakhiwo, njll. Alimlimazi umuntu nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi ezinye zinezici ezinkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke abantu abaziboni nje.

Umsoco

Uningi imikhaza ye-gamasid zingama-omnivores noma izisulu. Isibonelo, bazingela ngentshiseko izilwane ezincane ezingenasici, ezingabhekana nazo kalula. Abanye bachitha imfuhlumfuhlu yamaqanda ezinambuzane, futhi abamele abancane be-infraorder badla ama-microorganisms amancane, ngokwesibonelo, isikhunta.

Kepha ingxenyenamba enganakeki yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zama-gamasid izibungu ifundile ku-parasitism. Zidla ngegazi lezilwane ezinkulu: izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izinambuzane noma izilwane ezihuquzelayo.

Phakathi kwemikhaza, izinhlobo ezi-2 zokuhlanzeka zihlukaniswa:

1. Okwesikhashana. Ihlanganiswe negazi, umkhaza we-gamasid ushiya umzimba wayo, bese ufuna umthombo omusha wezondlamzimba.
2. Okwaphakade. I-arthropod ihlala isemzimbeni wesisulu noma ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Lapha abagcini ngokufinyelela kwamahhala ekunikezelweni kwegazi okungenamkhawulo, kodwa futhi bafudunyezwa ukushisa komthwali wabo. Konke lokhu kudala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzala kabusha.

Izindawo ze-Gamasid zinazo "izinketho zokunambitha" zazo. Isibonelo, i-Varroa destructor ithelele izinyosi zezinyosi.

Amagundane

Amagundane amagundane adla egazini lamagundane amnyama namampunga, amagundane endlu, nezinye izinduku, kepha ahlasela zombili izilwane ezifuywayo (amakati nezinja) nabantu, okubangela ukuqina kwesikhumba okukhishwa ngamakhanda.

Imikhaza yamagundane ithwala izifo eziningi: vesicular rickettsiosis, Ku fever, hemorrhagic fever. Zingaba futhi abathwali bama-virus we-encephalitis ama-tick-borne, i-lymphocytic choriomeningitis. Amagundane angamagciwane angangenwa nayisifo kanye ne-tularemia.

Inkukhu

Imikhaza yenkukhu idla izinyoni ezifuywayo nezasendle, futhi ukuhlasela abantu kungadala isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga wesikhumba. Lolu hlobo lwekhick luhlala ikakhulu ezidlekeni; luhlasela izinyoni kuphela ngokudla. Izinkukhu zilimaza kakhulu ukulima kwezinkukhu. Ngokuhlasela okukhulu kwemikhaza, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuyancipha, ukwanda kwesisindo, izinkukhu ziyafa.

Phawula ukulimala

Amagagasi eGamasid ahlanganisa izilwane eziningi ezifuywayo. Ukulunywa umkhaza kulimaza abantu, kudale ukuqubuka kanye nokulunywa. Ukulunywa izikhathi eziningi kuholela ku-dermatitis. I-dermatitis ebangelwa imikhaza ye-gamasid ibizwa ngokuthi yi-gamazoidosis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-pathogen ezifo ezahlukahlukene angangena emzimbeni womuntu ngokulimala kokukhishwa. Emakamelweni lapho umuntu ehlala khona, izibungu ze-gamasid zivame ukungena kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo noma zasendle.

Indlela yokuphila

Lezi zibungu zihlala emhlabathini, emfucumfucwini wamahlathi, emadlelweni, ezifuyweni zezilwane nasezindlini zezinyoni, emagumbini ezilwane nasezakhiweni zokuhlala. Imvamisa phila impilo ecashile, ukuhlasela imisele, izidleke namagumbi. Ezinye izinhlobo zincela igazi labaphathi bazo isikhashana, bese zichitha ukuphumula kwazo emashalofini, lapho ziphindaphindeka zikhule khona.

Umkhaza wegundane Dermanyssus sanguineus

Ama-parasites amancane ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-3 mm. Umzimba u-oval, ovoid, uthambile. Umbala onsundu, ophuzi, onsundu. Kuya ngendawo yokuhlala, inani legazi elichithwa, umuthi wokudla. Imilenze emide emincane - izingcezu ezi-8. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlola ngokuningiliziwe ukwakheka komzimba ngeso elinqunu. Isithombe esikhulisiwe somkhaza we-gamasid wethulwa ngezansi.

