Ukuzalelwa kwamadada asendle iKrokhal isasazeke eRussia naseCIS. Ubukhulu obukhulu, isisindo esifanelekile nombala ogqamile wabantu ngamunye uheha abazingeli bezifunda ze-Altai Territory, i-Urals, Chita ne-Irkutsk. Lezi zinyoni zasendle ezikhethekile zithuthela emazweni afudumele ebusika; ngezikhathi ezithile ungazibona oLwandle i-Azov. Yini edume kangaka ngabamele bendawo ephakathi yezwekazi lase-Yurobhu futhi kungani ezinye izingxhaso ziqale ukungena kwiRed Book?
Izici ezihlukile zezinhlobo
I-Duck Krohal ngokubukeka nosayizi ifana ne-goose encane. Isisindo sisukela ku-1 kuye ku-2 kg, ubude bomzimba bufika ku-65 cm, kuthi amaphiko asondele kumamitha (87-92 cm). Izinyoni zalolu hlobo ziyizinyoni zomndeni ezingalwa emuva lapho zihlangana nomhlaseli omncane. Ngenkathi ebandayo, zingaphambukela emhlambini omkhulu ukuze ziqinisekise ukusinda kwazo.
Njengoba sesifunde isithombe sale nyoni kwi-Intanethi, kulula ukubona lezi zinto ezilandelayo ezihlukanisayo:
- Kunesibuko esimhlophe esikhethekile emaphikweni, esibonakala kahle ngokungafani nesizinda sephiko elimpunga, elihlukanisa lezi zinyoni kubo bonke abanye.
- Abesilisa banekhanda elimnyama ne-apex yomsamo, aphonswe ngokukhanya okuluhlaza okunomphumela wensimbi ngaphansi kwelanga elikhanyayo. Umhlane umnyama, futhi eduze nomsila kuphuzi. Umzimba wonke umhlophe nge-pink tint. Okubalulekile: amadraki aguqula umbala wawo, ngoba lesi yisici sabo sesibili sobulili, esibavumela ukuba bazalwe.
- Abesifazane bahlukaniswa kalula ngamakhanda abo abomvu noma ansundu. Izinsikazi zinomphimbo omhlophe, nomhlane ompunga nompunga.
- Uqhwaku lwama-mergansers lubomvu ngokugqamile, ekugcineni lugoba lube yisikebhe.
- Ekhanda ledada kukhona ubuqili obumangalisayo.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-merganser ende-ne-nated ne-merganser enkulu ihlukile kubo bonke abamele. Umbala wabo uncike ngenkathi. Entwasahlobo, iba ngokukhanya kuqhathaniswa nobusika (njengoba imvelo isilele phansi), kepha ehlobo umbala uyaphela futhi ngokuwa kwawo kuba mnyama ngokuphelele futhi kungabonakali. Kungakho ngesizini ebandayo kunzima kangaka ukuhlukanisa insikazi kowesilisa ngokubukeka.
Indawo ehlala i-Waterfowl
IDuck Krohal akuyona inyoni edlekayo kuphela, kodwa futhi neyefudukayo. Ehlobo uthanda ukugcwala emgqeni ophakathi nezwekazi lase-Euro. Entwasahlobo, lezi zinyoni zindiza phakathi kwezokuqala, ngokushesha lapho kuvela umhlonyane. Abamele i-waterfowl bashiya ubusika kuphela ngokufika kwamakhaza abukhali, okubandakanya ukukhululeka kwezidumbu zamanzi.
Ngokuyisisekelo, abamele amadada bathanda izidleke ezindaweni ezisehlathini, yize kubonakale imidwebo ezintabeni zezintaba, nasezindaweni ezisogwini. Indawo enjalo ebanzi ibangelwa yizinhlobo eziningi zemixhaso. Ehlobo, izinyoni zigcwalisa izifunda ezimaphakathi hhayi kuphela ezwekazi lase-Yuria, kodwa naseNyakatho Melika, kuthi ebusika ziqhubekele ogwini lolwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic nolwePacific, zingatholakala naseningizimu yeChina (ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona izinhlanzi).
Kubalulekile: uma ubusika buhlala bufudumele impela, futhi izingxenye ezisheshayo zedamu lingamboziwe ngesendlalelo esincanyana seqhwa, khona-ke inyoni ngeke ishiye indawo yayo eyithandayo yokudla esidlekeni.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Merganser duck
I-duck yasendle enhle i-Merganser ayaziwa kuphela ngamapheya ayo aqhakazile futhi angajwayelekile, kodwa futhi ngosayizi wayo omuhle. Isisindo salezi zinyoni singafinyelela amakhilogremu amabili. Isisindo esisebenza kakhulu senzeka ekwindla. Ama-Mergansers ayizinyoni ezifudukayo. Ebusika, bakhetha ukuthuthela emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esiningi sobusika babonwa eKamchatka, ePrimorye nangasogwini loLwandle i-Azov.
Ividiyo: Duck Merganser
Amadada we-Merganser angawokulandelana kwama-Anseriformes, a subfamily of ducks real. Zingumndeni wamadada futhi zihlukaniswe kuwo ziwuhlobo oluhlukile lwama-mergansers. Isizathu sokuvela kohlobo oluhlukile kungukubakhona kwenani elikhulu lokufana phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-merganser. Zonke zinezici ezifanayo ze-anatomical, indlela yokuphila efanayo, indlela efanayo yokuziphatha kanye nezinketho zokudla okunempilo.
Phakathi kwezici ezijwayelekile zokuhlanganiswa kwe-mergansers yilezi:
- yinde, inciphile futhi igobile phezulu kwesiqhwaku. Phezulu kwayo, ungabona ukukhula okuncane okuthe xaxa. Futhi esikhundleni samapuleti amadada ajwayelekile kuqhwaku (lokuqoqa ukudla kwesitshalo), la madada anamazinyo abukhali. Akhiwe emaphethelweni futhi enzelwe ukwenza kube lula ukudla izinhlanzi,
- intamo ephakeme, i-torso. Isibonakaliso esinjengalesi sizenza zifane kakhulu namalogi, ama-grebes,
- ubukhulu bezinhlanzi ekudleni. Abakwa Mergansers abakudli ukudla kwezitshalo,
- ikhono elihle lokuntywila kwemvelo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamadada we-merganser kuguqulwe kaningi kuso sonke isikhathi.
Kuze kube manje, kungokwesiko ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezine zabahlanganisi:
- isikali. Lezi zinhlobo zakudala. Ingxenye yomzimba wale nyoni enezimbambo ifana nomdwebo wesikali. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala empumalanga kuphela,
- enkulu. Kungumeleli omkhulu kakhulu we-mergansers. Kaningi bamdida nge-goose. Izidleke ezinhle ze-merganser kokubili empumalanga nasentshonalanga,
- ende-nosed. Isisindo salesi silwane singamakhilogremu elilodwa nesigamu, ubude abudluli amasentimitha amahlanu nesishiyagalombili. Lolu hlobo lujwayelekile kakhulu futhi lutholakala kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlala kwama-mergansers,
- WaseBrazil Izinhlobo ezingandile - isibalo asidluli abantu abangamakhulu amathathu namashumi amahlanu. Izinhlobo zasentshonalanga kuphela.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Uhlobo duck merganser ubukeka
Ukubonakala kwamadada we-mergansers kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zawo. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukile kuningi okufana kwe-anatomical nokwangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, wonke ama-mergansers ahlukaniswa ngobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Ubude bawo bukhulu, ngamasentimitha ayisithupha. Isisindo sezinyoni ezinjalo singafinyelela amakhilogremu amabili. Izimpiko ze-merganser zingaphezu kwamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili. Noma kunjalo, lezi yizinkomba ezimaphakathi, ngoba emvelweni kunabantu bezilinganiso ezincane.
Futhi uphawu lwe-mergansers luqhwaku oluncane nolude, olugobile ekugcineni. Ezinhlangothini zomlomo onjalo kungamazinyo amancane. Basiza isilwane ekubambeni futhi sidle izinhlanzi. Lawa madada anentamo ende, okungekho uphawu kwamanye amalungu omndeni. Imilenze ye-mergansers imfushane kunalokho, inebala elibanzi lesikhumba. Umsila uyindilinga, umfishane. Izimpiko zikhonjwe ngesimo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngokungafani namanye amadada, ama-mergansers angavamile ukudliwa. Inyama yalawa madada asendle ingatheleleka ngethiphu, inephunga elingathandeki. I-tapeworm ingakhula emzimbeni womuntu ifike kumamitha ambalwa.
Isici esivelele kunazo zonke kuma-mergansers umbala omangalisayo wezimpaphe. Zonke izinhlobo zalawa madada zidwetshwe ngokuhlanganiswa kombala okungavamile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-merganser enkulu ipendiwe ngombala omnyama, ompunga, omhlophe qwa. Ukubukeka kwe-scaly kudwetshwe ngombala onsundu-omnqumo, obomvu noma onsomi-okwesibhakabhaka. Ngemuva kwalesi silwane kuhlotshiswe ngemicu emnyama nomhlophe, esikhumbuza kakhulu esikalini. IBerganser yaseBrazil inobuqhwaku obomvu obugqamile, umbala omnyama wekhanda nentamo, isibhakabhaka esinsundu ngombala onsundu nesisu esikhanyayo.
Ihlala kuphi i-duck merganser?
Photo: Merganser duck in Russia
Idada le-Merganser lithathwa njenge nyoni efudukayo, kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda indlela yokuphila. Ngokuphila, lezi zinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesifudumele. Ehlobo, ahlala ezwekazini lase-Euro, esifundeni salo esiphakathi. Ama-Mergansers avela lapho ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Bahlala befika cishe okokuqala, lapho nje umgwaqo usuqala ukufudumala. Ebusika, izilwane zishiya indawo yazo ejwayelekile yokugcina - lapho kufika isimo sezulu esibandayo futhi yonke imizimba yamanzi ibamba.
Abathengisi bayathanda ukukhetha izindawo ezisehlathini lapho zakha khona izidleke. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi izidleke zazo zitholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini ngisho nasezintabeni. Umehluko onjalo endaweni yokuhlala uhlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane kanye nokubhaliswa kwe-merganser. Isikhombisi esibalulekile lapho ukhetha indawo yalezi zinyoni ukuba khona kwamanzi eduze komthombo wokudla ngokudla okufanele. Lezi zinyoni zidla izinhlanzi. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yamadada we-merganser yande kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyoni.
Kufaka:
- China Kuphela lezo zindawo lapho kunezinhlanzi eziningi,
- empumalanga nasentshonalanga hemispheres, e-Asia Ephakathi, amachibi eCalifornia, izintaba zaseHimalayan. Ummeleli omkhulu wamadada, i-merganser enkulu, uhlala kulezi zindawo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwezinye izindawo ama-mergansers axazululekile,
- EMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia, Enyakatho yeJapan, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Le yindawo yemvelo yama-scaly mergansers,
- ugu lwaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, e-UK. Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinde,
- izidumbu zamanzi eParaguay, e-Argentina, naseBrazil. Le nsimu ihlalwa izinhlobo ezingandile ze-merganser - zaseBrazil.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi i-duck merganser. Asibone ukuthi idlani le nyoni.
