Isizinda: Ama-Eukaryotes

Umbuso: Izilwane

Uhlobo: I-Arthropods

Ibanga: Izinambuzane

Isigcawu: Onamaphiko

Umndeni: Lamellar

Ubulili: Ama-Ryctes

Buka: isiphazamiso—obhejane

Sihlala kuphi lesinambuzane?

Ngokuqondene nohla lwebhungane lobhejane, lubanzi kakhulu. Lezi zinambuzane azihlali kuphela kuyi-tundra.

Izinambuzane zingatholakala ezifundeni ezilandelayo:

• ENortheast Turkey,
• ENyakatho Afrika
• E-Europe,
• ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia,
• ECaucasus
• E-Ciscaucasia,
• ENyakatho naseMpumalanga Iran.

Izinhlobo eziyishumi zazo zonke zithathwa njengezivame kakhulu. Emazweni e-CIS, ungathola izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlalwa kusuka kwa-taiga kuya ogwadule. Endle, amabhungane obhejane ahlala emahlathini aqatha nasezintabeni zaseYurophu. Imvamisa, bahlala ezindaweni ezifufula amanzi kanye nezigodi. Uhlobo lubuye luphawulwe eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSiberia. ENingizimu Asia, ungathola obhejane besundu elikhulukazi elimaza isihlahla sikakhukhunathi.

Incazelo

Umzimba nezingalo zikamabhejane obhejane kuqukethe izingxenye - izingxenye. Umzimba uqobo uhlukaniswe iminyango emithathu: ikhanda, isifuba, isisu. Kulokhu, isifuba sinezingxenye ezi-3, kanye nesisu - kwezingu-8.

Umzimba webhungane lobhejane unesimo oblong, convex futhi ububanzi. Owesilisa unomzimba ofanayo, owesimame unwebekile emuva omncane.

I-pronotum yeduna likhulu kunaleya lowesifazane. I-pronotum inembambo eguqukayo enamashubhu ama-3, ama-2 (kamuva) abanzi futhi anqamulelayo. Ubhubhu ophakathi nendawo unxantathu ngesimo. I-pronotum ine-notch engunxantathu ngaphambili, ehlukaniswe umngcele obushelelezi. I-Pronotum yowesifazane yincane kunesisekelo se-elytra, futhi incane kuneyeduna.

Ikhanda lesi bug elihlobene nomzimba lincane. I-clypeus inxantathu ngesimo, owesilisa umbozwe amachashazi amancane, okuthi, ngokungafani nezinsikazi, angahlanganisi kuwo, futhi emaphethelweni angaphambili aphela ngohlangothi oluncane, oluncane oluphakanyisiwe. I-Antenna etholakala ekhanda, igobekile yakhonkolozwa ukuze kwakhiwe imbobo yepuleti.

Amabhuzu amathathu okuhamba kwemilenze atholakala esifubeni, ngakho-ke imilenze ngayinye ehambelana nengxenye eyodwa yesifuba. Imilenze ibunjwe ngezigaba ezi-5, imilenze yangaphambili inezinqe futhi iyamba, bese kuthi ezinye ziphele ngamaphampu futhi ziyadingeka ukunyakaza. Izimbambo ngokwazo zinjengokungathi zigwedwe kabanzi.

Kwabesilisa, ukuphuma kwenhliziyo - uphondo - kuhlala iningi lekhanda. Ukusuka esisekelweni kuya phezulu, uphondo luyacamba kancane, lube nesiphambano sesiphambano kanye nomphetho womfaniswano, oqondiswe emuva nasesitezi.

Izinsikazi nazo zinezimpondo, kepha azivezwa kangako, indlela yokugoba iyafana naleyo yowesilisa, lapho kuqhamukiswa umlomo. Kwabesilisa abathuthuka okujwayelekile, uphondo lufinyelela kubude obukhulu; kubantu abangakathuthukiswa, ubude bophondo budlula kancane ubude bophondo lowesifazane. Okushiwo uphondo namanje akwaziwa. Ibhungane alisebenzisi uma lihlasela noma lizivikela.

