Izinhlobo: ICitellus erythrogenys Brandt, 1841 = UGopher onamahlwili abomvu
I-G-red-cheeked Gopher = iCitellus (= Spermophilus) erythrogenys
Ummeleli ophawuleka ngokuphelele wama squirrels womhlaba (ubude bomzimba aze afike ku-28 cm, umsila - kufika ku-6.5 cm). Yathola igama layo ngenxa yokuba khona kwezindawo ezinkulu ezibomvu ezikhanyayo ngaphansi kwamehlo. I-nornik ebusika, ehlala ezindaweni ezinotshani ezivulekile. Ihlala ezingxenyeni zezimpaphe zotshani ovuthayo ukusuka e-Irtysh iye e-Kuzbass, enyakatho ingena endaweni ehlanganisiwe yotshani ne-birch bush-steppe, empumalanga - ezintabeni ezise-Altai nase Kuznetsk Alatau. Ihlala emakoloni, kepha isilwane ngasinye sinomgodi ohlukile nendawo yaso yezwe. Imisele yesakhiwo esijwayelekile se-gopher, esinemikhondo ethambekele futhi ibheke phezulu, ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3,5 ejulile. Iyasebenza phakathi nosuku. Idla ukudla okusanhlamvu, amakhambi, kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane. Ngokubona ingozi, iba ikholamu emgodini futhi inikeze i-alamu enkulu (ezinhlotsheni eziningi - ikhwela elibukhali). UGophers, ngaleso sikhathi kude nezindawo zokukhosela, uqala ngokungena emiseleni yakhe, futhi lapho esuka lapho uyamemeza. Isazi sokulala asikwazi ukuvuka ngokushesha futhi asinakuzivikela ngokuphelele ezitheni esangena emgodini waso ngejamu yobumba. Kulokhu, isilwane siba "inyama ekheniwe" yesilwane esiphumelela kakhudlwana. Uhlushwa isifo futhi kwezinye izindawo yisithwali sayo esiyinhloko ngokwemvelo. Kulimaza izilimo.
Imnyuziyamu yaseSiberia Zoological (http://www.zooclub.ru/mouse/belich/25.shtml)
Ahlahle amehlo uGopher: UGopher wesayizi ophakathi. Ubude bomzimba 235-260 mm, umsila u-41-59 mm. Umbala wangemuva usuka ku-brownish-ocher uye ku-grey-ocher, onama-ripples achazwe kahle noma wezimoto. Ingaphezulu lekhanda ngombala ofanayo nangemuva. Izinhlangothi ziphuzi ngokuphuzi. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo nangaphansi kunezindawo ezimbili ezibanzi ezibomvu ezinsundu. Umsila onomugqa omncane obizwa ngokubuthakathaka noma ngaphandle kwawo nhlobo.
Sisatshalaliswa eningizimu yeNtshonalanga yeSiberia, eKazakhstan.
Umhlali wama-steppes nama-semi-desertert, enyakatho angena endaweni eyihlathi, eseningizimu-mpumalanga - engena esigabeni sezintaba. Imvamisa ihlala emadlelo, emigwaqweni, ezindaweni eziyizintombi eduze kwezilimo ngisho nasemasimini anosawoti amaningi. Emhlabeni olimekayo akuvamile.
Ukudla ikakhulukazi okusanhlamvu we-steppe, izimbali zawo, amaqabunga, isiqu.
Imisele alula ngesakhiwo, kepha ijule (kufika ku-350 cm). isidleke senziwe ngamakhambi athambile, awomile. Ukuvuka ekuvinjelweni ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi kuya ku-Ephreli. Kungekudala ngemuva kwalokhu, isikhathi sokuzalelisa siqala. Izinsana zifinyelela kumawundlu ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye. IHibernates ngo-Agasti - ingxenye yokuqala kaSeptemba.
U-G-red-cheeked Gopher (Spermophilus erythrogenys)- Umuntu owakha izitebhisi ezomile nezindawo eziwugwadule zasempumalanga yeKazakhstan, eningizimu nentshonalanga yeSiberia, inyakatho esentshonalanga neChina. Kusondele kakhulu obomvu, lapho kutholakala izinhla zabantu abahlanganisiwe. Isilwane sikweleta igama laso ukuthi sidwebe amabala obomvu ngokusobala ezihlathini, kwezinye izimpawu, sigcina isikhundla esiphakathi kweziqeshana zomhlaba ezincane nezibomvu.