Ngabe idada merganser idlani?
Photo: Duck zasendle Merganser
Uma izinhlobo eziningi zamadada zidla ukudla kwezitshalo noma zinokudla okuxubile, khona-ke ama-mergansers adla kuphela izilwane. Bazondla ngalokho abakuthola ngenkathi bedoba. Lolu hlobo lwedada lungabhekana kalula nezinhlanzi, ubude bawo bufinyelela amasentimitha angamashumi amabili. Basebenza ngobuhlakani ngobuhlakani, futhi bahlukahlukene kakhulu. Inqubo yokudoba iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Okokuqala, amadada athola amakhanda awo ngaphansi kwamanzi, efuna inhlanzi efanelekayo. Ngemuva kwalokho zishona ngokushesha, zibambe izinhlanzi ngemilomo yazo. Ama-Mergansers azizwa emnandi ngaphansi kwamanzi. Bangakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha lapho, baphendukele ebukhali.
Ehlobo, amadada ezingane angazingela yedwa, futhi ngesikhathi sokufuduka acishe aphuma njalo ukuyodoba ngokuhlanganyela. Umbono omuhle kakhulu lo. Izinyoni zikleliswe emgqeni owodwa futhi ngasikhathi sinye zathubeleza ukuphamba. Ukudoba okuhlangene okunjalo kungabala amadada angamakhulu amaningana.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukutholakala kokudla kuyindlela eyinhloko yokukhetha indawo yokuhlala. Ama-Mergansers awazukundizela ezindaweni eziseningizimu impela lapho ebusika, ngaphandle kokuthi amachibi ambozwe ungqimba oluncane lweqhwa endaweni yawo yokudlela futhi angadoba.
Isisekelo sokudla kwama-mergansers asendle, njengoba sekushiwo, inhlanzi. Amadada inyamazane kuma-eels, ama-trout, amaphikili, usalimoni, ama-barbs. Lezi zinhlanzi ziba yisisulu sabantu abakhulu nabadala. Ama-mergansers amancane adla izinhlanzi ezincane. Futhi ama-mergansers awazideleli ezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini. Badla i-shellfish, ama-crustaceans amancane, izinambuzane zasemanzini ezahlukahlukene, kanye nezibungu.
Habitat
I-merganser enkulu iyathandwa ezindaweni ezivulekile ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nezisenyakatho neRussia, i-CIS, neMelika. Ikakhulu kaningi ungahlangana nedada elinjalo emazweni apholile e-Urals, Yamal, Kola Peninsula, Baikal, osebeni lweYenisei, eVilyui, eKolyma Range, Chukotka, Alaska, Quebec naseNewfoundland.
Ezimweni ezinomoya ovunguzayo, ama-mergansers akhetha ukuhlala ngenkathi efudumele. Ngo-Okthoba-Novemba, abantu ngamunye bathuthela emagumbini athule amazwe anelanga - kuya eJapan, eSouthern Europe naseMelika, ogwini lwaseChina naseKorea. Kutholakale amasheya ahleliwe ngasogwini loLwandle lwase-Azov naseKamchatka, lapho amanzi engabangi khona.
Umhlambi wabahlanganisi endizeni
Amadada abuya ngokuphela kukaFebhuwari. Ekhaya, bakhetha izindawo zokuhlala emachibini, imifula enamanzi ahlanzekile, nehlathi-tundra. Ama-Flocks afaka izinhloso eziyishumi kuya kweziyi-20. Ama-Mergansers avame ukundizela ezindaweni zawo ezejwayelekile noma ezikhethiwe ngaphambili.
Owesilisa
IDrakes ishintsha umbala izinkathi ezihlukile zonyaka. Entwasahlobo, izithunzi zikhanya ngangokunokwenzeka ukuheha "abesifazane." Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwehlobo, imibala iyaqaqeka futhi ifane namadada.
Izimpaphe ezingaphezulu komhlane zibonakala zimnyama. Izimpiko zimnyama futhi zimhlophe. Umsila nesisu kuthulisiwe grey. Esifubeni, phansi kwentamo kanye nasendaweni ye-goiter, kukhona izikhala ezimhlophe ezinebala elibomvu noma elibomvu. Ingxenye ephezulu yentamo nekhanda kumnyama nge-sheen eluhlaza okhulunyiwe. Kungahle kube khona namachashazi amancane asayizi grey emilenzeni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kunethashaza elimnyama esiqongweni soqhwaku.
I-Big Merganser Owesilisa nowesifazana emanzini
Incazelo Nezici
Kukhona iningi labamele abazalanayo, ama-mergansers ahlukene ahlala ngobukhulu bamazwe amaningi. Izici zokuhlanganisa yizimpawu zemvelo, umlutha wokudla, uhlobo lokuziphatha nendlela yokuphila. Izici ezijwayelekile zokwakheka ku-waterfowl ziyaqokonyiswa:
- umlomo omude, ubukhulu bawo obudlula isilinganiso phakathi kwezihlobo - kufika ku-50 cm. Kuma-mergansers amaningi, ngesimo se-cylindrical, esifakwe isikhonkwane esinjengesikhonkwane ekugcineni,
- intamo ende
- ekhanda ezinweleni, eyakheke ngendlela ekhethekile,
- ukwakheka komzimba
- amaphiko akhombe
- umsila omfishane oyindilinga,
- imilenze emifushane, uzwane lwasemuva oluxhunywe kulwelwesi olubanzi olunesikhumba.
Ubukhulu bedada buyehluka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobo zabantu obukhulu bawo obungewona ngaphezu kwama-0.7 kg, kepha ama-mergansers avame ukuqhathaniswa namahansi amancane, anesisindo esingama-1.5-2 kg. Ubukhulu obukhulu buheha abazingeli begeyimu abadoba ngaseceleni kwemifula. Izimpiko zabanye abantu zifinyelela kumitha, ubude besiqu bungama-60-65 cm.
Ukwakheka komlomo wezinyoni zezinhlobo ezihlukile kuhlukile. I-Merganser, ekudleni okudla kakhulu okuyisitshalo, inamapuleti akhethekile ahlunga ukudla. Izinhlobo zamadada ezidla njalo ezinhlanzini zifakwe amapuleti aguquliwe emazinyweni amancanyana emaphethelweni oqhwaku lokubamba, ukusika inyamazane.
Isici esiphawuleka sezinyoni okuthiwa "isibuko" - ibala elimhlophe ephikweni ngalinye ledada. Endizeni yomoya, ibonakala kahle ngemuva kwesizinda sempunga. UBeak weMergansers ubomvu okhanyayo. Umbala omangalisayo weplamu ufinyelela ukubonakaliswa kwawo okukhulu kakhulu entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwesizini yokuphelela.
Ikhanda le-maleganser yeduna liba mnyama emnyama, ingaphezulu lentamo limakwe ngotshani ohlaza okotshani. Ingemuva kusuka entanyeni kuya emsileni ishintsha umbala omnyama ube ngumthunzi olula onsundu. Ingxenye engezansi yedada imhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi ine-pinkish tinge.
I-femgganser yowesifazane ihluke kancane kusuka kudringi ngombala we-plumage, ungabona umthunzi obomvu onsundu wentamo, emuva kwephimbo elikhanyayo. Ehlobo nasekwindla, ukugqama kwemibala engutsheni yamadada kuyanyamalala, iplamu liba buthuntu, lingashintshi, lihambisane nenkathi yemvula nebandayo.
Ama-Mergansers ngokuvamile agcinwa ngababili, ahlanganiswe ngamaqembu amancane. Ngobusika kuphela lapho imihlambi eminingi yenziwa, kufaka phakathi izinkulungwane zezinyoni. Izinyoni zonyaka obandayo zichitha kuya ngezimo zezulu.
Zihlala phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika ezifundeni ezinamanzi angenawo amaqhwa, zifudukela emazweni afudumele, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zenzeka ogwini loLwandle lwase-Azov. Ukuze usinde, alethwa ndawonye ngemihlambi emikhulu. Abakwa Mergansers bazulazula emhlabeni ngendlela ejwayelekile “yedada”, besuka kolunye uhlangothi baye kolunye. Emanzini nasekundizeni, bayazethemba futhi bakhululekile, ukubhukuda okuhle neziqhumane.
Izinhlobo eziyisithupha zihlukaniswa ku-genus merganser, ezine zazo ezivamile eRussia:
- omncane, noma okuphanga,
- mkhulu merganser,
- mude (phakathi),
- isikali.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabalingisi baseBrazil nabaseBrithani bahlala e-United States naseBrazil. Uhlobo lwe-Auckland Merganser seluphelile. Idada lalihlala eNew Zealand waze walethwa lapho izingulube zasendle nezimbuzi. Njengamanje, izinyoni ezigxile kuphela ezingabonakala eminyuziyamu yendawo.
I-Merganser encane (ukuphanga). Encane ngosayizi, yehliselwa izihlobo ngosayizi. Isisindo singama-50-700 g kuphela, abantu ngamunye anesisindo esingu-800- 900 g awatholakali kakhulu. Umhlobiso wezinyoni - i-crest ebanzi emuva kwekhanda.
Izindawo ezingama-Nesting zitholakala esifundeni sehlathi seSiberia, iKarelia, iFar East, ingxenye yaseYurophu neRussia. Amadada akhetha izindawo eziseduzane nemifula emikhulu, amachibi asezikhukhuleni anamanzi amasha.
Ebusika, avela ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama nolweCaspian, emazweni aseCentral Asia, Japan nase China. Izinyoni ezihleliwe zihlala onqenqemeni lweqhwa, emanzini angajulile eqhweni.
Ingubo yokuhlobisa yabesilisa iyamangaza ngenhlanganisela enkulu yombala omhlophe-omhlophe ngephethini emnyama, umbala ogqamile ezinhlangothini. Uqhwaku, izihlakala zomthunzi wokuhola. Kukhona amabala amnyama ngaphansi kwamehlo. Izambatho zezinsikazi zingama-grey amabhulukwe anezigqoko ezinombala onsundu emakhanda awo.
Ukunxenxa ama-mergansers amancane aqala ngesikhathi sasebusika, andiza izidleke ngamabili amisiwe. Izinyoni zidla izidleke ezishiywe ezinye izinyoni. Ubunakekeli abesilisa bamadada abo buhlala kuze kubekwe iqanda lokugcina, bese indiza iye mol mol. Abesifazane kwesinye isikhathi hatch hhayi kuphela inzalo yabo, kodwa futhi amaqanda of gogol ahlobene.