Umbala nosayizi

Ubhungane lobhejane besilisa, ngokwesilinganiso, bufika ku-25-43 mm ubude, kuthi owesimame 26-31 mm. Umbala wangemuva waleli bhungane uyahlukahluka kusuka kokumnyama onsundu kuya kobomvu ngokubomvu. Isisu namaphethelo alula kakhulu, anemibala ephuzi ngokwebala, embozwe izinwele ezimpunga ezimpunga. Isembozo se-chitinous sama-mabhungane akhazimula.

Ubukhulu bomzimba, umbala nobude bophondo lwebhungane kuhluke kakhulu futhi kuncike ezimweni zemvelo. Ngakho-ke abantu abakhulu kakhulu banombala omnyama ngokulinganayo nophondo olunamandla kakhudlwana ne-wideototum. Ngakho-ke abesilisa abancane bafana kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabesifazane.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi

Njengoba ibhungane lobhejane lingokwesigaba sezinambuzane, isakhiwo sangaphakathi saso sifana nesakhiwo sabanye abamele balesi sigaba.

Cishe zonke izitho zohlelo lokugaya zigcwele amabhungane, okungaba ubufakazi bokuthi amabhungane awondli nhlobo, kepha athola amandla okuphila kusuka ezintweni eziqoqiwe zangaphambili.

Amabhubu aphefumula umoya-mpilo womkhathi, ongena ohlelweni lwezinto ezibunjiwe esifubeni nasesiswini sesinambuzane. Ngemuva kwalokho, kusuka ezinzipuni, umoya-mpilo ungena kumashubhu wokuphefumula - i-trachea, emboza zonke izitho, nomoya-mpilo ugeleze ngqo kubo.

Uhlelo lokujikeleza aluvaliwe futhi luncishiswe kakhulu. Inhliziyo inesimo se-tube, esihlukaniswe ngamakamelo anama-valve openings. Imisipha enamathiselwe kuyo isuka emakamelweni iye ezinhlangothini, ezinqamula futhi zinciphise i-hemolymph ku-aorta. Ukusuka kwi-aorta, i-hemolymph igeleza phakathi kwezikhala phakathi kwezitho bese igcwalisa. Ngemuva kwalokho i-hemolymph iphinda iqoqwe enhliziyweni ngamakamelo. IHemolymph ayin umbala.

Imisebenzi yezitho ezibucayi ku-mabhungane yenziwa ngemithambo ye-malpighian kanye nomzimba wamafutha. Imikhumbi yaseMalpighian mncane, ivalwe ngamehlo emnyama ekugcineni kwethumbu. Basuka emgodini we-alimentary phakathi kwamathumbu aphakathi naphakathi.

Emzimbeni onamafutha, kufakwa ama-oyric acid ama-nodule we-acid. Umzimba onamafutha "izinso zokuqongelela" bhungane, ngoba uric acid ayikhishwa kuwo.

Uhlelo lwezinzwa lusiza ukuphatha izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomzimba wonke. Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi iqukethe ubuchopho, iketango lezinzwa lesisu elihamba eceleni kwesisu somzimba, kanye ne-periopharyngeal ganglion. Ingqondo inezingxenye ezintathu. I-Peripharyngeal ganglion ithuthukiswe kahle. Cishe yonke le minyango isabalalisa ama-neurosecrets, abhekelele ukukhula nokukhula kwesinambuzane.

Izinhlobo

Ungacabangi ukuthi lesi yisidalwa esihle, futhi, esivamile, esingenangozi, esivame ukuhlangana naso emvelweni, futhi abanye abathandi basigcina kulokho okubekelwa sona, kungukuphela kwaso. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwe-Oryctes kuphela luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-40. Izinhlobo zamabhungane obhejane ziyamangaza.

Kwezinhlobo ezihlukile, ezithakazelisa kakhulu yilezi:

• I-Herculean mabhungane (ama-Dynastes herkules)

• ibhungane le-unicorn (i-Dynastes tityus)

• Ubhungane obhejane baseJapan (i-Trypoxylus dichotomus)

• i-asian noma amabhejane asundu (i-Oryctes rhinoceros)

• Ubhungane ovamile obhejane wase-Australia (i-Xylotrupes ulysses)

• I-Neotropical rhinoceros bhungane noma ibhungane lendlovu (Megasoma elephas).

Sekukonke, zingaphezu kuka-1,500 izinhlobo zalesi sinambuzane esichaziwe, futhi sethemba ukuthi loluhla luzovuselelwa esikhathini esizayo.