Lo mdlali ngokuqhathanisa nobomvu ubomvu-onothando kakhudlwana. Eningizimu yebanga, kuhlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule, futhi ngasenyakatho, lapho isimo sezulu sinomswakama kakhulu, kuhlala emadlelweni, ezindleleni zezinkomo, eceleni komgwaqo lapho izimila zishaywa kakhulu. Imisele engapheli iya ngaphansi komhlaba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2, ubude bebonke bokuhamba bufika kumamitha angama-4-5. Ezifundeni ze-steppe, i-gopher enezihlathi ezibomvu ifihle ubusika kuphela, kanti eningizimu kukhona nomlobi wasehlobo, kwezinye iminyaka eyomile ikakhulukazi, izilwane azikhonjiswa kusuka emabhulashini ekwindla. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esisebenzayo sokuphila kweminye iminyaka asidluli izinyanga ezi-3 zentwasahlobo nasekuqalekeni kwehlobo, okuyizinto ezanele nje ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokuqongelela amafutha kwe-hibernation. Le gopher, ngokwesilinganiso esincane, ingesinye sezilokazane ezinzima zedlelo nezilimo zokusanhlamvu. Umphathi wemvelo ophethe i-encephalitis ethwala imikhaza, i-toxoplasmosis ne-tularemia, naphesheya kwezilwandle - isifo.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zomuntu onamahloni abomvu
I-squirrel enomhlabathi obomvu yigreyidi eliphakathi nendawo elinomsila omfushane kunezinye izinhlobo. Ubude bomzimba 23,5-26.0 cm, umsila ongu-4.1-5.9 cm.
Amathoni ansundu amnyama ansundu-buffy kuya ku-brownish-buffy sand amathoni avela emgqeni wombala we-squirrel emhlabathini obomvu, onephethini elintekenteke, elimnyama nelibi. Ikhanda ngenhla alihlukile kumbala wentamo nangemuva. Ekhaleni, kuvame ukuvela amathoni we-ocher-rusty. Amachashazi we-cheek ne-eyebrow apendwe ngombala onjalo. Amathoni abomvu ezinhlangothini zomzimba nasemaphethelweni akhuliswa kahle noma awekho.
Umngcele omnyama womsila awunamandla futhi umsila ngaphezulu ulula nge-monochromatic. Isikhathi se-fur dimorphism sibuthakathaka kunaleso somuntu omkhulu.
Ukusakazeka Kokubomvu kukaGopher
Umlobi onesihlakala esibomvu utholakala eningizimu yeSiberia eseNtshonalanga usuka e-Irtysh uye eMfuleni iTom, ezansi kwe-Altai ne-Kuznetsk Alatau. Enyakatho, izinhlobo azisatshalaliswa ziphezulu kuno-55 ° enyakatho. Eningizimu ifinyelela esifundeni saseKaraganda e-East Kazakhstan, ithumba iziQongo Eziphezulu zaseCaucasian.
I-squirrel emhlabathini enobomvu (Spermophilus erythrogenys).
Izindawo ezihlukanisiwe ziyaziwa eBedpak-Dala kanye naseDzungarian Ala-Tau endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1500 ukuya kwangama-2100 ngaphezu kolwandle. Umlobi onesihlathi elibomvu uyatholakala naseMongolia (phakathi kwe-Altai neHangai) naseXinjiang.
Red-cheek Gopher Habitats
Lo mthathi obomvu onesihlathi uhlala endaweni yezimpaphe zotshani ezifundeni nasezifundeni eziwugwadule. Enyakatho, ingena kwi-steppe enqatshelwe kanye ne-Altai birch-aspen ehlathini-steppe. Eningizimu itholakala phakathi kwamahlathi angavamile e-saxaul, inyuka ezintabeni ize endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2100.
I-gopher igaya imisele emaphethelweni esihlabathi, ayigwemi inhlabathi enosawoti kanye nenhlabathi enhle kakhulu.
Izimpi ezindaweni ezisezintombazaneni, amadlelo, emigwaqweni, eduze kwezilimo. Emhlabeni olimekayo akuvamile.
Ama-gophers aneso elibomvu atholakala eningizimu yeSiberia eseNtshonalanga - ezindaweni eziwugwadule eziwumdweshu owomile kanye notshani obomile bezimpaphe.
Ama-Gophers aphila ngemvelo
Ngokungafani nama-squirrels, izakhamuzi zasehlathini eliqinile elinomthunzi, elincane, elincanyana, elinombala ngenhlabathi eshwabene, ama-squirrel omhlabathi ajwayelekile njengesiqalo esivulekele ukukhanya kwelanga. Ziphinde zitholakale emithini yotshani ephansi, ezintabeni ezingenamsebenzi, emaphethelweni amasimu. Bakhetha izindawo ezivulekile nezomile ngotshani obunqabileyo, lapho kulula khona ngezilwane eziqaphela ukuqaphela ingozi ngesikhathi. Gwema amahlathi, izindawo ezimbozwe ngezihlahla noma ukhula, kanye namaxhaphozi. Emizini yabo bazama ukukhetha izindawo eziphakeme.