I-Merganser. Idada ezindaweni zokuhlala livame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-cormorant, inyathi ebomvu. E-Russia, i-waterfowl itholakala emifuleni eyisicaba, amachibi avulekile kumaSouthern Urals, Altai, Sakhalin naseKamchatka.
Prefers amanzi amasha, igwema ugu lolwandle. Igama lezinhlobo ligcizelela ubukhulu obukhulu bekadada - ngaphezu kwe-2 kg. Isici esihlukile sabesilisa ukungabikho kwe-crest.
Ikhanda elimnyama, intamo yedrake nge-metallic tint ebabazekayo. Izinhlangothi, isisu, nengxenye yamaphiko kumhlophe. Abesifazane, ngokungafani nodrawu, banamakhanda abomvu. Phakathi kwama-mergansers amakhulu, ama-subspecies amathathu ahlukaniswa: okwejwayelekile, eNyakatho Melika, eHimalayan. Ababili bokuqala batholakala ezweni lethu.
I-merganser emide (emide). Uhlobo lwenyoni efudukayo engahlali iphila impilo yokuhlala. I-Merganser esatshalaliswa kabanzi emazweni aseYurophu, ezifundazweni zaseBaltic, esifundeni senhlonhlo saseScandinavia.
Kutholakala eRussia endaweni eseSiberia, esiQhingini Solovetsky, eKarelia, e-Urals. I-Merganser ithanda uqa lolwandle, amachibi e-tundra, amasayithi esiqhingi. Ukubhukuda okukhulu kanye nokwehluka. Ubende olunamakhanda amnyama lupendiwe ngamathoni amnyama grey ngephiko elimhlophe, umucu odlula eceleni kwezinhlangothi zenyoni.
Kukhona ukuwa kabili ngemuva kwekhanda. Izinsikazi zinsundu ngombala onsundu, ezinokushintshashintsha okungafani kokukhanya kwamathoni akhanyayo namnyama. Ama-mergansers aphakathi nendawo ahlukile komakhelwane bawo emshadweni ocebile womshado ngokucwiliswa kwekhanda emanzini, ukugoqa, amaphiko okushaya.
IScaly Merganser. Inyoni eyinqaba ihola impilo ehleli ogwini loLwandle iBering, itholakala emifuleni yezintaba eChina, Manchuria. Duck ukhetha izindawo ezigcwele izinhlanzi, zizungezwe amahlathi anobuhlakani futhi aqinile. Ukuqubuka okuphawulekayo kwezimpaphe ezingcolile isikhathi eside kunaleso sihlanganiswa ngokuhlangana.
Ingxenye emnyama yombala ine-tint yomnqumo, nokukhanya - nge-tint ebomvu. Igama lihambisana nokushintshwa ngemuva kwemivimbo emhlophe grey, kusuka kude kufana nezikali. Encwadini Ebomvu, i-scaly merganser ikhonjiswa ngesimo se- "zilwane ezisengozini". Inani elincane labantu alidluli ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5.
I-Brazil Merganser. Faka umbala grey, umlotha, inhloko, intamo, emuva komthunzi omnyama. Ukudonswa kukhulu kunensikazi. Babamba umhlaba ngokuzethemba, kepha bondla kuphela lokho abakuthola emanzini. Izinyoni ezincane zisagcinwa epaki yezwe laseBrazil, zisondele ukuqothuka. Isibalo sonke singaphansi kwezinyoni ezingama-260 zalolu hlobo.
ICrested Merganser. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukudidanisa lolu hlobo nezinye izihlobo, kuyinto yasekuqaleni kakhulu. I-crest ebanzi kakhulu ikhuphuka ekhanda lenyoni, evula ngokwengeziwe ngesikhathi samanje. Emadodeni, umbala womhlobiso umnyama nomhlophe, kuthi kwabesifazane kube nsundu. Ungabona udada oyingqayizivele eNyakatho Melika ngasogwini lwamachibi amahlathi, imifula ephansi.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ezivumela abahlanganisi ukuthi balondoloze indawo ebanzi, baholele indlela yokuphila nefudukayo. Ungahlangana namadada eNyakatho Melika, endaweni eseCentral, eNyakatho ye-Eshiya.
Entwasahlobo, ama-mergansers afika nezindawo zokuqala ezinqunyiwe, ngokushesha lapho kwakhiwa umhlonyane wokuqala - ngoFebhuwari, ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Fly away lapho amachibi embozwe ngokuphelele yiqhwa, ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, Novemba. Imihlambi yezikhulu evela kumakhulu abantu idinga amandla nokukhuthazela kwezinyoni. Uma ubusika lugcinwa lufudumele, amachibi awagcini iqhwa, khona-ke izinyoni ngeke zishiye izindawo ezidlekayo.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-mergansers zibhukuda ngokuphelele, dive. Izinyoni zihlala ogwini lolwandle echibini ukucasha ezindaweni eziluhlaza zasolwandle uma kunengozi. Zidlela izinhlanzi ezincane, zizidonsela emva kwazo kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-4.
Ngaphansi kwamanzi, amadada angabamba imizuzu emi-3, abhukude ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10 Ekuzingeleni okujwayelekile, i-merganser yokubamba inhlanzi eyodwa ithatha imizuzwana engu-15-30. Izinyoni zihamba ngokushesha, ziphenduke zibukhali, zibonisa ukuhamba kahle kakhulu.
Izinhlobo eziningi zamadada zithanda amanzi amasha avela kumachibi nemifula. Amachibi ase-Inland merganser abakhethelwa inhlanzeko, inala yokudla. Izinyoni zidinga ogwini olunamahlathi ukuze zidleke, njengoba abahlanganisi bavame ukukhetha izimbobo ezindala, izidleke ezishiywe zezinye izinyoni.
Lapho uhlela izinyoni, indawo ibalulekile ekuthatheni okungahambisani, ngakho-ke i-merganser enkulu ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo, ezansi kwamafuba. Uhlobo lwe-merganser olude olunamakhala luhlala ogwini lolwandle. Ezindaweni ezinesiqhingi, amadada agcinwa eduze kwezindawo ezinamadwala lapho ungaphephela khona engozini.
Hlanganisa isikhathi sezinyoni. Imihlambi emikhulu ibuthana, njengomthetho, eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi amashumi amaningana abantu. Inyoni ye-Merganser, ezinye izinhlobo zazo ezibhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia. Njengoba sinezinombolo eziqinile zama-mergansers amakhulu namade, ukuzingela kwawo kuvunyelwe yonke indawo entwasahlobo.
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokudla kwama-mergansers ukudla kwezilwane. Ukuzingela amadada kuseshwa izinhlanzi, ezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini. Izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-salmon zokuvuna ze-merganser, i-pike, i-trout, i-roach, i-barbus, i-grey. Abantu abancane badla izinhlanzi ezincane.
Unqenqemeni lwesigaxa sikaqhwaku lwamadada lugobe kancane ngaphakathi. Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe amanzi, ugcine kahle ukukhiqizwa. IMerganser ibekezelela kalula i-pike, i-eel efinyelela ku-20 cm ubude.
Zifuna inyamazane, amadada agibela emakhanda. Ngokushesha lapho kuvela isikole sezinhlanzi, i-merganser dives, ngokushesha iqonde kulitshe. Ukuzingela okuphumelelayo kugcina ngokudoba, osayizi bawo angama-15-25 cm. Ezinye izakhamizi zezidumbu zamanzi nazo ziba ukudla kwabahlanganisi:
- izinambuzane zamanzi
- ama-mollusks
- izibungu, ipupae,
- crustaceans
- izibungu.
Isici se-mergansers ukunamathiselwa kokudla kubantu abahlala emanzini, yize izinyoni zizizwa ziqiniseka, isidleke emhlabeni, emigodini yezitshalo. Ebusika, amadada ahlangana onqenqemeni lolwandle, adle emanzini angajulile ngokuphila kwasolwandle, i-herring, imifino yasemanzini, futhi athole izimbaza kanye nama-crustaceans amancane phakathi kwe-algae.
Umlutha wenhlanzi uthinta iphunga elithile lenyama yedada. Abanye abazingeli bakholelwa ukuthi i-merganser njengomdlalo ayikufanele ukudla. Amadada aqala ukuzitholela ukudla ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zobudala.
Ama-tickers enza amakhono okuzingela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadada kamama. Merganser esithombeni ngesikhathi sokuzingela kuba nokubukeka okuhlekisayo lapho kungabonakali ngemuva kuphela kwesidumbu sedada ebusweni bethala.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ukukhethwa kwebhangqa ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokudlela kuqala noma ngaphambi kokubalekela endaweni yokuhlala. Inqubo yokudonsisana kwezithandani igcwele amasiko amangalisayo - ukudansa emanzini. Owesilisa ubhukuda phambi kwalowo okhethiwe, ucindezela isifuba sakhe emanzini, anikine ikhanda ngamandla. Ngokushaya kwamaphiko okukhulu, kuqhuma ebusweni, kuphakama cishe ngokuqondile ukuheha ukunakwa kowesifazane. Ukunyakaza kuhambisana nemisindo ephakeme.
Umbhangqwana okhona ukhetha indawo yokwakha isidleke. Iqhaza eliholayo ekusesheni lidlalwa ngowesifazane, naye uhlomisa isidleke. Izinyoni zithola indawo efanelekile emgodini wakudala we-aspen, i-alder, umcamelo, indlu eshiyiwe, emaphethelweni esihle. Izinto zokwakha - amahlumela, amaqabunga, izimpaphe. Owesifazane ngokuhlelwa kwesidleke unikela nange-fluff ebeleni lakhe.
IClutch ifaka amaqanda ayi-12-16. Ngesinye isikhathi kunezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zezinyoni ezinkulu ezinamaqanda angafika kwangama-40. Isikhathi sokufakwa ekufukweni sifinyelela enyangeni eyodwa. Amacembe esilisa, awabambi iqhaza kule nqubo. Ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, imvuthuluka, esevele isivele, inonina esidlekeni esifudumele izinsuku ezingekho ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezimbili.
Bese kuthi kusukela ekuphumeni kokuqala balandele ichibi, babhukude futhi bazame ukungena emanzini. Ukuzingela izingane ekuqaleni kuqukethe ukubamba izinambuzane emanzini angajulile, kodwa ngesonto amachwane edada we-merganser qala ukuzingela gazinga, uthole isivinini sokunyakaza. Zihamba ngamakholomu, ngokuvumelanayo, selibonile inyamazane, zizama amabutho ekubambeni umkhonto.
Amantshontsho adinga isikhathi esithe xaxa ukuthola iphiko. Okungenani izinyanga ezimbili kusukela azalwe, amaphuphu alungiselela indiza yokuqala, futhi ukukhula okuncane kuzimela ngokuphelele ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu. Izinhlobo ezifudukayo ekwakhiweni kwamasu endiza zincane ngaphambi kwezihlobo ezixazululiwe. Ama-mergansers amasha avuthwa ngokocansi eminyakeni emibili kuphela.