Imikhuba yendlela yokuphila

Uhla lwemvelo lwezinhlobo lumboza indawo yamahlathi aqothulayo nehlathi lama-steppe, lapho kuhlala khona kungamahlathi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kanye nokutshala okwenziwe ngokufakelwa. Amabhungane ahlala e-oak, u-willow nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Intuthuko yenzeka ezimpandeni nasezinkalweni zezihlahla ezindala ezifile, okuvame ukuba ngamatshe neziqu ezingcolile.

Isikhathi sokundiza kwebhungane lobhejane sisukela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu. Bavela engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi noma ngo-Ephreli futhi banyamalala ehlobo, ngoJulayi-Agasti. Amabhungane weRhinoceros ngokuvamile ashiya izindawo zawo zokuhlala ezingaphansi komhlaba ebumnyameni kuphela. Ngokuvela ngengozi phakathi nosuku, ibhungane, njengobhejane bangempela, likhipha ungqimba lwezinkuni luhlale luphondo futhi lungene ekujuleni kokupholile okumnyama. Ngokuqondene nezitha namagciwane ebhungane lobhejane, lapho-ke emabhunganeni amadala ngamanani amakhulu kukhona imikhaza ye-gamasid. Ku-izibungu, isibungu esikhulu se-scoli siyahluma.

Indiza

Ngokwemithetho ye-physics, ibhungane lobhejane alikwazi ukundiza - umzimba walo awukwazi ukuphakamisa amaphiko alo akhanyayo emoyeni. Kepha, naphezu kwemithetho yenyama - ibhungane lobhejane lindiza kahle. Kwenziwe izivivinyo ezikhethekile lapho amabhungane "amakiwe" amboze ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-50 ngaphandle kokufika (yandiza i-English Channel). Akukenzeki ukuthi kuchaze isimo sokundiza kwebhungane. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bathola ukuthi i-elytra yebhungane ngaphansi kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet inezici ze-semiconductor, ngaphezu kwalokho, izinwele ezincane ezitholakala engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba wamabhungane zingakwazi ukuqongelela imali ekhokhwayo nge-electrostatic, ngesisekelo se-capacitor.

Ososayensi abalunakanga uphondo lwebhungane. Kwavela ukuthi uphondo lufana kakhulu ne-microcircuit - izingxenye zalo ezihlukile ngesikhathi sokulinganisa zibonisa amanani ahlukene wokuphikisa, okubonisa izakhiwo zama-semiconductors. Usosayensi waseJalimane uRichard Kuhn wabiza lo mabhungane obhejane ngokuthi oyisibonelo sokucwaswa kwemvelo. Mhlawumbe ngokuzayo kuzokwenzeka ukuthi ungagcini ngokuchaza indiza yebhungane, kodwa futhi usebenzise le ndlela yokundiza yabantu.

Umsoco

Kuncane okwaziwayo ngokudla kwamabhungane obhejane, futhi imininingwane etholakala yehlukile komunye nomunye. Ngakho-ke, eminye imithombo ithi la mabhungane awondli nhlobo (zizgia), kuyilapho eminye imithombo ithi ingakudla ukudla okune-alcohol noma i-plant sap.

Ukusekela iqiniso lokuthi amabhungane angadla isithako sezitshalo, ukwakheka kwempahla yomlomo uthi - ukuthuthukiswa okungekuhle kokufutheka, ukungabikho kwamazinyo e-chitin ukugaya ukudla okulukhuni. Ngaso leso sikhathi, umhlathi ongaphansi umbozwe ngezinwele ezinde, ezinde ezakha amabhulashi, okuthi, mhlawumbe, aqoqe ubisi lwesitshalo.

Ngasikhathi sinye, cishe zonke izitho zohlelo lokugaya zigcwele amabhungane, okungaba ubufakazi bokuthi amabhungane awondli nhlobo, kepha athola amandla okwenza umsebenzi obalulekile ezintweni eziqoqiwe ekuqaleni.