Umlondli waziwa ngomkhuba wawo wokuma phezulu kwikholamu; lokhu kuyinto eyinqayizivele yocwaningo. Esithombeni ngumuntu onobuso obheka indawo ezungezile.
Ama-Gophers ahola indlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba futhi, ngengozi encane kakhulu, acasha ngezimbobo ukuthi, njengamagundane azelwe ngemvelo, azimbele. Kwesinye isikhathi ukujula komgodi kungafinyelela amamitha amathathu, futhi ubude buba ngamamitha ayi-15! Imvamisa kuba namagatsha amaningi emiseleni. Ekupheleni kwekhaya labo, izilwane zihlomisa indawo yokuphumula kusuka emaqabunga notshani obomile.
Izilwane zihlala zodwa noma emakoloni. Umuntu ngamunye omdala unomgodi wakhe ohlukile nendawo yawo encane.
Eqeshini, umlobi uchitha ubusuku futhi aphumule amahora amaningi phakathi nosuku. Ekuseni, isilwane sishiya imbobo kuphela lapho amazolo egcwala amanzi. Ngokushona kwelanga ilanga liya emgodini ebusuku.
UNora ukhonza njengomlobi futhi oyisiphephelo ezitheni, okuvame ukuba khona izimbotshana: oklebe, izinkozi, izinyoka, izindunduma, amarabi, izingwe, izimpisi, izimpungushe, amabhulukwe. Kodwa-ke, izindima eziningi ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukuqaphela kwemvelo kanye ne-dexterity, kuvame ukukuvumela ukuba ushiye abalandela bakho ngekhala. Kodwa i-steppe polecat nokubopha amabhande kuyingozi enkulu yesilwane, okuthi, ngenxa yomzimba wabo omude futhi omncane, angenza indlela yawo ngqo emgodini we-rodent.
I-gopher ngayinye iyazi kahle imbobo yayo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi, iphunyuka esitheni, i-rodent iphuthuma ukucasha emgodini ongaziwa. Kulokhu, umnikazi uvikela ikhaya lakhe ngentshiseko: okokuqala ushaya isivakashi esingamenyiwe nezimbobo zakhe zangaphambili ebusweni, sengathi unikeza umuntu ngempama ngempama, bese eqala ukugedla amazinyo kumuntu angamaziyo futhi lokho kumenze athathe umhlalaphansi. Kodwa-ke, imihlangano enjalo ayivamile.
Njengama-rodents amaningi afanayo ngokubukeka nangendlela yokuphila, ama-rodents, phakathi kwawo adume kakhulu ama-marmot - izakhamizi ezikhudlwana futhi ezinokuthula ngokwengeziwe kwama-steppes, kanye nama-hamsters - ama-rodices amancane anemibala egqamile yendawo eshisayo, ama-gophers achitha ubusika esesimweni sokulala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudla nokunyakaza, ukusetshenziswa kwemali okusetshenzisiwe kwamafutha aqoqiwe kusukela ekuweni. Ekubhekeni komoya, zonke izinqubo zokuphila zihamba kancane: inhliziyo ishaya kancane, ukuphefumula kaningi, kanye nokushisa komzimba kuyehla. Ngokufika kokushisa kuphela entwasahlobo lapho squirrel emhlabathini iphile futhi idle.
Kukholelwa ukuthi ubuthongo be-gopher ngesikhathi hibernation buqine kakhulu. Isilwane singakhipha ngisho nasemgodini, wehlise ijubane njengoba uthanda, futhi ngeke ivuke. Ngasikhathi sinye, ososayensi baseMelika bathola ukuthi lesi silwane siphaphama ngokwehla kwamandla okushisa komoya (kuya-26 ° C).
Ezinye izinhlobo nazo zingacasha ehlobo. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenxa yezimo ezomile zentwasahlobo, ezibangele ukuthi ukushiswa kwezimila kuqala, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izilwane azondliwa ngokwanele.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-gopher kuyaqabukela ihlale iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu kuya kwemine.
Ukuzala
Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu nezinhlobo zezulu, ama-gophers avuka ekubandakanyeni ngoFebhuwari, Mashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Ngemuva kokulala isikhathi eside ebusika, izilwane zilahlekelwa isisindo esiningi, zibuthakathaka, kepha kungekudala bacabanga ngokuzala - baqala umjaho. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungabona ukuthi abesilisa bajaha kanjani izinsikazi ngokungakhathali futhi balwa nezimbangi zabo. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha isikhathi esingangenyanga, ekudleni kukhona kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-12 cubs (imvamisa yi-6-8). Izinsana zizalwa zinqunu futhi zingaboni futhi ziphuzwa ubisi lwebele izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2, futhi zikulungele impilo esizimele ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala.