Isikhathi sonke sokuphila kwamadada merganser cishe siyiminyaka eyi-15. Izinhlobo ze-Sedentary ziphila isikhathi eside kunalezo ezifudukayo. Ukuhlala ekudingisweni endaweni evikelekile kwandisa isikhathi sezinyoni ngeminyaka engu-3-5.
Amadada ahlanganisiwe awathandeki kuphela kuma-ornithologists nakubazingeli. Wonke umuntu othanda izilwane zasendle uyakujabulela ukuhlangana nale nyoni evelelayo ehlobisa amachibi ethu namahlathi.
I-Merganser
I-Merganser ijwayelekile kuwo womabili amaNtshonalanga namaHemispheres. ENyakatho Nenkabazwe, indawo okuyo indawo yamahlathi-tundra, i-Eastern Siberia; kunemihlambi emincane e-Alps, e-Iceland. Amadada akhethe ingxenye esenyakatho nasempumalanga yeChina, iSikhote-Alin massif. ENyakatho Nenkabazwe, inani elikhulu labantu lihlala eningizimu yeNyakatho Melika nasenyakatho Melika.
Izinyoni zihlala nemizimba yamanzi ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga nezasentshonalanga zamazwekazi. Abanye abantu bafuduka. Ukusuka e-tundra naseSiberia, bathuthela eChina. Ukusuka e-Iceland bandiza baye ogwini lweCaspian kanye nolwandle Olumnyama. Amadada aseMelika ahlala phansi.
Idada le-Merganser - inyoni enkulu. Kukhulu kune-mallard ngosayizi nesisindo. Ubude bomzimba wedreyini bungama-66 cm, kowesifazane angama-cm angama-58. Isisindo sowesilisa omdala singama-2,8 kg. Abesifazane bancane. Izisindo zomzimba wazo zilinganiselwa ku-1 kg. Amadrako aqhamuka kwabesifazane ahlukile hhayi ngobukhulu obukhulu, kepha futhi nanjengelamibala elimibalabala:
- ikhanda labantu liphezulu kakhulu. Kuma-drakes, i-plumage ekhanda imnyama ngama-grey and green green. Ngasemuva lekhanda kukhona izimpaphe ezimise okwenaliti, ezimpunga eziqondile zombala wesifuba,
- izimpaphe emahlombe zimnyama. Umzimba wonke umpunga noma umpunga. I-plumage esifubeni ibala i-pink
- isibuko emaphikweni sakhiwa izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinomngcele omnyama,
- izintokazi zinesembozo esinsundu. Ama-Drak afane. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalela, izinyoni zithola ushintsho lwensipho,
- i-merganser enkulu inomlomo omude ngombala obomvu. Amazinyo asemaphethelweni agobile ngaphakathi. Lokhu kungenxa yomsoco wamadada. Bayadoba. Azidingi ama-cogs hhayi ukukhipha amanzi kuwo, kodwa futhi ukuze kugcinwe inyamazane ebanjiwe,
- Izinyoni zibamba izinhlanzi zasemfuleni zasendaweni. Emlonyeni wazo ziyakwazi ukubamba inyosi, i-eel efinyelela ku-20 cm, usalimoni omncane, i-herring,
- Ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, izinambuzane echibini ziya ekudleni,
- izinsikazi zikhula zineminyaka emi-2. Ukuthomba kwabesilisa kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni emi-3. Izidleke zezinyoni zakhiwa ogwini, kude nendawo.
Ifomu lamabili ezinyoni ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Benza izindiza ngemindeni eseyakhiwe kakade. Amadada avela emizimbeni yamanzi lapho kuvela umhlonyane wokuqala kuzo. Abesilisa baqala ukunakekela izintombi zabo.
Zishaya amaphiko, zidlala ngentamo ende, zigijime ngokushesha ezungeze izinsikazi emanzini, ziphakamise imithombo yokufafaza ngamaphiko azo. Njengomthetho, izinsikazi ngemuva kwemidanso enjalo zibhukuda kubalingani bazo, zelule izintamo zazo ohlangothini lwazo, zenze imisindo ethile.
Ngemuva kokuphola, izinsikazi zindizela ehlathini. Ezihlahleni bafuna umgodi ongasetshenziswa ekwakheni isidleke. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zikhetha imigodi ezintabeni noma emiseleni ephakeme. Isidleke kufanele sibe sikhulu ukuze idada namachwane alo angene kuwo. Izihlahla zikhethwa zide, futhi izindunduma ziwugqinsi ukuze izilwane nezinyamazane zingakwazi ukufinyelela emndenini wezinyoni.
Insikazi imboza isidleke ngensimbi yefluff ewugqinsi esifubeni sayo. Inkukhu ayisetshenziselwa utshani namagatsha. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda ayi-10-12. Isikhathi sokubopha siyizinsuku ezingama-32. Izinsuku ezingama-2-4, amaphuphu ahlala esidlekeni. Umama ubondla nge-Earthworms nezinambuzane.
Ngemuva kwalokho, bagxuma baphume esidlekeni ngaphansi kokulawulwa kukadayi. Umndeni uya endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Lapha amabala abo ahlangana. Abazali bafundisa inzalo ukudoba ndawonye. Amantshontsho aqala ukundiza ngemuva kokushintsha i-fluff ibe nguyisi. Lokhu kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-2.
Emvelweni kukhona idada elibizwa nge-Little Merganser noma iLoot. Isisindo sowesilisa asidluli kuma-900 g, insikazi ingama-500 g. Owesilisa upende ngamathoni amnyama namhlophe. I-Chub yakha izimpaphe ezinde ezimhlophe. Owesifazane ungwevu, onekhanda elibomvu ekhanda lakhe. Ukucwaninga okuningiliziwe komuntu ngamunye kuvumela ama-ornithologists ukuthi akhulume ngokuphanga njengezinhlobo zezinyoni ezihlukile. Lolu uhlobo lwentambo lwamadada. Kuhlanganisa izinkomba zombili ze-gogol ne-merganser.
I-Merganser
Idada elikhulu, kodwa elingaphansi kwe-merganser enkulu. Isisindo sedrake yi-1.5 kg, insikazi ingu-1,3 kg. Ubude bomzimba bufika kuma-65 cm. I-merganser ephakathi ihlukile hhayi ngesisindo nosayizi kuphela kokukhulu, kodwa futhi nombala we-plumage:
- ikhanda likadrako lincane, liphakeme. Izimpaphe zigcwele mnyama ngombala oluhlaza
- intamo yinde. Ikhala elibanzi elimhlophe liqhamile kulo,
- kusuka kukhola emahlombe nasemhlane kukhona umucu omnyama. Umsila wakhiwa izimpaphe ezimfishane kodwa ezibanzi zomthunzi omnyama,
- isifuba se-pectoral Drake kanye nezinhlangothi. Isifuba sipinki
- esiswini kunamabala amahle amhlophe,
- izintokazi ezibomvu ngokubomvu. Abesilisa bathola i-plumage efanayo ngemuva kokuncibilika kwentwasahlobo. I-Autumn duck merganser ishintsha izimpaphe. UDrakes uphinde athole umbala ogqamile, ohlala unabo kuze kube isizini entsha yokukhwelana.
Izinyoni zinomlomo omude futhi omncane. Emhlathini ongenhla kunamazinyo ayi-18 agobile: i-merganser enkulu ine-14 yayo. Beak kanye ne-metatarsus yombala obomvu okhanyayo. Amadada athela izilwane kuphela. Kuyajabulisa ukubona ukuzingela kwezinyoni. Babeka amakhanda abo emanzini, isikhathi eside bafuna inyamazane. Lapho zibona izinhlanzi, zigxila kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi bese ziphuma masinyane ngokuhlaselwa ngemilomo yazo.
Lolu hlobo lwamadada luhlala endaweni efanayo nabafowabo abakhulu, emazweni aseYurophu, emazweni aseMelika. Izinsikazi zakha izidleke emigodini nasemifantwini yamatshe. Kuyaqabukela ukubona isidleke ebusweni bomhlaba. IClutch iqukethe amaqanda ayi-18. Isikhathi sokufuduka siyizinsuku ezingama-30 ukuya ku-32. Amadada kumele afundiswe ukubhukuda.
Amakhono abo akhiwa ngosuku lwe-7-10. Ukukhula okuncane kuba namaphiko ezinyangeni ezingama-2,5. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu bahlukana nabazali babo futhi bakhe umhlambi wabo. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, imindeni yezinyoni namasheya amancane ahlanganiswa. Amadada andizela emhlambini owodwa, akha i-jamb ende emoyeni.
IScaly Merganser
IScaly Merganser ayisithandi isimo sezulu esishisayo. Indawo ehlala kuyo iNgxenye Ekude nasenyakatho-nasempumalanga yeChina. Inyoni iyafuduka. Ufuduka ngemihlambi emikhulu aye eningizimu yeChina, ahlala ogwini loLwandle lwase-Yellow kanye nase-East China.
Sekukonke, ama-ornithologists abiza cishe ngamawaka ayizinkulungwane ezimbili lolu hlobo lwenyoni. Ukubuka kusondele ekuqothulweni. Muva nje, inani labantu belinciphile. Isizathu salokhu ngumsebenzi womuntu. Amahlathi agawulwa, lapho abantu bahlela khona izidleke. Ezinye izinyoni zibanjwa ngamanetha okudoba. Umonakalo omkhulu ngomhlambi we-scaly merganser wenziwa ngabazingeli:
Abesilisa
I-plumage yeduna ngesikhathi sokuzala imnyama ngokukhanya kwensimbi ngombala oluhlaza ekhanda nasentanyeni. Ikhanda lekhanda alikhulunywanga. Umsila namazipho aluhlaza grey, izindawo ezisele zipendwe zimhlophe nge-pinkish tinge. Isibuko esikhulu esimhlophe sigcina cishe lonke iphiko, ngaphandle komngcele omnyama ozinqenqemeni.
Indawo
IGreater merganser ihlala ikakhulu ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane enyakatho nasempumalanga yezwe, kufaka neNhlonhlo yeKola, esifundeni sase-Altai, eTransbaikalia nase-Urals. Ithanda imifula namachibi athule emahlathini asenyakatho ne-taiga namahlathi e-tundra. Kusho izinyoni ezifudukayo.Kuthuthelwa ekushiseni kwemithambo ebusika. Ezindaweni ezidlekelwa kuyo ubusika, liyakwazi ukwakha imihlambi emikhulu.
WaseBrazil
Ukubhaliswa kwaseBrazil kuncane ngosayizi kune-merganser ephakathi, noma kunjalo, kuyafana ngombala we-feather. Unekhanda nentambo emnyama futhi eluhlaza okotshani, umlomo omfishane obomvu nokuqina okude. I-plumage yaphezulu kwesihlahlo imnyama ngemithunzi eluhlaza okotshani, phansi kungwephuzi, kuxutshwe namabala amhlophe namdaka.