Isici salolu hlobo lwe-parasite yikhono lokudlala kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo isidleke samagundane asendle. Bondla ngegazi lezilwane. Nama-rodent angena endlini yomuntu. Emzimbeni wabantu, izibungu ze-gamasid azihlali, kepha ukulunywa kwazo kubangela ukungahambi kahle komzimba, ukulunywa kanzima.

Umjikelezo wokuthuthukisa umkhaza we-Hamase

Impilo yama-parasites ayiqondakali kahle. Ngokuqondene nabamele okuyingozi kakhulu ebantwini, okuningi kuyaziwa ngabo. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda enhlabathini enomswakama, isalage, humus, umquba, indle, utshani, imifantu ezindongeni, phansi, ngamapayipi amanzi, njll. Ifakwa ngezinto ezikhethekile ezinamathela ngokushesha, lapho ihlangana nomoya.

Izibungu zivela emaqanda, bese kuba ama-nymphs weminyaka emibili. Esigabeni sokugcina, kwakhiwa izitho zangasese, kuvela elinye i-paws. I-nymph iphenduka ibe imago. Abesifazane abathobanga, iqanda elilodwa kuphela likhula ngasikhathi. Ikhefu phakathi kokwenza busuku ngamahora ayi-8. Lokhu kungahambi kahle kunxephezelwa yisigaba sokuthuthuka okusheshayo esigabeni ngasinye. Amafomu abantu abadala be-gamasid akha zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-12.

Isilinganiso sokuphila komuntu omdala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle siyizinyanga eziyi-2,5. Abadala, ama-nymphs wesikhathi sesibili bayakwazi ukubulawa yindlala izinyanga eziyisithupha. Iwela ukwenziwa opopayi okumiswe okwesikhashana. Lapho zibona isisulu, ziphila masinyane, ziqhubeke nokuhlakazeka.

Ukuzala

Kumikhaza ye-gamasid, ukukhiqizwa okuphindwe kabili kuyimpawu. Kwenzeka ngendlela ethokozisayo kodwa: umuntu wesilisa uthola i-spermatophore (uhlobo lwesikhwama esinamaseli ocansi) lapho kuvulwa insikazi ngosizo lwezinwele ze-chelice. Ngokushesha, insikazi ibekela amaqanda.

Ezinye izinhlobo zemikhaza ye-gamasid ziyakwazi "ukuzala kabusha izintombi," noma i-parthenogeneis. Ukuze ubeke amaqanda, insikazi akufanele ivundiswe. Kulokhu, izibungu ezisebenzayo ziyavela kumakhambi.

I-Parthenogenesis ibonwa kuma-arthropods, kanye nezintuthwane, amasimu nezitshalo. Ibhalisiwe ezinhlotsheni ezingama-70 zama-vertebrates. Isibonelo, ku-Komodo's qapha izibankwa.

Phakathi kwemikhaza ye-gamasid kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ze-viviparous. Kuzo, ukukhula kweqanda kwenzeka emzimbeni wowesifazane. I-arthropod izalwa ngendlela yesibungu noma isivele i-nymph. Ngenxa yokuthi iqanda linobukhulu obukhulu obuhlobene nosayizi womzimba wowesifazane, uyakwazi ukwenza elilodwa kuphela ngasikhathi.

Izindlela zokulawula

Imikhaza kaGamazov ayiphili emzimbeni womuntu, kepha ukuhlaselwa yikholomu yezidambisi kuyingozi ngokwakhiwa komzimba oqinile. Ukuze ubasuse, udinga ukugeza, ukugeza izingubo. Ukuhlanganisa umphumela, ungasebenzisa umuthi ekulweni nemikhaza. Okuvame kakhulu i-benzyl benzoate emulsion. Faka isicelo emzimbeni, ugeze ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-1-3. Ithuluzi liqeda ukulunywa, ukucasuka. Lapho kukhona okomzimba obunzima, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezingama-antihistamines.

Phawula i-benzyl benzoate emulsion

Ukususa imikhaza ye-gamasid kusuka kwikhovu yenkukhu, kufanele:

• hlanza igumbi
• phatha izinambuzane kanye ne-acaricide
• ngemuva kwamahora 2, vula umoya, faka udoti omusha,
• ngokufanayo, izinkukhu ziphathwa emoyeni omusha ngezindlela ezikhethekile - ziyageza noma zifafaze,
• kusuka emithini esetshenziselwa ukucubungula izinkukhu umlotha.