Izici zokuziphatha komlobi osesikhathini obomvu
Umlobi onesihlakala esibomvu uhlala emakoloni, kepha isilwane ngasinye sinomgodi ohlukile nendawo ngayinye. Imisele yokubhukuda ilula: inemibhalo ethambekele futhi ibheke phezulu, kepha ijule kakhulu - amamitha ayi-3.50. Ukukhupha okwenziwe ngokuqondile (ama-squirrels omhlaba) ezigcotshelweni akubonakali. I-gopher eneso elibomvu ihlela isidleke kusuka kumakhambi athambile omile. Iqaphela ingozi, lesi silwane siqhola kwikholamu emgodini bese sikhipha ikhwela elibukhali - i-alamu enkulu. UGophers, okwamanje ngaleso sikhathi kude nomqashi wabo, baqale babalekele ezindlini zabo zokukhosela, futhi ukusuka lapho bakhomba ingozi.
Ngemuva kokungazizwa kahle, izilwane ziba ngokubabayo futhi zingakwazi ukuphaphama ngokushesha. Kulesi simo, bavikelekile ngokuphelele ezitheni eziye zangena emiseleni ngejamu yobumba.
Kulokhu, umlandeli uba yisisulu somphangi ophumelelayo.
Isikhathi sezinguquko ezenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kumjikelezo wempilo wesikwele esenziwe ngommese obomvu sihluke kakhulu ezifundeni ezihlukene. Ogwadule, bangahamba ngezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20, kuya ngesimo sezulu sonyaka. Esikhathini esishisayo, i-gopher enezihlathi ezibomvu iwela ekuweni kwehlobo, iphenduka iphupho lasebusika. Ama-Rodents hibernate ngo-Agasti - ingxenye yokuqala kaSeptemba.
I-rod-cheeked ebomvu iyasebenza emini.
Ukudla esihlathini sobomvu Gopher Eating
Umugqa wokudla we-squirrel emhlabathini obomvu unezinhlamvu zama-steppe, izimbali zawo, amaqabunga, isiqu, nembewu. Isabelo sokudla kwezilwane asisikhulu.
Ama-gopher abhekene nobomvu ahlala emakoloni.
Ukulandelwa kwe-gopher ebomvu esihlathini:
1) I-Spermophilus erythrogenys erythrogenys Brandt - igalofu ende enombala omnyama omude obude obude obunephethini ebonakalayo emuva nasemngceleni omnyama komsila. Ihlala kusuka e-Irtysh kuya emikhawulweni yasempumalanga yensimu.
2) C. e. Intermedlus Brandt - inombala okhanyayo futhi okhanyayo, iphethini enezinhloso ayikhulunywa. Kuhlala amaKazakh Highlands.
3) C. e. Brevicauda Brandt - iringi elincane elikhanyayo futhi elinombala omncane futhi omfushane. Ihlala esifundazweni i-East Kazakhstan, Semipalatinsk kanye neTaldy-Kurgan.
4) C. e. Iliensis Bcljaev - umbala ulula, ubumba lumbala, owaziwa ngamaphoyinti ambalwa osebeni lomfula lwesobunxele. Noma. Womabili la mafomu okugcina ahlobene neShayina S. e. Carruthersi Thomas.
Ukubaluleka komnotho kwe-gopher ebomvu esihlathini
I-red-cheeked gopher ilimaza izilimo. Ukudoba kuncane. Kuthwala izifo eziyingozi: isishayo, i-tularemia, futhi kwezinye izindawo iyisiphathi esikhulu semvelo.
UGopher isidalwa sezilimo zokusanhlamvu, izitshalo zasengadini kanye nojongilanga.
Ama-gophers aneso elibomvu angagcinwa ekudingisweni. Kwenduku, kukhethwe ikheji eliphakathi nendawo. Kungcono ukugcina umbhangqwana oshadile endaweni ebiyelwe nosayizi okungenani wamamitha ayi-1x1. Kufakwa izingqimba ngaphakathi: izindlu, amabhokisi, izingcezu zamapayipi, kanye nokubona izihlahla ezisikiwe zokusika ukugaya, zokuphuza izitsha ngamanzi amasha. Njengombhede sebenzisa utshani, amaqabunga.
Ngemuva kokuqothuka, amaseli embozwe ungqimba obukhulu bezinto ezifanayo. Ngesikhathi hibernation, gophers aqukethe eyodwa ngasikhathi. Ukudla: inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu zasendle nezilinyiwe zasithelo, izithelo, imifino, ama-rhizomes wezitshalo zasendle, amagatsha aluhlaza wezinhlobo zezihlahla ezithambile.
Ama-rodents adla ngokuzithandela ama-oats, ama-sunflower, okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okutshaliwe.