Ubude beBrazil buyehluka phakathi kuka-0.5-0,55 m, isisindo ukusuka ku-0.6 kuya ku-0.7 kg.
Ubude be-merganser yaseBrazil buyehluka kusuka ku-0.5-0,55 m
Izici kanye nendawo yokuhlala duck merganser
I-Merganser – idada, ujabule futhi ujwayelekile kuwo wonke umzingeli waseYurophu. Kuvuliwe isithombe merganser uvame ukubukeka edangele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inyoni iyi-diver enhle kakhulu, iyathanda ukutshuza futhi ikwenza njalo, ukuya kumamitha ayi-2 kuya kwayi-4, kungakhathalekile ukuthi i-merganser idinga inhlanzi okwamanje noma cha.
Izici zalawa madada zifaka uqhwaku - olude, olucwebezelayo, olugobile, olugobile kancane luqonde emaphethelweni futhi luhlotshiswe ngamazinyo abukhali emaphethelweni angaphakathi, esiza izinyoni ukudoba.
Zibuye zibe nomzimba ophakathi nendawo, ngokwesilinganiso kufika ku-57-59 cm ubude nentamo ende. Amaphiko walezi amadada angafinyelela ku-70-88 cm, futhi isisindo sawo sisuka ku-1200 kuya ku-2480 amagremu, okwenza izinyoni zaba ngenye yezinto ezidumile kakhulu ekuzingeleni.
Ngokuqondene nombala weplamu, izinsikazi, njengazo zonke ezinye izinyoni, zincanyana futhi zinezimbotshana, zingwevu ngokungabonakali amabala ansundu. Kepha amadrikhi ahlukile, akhombisa ubumnandi obukhazimulayo bezimpaphe ekhanda, okhakhayini omnyama, imivimbo emhlophe ngamaphiko nomthunzi omnyama onsundu wezimpaphe ngemuva, kwezinye izinhlobo kukhona nomphimbo omhlophe nomphimbo.
Izinyoni ezinjalo, ngisho nokuntywila njalo, kunzima ukungaphuthelwa phezu kwamanzi. Phila amadada akhasa, ikakhulukazi kumachibi anamanzi acwebile, lapho iningi lawo lenziwa khona isithombe, kodwa futhi hhayi ukuthi kuyaphikisana nokuxazulula emfuleni onamandla amancane, futhi abanye bazinza ngokuthula emikhondweni yasolwandle, uma bengenawo amaza anamandla.
Ungahlangana nale nyoni kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, kunoma iyiphi i-hemisphere kanye nesimo sezulu, nakwamanye amazwe, isibonelo, Japan, ukuzingela kwe-merganser kuvinjelwe kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi izinyoni ngokwazo zivikelwe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqashelwa komhlaba wonke ngamanani awo amancane.
Ukuvuthwa Nezici Zokuchuma
Idada lifinyelela ekukhuleni cishe ngeminyaka emi-2. Ngesikhathi sokuthandana, owesilisa uhlala ebhukuda lowesifazane, ecindezela isifuba sakhe emanzini. Ukuheha ukunaka kothandekayo wakhe, kufanele aphakamise umzimba wakhe kakhulu ngaphezu kwamanzi, avule amaphiko akhe, bese ethatha i-classic pose, enze umsindo omkhulu. Imidlalo enjalo evela ngaphandle ibukeka imangalisa. By way, ngesinye isikhathi lezi yizikhathi lapho izivakashi zibamba ezithombeni nakumavidiyo.
Imvamisa, idada ku-clutch eyodwa lingaletha amaqanda angaba ngu-12 esidlekeni futhi liwabambe cishe inyanga eyodwa. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, amadada asendaweni efudumele isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili. Zibhuqa ngokushesha bese kuthi lapho ziphuma kuqala zilandele umama wazo ziye emanzini futhi zizame nokuntywila. Isonto lokuqala, izingane zidla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane eziphezu kwamanzi, kepha ngemuva kwesonto ziqala ukubamba i-fry, zihamba phezu kwamanzi, cishe njengomuntu omdala.
Cishe ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3, amadada aqala ukundiza ngokugcwele, kepha uma amadada ehlala phansi, amadada azokundiza lapho efika eminyakeni yobudala bezinsuku ezingama-80, bese ezifudukayo emva kweminyaka engama-50.
Okubalulekile: ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, idada lisinda liye kufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15, ngokuphila kokuhlala phansi, leli gama lingafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-17.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Merganser duck emvelweni
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-merganser ziphila impilo yokufuduka. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, zihlala ezindaweni ezakha izidleke, ezitholakala ikakhulu maphakathi neYurophu, futhi ezindiza ziye esifundeni eseningizimu ebusika. Noma kunjalo, ebusika, izinyoni ezindiza kuphela phakathi noma ekugcineni ekwindla, lapho imizimba yamanzi iqala ukumbozwa yiqhwa. Bafika ekuseni kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo zezindawo abahlala kuzo zemvelo, bangabonakala ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Ngaseningizimu, lezi zinyoni zindiza emihlambini emikhulu, bese zibuyela ngamaqembu amancane, inani labantu ezingadluli kumashumi amabili.
Endaweni yamakha amadada ahlanganisiwe betha phambili izidingo ezithile. Bancamela ukwakha “izindlu” zabo ezintabeni noma emahlathini, kude nabantu. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi izidleke zalezi zinyoni zitholakala kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba. Okunye okudingekayo ukuba khona kwichibi noma echibini eliseduzane elinamanzi acacile nezinhlanzi eziningi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba amadada achitha cishe usuku lwawo lonke phezu kwamanzi. Lapho, bayaphumula, babhake elangeni futhi bazingele izinhlanzi, ezakha isisekelo sokudla kwansuku zonke.
Ngokwemvelo, la madada awahlukaniswa yisimo somusa nenhliziyo enhle kakhulu. Ziyizinyoni ezingathi sína, zihlala zihlangana nezinye izilwane nabantu. Kodwa-ke, emazweni amaningi basazama ukufuya lezi zinyoni zasendle ngokubanika isinkwa. Idada le-Merganser - umndeni. Uchitha isikhathi esiningi enzala yakhe, emnakekela kahle. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, le nyoni izokwazi ukuphindisela umuntu okonile, onqume ukudla amadada amancane noma abekele amaqanda.
Character nendlela yokuphila duck merganser
I-Merganser – inyoni ukufuduka, izidleke zalawa madada zimboza zonke izindawo zamahlathi ngemifula namachibi asemgqeni ophakathi nendawo. Kusukela eNtshonalanga Yurophu kuze kube sekupheleni kweHimalaya naseMpumalanga Ekude, futhi lapha bahlala khona ubusika ogwini lwe-Atlantic, uLwandlekazi iPacific, eningizimu yeChina, ogwini loLwandle iMedithera, noma kuphi lapho kukhona ukushisa nalapho kunenhlanzi khona.
Entwasahlobo, izinyoni ezindiza phakathi kokuqala, ngokoqobo ngokushesha, ngokushesha lapho ifomu lezibungu, okungukuthi, ukusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ngokuqondene nohlobo lwezinyoni, zingathi sína, amadada omndeni, akwaziyo ukuxosha umhlaseli omkhulu kangako, onqume ukudla amaqanda awo noma amaphuphu amancane. Ukuhamba kwe-Autumn kokuqala ubusika kuqale sekwephuzile, kanye nokubandwa kwamanzi, okusho ukuthi, ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba.
Izinhlobo zedada Merganser
Kwakukhona ezinye izinkinga ngokuhlukaniswa kwalawa madada ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, kanti izinhlobo ezimbili, iLotot ne-American Crested, zabelwa eminye imindeni. Ngakho-ke, ezinhlotsheni eziyisikhombisa ze-merganser, zisihlanu kuphela ezasala, enye yazo - i-Auckland - akukaze kuhlangatshezwane nayo kusukela ngo-1902 futhi kubhekwe ukuthi inyamalale ngokusemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezine kuphela ezisele. merganseraqoshwe kuyo Incwadi ebomvu.
- I-Merganser
Lokhu kungummeleli omkhulu walawa amadada, afana ne-goose encane. AmaDrake anemibala egqamile, futhi ayaphoqwa amabele amhlophe qhwa kanye nomsila. Isiza esidlekayo sihlanganisa wonke umucu ophakathi nendawo, empumalanga nasentshonalanga, ubusika bezinyoni ezindaweni ezihlala eningizimu, kodwa kwezinye izindawo zaseCentral Asia, emachibi wezintaba eziseHimalayan nasezindaweni zamachibi aseCalifornia, ama-mergansers amakhulu ahlala ahlala, angahambi endizeni.
Izithombe ezinkulu merganser
- IScaly Merganser
Lesi yizinhlobo ezindala kakhulu nezihle kakhulu zomndeni wonke walawa madada. Ingxenye ye-tola yakhe ifana nomdwebo weleyisi ophundayo, noma izikali. Kungenxa yalesi sici sokubukeka lapho idada lithola igama laso.
Amadoda amahle la ahlala e-East kuphela, izidleke zenzeka e-Far East eRussia nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho ne-China, enyakatho neJapan, kanti ziyandiza ziye ebusika emanzini afudumele aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Ukuncipha okusheshayo nokuqashile kunazo zonke izixuku zabantu be-mergansers. Ukwehla kwenani lalezi zinyoni kwenzeka ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okuphula umthetho wemvelo neminye imisebenzi yabantu.
Esithombeni duck flake merganser
- I-Merganser
Noma, ngokwesilinganiso merganser. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezidumile zalawa madada. Le nyoni imaphakathi ngempela, isisindo sayo cishe singamakhilogremu elilodwa nesigamu, futhi ubude buyehluka phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-48-58. Kepha amakhethini ala madada anokuningi - 18-20, ngokungafani ne-merganser enkulu, enamazinyo ayi-12-16 kuphela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uqhwaku lwe-merganser esejwayelekile lude.
Esizeni esidlekayo salezi zinyoni zingatholakala kuyo yonke indawo, kusukela e-tundra kuya endaweni eyihlathi, lapho kuzoba khona ama-hemispheres womabili. Ngokweqile, bandizela ezindlini ezifudumele ezisenyakatho nezifunda, kodwa emaphethelweni ezinqolobane eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kufaka iGreat Britain, bahlala unyaka wonke, bahlala.
Ngenkathi abaculi beNkathi Ephakathi, nangemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngokwesibonelo, ngekhulu le-19, babonisa izigcawu zokuzingela amadada - lezi kwakuyizigcawu zokuzingela ngokuqondile kwabahlanganisi abade. Namuhla awukwazi ukuzingela lezi zinyoni.
I-Merganser emide enama-Chick
- I-Brazil Merganser
Izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu nezingandile. Ihlala kuphela e-Western Hemisphere, uma ifiswa futhi ibekezelela la madada angabonakala emizimbeni yamanzi eParaguay, eBrazil naseArgentina.