Umjikelezo wempilo

Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda amhlophe qwa ngombala obunjiwe, iziqu zemithi ezibolile, eziholweni zezihlahla, kanye nomquba obolile, umquba wezingadi, izinqwaba zokugawulwa kwezinkuni, amagxolo nodwebu, noma ezinye izindawo ezicebile ngemfucumfucu yesitshalo ebolayo. Kulezi zigatshana, intuthuko iyaqhubeka. Ezindaweni zemvelo, ukukhula kwezibhungane zobhejane kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezimpandeni nasezihlangwini zezihlahla ezindala ezifile, esikhathini esiningi emithini neziqu ezisele. Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, lezi zihlahla yilezi: i-birch, i-oki, umoyilo, umapula, i-beech, i-walnut, i-apricot, iplamu, i-cherry, i-pearl nezinye izingodo eziqinile. Eningizimu Yurophu naseNyakatho ne-Afrika, intuthuko iphawulwa futhi ngokhuni lwe-medlar, peach, quince, kamalibhele omnyama nomhlophe, i-Persimmon, izihlahla ezivela emndenini we-ebony, iminqumo, nesundu lesundu. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamawolintshi nezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezithelo ezakhiwe nge-coniferous neze ezakhiwayo.

ULerva

Ukudonswa kwezibila okuvame ukwenzeka ehlobo. Ama-larvae anokubukeka okufana ne-lamellar-like kwabamele abomndeni futhi afinyelela ubude obungu-80-110 mm ekupheleni kokukhula kwawo. I-larva enomzimba owugqinsi obunjwe ka-C obomvana, ophuzi-omhlophe, ombozwe izinwele ezingenasici namaqoqo we-styloid setae ku-tergite yesine nelesishiyagalolunye bese uphonsa i-tergite yeshumi. Ikhanda limdaka obomvu onsundu, linemibimbi eqinile. Umqhele we-larva umbozwe izinwele eziningi. Imihlathi engenhla inkulu kakhulu, inxantathu ngesimo, inama apile amafushane namazinyo ama-2.

Izimpondo zide, ingxenye yazo yesibili yinde kakhulu, eyokuqala imfushane kuneyesibili, kodwa yinde kakhulu kuneyesithathu. Izindawo zokuphefumula zikhulu. Okukhulu kunabo bonke kungokwokuqala, okuseleyo akuhlukile komunye nomunye ngosayizi. Ingxenye ye-anal ihlukaniswe i-groove yangaphakathi, eguqukayo yaba izingxenye ezi-2. Ingaphezulu layo liyindilinga ngokulinganayo. I-anus inesimo sokushwabana okuguqukayo. Kukhona isibaya esingemuva kwe-anal tergite. I-anal tergite imbozwe ngezinwele eziningi ezincane, phakathi kwezinwele ezingandile, ezinde ezihlakazekile, kuthi engxenyeni engemuva kunemisongo emincane enjenge-spike. Imilenze yinde impela, ine-coxae ende, ekhule kahle. Amacala amafushane, acishe aqonde.

Izibungu kukhona ama-xylophages nama-saprophages - adla ukhuni olubolayo nezinto eziwohlokayo zemvelaphi yesitshalo. Emathuneni esigaxa kukhona umphakathi wamagciwane abandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwe-cellulose. Ubuningi babo bugxile ekunwetshweni kwesithumbu sasemuva. Ukwenziwa kwe-methane kwatholakala ekunwetshweni kwesisu ngemuva, futhi nangezinga elifanayo nasezimalini zokhuni.

Kwesinye isikhathi izibungu zingancipha izimpande zezitshalo eziphilayo ezinamahlahla ezikhula ezindaweni zokuza amabhungane. Ngakho-ke, zingaba izinambuzane ngengozi zezitshalo ezitshaliwe. Isibonelo, endaweni yaseKrasnodar Territory yaseRussia naseMoldova, izibungu zobhejane zibhekwa njengezinambuzane ezingenazimpande zezimpande zomvini, ama-roses kanye nolamula.

Isizukulwane sesikhathi eside. Isigaba se-larva, ngokuya ngezimo zezulu kanye nobude bendawo, sithatha iminyaka emi-2 kuya kwengama-4. Ubusika benzeka kuphela esigabeni se-larval. Njengoba sesifinyelele ebangeni lesithathu, emva kobusika bokugcina, entwasahlobo isibungu sesibungu.