Ungangeza okuphakelayo kwe-granular, izaqathe, isinkwa, beet, izimpethu zikafulawa, i-hamarus, amakhambi ekudleni.
Ukubaluleka kwama-gophers abomvu esihlokweni semvelo
Ezimweni zemvelo, squirrel emhlabathini onobuhle obuyisixhumanisi esibaluleke kakhulu kumaketanga wokudla. Ama-Rodents adla ku: steppe ferret, corsac, fox, Buzzard, steppe ukhozi, ikite, izinkonyane ezinkulu, i-steppe kanye ne-marsh harriers, amagwababa.
Izilwane eziningi ze-steppe zingathatha indawo yokuhlala komlungisi noma zihlanganyele nazo.
Inani lezitha zemvelo zama-squirrel asezansi linciphe kakhulu ngemuva kokulima okuqhubekayo kwezindawo zobuntombi, ngoba izinyamazane eziningi emasimini amahle azihlanganisi isidleke. Ama-kites namaqhubu amakhulu aqothula ama-gophers amaningi ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwawo kabusha. Ngenxa yesomiso, isibalo sezinkozi zama-nomad namaBuzzards siyakhuphuka, kanti ukufa okuphezulu kakhulu kwama-squirrels asemncane kuyabonakala ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwamafutha ukulungiselela ubusika.
Umlobi onesihlakala esibomvu unezihlalo zezimbobo. Emaphethelweni angaphansi komhlaba wamagundane: inkukhu ethosiwe njenge-steppe piedt, i-jerboa enkulu, i-vole enomphetho omncane, i-Vole ejwayelekile, igundane lasendlini, i-Daurian hamster, iHamung Dzster, iHamster ka-Eversman kanye negundane le-steppe.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Ezokuxhumana
Njengoba ososayensi bethole, phakathi kwezilwane, ama-gophers anolimi olunzima kakhulu lokuxhumana. Ngaphezu kokushaya ikhwela nokuhlebeza, izilwane ziyaxhumana ngomshini ngamunye. Kwesinye isikhathi zikhala kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ziyakhala futhi ziyagobhoza. Kepha i-Wheezing yingxenye encane yesiginali umuntu noma yisiphi isilwane esikwazi ukuzwa. Iningi lesiginali lihamba emafraneni e-ultrasonic.
“Ngokuxoxa” kwabo nge-tonity ehlukile, isigqi kanye nesikhathi, izilwane zingasichaza kahle isilwane esiseduze, ukubukeka kwazo, usayizi nesakhiwo saso, futhi sitshele ukuthi le ngozi iyingozi kangakanani.
Ngabe idlani squirrel?
Ukudla kwama-squirrels omhlabathi kuyizitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu, kepha, ezimweni zokushoda, zondla izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi izintethe, kanye nezimbungulu ezahlukahlukene, isikhonyane, amacimbi. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-gophers ahlasela ngisho namagundane asendle kanye nezinyoni ezincane. Ukudla kwezitshalo zezilwane kuqukethe amahlumela amasha, isiqu namaqabunga, kanye nembewu. Ukwakheka kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezidliwayo yizilwane kuhlukile: ama-knotweed, ama-yarrow, ama-clover amnandi, i-nettle egwazayo, okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, njll. Imicu imvamisa idla ukudla okuphakathi kwensimu efanayo, abayimaka ngokukhuthele.
Izinhlobo zama-gophers ahlala eRussia, izithombe nencazelo
Uhlobo lwama-gophers lunezinhlobo ezingama-38. E-Russia, ezindaweni ezivulekile kusuka ogwadule kuya e-Arctic Circle, abangu-9 kubo bahlala: ophuzi, noma amatshe esiliva, obomvu, noma amakhulu, amancanyana, amachashazi, iDaurian, iCaucasian, iTayire, iBeringian neKrasnoshchek. Zonke zihlukile ngosayizi nombala woboya.
I-squidrel emhlabathini ophuzi (is sandwich) (Spermophilus fulvus Lichtenstein)
I-squidrel emhlabathini ophuzi ihlala ikakhulukazi ogwadule nasezinhlangwini eziyisithupha, kodwa-ke iyatholakala nasezindaweni ezomile zeLower Volga.Phakathi kwabafowabo, umi kuqala, okokuqala, ngamasayizi asondela ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobo ezincane zezingqimba (ubude bomzimba wakhe bungafinyelela kuma-38 cm), futhi ngokubukeka naye uyafana nezingwegwe zomhlaba. Ihluka nge-gopher enkulu ngombala woboya obufana namathoni anesihlabathi-ophuzi onesitayile esimnyama.