Ngokwazi kwe-ornithologists, inani labantu alinakudlula izinyoni ezingama-300-350, ezingama-250 zazo zinamaphiko, futhi ezingama-200 zihlala unomphela esigodlweni esikhulu saseSierra da Canastra eBrazil. Ukulawulwa kwenombolo nempilo yalawa madada kuye kwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ngo-2013.
Okuncane kunazo zonke i-mergansers - isisindo sezinyoni kusuka ku-550 kuya ku-700 amagremu, ubude buhambelana nesisindo. Ngaphezu kosayizi, le nhlobo ihlukaniswa uthando lokuhamba emhlabeni, la madada ahlala ngababili, futhi akhetha ukuhlala esidlekeni esibanzi sezihlahla ezinde. Kodwa-ke, bondla ngendlela efanayo nezihlobo zabo, kuphela ukuthi bazithola bedoba.
Esithombeni, inyoni yaseBrazil ye-merganser
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Merganser duck amaphuphu
Idada le-Merganser isilwane somndeni. Lapho befika ebusheni, bahlanganiswa ngababili. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka cishe ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila okunemibala. Imibhangqwana yamadada ibeka izidleke zayo otshanini obude kakhulu, emifantwini, ezindlini ezishiywe dengwane, emigodini yezihlahla. Kwesinye isikhathi izidleke ze-mergansers zitholakala ngisho naseziseleni ezigugile zezimoto. Amadada abeka izidleke zawo ngaphambi kwekhilomitha elilodwa ukusuka endaweni yokugcina amanzi ukuze akwazi ukusheshe afike emanzini futhi adle.
Bazishaye izidleke zabo ku-fluff. Amaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nesishiyagalombili abekwe kuwo. Amadada kufanele aqandeke amaqanda cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amane. Kwenze kuphela abesifazane. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bahlala ngokwehlukana nomndeni wabo. Le nkathi ibalwa okwesikhashana sokuncibilika kwabo. Owesifazane akavamile ukushiya isidleke. Ukuzingela nje nokudla. Isikhathi sonke, ufaka amaphuphu akhe esikhathi esizayo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Endle, ama-mergansers angaphila iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Izinhlobo ezihola indlela yokuphila ehleliwe ziphila isikhathi eside - cishe iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa.
Amathanga aqala phansi. Akhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Bachitha izinsuku ezimbalwa esidlekeni, ngemuva kwalokho baya nonina emanzini. Kakade ngosuku lwesine noma lwesihlanu ngemuva kokuzalwa, amadada amancane enza ukubhukuda kwawo kokuqala. Ngosuku lweshumi nambili, amadada angaqala ukudoba ngokuzimela. Bafuna futhi babambe izinhlanzi ezincane, gazinga. Ukuze ufunde ukundiza, amadada adinga isikhathi esithe xaxa. Imvamisa, kudlula izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu ngaphambi kwendiza yokuqala.
Ukukhiqiza
I-Big Merganser ithola isisindo ngokushesha. Umuntu ngamunye ufinyelela inani eliphakeme lamafutha ngasekupheleni kwekwindla. Amaphesenti wamafutha kumadada anjalo aphezulu. Inyama ayinawo iphunga nokunambitheka okungathandeki kakhulu ngenxa yezimpawu zokudla okunempilo. Isisindo se-carcass siyehluka kusuka ku-900 g kuya ku-2.2 kg.
Idada likhiqiza amaqanda ayi-8 ukuya kwangu-13 ngokubekwa. Ekhaya, ukugqokwa kungakhuphuka kancane ngenxa yokuphakelwa njalo. Amaqanda amhlophe akhilimu amhlophe, amakhulu. Ukuqothuka nokusinda - kuze kufike ku-100%.
Umhlambi ungumnikezeli wezikhumba ezibalulekile nezidumbu zezilwane ezigxishwe umzimba. Ukuzingela okuthengiswayo kwezinyoni ezinjalo kwenziwa ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
Umhlambi ufinyelela ekuvuthweni cishe ngeminyaka emi-2 yobudala. Lawa madada abonakala ngokukhethwa komlingani isikhathi eside. Endle, izinsikazi nabesilisa bajwayelana ngaphambi kokufika esidlekeni. Bathuthuka phambi komunye nomunye, belula imigexo yabo, amadrama enza imisindo yokudabukisa. Imibhangqwana noma imindeni emincane 'yendoda' eyodwa kanye 'nabafazi' abaningana sebeqalile ukwenza isidleke.
Amadada akha izidleke. Ngasikhathi sinye, abashayayo bavikela amantombazane abo, beqonda eduzane. Indawo yezinkukhu zesikhathi esizayo ingaba ngokulandelayo:
- ukuqhekeza edwaleni
- umuthi oyize
- isihlahla esiminyene,
- emhlabeni phakathi kwamakhakhasi otshani obukhulu,
- izakhiwo ezilahliwe.
Njengomthetho, usesho lwenziwa ngaphakathi kwendawo eyi-1 km ukusuka ku-reservoir. Omama bezinkomo bazama ukukhetha izindawo eziphakeme. Aya phansi lapho kungatholakali isikhala esifanele. Ama-mergansers amakhulu angalolu hlobo lwamadada asendle aya ngokuzithandela izidleke eziqeqeshiwe. Amabhokisi, amabhokisi ezindaweni abahlala kuzo abona ngokuzethemba. Izinto ezisemqoka zokwakha nokumboza isidleke zivela phansi emthanjeni wowesifazane. Amadada ngokwawo ayawudonsa futhi anciphise ikhaya lawo.
Imazi ihlala phezu kwamaqanda izinsuku ezingama-32. Ngayinye ikhiqiza amaphuphu afinyelela kwangama-30. Kunamacala okufa "komakhelwane" lapho umama oyedwa kufanele athathe amaqanda angama-40 ngaphansi kwephiko lakhe. I-Merganser idonsa isenzo esinjalo asibangeli ukuphazamiseka ngenxa yomzimba omkhulu nesisindo sayo.
Abesilisa abahlanganyeli enqubweni yokubopha amadada. Imvamisa bashiya abesifazane babo ngokushesha. Ekhaya, asikho isidingo sokuthola ukudla, ngakho-ke amadrowa ngokuvamile aba amafolda anokwethenjelwa, anakekelayo.
Abesifazane Merganser nge Ducklings
Izingane zidonsela amanzi ngomzimba emzimbeni. Ezinsukwini ezimbili ubudala, bagxuma baphume esidlekeni futhi baqale ukugijimela ngemuva kukadada. Intuthuko iqhubeka kancane. Ama-mergansers amakhulu afunda ukubhukuda kungakadluli izinsuku eziyi-10 zokuphila, futhi akhuphukela ephikweni kuphela eneminyaka eyi-2,5 izinyanga. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaphuphu agijima ngokushesha phansi nasemanzini. Ngenxa yaleli khono, ngokucasha bazifihla kubaphangi nakwezinye izingozi.
Indlu yezinyoni
Amadada asendle athanda inkululeko ngokweqile. Bahambisa okuningi, ngakho-ke isikhala siyadingeka. Kuma-1 m 2 wegumbi akufanele abe ngaphezu kwabantu abathathu. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa okungenani ama-16 m 2, noma amadada ayishumi noma ambalwa. Ukuqhekeka kubangela ingcindezi, kuholele ekukhuleni okumangazayo, ukugula, kanye nokulwa okungaphakathi.
Indwangu enhle kakhulu yamadada isigaxa sokhuni esingu-7-12 cm. I-Sheathing yenziwa ngamapulangwe noma nge-plywood. Izindlu zekhonkrithi ezakhiwe ngezitini nezintekenteke zihlala isikhathi eside, kepha zibiza kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuzakha. I-Polycarbonate igcina ukushisa kahle, kepha kungakhululeki kumadada asendle ngokwemvelo. Umuthi ulungile kuzo zonke izindlela.
Izinto ezinhle kakhulu ze-duckweed - ugongolo lwokhuni 7-12 cm
Amanani wokhuni
Ukwakheka kwe "ndlu" kufaka phakathi:
- isisekelo noma imilenze enobude obungamasentimitha okungenani angama-20. Ukukhuphuka kusuka emhlabathini kuzogwema ukufinyaza nokubanda emhlabathini, kuzovikela ukungena kwamagundane nabazingeli abancane. Imilenze inenzuzo eyengeziwe - indawo eyengeziwe yomthunzi wamadada ngezinsuku zasehlobo yakhiwe ngaphansi kwesigaxa. Lapho ukhetha isisekelo ngaphansi kwaphansi, indunduma yobumba eyandisiwe iyenziwa ukuze izinambuzane zezilwane zingakubekezeleli,
- phansi. Esisekelweni kungenziwa udaka ngamabhodi ngaphezulu noma kokhonkolo. Kodwa ukufudumala nokuomile kugcinwa kangcono ngokuhlanganiswa kwenkuni. Abantu abaningi bawuthanda womabili njengesisekelo noma wokukhulisa lags,
- izindonga. Nganoma yikuphi okubalulekile, kuzodingeka ukuvala ngokucophelela konke ukuqhekeka, ukuqhuba ukufakwa okufanele, kungcono ukwenza iwindi noma ukuhambisa indiza yomoya
- ophahleni. Kungaba single noma kabili. Izinto eziphahliweyo zingaba yinoma yini, into esemqoka ukuthi ayidlulisi amanzi nezinhlaka. Imvamisa, ukhetho luwela ku-tile eguquguqukayo ye-ceramic noma isilayidi. Ophahleni lwe-gable, kulula ukwenza i-attic ebuye igcine ukushisa. I-Shed ihlukaniswe ngesendlalelo se-polystyrene enwetshiwe.
Idada lifakwa emilenzeni okungenani engama-20 cm
Uyatnik endaweni eyimfihlo
Indawo yendlu ikhethwa egqumeni elincane lapho umswakama unganqwabelani kule inkungu nasemazolo ekuseni.Okungcono ukukhetha uhlangothi oluseningizimu lwesiza.