Esikhathini esizayo, gcina inhlanzeko kwibhodi yenkukhu, qapha isimo senkukhu.

Ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwegundane, imikhaza yegundane, kuyadingeka:

• ukwenza i-deratization ngenani elikhulu lamagundane,
• vala imifantu ezindongeni, vikela izilwane ukungena ngaphakathi,
• beka isiheho sobuthi.

Ngokulunywa ngamakhaza, amalungiselelo wezinambuzane kanye ne-acaricidal anomphumela wokuxhumana-amathumbu asetshenziswa. Amakhambi asebenzayo - Fufanon, Tetrix, Tsifoks, Cucaracha, Wokuzenzela, Thola. Isicelo sidinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile kwimiyalo. Ungathenga esitolo esikhethekile, uku-oda online.

Enye yezinto ezihlukile zokusatshalaliswa kwezinkambi ze-gamasid ngamakati, izinja. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ngezikhathi ezithile izilwane ezifuywayo, uziphathe ngamalungiselelo akhethekile wokuhlanza izinhlayiya zegazi, futhi ugeze nombhede.

Yini ubungozi bokuthi umkhaza wegundane?

Kubukeka sengathi izinsongo azikho nhlobo, imikhaza ihlala kumagundane, kungani kufanele ihlasele abantu? Eqinisweni, ngokunethezeka okukhulu banamathela esikhunjeni somuntu futhi bayingozi empilweni yakhe. Ukulunywa imikhaza kubangela izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ukusabela kwendawo kuhlale kukhathazwa isikhumba i-dermatitis. Ngemuva kokuthi umuntu elunywe imikhaza yegundane, izimpawu zimi ngokulandelayo:

• isikhumba siphenduka saba bomvu,
• kuqhamuke kuqhamuke
• ukulunywa kakhulu, okukhuphuka ngokuqala,
• ukonakala jikelele kwenhlala-kahle,
• ichashaza livela endaweni yokuluma, ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa liguqulwa libe yi-nodule, futhi kwesinye isikhathi (ngemuva kosuku) libe yipulule.

Izifo ezithwalwa yimikhaza:

• umkhuhlane
• umkhuhlane wemikhumbi, igama lesayensi le-typhus,
• ingxibongo
• I-Tsutsugamushi fever

Ngama-rickettsioses, ukuqaqa kuyinto ethile, kanye nomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa, ukudakwa okujwayelekile komzimba kuyabonakala. Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi nangendlela efanele kunikeza imiphumela emihle, kepha kwezinye izimo, umkhuhlane uphenduka isifo esingelapheki, i-tsugugamushi kwesinye isikhathi iholela ekufeni uma kungaqalwa ukwelashwa okufanele kwe-antibacterial.

Rat tick ukuluma isithombe

Izimbuzane zamagundane efulethini zivame ukuvela ezitezi ezingezansi, izinduku zihlala ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba futhi akunzima ukuba zingene ezindlini ngokuvula okuhlukahlukene. Labo abaluma izinambuzane yilabo abangasuki efulethini isikhathi eside. Ukutholakala kokulunywa kungatholwa ngaphansi kwebhande lamabhulukwe, ngaphansi kwemichilo, izinsimbi, kulezo zindawo lapho indwangu ithinta umzimba ikakhulu. Isidumbu sithinteka amathe wesidambaduli ngemuva kokungena egazini. Ukuqhuma kwenzeka cishe yonke indawo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nekhanda nekhanda. Izimpawu ziyanyamalala ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nane, isilonda esikhunjeni sihlala izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili. Kubantu abahlushwa imikhaza yegundane emsebenzini, inkambo enkulu yezimpawu zabo bonke abantu abasebenzayo inesimo, ngaphandle kokukhetha. Ngempelasonto, i-dermatitis iya buthaka, futhi ngesikhathi samaholidi sidlula sisonke. Isixazululo se-potassium permanganate, ama-antihistamines, ama-dyes e-aniline asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-dermatitis, kepha uma i-parasite ingabhujiswa, umphumela wokwelashwa ungu-zero. Usongo lukhona futhi uma imikhaza yegundane ivele efulethini lakho, ukuqeda izinambuzane kuba yinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu.