I-gopher ephuzi iyesabeka kakhulu kulo lonke uhlobo lweSpermophilus. Ngaphambi kokuphuma emgodini, uvikela ikhanda lakhe aze afike kulokho, futhi njengoba ekulesi sikhundla isikhathi eside, uhlola isifunda. Ngenkathi esondla, uhlala ebuka nxazonke. Elutshanini obude, udla ikholamu, kepha uma izimila zincane, wondla ehlezi phansi noma elele, enamathela emhlabathini ngomzimba wakhe wonke. Mhlawumbe isizathu sokuphaphama okunjalo kuyindlela yokuphila eyedwa, lapho isilwane siphoqelelwa ukuba sizinakekele ngokuphepha. Umuntu ngamunye uhlala endaweni encane (efinyelela ku-0, ha ha), egada ngentshiseko ekulweni nokuhlasela kwezihlobo. Uma usongo lungathinti umfokazi, kusetshenziswa amazinyo.
IHibernation kulolu hlobo ingenye ende kunawo wonke ama-squirrel asemhlabeni - izinyanga eziyi-8-9.
Ubomvu, noma i-gopher enkulu (S. Pallas enkulu)
I-gopher enkulu itholakala kumazibuko notshani kanye nasezindongeni zezitebhisi ukusuka kuVolga maphakathi kuya e-Irtysh. Ngobukhulu, i-gopher ebomvu ingeyesibili kuphela ephuzi, ubude bomzimba wayo bungafinyelela kuma-33 cm, umsila - 6-10 cm.
Umbala wangemuva wesilwane umnyama, onsundu-onsundu, unendawo engacacile yobumhlophe, isisu simpunga. Ingaphezulu lekhanda limpunga yesiliva, yehlukile kumbala wangaphambili wangemuva. Esihlathini nangamehlo angenhla avela amabala ahlukahlukene abomvu noma ansundu.
Ukusuka kwezinye izinhlobo, i-gopher ebomvu iyiselula eyengeziwe: uma ifuna ukudla emgodini wayo, leli pondo lingahamba ngamamitha angamakhulu amabili, futhi uma izimila zoma, ziya ezindaweni ezicebile zokudla.
Ama-gophers amakhulu angawela imifula ebanzi!
Umncane kaGopher (S. pygmaeus Pallas)
U-gopher omncane uhlala emaqeleni asuka esifundeni saseVolga, eDnieper naseziNtabeni zaseCaucasus, ukuya ogwini lweLwandle Olumnyama, Azov nolweCaspian. Lesi ngesinye sezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke, ubude bomzimba waso abudluli ku-24 cm, umsila awudluli ku-4 cm. Umbala awunakuqhathaniswa - grey noma brownish, imvamisa kunokubekwa phambili kwamathoni we-ocher.
Umqaphi waseCaucasian (S. musicus Amamenyu)
I-Caucasian (intaba) squirrel yomhlaba itholakala esifundeni i-Elbrus, ezimfundeni nasezintabeni eziphakemeyo. Izindawo ezisetshenziswayo zaleli pende zingaba ngamamitha ayi-1000 kuye kwangama-3200 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Kubukeka njenge-gopher encane. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bufika kuma-24 cm, umsila - 4-5 cm. Lolu hlobo luthanda ukuthula: lubonakala ngokungabikho kwezindawo zokudla ngazinye. Izilwane zigada kuphela imisele yazo yaphakade, futhi izindawo zokudla zabiwa.
I-squirrel emhlabathini emnyama (S. suslicus guldenstaedt)
I squirrel emhlabathini enamabala ingenye yabamele abancane kakhulu kulolu hlobo lobuciko: ubude bomzimba - 17- 26 cm, umsila - 3-5 cm. Yande emaphethelweni nasezintabeni zehlathi lase-East European Plain ukusuka eDanube kuya eVolga. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi ziyindawo eziphakemeyo zenyoka eseyintombi, amadlelo namadlelo. Ukuphila emakoloni.
Njengama-steppe amaningi asemini kanye namagundane asogwadule, ama-squirrel omhlaba acwebile ngezikhathi ezomile ezishisayo ayasebenza ekuseni nakusihlwa. Izilwane azithandi inhlabathi enomswakama, ngakho-ke, ekuseni zishiya izimbobo kuphela uma amazolo esewomile ngokuphelele, futhi esimweni sezulu esinethayo azibonakali nhlobo ebusweni. Ichitha ekubonakalweni kwezinyanga ezi-4 kuye kwezingu-8 ngonyaka, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala kanye nesimo sezulu.
Namuhla, squirrel emhlabathini enamachashazi iyisilo esiyivelakancane esisohlwini oluBomvu eBryansk nakwezinye izindawo. Lapho lezi zilwane seziziningi, zaze zalwa nazo, njengakwezinambuzane zezolimo. Kepha eminyakeni yamuva, indawo yezindawo ezilungele ukuhlala ama-rodent inciphile kakhulu. Kumephu, indawo abahlala kuyo esuka emgodini eqhubekayo isiphenduke iziqhingi ezingandile, futhi ziya ngokuya zincipha.