Idoli

Isikhunta senzeka entwasahlobo ku-substrate lapho izibungu zidle khona. I-dolly enhlobo oluvulekile, olukhululekile, imvamisa ilele emhlane wayo futhi itholakala kukhukhunjana wamanga - okuthiwa. “Imbeleko” eyakhiwa yi-larva evela ezinhlayiya zomhlaba, umgodi wayo nothuli lokhuni. Ngokwesimo, kubukeka njengebhungane elidala elinamaphiko amafushane. Ikhanda ligobile ngaphansi kwesifuba. Phezulu engxenyeni yokugcina yesisu kukhona okuncane, okungunxantathu. Ukusuka kokuqala kuye kwesithupha, ama-terral tergites anama-fold folds amabili ahlukahlukene.

Ekuqaleni, i-pupa iphuzi ngombala, futhi ekugcineni ithole umbala obomvu onsundu. Isigaba sezingane sithatha cishe inyanga eyodwa. Ngemuva kokuphuma kuma-chrysalis, amabhungane ahlala esibelethweni isikhathi esithile.

I-Rhinoceros mabhungane nobuhlobo bayo nabantu

Ngeshwa, kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngempilo yalezi bugs. I-Paradox: lezi zinambuzane zivame kakhulu, kepha kufundwe okuncane. Ziningi izindaba, imibhalo kanye namafilimu ezemfundo adutshulwe ngabo, kubhalwe inani elikhulu lezindatshana kanye nama-monographs. Kepha akukho nqubekela phambili enkulu ocwaningweni lwalezinambuzane ezimangalisayo. URhini waba ngisho namaqhawe amafilimu athile, ngesinye isikhathi aqala izindima.

Njengoba ubona, obhejane bathakazelisa kakhulu. Ukufundwa kwale mibiko kuzosiza ukucacisa impilo nempilo yalawa mabhungane, kube nomthelela ekuvikelweni kwawo okusebenzayo. Amanye amasiko athambekele ekwaziseni lezi zinambuzane. Inganekwane ibanikeza halo yemfihlakalo, amandla namandla. Iminyaka, amakhulu namakhulu eminyaka adlula, futhi izimbungulu, njengoba zihola indlela yazo engaqondakali yobusuku, ziyaqhubeka nokuzilandela.

Ntambama, obhejane baphila impilo yokuhlala phansi. Kunabathandi bawo obhejane abalungele ukuwagcina ekhaya. Esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo zitholakala ngokungajwayelekile futhi amanani azo angabonakala abaluleke kakhulu. Kuya nge-subspecies yebhungane, ubukhulu bayo nobulili. Njengomthetho, abesilisa bayathenga. Ukubukeka kwabo kuyamangaza ngokwengeziwe, yize emincane ngosayizi uma kuqhathaniswa nowesifazane. Ngisho nentengo ephezulu ayisona isithiyo sobunzima ekutholeni obhejane kubanikazi bawo. Abantu abaningi bafuna ukuthinta umhlaba wezimfihlakalo nezimfihlo.

Indima yaleli bhungane kwezobuciko nasebucikweni liyaphawuleka. Kungabonakala embozweni senani elikhulu lezincwadi zesayensi kanye nomagazini. Obhejane abavela emhlabeni wezinambuzane ezikhathini zanamuhla bayisibonakaliso sesayensi, ubunjalo baso obuyisisekelo kanye nokuqina, uphawu lokutholwe yisayensi kanye nokufinyelelekile. Imvamisa ungathola izibalo, imidwebo yaleli bhungane, eyenziwe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene kanye namasu ahlukahlukene, izinkomba. Zingaxhumana nezikhathi ezihlukene zomlando - kusukela ezikhathini zakudala kuze kube manje. Itholakala kumakhadi eposi, emaphosta ngisho nasezigxotsheni zokuposa.

Zuza futhi ulimaze

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amabhungane obhejane athanda ukuhlala emgodini. Lesi sinambuzane singumanyolo wemvelo womhlabathi. Futhi kulapho ungathola khona izibungu ezidla izimpande zezithombo ezincane.

Amacala aziwayolapho izibungu ezinjalo zidla uhlelo lwezimpande:

Ukuphila kwebhungane lobhejane akuqondakali kahle.Kunemibhalo eminingi, ama-monographs kanye nezindatshana ezikhuluma ngabo. Kodwa-ke, isayensi iye yathuthuka kancane maqondana nokufundwa kwale nhlobo.