Izinhlobo zemikhaza.

Ungayiphatha kanjani ukulunywa

Ukulunywa yi-Gamasidick kubangela isifo somoya esifana nomkhaza. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokulunywa umkhaza wegundane, iphoyinti elibomvu lihlala esikhunjeni somuntu. Ngemuva kwamahora ayi-14, ichashazi liphenduka libe ibala elipinki, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamahora angama-36 likapule obomvu. Umaki wokuluma uthatha izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili. Ukuqhuma ngemuva kokulimala okuningi kuhambisana nokulunywa kanzima.

I-dermatitis ethwalwa ngumkhinki kwesinye isikhathi ididaniswa namabala, ngakho-ke kumele uqale uxilongeke ngokunembile, ngoba ngokuvamile akusizi ngalutho ukusebenzisa amabavu wesikhumba esenziwa umkhaza.

Ukuba khona kwe-dermatitis ethwelwe imikhaza kungahlulelwa ngeqiniso lokuthi isikhumba asinawo amabala. Ngoba Ukwelapha okusheshayo kubalulekile okokuqala ukuqeda imikhaza nalezo zilwane ezihlakulela kuzo.

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba uphawu. Kunconywa ukuthi uthathe ishawa eshisayo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa ukuze ukhiphe imikhaza emzimbeni. Isikhumba siphathwa ngamafutha ahlukahlukene we-antiparasite, ngokwesibonelo amafutha e-sulfuric. I-Prednisone isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukulunywa. Amakhambi e-Folk anjenge-decoction ye-chamomile noma intambo futhi angasiza ekunciphiseni ukulunywa. Kwesinye isikhathi, kunikezwa imithi yomlomo, ngokwesibonelo, ama-antihistamines.

Ikhathoni elikhulu le-coniferous - inkathazo yamahlathi adla izinkuni namagxolo amaConifers. Uzothola incazelo eningilizayo yesinambuzane lapha.

Izinambuzane zikaphayini zidla izinaliti zikaphayini, okungaholela ekubhujisweni kwamahlathi. Ungabhekana kanjani nalesi sinambuzane, funda i-athikili ku-https: //stopvreditel.ru/rastenij/lesov/pyadenica-sosnovaya.html.

Inqubo Yokusebenza Kwamagumbi

Uma kutholakala isibalo esikhulu semikhaza ye-gamasid egumbini noma amacala egundane noma wegundane elithwalwa ngegundane kubantu aqaphelekile, okokuqala kudingekile ukuvala yonke imifantu egumbini. Izintambo zivala imifantu ngaphansi kwama-windowsill, ukweqa ngamabhodi, ekuhlanganeni kwamapaneli, kwizipayipi zamapayipi.

Uma ukutheleleka kwethikhi kwenzeka kusuka kumagundane, ukwenziwa kwedeacar kuqala kwenziwa, bese kuthathwa izakhiwo, okuwukuthi, ukubhujiswa kwamagundane. I-Dezacarization (ukuqothulwa kwemikhaza) kwenziwa ngosizo lwama-acaricides - amalungiselelo ahlose ukubhujiswa kwemikhaza. Ama-acaricides asebenza kakhulu emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-20 degrees.

Izakhiwo zasemakhaya zingalashwa ngamalungiselelo wezinambuzane eziwuketshezi avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngokumelene nemikhaza.Le mishanguzo iphatha izindawo lapho izinduku nemikhaza zivame ukungena khona (amakhishi, izindlu zangasese). Uma kunezilwane ezifuywayo endlini, kuyadingeka ukucubungula izindawo zabo zokulala nezindawo zabo zokulala. Abanikazi kufanele bachitha imikhaza kumakati abo noma ezinjeni nge-zoo shampoos noma ama-insecticides.

Uma izakhiwo ezifuywayo zingenwe yizinkukhu zezinkukhu, ezivame ukwenzeka esitezi sokuqala nesokugcina, kuyadingeka ukuqeda izidleke zama-swallows, amajuba, ondlunkulu, lapho imikhaza ihlala khona ngamanani amakhulu. Ezindlini ezisetshenziselwa ukufafaza kabili nge-acaricides.

Amakhambi asekhaya wemikhaza ye-gamasid awasebenzi kakhulu.