UDaurian Gopher (S. dauricus Brandt)
UDaurian, noma njengoba abizwa nangokuthi, umlobi waseTransbaikal, uhlala ezindaweni ezomile zeTransbaikal Territory, kanye naseMpumalanga neMongolia Northeast China. Imvamisa itholakala emagqumeni, emadlelo, eceleni komgwaqo, emaceleni ezitimela, ngisho nasezingadini zemifino.
Le yinhlobo encane kakhulu: umzimba wayo ungama-17,5- 23 cm ubude, umsila wayo ingu-4-6,5 cm.Umhlane we-Transbaikal gopher ulula, unesihlabathi esimpunga ngombala okhanyayo okhanyayo, isisu saphuzi siphuzi, izinhlangothi ziphuzi ngokuphuzi.
Amakoloni ngokuvamile awakhiwa, kodwa uhlala yedwa.
U-Long-Tailed Gopher (S. undulatus Pallas)
Sisatshalaliswa eMpumalanga iTien Shan, eCentral naseWestern Mongolia, eningizimu yeCentral Siberia, e-Altai, ezintabeni zaseTransbaikalia, eCentral Yakutia. Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo iyahlukahluka, etholakala ezindaweni ezinomile nasezintabeni zamahlathi, ezindaweni ezivulekile zamahlane nezintaba.
Umlobi omude onomsila omkhulu - uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu, ubude bomzimba lufika kuma-31 cm. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo lwentambo ngumsila omfushane futhi omude (ngaphezu kwe-16 cm).
Umbala wangemuva usuka ku-ocher-brown uye ku-brownish-fawn, ezinhlangothini umbala ogqwala iba mkhulu, ikhanda limnyama kancane. Ngasemuva, izimfoloko ezimpunga noma ezimhlophe zibonakala kahle.
Le gopher icasha ngokweqile kwezinye izidalwa, kwesinye isikhathi emva kokuba iqhwa selivele lawa.
UBering Gopher (S. parryi Richardson)
Umlobi weBering gopher (obizwa nangokuthi i-Arctic, American and American long tailed gopher) uhlala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Ezweni lakithi, kutholakala eChukotka, Kamchatka, eSiberia eseNyakatho-East. Ihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile - izindawo zemihlambi kanye ne-steppe, kunoma yikuphi ukuphakama kosizo, okuvame ukutholakala emaphethelweni amadolobhana.
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke: ubude bomzimba wezinhlobo zeChukchi zingama-25-32 cm, kanti zona zaseMelika zikhulu ngisho nangaphezulu - ubude bazo bomzimba bufika kuma-40 cm. Umsila wezilwane mude futhi ubushelelezi. Ingemuva liyi-brownish-buffy iphethini ehlukile yezindawo ezinkulu ezikhanyayo, ikhanda linombala onsundu.
Indima ebalulekile ekudleni kwalolu hlobo kudlalwa ngokudla kwezilwane (amabhungane omhlaba, amacimbi, njll.). Izici zokudla ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo.
U-G-red-cheeked Gopher (S. erythrogenys Brandt)
Ihlala eningizimu yezifunda zase-Ural naseWest Siberian, nayo etholakala eMongolia.
Le yinduku enesayizi ephakathi, ubude bayo bomzimba abudluli kuma-28 cm. Umsila mfishane kunalowo wezihlobo - u-4-6 cm. Uthole igama lawo ngenxa yezimpawu ezinsundu noma ezibomvu esihlathini. Ngemuva kwesilwane kunesihlabathi siphuzi esinama-ripple amnyama-onsundu, isisu simnyama, izinhlangothi zinezikhumba eziphuzi. Kukhona ibala elimhlophe okhalweni. Umsila awunaso isikhafu esimnyama, simnyama ngezansi.
Lenhlobo ihlala emakoloni, kepha isilwane ngasinye esidala sinomgodi ohlukile nendawo yaso encane.
Ukusuka emzabalazweni kuya ekuvikelweni
Ama-Gophers yiqembu lamagundane umuntu alwe nalo isikhathi eside futhi elenzelwa isikhathi eside, njengoba kunjalo ngezinambuzane zezilimo nabathwali bezifo eziyingozi ezibhekise phambili (isifo, i-tularemia, njll.). Yilezi zici, kanye nendawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo eziningi ezindaweni ezingama-anthropogenic, ezazisebenza njengesisekelo sokungqubuzana kwabantu. Ezokuvikela ezolimo kanye nezinsizakalo zezokwelapha ziye zabhekana futhi ziyaqhubeka nokubhekana nezinkinga zokunqanda inani lamagundane, zisebenzisa ubuthi obukhulu bokulwa nalezi zigundane.