Abanye abantu bagcina amabhungane obhejane ekhaya njengesilwane esiyingqayizivele. Kwesinye isikhathi laba abamele iziloba zingathengwa ezitolo zezilwane. Imvamisa, abesilisa bayathenga, ngoba banokubukeka okukhangayo uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane. Noma kunjalo, ukuthenga isilwane esinjalo, kufanele unake iqiniso lokuthi izimo zokuboshwa kwakhe ekhaya kufanele zisondele ngangokunokwenzeka ngokwemvelo. Kuyadingeka futhi ukwazi ukuthi abesilisa baphila izinyanga ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke abalifaneli iqhaza lesilwane esifuyulwayo isikhathi salo sokuphila.

Ngeshwa, inani lamabhungane obhejane, ngezizathu ezingaziwa, laqala ukwehla kakhulu. Imininingwane enembile ngaleli qiniso ayikashicilelwa. Kepha okunye ukuqagela kubonisa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Izithombe nencazelo yebhungane lobhejane

Ubhungane ojwayelekile obhejane, noma obhejane obukhulu, bunobukhulu obukhulu. Ekugcineni, abesilisa bafika kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-47 mm, izinsikazi zivame ukufushane ngamamilimitha ambalwa. Umbala wesinambuzane uyehluka kusuka kubomvu-nsundu kuya kofishi obomvu onsundu. Indawo engaphansi yomzimba namathanga inomthunzi olula onephimbo eliphuzi.

Umzimba ulinganiswe ngokulingana, uqinile futhi ubanzi, uyafana emadodeni, ngowesifazane - ohlangothini lwasemuva unwebeka kancane. Ikhanda lincane, ingxenye yokuqala ye-thoracic (protorax) ne-elytra ine-sheen ebekiwe. Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda (i-clypeus) inxantathu enezinhlangothi ezicishe ziqonde, icekeceke ngaphambili. Emadodeni, imbozwe amachashazi single. Kumabhungane obhejane besifazane, ahlangana endaweni eyodwa, futhi ku-clypeus kunemibimbi engaqinile.

Izilokazana ezigoqeke njengamawele abalandeli zinezigaba eziyi-10, eyokuqala yazo inkulu kakhulu. Ubukhulu bekhaka bube buncane, buhlukaniswe kathathu. Imihlathi engenhla ibanzi, ngaphezulu kwangaphandle ayinamazinyo.

Amabhungane weRhinoceros anesici esiwahlukanisa nezinye izinambuzane - uphondo oluthatha ingxenye ebalulekile yekhanda, ebanzi esisekelweni bese luza empini. Inesigaba sesiphambano. Abesilisa banophondo olukhulu kakhulu kunolwabesifazane. Ngenxa ye-clypeus ethuthukisiwe ekugcineni, idluliselwa emuva futhi iqondiswe emuva nangemuva, ifane ne-tubercle kunokuba uphondo oluphelele.

U-Elytra wakhuphuka, waba yisigaxa esidala, enamashubhu athuthukile wejoyinti. Ngemuva kwesisu kugcwele ngemibimbi ngaphesheya. Kwabesifazane, kumbozwe izinwele ezibomvu eziqinile. Esifubeni, bonke abantu banamachashazi amancane nezinwele ezinde ezinzima.

Imilenze iqine, ngokulingana yinde. Imilenze yangaphambi kokumba. Ama-tibiae abo abanzi, ngaphandle kunamazinyo amathathu abanzi ahlanganayo abelana ngemihingi eyindilinga, maphakathi lawo aseduze kwe-apical. Onqenqemeni olungaphezulu, malungana nomngcele ongasemuva wezinyo eliphakathi, kukhona okuqondile. Hind femora ende ngokuqina kancane.

I-tibia ephakathi neyemuva iyakhula ibe phezulu. Phezulu zinamazinyo amade. Izingxenye zokuqala eziphambili zemilenze yezingemva zimbozwe kakhulu ngamachashazi amakhulu nezinwele. Izindebe zinde, ziqinile, zigobekile ngokulingana.