Kepha uma ufuna ukuvikela inja yakho imikhaza, zama ukuyiphatha ngamafutha abalulekile, anjenge-clove, lavender noma uwoyela wetiyi, ngaphambi kokuhamba. Amafutha ancibilikiswa emanzini (amaconsi ayishumi nge-50 ml) bese inja ifafazwa kwibhodlela lokufafazwa.

Umkhaza wegundane (Dermanyssus sanguineus)

Lawa imikhaza emincane ye-gamasid kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-3,5 mm, izimuncagazi ezinesimo somzimba esiseji noma somzimba, ezinezihlangu eziningana ezinhlangothini zesisu nasesiswini somzimba. Faka umbala kusuka ku-grey light to brown, ngokuya ngezimo zemvelo kanye nenani legazi eliphuzile. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-parasite amandla ayo okuphila izinyanga ezingaba yisithupha ngaphandle kwegazi.

I-Habitat - izakhiwo zokuhlala nezindawo okungezona zokuhlala, i-vivariums, lapho kukhona khona amagundane. Imikhaza ihlasela amagundane kuphela ngoba ithatha ingxenye yegazi, sonke isikhathi esisesidlekeni samagundane.

Umkhonto wegundane yisidambisi esisela igazi esihlasela ikakhulu amagundane asendlini, kodwa futhi sihlasele nabantu. Ngesikhathi sokuluma, kungenzeka ukudlulisela i-pathogen yelinye lama-rickettsioses, elibizwa ngokuthi i-rat tick-borne dermatitis.

Izibungu zeVarroa (Varroa Oudemans)

I-tick ye-varroa ikhulu ngandlela thile kunabalingani bayo. Isidumbu sowesifazane sizi-1,8 mm ububanzi ne-1.1 mm ubude. Izimuncagazi zihlukaniswa ngombala onsundu okhanyayo, umzimba othambile. Abesilisa bamhlophe ngokumhlophe futhi bancane kunabesifazane. Omunye umehluko wobulili obujabulisayo ukuthi abantu besifazane baphila iminyaka eminingi, abesilisa kuphela ezinsukwini eziyi-15-20.

Imikhaza yalolu hlobo ihlala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica enkulu. Umnikazi wazo oyinhloko futhi ukuphela kwezinyosi, kufaka phakathi izibungu nezinsimbi zezinambuzane. Ukuhlukumeza ebusweni bomzimba wezinyosi naku-combs, imikhaza inca uketshezi lwegciwane lomzimba wezinambuzane, okuholela ekuncipheni kokukhiqizwa kwezinyosi nokufa kwezinyosi. Izibungu zezinyosi azihlaseli abantu.

Snake Mite (Ophionyssus natricis)

Lezi izinhlayiya ezincane ezisuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-3.5 mm ubude, ngesimo somzimba esisetshenziselwa okweqanda noma ngaphandle, ngokufana kakhulu nenkukhu, igundane nezinhlobo zamagundane.

Izindawo zokuhlala kwama-mite ziyizindawo zokugcina izilwane ezindlini nasezindlini zabantu. Endle, izimuncagazi empeleni azihlanganisi izinyoka. Lezi izinambuzane eziphuza igazi ezidla igazi, ikakhulukazi izinyoka, kepha ukuhlaselwa kwabantu kungenzeka. Njengomkhaza wezinyoni, amathe walezi zinambuzane anobuthi kakhulu futhi aholela ku-dermatitis.

Ukukhishwa inyoka ye-gamma kuyisici esiphazamisayo esinamandla sokuphindisela, kwezinye izikhathi, ukulunywa kakhulu kungaholela ekukhathalekeni nasekufeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-parasite iyisithwali se-pathogen ye-septicemia yezinyoka.

Izigaba zokuthuthuka

Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhanda le-hamase kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana:

1. Iqanda elinomumo oyindilinga noma o-oval.
2. I -vava enezimbambo ezi-3 zamalunga Akudingi ukudla.
3. I-Protonymph. Usevele unamabili amabele ama-4. Kusukela kulesi sigaba, umkhaza udinga ukondliwa.
4. I-Dutoronph. Isifutho esinzima sivela ngemithunzi ephuzi noma nsundu.
5. Abantu abadala

Umjikelezo ogcwele udlula ngokushesha okukhulu: kuthatha izinsuku eziyishumi. Impilo yomuntu okhulile we-gamasid umkhaza ihlala izinyanga ezi-6-9.