Lapho ubheka uhlobo lweSpermophilus, iningi lezinhlobo zazo okuye kwaqothulwa ngalo iminyaka eminingi, umuntu ngeke aqaphele iqhaza lawo emphakathini wezemvelo. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezimbobo luhlinzeka ngamathuba okuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, emiseleni yomsundana omncane lapho akuhlali khona noma kungaphansi - kwezinkulungwane eziyi-12 zezilwane ezahlukahlukene zamaqembu ahlelekile. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi ngokunyamalala kwama-squirrels omhlaba, inani labazingeli basemhlabeni nezinyoni zezinyamazane lincishiswa kakhulu (ukukhanya okuluhlaza, i-steppe kestrel, i-saker, i-saker, ukhozi lokungcwaba, njll.)
Kanye nokubhujiswa okuqondile kwama-squirrel komhlaba, kunenqubo yokuncishiswa kanye nokuguqulwa kwezindawo zabo zemvelo ngenxa yokulima nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobha nezinguquko zesimo sezulu.
Muva nje, udaba lokuvikela inqwaba yabamele lo mndeni seluphakanyisiwe. Namuhla, ama-grey, ama-red, ama-brown, amachashazi, aphuzi, abomvu kanye nama-daurian abhalwe ku-Red Book of the Russian Federation kanye / noma ezincwadini ezibomvu zesifunda.
Ukuphakama kwalolu daba ukuthi ochwepheshe bezokulondolozwa kwemvelo banikela ngezindlela zokongiwa kwe-gopher, ngenkathi izinsiza zokuvikela ezolimo nezolimo ziyaqhubeka nokunciphisa isibalo sezilwane ukuze kuqinisekiswe inhlala-kahle yesibalo sabantu nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwezitshalo.
UGopher njengesilwane esifuywayo
Eqinisweni, ama-gophers awakulungelanga ukugcinwa ekhaya. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi impilo ezimweni zemvelo igcwele izingozi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi lesi sikhala sothando esibhakabhaka sesilwane esinamakha sijabule ngethemba lokuzinza ekhejini noma indiza ebanzi. I-gopher akuyona ingulube ye-Guinea noma i-chinchilla, evumelana kahle nokuphila ekudingisweni futhi ijwayele umuntu, isici se-gopher yisikhala nenkululeko, kepha ayisoze yaba yincwadi yezandla, alas ...
Kepha nokho kukhona abathandi abanjalo be-exoticism basekhaya abazama ukonakalisa lezi zidalwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi amafulethi awakulungele ngokuphelele ukugcina ama-gophers - ngeke aphile isikhathi eside lapha, ngoba kunzima ukudala izimo ezamukelekile kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zizomaka insimu, nephunga lezimpawu zazo, ukukubeka kahle, kucacisiwe.
Kuvunyelwe ukugcina ama-gophers ezivalekile egcekeni lendlu yangasese, lapho izilwane zinganikela ngezidingo zazo - bambe imigudu, gijimani, gxuma futhi bagxume. Kwama-squirrels emhlabathini, kuyadingeka indawo ebiyelwe enobungako okungenani obungu-150 x 150 cm. Ngaphakathi kufakwa izindlu zokuhlala zomuntu onomshini, amabhokisi, iziqu zemibhobho - zezilwane zokugcina, izingodo - zabagundi bokugaya. Ngobusuku obusebusuku (ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba), izinduku zinikezwa impahla yokulala - utshani, utshani, amaqabunga, ukuze izilwane ezifuywayo zilungiselele indawo yokucasha ubusika. Ukubiyelwa okufanayo kumbozwe ngokuphelele ngezinto ezifanayo. Ama-Gophers agcinwa munye ngesikhathi ukuze aqashe.
Isisekelo sokudla komlobi ziingxube zokusanhlamvu, i-oats, ukolweni, ibhali, imbewu yejongilanga, ummbila, ukudla okulungiselelwe okwenziwe ngamagundane. Banikeza imifino - izaqathe, beet, i-zucchini, ukhukhamba, nezithelo - ubhanana, amapharele, ama-apula, kanye nokudla okuluhlaza - isaladi yekhanda, i-alfalfa, amaqabunga e-dandelion, i-plantain, i-clover, njll. Izikhathi ezithile, lokhu kudla kuhlukahluka ngokudla kwamaprotheni (izimpethu zikafulawa, amakhethini, izintethe). Ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo izikhathi 2 ngosuku.
Awungeke unikeze ukudla kwe-gopher kusuka etafuleni lomuntu, kanye neklabishi, ama-chestnut, ama-acorn, amagatsha e-oki. Kufanele njalo kube namanzi amasha ophuzayo.