Ukwenza Kwasekhaya
Ukunikeza abahlanganisi abakhulu ngakho konke okudingekayo kuzosiza ubuncane bezimo:
- ukukhanyisa. Ngokuzalela kwasendle, le nkomba ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba izinyoni zisetshenziselwa amawashi emvelo. Ukukhanya kufanele ukungena ngaphakathi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ezinhlangothini zendlu awenzi amawindi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimbobo engxenyeni engenhla yezindonga. Ubungako bamafasitela buncane ukuze imisebe eqondile ingagcini amadada. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, izibani ezifakwayo zizodingeka okungenani amahora ayi-14. Isibani esikhulu sama-watts ama-5 nge-1 m 2 sanele. beka izibani eziphakeme ngaphezu kophahla,
Izibambo ku-duckbill
- Ukushisa. Ama-mergansers amakhulu abekezelela iqhwa elingalingani ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ezimweni ezinzima, badinga kakade ukufudumeza okufakwayo. Ngokukhiqizwa okuhle kweqanda, ukuthola isisindo, ukungatheleleki, gcina amazinga okushisa okungenani ayi-12 ° C. Kuma-ducklings amancane, kusetshenziswa izibani ze-infrared; kumakamelo amakhulu, ama-radiators,
- phansi. Amadada awathandi ukukhulula ama-paws awo. I-Subcooling ingaholela ekufeni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza i-10-15 cm yophahla kusuka engxenyeni ethambile yotshani, sawdust, umlotha. Ehlobo, isihlabathi somfula siyangezwa. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kususa nomswakama owedlulele. Kuyadingeka ukufaka okungenani isikhathi okungenani esingu-1 kumaviki ama-2, njengoba eba umanzi,
- izidleke. Zenziwe ngomugqa owodwa noma eziningana ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene. Kungcono ukubeka izitebhisi kubo, ngoba ukundiza ngaphakathi kwabantu akuyona into elula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Njengoba izidleke, amabhokisi enkuni afaneleka kahle. Usayizi wezidleke ungamasentimitha angama-25x35x40. Inombolo leyo isho ngenani lezikhukukazi.
Izilokazana zivame ukwenziwa kusuka ekhabetheni lokhuni
Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhumbula nge-airing ejwayelekile ngokusebenzisa amawindi. Okusalungiswa akufanele kube. Ehlobo, vula iminyango kabanzi.
Isibonelo Senhlangano Yezindlu
Kungcono ukuthi uhlukanise yonke indawo ezindaweni ezincane lapho kuzohlelwa khona imindeni yedrake eyi-1 kanye nabesifazane abangama-3-4.
Isibonelo sendlu enkulu ngaphakathi
Ukuhamba
Ama-mergansers amakhulu adinga ukuhamba njalo emoyeni omusha. Ukuzivocavoca kufanele kube nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sonyaka. Ukukhishwa kwenziwa kuphela ngezinsuku ezipholile ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C, lapho kunobungozi be-frostbite. Abanye abalimi ngokuhlakanipha benza isiza ngokunamathuba kokufakwa kobusika ngezindonga ezisuswayo nophahla.
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo uhamba ngezinyawo
Isayithi libiyelwe ngegridi ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2. Ngaphezulu yisibalo esilinganayo se-mesh ukusuka ukundiza siye kwinkululeko. Kufanele kube nesikhala esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphambi kokungena endlini, bakha ibhuloho lomgwaqo omude elimbozwe ngokhuni. Ngakho-ke, kwakheka isikhala lapho amadada angahlala khona emvuleni naselangeni. Iminyango ayivale iminyango yendlu ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-airing yenzeka, ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sokukhipha abondli basemgwaqweni siyasuswa.
Isampula pad eduze kwedada
I-paddock kumele imbozwe ngotshani ngenqwaba ye-sawdust nesihlabathi. Ingxube izodonsa umswakama owedlulele, iqede ukuswakama. Futhi, le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ugweme iqhwa elinamandla ebusika. Isithwathwa esibuthakathaka siyaphuka futhi sikhululwe ngesilenge ngaphambi kokukhululwa kwezinyoni.
Amabhati
Isikhala sokubhukuda siyadingeka kuwo wonke amadada. Izinhlobo zasendle zidinga amanzi amaningi endaweni yokungena. Inketho enhle ukuthi ube echibini eliseduze, ichibi noma umfula onamanzi acwebile. Ama-Mergansers afunda kalula ukuhamba ukubhukuda futhi abuye. Ngokuqiniseka okuthe xaxa ngokubuya, amaphiko awo anciphile kancane.
Uma ukuthola umzimba wemvelo wemvelo kuyinkinga, kuzobe kuhlelwa ngokwezifiso. Kungaba:
- ichibi lokufakelwa esizeni,
- isigodi noma umgodi ogcwele amanzi,
- ichibi elikhulu
- indlu yokugezela yangcwatshwa emhlabathini.
Ichibi elincane ukusuka kubhavu endaweni
Kunoma yikuphi, amanzi azodinga ukukhishwa njalo futhi afakwe elinye. Ukugcwaliswa okungcolile kubangela ukuba izimpaphe zinamathele ndawonye, izifo ezingathi sína nobuthi bamadada. Kuhle ukufaka okungenani izinhlanzi ezincane ethangini ukuze abantu bangalahli izifiso zabo zokuzingela. Abalimi abaningi benza amanzi ngokudonswa amanzi amachibi ukuya emapayipini okuhambisa indle, benze imithombo emincane yokugeleza kwamanzi okuqhubekayo.
Ukwenza ichibi lokugeza
Inventory
Imishini edingekayo endlini:
- izinkomishi zokudla. Kunezinketho eziningi zama-duck feeders. Imvamisa, le ndima idlalwa ngemikhombe emide emincane eyenziwe ngopulasitiki noma ngokhuni. Imvamisa zenziwa ngohlangothi oluhlukanisayo maphakathi nendawo ukuze izinyoni zingavela ezinhlangothini zombili futhi zingaphazamisani. Izinhlanganisela zenziwe zaba mncane, zibanzi kancane kunoqhwaku. Lokhu kugwema ukusakazeka kokudla kanye nokuqongelelwa kokungcola ku-feeder. Enye inketho yesitsha “sokuhlanzeka” ipayipi lepulasitiki elibanzi eli-10 cm. Lenza izimbobo zokudla. Ama-feeders asetwa, eshiya isikhala sokufinyelela kusuka ezinkombeni ezahlukahlukene Zigcwaliswa ngokuqinile ngenani lamaphuzu, ukuze okungaphezulu kungasatshalaliswa ngamadada,
Isiphakeli sephayiphu
Isendlalelo sokuphaka amabele kabili
- izitsha zokuphuza. Kufanele ube khona zombili paddock nasendlini njalo. Ehlobo, emigwaqweni ungafaka izimbiza ezijwayelekile zepulasitiki ezigcwaliswe emaphethelweni. Amanzi athululiwe amunwa emhlabathini ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Abathandwayo bangaphakathi endlini bohlobo lwe-Drip elivaliwe bayathandwa. Ukudla okuzenzakalelayo kuzosiza umlimi, njengoba amadada aphuza cishe amalitha ayi-0,6 koketshezi ngosuku. Ebusika, ukuphuza akuvunyelwe ngaphandle; ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, bagcwalisa amathangi ngeqhwa elihlanzekile,
- amabheshu omlotha nesihlabathi. Amabhokisi alinganiselwa ku-1,2 nge-1.8 m. Ukuphakama okwamukelekayo kungamasentimitha angama-20-25. Isihlabathi nomlotha kuxutshwe ngokulingana. Ukugcwaliswa kwenziwa ngo 2/3. Ehlobo, ibhokisi lifakwa njalo futhi okuqukethwe kushintshwe njalo emavikini ambalwa. Ebusika, inqubo eyi-1 yanele njalo emavikini ayi-2-3. Ukugeza okunjalo kusiza amadada ukuba ahlanze izimpaphe, aqede izidakamizwa, amaqanda awo. Ngaphambi kokufaka esikhundleni sengxube, amabhokisi abulala amagciwane ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate. Lapho uhamba ogwini olunesihlabathi, ungafeza okuncane kakhulu, ngoba amadada enza ngokwawo inqubo.
Ukudla
Ukudla kwe-Big Merganser kusondele ngangokunokwenzeka emvelweni. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abangeniswe ezindlini lapho sebekhulile. Ukudla kwabo kufaka izinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe nezibilisiwe zezinhlobonhlobo, i-algae (kelp, i-rupee, i-distichlis), inani elincane lezibungu ezomisiwe nezisanda kufakwa, utshani obudonsayo.
Lolu hlu luyanda ngemfuyo eboshwe ekhaya. Izithasiselo zemayela, ibhali, i-nokunye okufana nokolweni, amabele, inyama nenyama yokudla ngeke kulimaze. Ama-Mergansers ngokuvamile abona imifino ephakelayo ne-lime lime. Kwesinye isikhathi kuvunyelwe ukufaka esikhundleni imikhiqizo yezinhlanzi ubisi olungashintshi noshizi ophansi onamafutha amancane. Izinkukhu zengezwa iqanda elimhlophe eliqhekekile. Ebusika, ungangeza uwoyela wezinhlanzi ukwenzela ukuntuleka kwamavithamini.
Ukuze unxephezele ukushoda kwamavithamini, kunconywa ukuthi kunikezwe amadada uwoyela wezinhlanzi
Kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukunikeza isinkwa se-rye (esimhlophe kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile nesomisiwe), imikhiqizo equkethe ushukela, izithasiselo zamakhemikhali. Amaminerali angeziwe angezelelwa ukondla ngama-pellets wezimboni enzelwe izilwane zasendle kuphela.
Inani lokudla ehlobo liyi-2 (ekuseni nakusihlwa, phakathi nesikhathi sasemini), ebusika - 3 (ekuseni, kwasemini, kusihlwa). Kungakuhle ukuthi uhambisane nombuso.
Ukuphakelwa kwamanani amadada ngosuku
Izindlela Zokupheka
Okusanhlamvu kunikezwa ngesimo esinyiwe, sihlume futhi somile. Imifino ithela ku-grater kwifomu ebilisiwe noma entsha. Imifino eqiwe Inhlanzi inqunywa izingcezu ezinkulu zama-mergansers amadala noma ichotshozwe amadada.
Ebusika, isidlo sansuku zonke sinikezwa iphalishi elimanzi elenziwa okusanhlamvu, inhlanzi, imifino (izaqathe, izimbiza, amazambane). Ukugqoka kungaba yinhlanzi noma umhluzi wenyama, i-Whey noma amanzi. Ingxube inosawoti omncane.
Ekuseni nakusihlwa kungcono ukunikeza izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezisanda kufakwa noma ezihlonziwe. Ku-feeders ehlukile faka ukuxuba okusanhlamvu okusomile nge-rock rock ne-chalk.
Ama-feeders ahlanzwa ngemuva kokuphaka, ahlanzwa njalo emthonjeni nasebumdaka.
Ukwehlukaniswa kokuphakelayo okumanzi, ukuxuba okusanhlamvu okuomile ngetshe legobolondo kanye noshizi kufakwa ubisi kumadada
Ukuhlolwa kwezingane nokukhethwa kwesizwe
Ngenqubo yokuzalanisa ukuzalanisa okulandelayo, kukhethwa ukukhula okuncane nokunamandla okuncane. Amantshontsho aphilile kufanele abe nalawa:
- Ukupholisa intambo yesambulela
- ukusabela okuhle kwesisusa,
- isisu esithambile
- umfaniswano we-homogeneous fluff,
- amehlo acwebezelayo
- amaphiko angahambi
- isisindo esingaphansi kwama-50 g
- amandla ezinyawo eziqinisekile.