Rhino

Ukuze ukwazi ukubona izinto ezizungezile unesibopho sokubandakanya amehlo amaningi alula, amehlo atholakale ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Lama-arthropods angabonakali ku-polymorphic. Ngaphezu kwebhungane elijwayelekile lobhejane, amabhungane ama-Hercules, i-Wilderhorn kanye neBhungane bhungane kutholakala emvelweni. Kungokwencazelo kuphela lapho kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi ubukeka obunjani bokubhejane. Isebenza kanjani, ungabuka imininingwane eminingi esithombeni.

Indawo: ungasitholaphi isinambuzane?

Izindawo zemvelo zalesi sinambuzane zingamahlathi abanzi. Ngenxa yabantu, obhejane-imbobo ingatholakala ezindaweni zokufakelwa kwendawo ye-steppe. Ihlala nasezindaweni ezingenamizi nasezindaweni eziwugwadule. Njengoba esephenduke i-enanthropus ongayikhetha, uhlala endaweni eseceleni komuntu: ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ngomquba nangomquba wezomquba, amadiphozithi emfucuza yezinkuni.

Umngcele osenyakatho webanga lale bhungane usuka eLwandle lweBaltic uye eSt. .

Kuyivelakancane engxenyeni esempumalanga. Eningizimu-mpumalanga, indawo yokusabalalisa ifinyelela engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina naseNdiya. Ezindaweni ezisehlathini ne-steppe ne-steppe, iCrimea neCiscaucasia, lesi sinambuzane sisabalele, cishe asenzeki enyakatho yendawo yaseYurophu naseSiberia.

Indlela yokuphila yamabhungane i-Rhinoceros: izalela kanjani, idlani, ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izinambuzane zizalanisa ngenkathi efudumele. Amaqanda abekwa ezindaweni lapho ukubola kwenzeka khona ngenkuthalo: iziqu ezibolile, iziqu zemithi efile nezibongo, umquba obolile nezinqwaba zomquba, njll. Endaweni yasendle, izibungu zobhejane zikhula ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yezimpande noma izigaxa zezihlahla ezindala. Izinsikazi azilokothi zenze izihlahla zamawolintshi nezitshalo ezingama-coniferous. Isikhathi esimaphakathi salesi sigaba singamalanga angama-30.

Izibungu zizalwa ikakhulu ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Ekupheleni kwesigaba se-larval, izinambuzane zesikhathi esizayo zifinyelela ubude obungu-80 kuye ku-110 mm. Kulesi sigaba somjikelezo wempilo, izibungu zamabhungane zine-hue emhlophe ophuzi, ukwakheka kwe-C-kanye nokukhula okuncane kwezinwele. Zidla ngaphakathi kwezihlahla kanye ne-detritus. Futhi, izibungu ziyakwazi ukugedla izimpande zezihlahla eziphilayo.

Lo mjikelezo wokuthuthuka, obangela ubusika, kuya ngesimo sezulu nendawo yendawo. Kuhlala isilinganiso seminyaka emi-2 kuye kweli-4. Ukuphangwa kwenzeka entwasahlobo. I-chrysalis izalelwa endaweni yokudlela - igumbi elinodonga olwakhiwe ngothuli lwenkuni, inhlabathi nemikhiqizo ebalulekile yamakhaza. Isikhathi esimaphakathi salesi sigaba izinsuku ezingama-30. Isikhathi esithile, abantu abadala abayishiyanga imbeleko.

Kukholelwa ukuthi lezi zinambuzane azikudingi ukudla, kepha ziphila ngokudla okuvela ezakhiweni eziqoqiwe phakathi nesigaba sokukhula kwesidumbu.

Isikhathi sokundiza kwalezi zinambuzane zincike endaweni lapho zihlala khona. Njengomthetho, zindiza zisuka entwasahlobo ziye phakathi nehlobo, kaningi - kuze kube sekupheleni ekwindla. Kuhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani lezi zinambuzane? Esigabeni sabadala, isikhathi sabo sokuphila esiphakathi singama-1-2, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kwezinyanga ezi-3. Kwakuyisikhathi esiningi kangangokuba imvelo yabanikeza ukuba bashiye inzalo.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-bug enezimpondo

Amaqiniso ahehayo ahlobene nokubhula kobhejane:

• Lesi sinambuzane siyakwazi ukuhambisa izinto ezinesisindo sezikhathi ezingama-800 kuya kwezi-800 isisindo sazo.
• Ngokuphikisana nemithetho ye-physics ne-aerodynamics, lezi zidalwa ezinomzimba ezenzelwe ukuthi zindize ngesakhiwo azikwazi nje ukundiza, kodwa futhi zihambe amabanga amade emoyeni.
• Izimbobo zeRhinoceros ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza imali encane kagesi. Ngenxa yaleli khono, lapho kushayisana nabo, ezinye izinambuzane zingazizwa zikhipha njengamanje ukukhanya.
• Inani lalezi bugs lehlile ngokushesha, futhi ngenxa yalokho zibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu emazweni amaningi.
• Zizwa ingozi, lezi zinambuzane zenza sengathi zifile.
• Umbala wamabhungane uncike ngosayizi wawo. Lapho kukhulu umuntu ngamunye, umzimba wakhe ugcwele imibala.
• EJapan, lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezihlonishwayo. AmaJapan aze aqale la mabhungane njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
• Kusukela ngo-1943, izifundo ezibalulekile ezenziwe ngama-entomologists zalezi zinambuzane ziye zahlukaniswa futhi azishicilelwa emithonjeni evulekile.
• Ososayensi abafikanga esivumelwaneni sokuthi kungani imigodi yobhejane idinga uphondo.

Ngabe amabhungane obhejane ayakuluma, ayingozi noma awusizo?

Lezi izidalwa ezinokuthula okumangalisayo. Abalokothi bahlasele, yingakho abakwazi ukulimaza umuntu, futhi ngisho nokuhlala ngesandla, lesi sinambuzane asikulumi. Akukho lutho oluvela kumphangi kule bhungane - ukubona ingozi, ithanda ukuzenza sengathi ifile, hhayi ukulwa nesitha.

Uma umkhombe wobhejane ungeyona ingozi kumuntu, lapho impahla yakhe, ikakhulukazi okutshalekile, iba yingozi enkulu. Iqiniso ukuthi izibungu azondli kuphela ngaphakathi kwezihlahla ezifile. Zingalimaza izitshalo ezinempilo ngokutshala izimpande zazo. Ngenxa yomonakalo, isitshalo siyafa kancane kancane. Ukuvikela izilimo zazo kulezi zinambuzane ezinezimpondo, abalimi abaningi bazama ukubamba nokuziqeda. Inani lalezi zinambuzane lincipha ngokushesha minyaka yonke, ngakho-ke izazi zezinambuzane zifuna izindlela zobuntu ezizisebenzisayo ukulwa nazo.

Ungayigcina kanjani inambuzane ekhaya, ungayondla kanjani nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani?

Ukukhulisa imbobo yobhejane ekhaya, akudingekile ngisho nokuyondla. Noma kunjalo, ngaphandle komqondo wokuthi lezi zidalwa azikudingi ukudla, unganikeza ukudla okuhlanganisiwe okusha komqashi wezitshalo, ngokwesithelo esivuthiwe. Abazizwa isidingo samanzi; umswakama ovela epulpiti yezithelo ubanele bona.

Izibungu nabantu abadala badinga izimo ezihlukile. Ukuze isilwane esinezimpondo sizizwe sikhululekile futhi sikhule kahle, kufanele sibekwe embizeni yengilazi noma e-aquarium. Indawo yokuhlala nayo ingahlelelwa ebhokisini lekhadibhodi. Ngaphansi kwendlu kunconyelwa ukuba kufakwe umugqa ngecoconut substrate noma i-moss. Shintsha udoti okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga. Lapho ugcina amabhungane obhejane abaningana, kufanele ulungele iqiniso lokuthi kungadingeka ukuthi uwabeke kabusha ngenxa yokulwa njalo.

Izibungu zikabhejane

I-Larvae izodinga izimo ezikhethekile zentuthuko. I-cradle yabo ingakhiwa esitsheni sepulasitiki. Phansi phansi kwawo, beka izingqimba:

• Peat.
• Sawdust. Esikhundleni sesendlalelo sesibili, ungasebenzisa isihlungi se-hamsters.
• Amaqabunga etiye emvula (amacembe wetiye asele ngemuva kwetiyi).
• Sawdust.
• Flour Ungqimba wokugcina akufanele ube mnene. Ngaye, udinga i-1-2 tsp. ufulawa.