Amathoyizi anjalo kuphela akhula abe ngamadada agcwele ngokugcwele, athole isisindo ngokulinganayo futhi anikeze inzalo ngokuzayo.
Idada elikhulu le-Merganser nge-duckling
Abadala emhlambini wezinkomo bathatha iminyaka efanayo, isisindo somzimba esifanayo. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha imindeni yamadada nokushayela kwemigqa ehlukene yabazali. Ulayini owodwa awuhlali ulungele ukwenziwa kabusha. Abathengisi abanokuziphatha okusebenzayo, umzimba othuthukisiwe, amaplamu ama-shades afanele ngaphandle kwezindawo ezine-bald kubhekwa njengabantu abalungile.
Izendlalelo ekukhiqizweni kwenyama azisetshenziswa isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-8 ukuya kwele-12.
Ungaqala kanjani nokuthi kungani uzalela
Njengoba cishe kungenakwenzeka ukuthenga amaGreater Mergansers, abolekwe izidleke-imigodi ngezinkathi zonyaka. Amadada athathe izindawo ezilungiselelwe ngokuzithandela, ukusuka lapho ungathatha khona amaqanda ambalwa. Abanye abalimi bayakwazi ukufuya nokuhenda abantu abadala ngokubeka izinkukhu ngokudla. Le ndlela ilungile, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi insikazi ngokwayo izokuhlala futhi izale. Ungabamba nabantu abaningana bezilwane ezincane. Bazivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha lula kakhulu futhi ngokushesha kunamadada avuthiwe.
Izingane zingakhishwa kumaqanda ku-incubator noma ngokubekwa ngaphansi kwamanye amadada ngemuva kokutholwa kwegciwane legobolondo nge-potanganum permanganate. Kungcono ukuthatha amaqanda emaqandeni ambalwa, ukuze ngokuzayo ipulazi liqhutshwe kusuka emigqeni ehlukene yobaba kanye neyokubeletha.
Ekhaya, lohlobo lwasendle lugcinwa njengenyoni yokuhlobisa, ezimpaphe nasekwenzeni isidumbu. Inani elithile lemfuyo lingathengiswa kuma-zoo, ezingadini ze-botanical noma emapulazini e-eco-. Abazingeli, izazi zebhayoloji nabantu abanezintshisekelo ku-ornithology bathanda ukugcina idada elinjalo. Ama-Mergansers atshalwa kancane ngenxa yokunambitheka kwenhlanzi enenyama. Lokhu kungahambi kahle kususwa kuphela ngezizukulwane ngenxa yokushintsha kancane kancane kokuphakelayo ohlelweni olujwayelekile lwasekhaya.
Ukwenza umgodi
Izimbobo zelure zenziwa izingodo ezibanzi zokhuni ezinomgogodla obolile. Ukuphakama okwanele - amasentimitha angama-70. Ububanzi ngaphakathi kokuphuma kufanele okungenani bube ngu-30 cm.
Iningi livame ukusebenzisa i-aspen. Yenza amabhokisi, uwashe. Kwakhiwa isicubu, kususwe intambo. Badonsela lezo zingxenye ngocingo noma ziboshwe ngosizo lwamapulangwe kanye nezikhonkwane. Nail phansi, uphahla. Igcotshwe phezulu ngesisombululo samanzi somlotha. Slots embozwe ngobumba. Ngaphakathi, uthuli lokhuni luthululelwa ngokhuni nangotshani.
Idada liphuma ngaphandle kwendawo
Izimbobo zifaka izixhaxaka zomhlanga noma zilenga kumamitha ayi-3-5 ezihlahleni. Uma "izindlu" zishiywe emhlabathini, zibhekelelwa kancane phambili ukuze kuvikeleke ukunqwabelana kwamanzi ngaphakathi kanye nokwenza lula ukuphuma kwezinkukhu. Ukufakwa Kwenziwa ngempela ngaphambi kokufika kwama-mergansers. Omakhelwane abahle bazoba yizinsane, izidlakudla, izinyoni zasolwandle. Bangabaqaphi abahle abaqhamuka emhlaselweni womndeni wabo nezinyoni ezihlala eduzane.
Amaqanda noma amaphuphu asuswa ngokucophelela ngemuva kokukhipha isivalo.
Izindlu zamadada zenziwa ngokuya ngomgomo ofanayo.
Ukufakwa ngaphakathi
Uma amaqanda ethathwa ezidlekeni, ukufukamela kwenziwa ukuze uwasuse. Ngaphambi kokuba inqubo iqale, okuqukethwe okungaphansi kwegobolondo kuyadlula nge-ovoscope ukukhipha isikhuhla sendawo. Emaqandeni amahle, i-yolk ilele enkabeni, inethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi ibonakala kahle, amaprotheni awanabala, igumbi lomoya likhona eduze ne-blex apex. Amaqanda agcobhozwa kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate, asulwe futhi afakwe kudivayisi.
Iqanda elinempilo ngokuqashwa
Ngokulandelayo, inqubo ihamba ngezigaba:
- Isigaba 1. Ihlala isonto. Ukwakheka kwenhlangano kwenzeka kuwo, inhliziyo iqala ukushaya. Dinga izinga lokushisa elingu-38 ° C, umswakama ongama-70% no-4 ujikisa ngosuku,
- 2 isigaba. Kuhlala izinsuku eziyi-10 (kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-8). Kwakhiwa isikhumba. Ukushisa - 37.8 о С, umswakama u-45-50%, ama-4-6 ajika ngosuku, umoya ongu-2 ngosuku imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwezi-20 ukunqanda ukushisa ngokweqile, ukufafaza okungu-1 emahoreni angama-24,
- 3 isigaba. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-8-10 (kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-18). Ukushisa - 37.8 о С, umswakama, umswakama - 60%. Izindiza ezi-5 kanye nezifiphele ezifika kwezingu-3 ngosuku (kusiza ukukhishwa),
- Isigaba 4. Kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-28 kuya phezulu. Ukushisa - 37.5 о С, umswakama - 85%. Asikho isidingo sokujika ngaphezulu. Futha ngezikhathi ezithile
- 5 isigaba. Kuhlala usuku ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamadada. Ngaphambi kokoma, amaphuphu ku-incubator, bese edluliselwa ebhokisini bese ebekwa izinsuku eziningana ekushiseni okungu-20-24 ° C. Am amaphuphu ayaniselwa futhi anikezwe nge-crumb ye-yolk ebilisiwe.
Idada elinempilo, elisebenzayo kufanele libe nesisindo esingama-65 g.
Okushiwo Ngama-Mergansers
Emvelweni, ungahlangana nezinhlobo ezine ze-waterfowl ezibhekwayo:
- i-merganser enkulu
- i-merganser emide,
- i-flake merganser,
- bamba.
Esithombeni, bonke bazobukeka bekhungathekile kakhulu ngenxa yezimpawu zokuzalela kwabo.
Esikhathini esiningi ungabona ummeleli wohlobo, ogama lakhe lingu-merganser omkhulu. Inesisindo esikhulu kunalokho (ebusika - kuze kufike ku-2 kg). Mhlawumbe lokhu kumenza abe yinto ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuzingela. I-merganser enkulu ihlala ikakhulu emachibini athulile nasemifuleni etholakala eduze kwe-taiga yasenyakatho.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, emvelweni kukhona abanye abamele izinhlobo ze-duck merganser. Isibonelo, i-merganser ephakathi noma emide (inomlomo omude kakhulu futhi ubukhali futhi ubude obufushane bomzimba, obuhlukanisa phakathi kwezihlobo). Lolu hlobo luhlala ikakhulu kuma-tundra nasehlathini lase-Eurasia. Uvame ukudideka nge-subspecies efana ne-scaly merganser.
IScaly Merganser itholakala ikakhulu e-Far East nase China. Bambalwa kakhulu abamele, ngababili abangaba ngu-1,500. Lesi kwakuyisizathu sokungena eNcwadini ebomvu.
Izitha zemvelo zamadada we-merganser
Photo: Merganser duck
Idada le-Merganser alilona inyamazane elula yezitha zemvelo. Inobukhulu obukhulu, umlomo ocijile, amazinyo abukhali. Uyakwazi ukuzivikela yena nenzalo yakhe. Kodwa-ke, amadada awatholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ukunqoba umphikisi.
Phakathi kwezitha zemvelo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-mergansers yilezi:
- izimpungushe nezinja ze-raccoon. Lezi zinyamazane zidla izidleke zezinyoni, zizingele futhi zidle abantu abadala. Balandelela izidleke zama-mergansers ngephunga,
- izinyoni ezidla inyama. Ingozi enkulu kunazozonke yimikhaza, izinyoni, imidlwane emikhulu, izinkozi, izikhova, izinyamazane. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuhlasela ama-mergansers amancane noma amadada,
- ama-otter, ama-mink, ama-martens, amakati asendle. Lezi zidla zithuthukela zingabulala ama-mergansers, ngoba kubo idada lamakhilogremu amabili livame ukuba namandla amakhulu,
- ezinye ezihuquzelayo. Lezi zilwane ikakhulukazi zidla amaqanda namazinyane amancane, kanti umama wazo uhamba uya echibini.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamadada zifa ngenxa yezinhlanzi ezinkulu. Ama-Mergansers akavamile ukuhlasela ama-mergansers anjalo. Lolu hlobo lwedada luthinteka kakhulu ngabantu. Abantu basazingela ama-mergansers asendle futhi bababulale ngenqwaba. Cishe wonke umzingeli uphupha inyamazane enjalo, ngoba i-duck merganser inhle kakhulu. Ukuzingela okunjalo kuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani labantu be-merganser kuyo yonke indawo yemvelo.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Uhlobo duck merganser ubukeka
Idada le-Merganser luhlobo olunqabile. Naphezu kokuqina kwesibalo sabantu bonke, izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zinyoni zisengozini. Emazweni amaningi, idada liqashelwa ukuthi lisengozini, libhalwe ku-Red Book.
Siyini isizathu sokunyamalala kwezinhlobo? Izazi zesayensi yemvelo kanye nabanye ososayensi bakhomba izici ezimbalwa ezithinta kabi inani labahlanganisi.
- ukudubula okungalawulwa ngabazingeli. Naphezu kokuvinjwa nokuvikelwa kwalezi zinyoni, ukudutshulwa kwabahlanganisi kuyaqhubeka. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani lezilwane,
- Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Impilo ende, i-merganser idinga amanzi ahlanzekile, inhlanzi. Izidumbu zamanzi emazweni amaningi zingcoliswa kakhulu, ukudla kwamadada kuya ngokuya kuncipha. Izinga lokudla nalo liyahlupheka, elihlasela kabi impilo yezinyoni,
- ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-merganser zihlala emahlathini aseduze namachibi. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kuvimbela izinyoni ekudlekeni nasekuzaleni,
- umsebenzi womuntu osebenzayo. Abantu bangcolisa umoya, inhlabathi, bethuthukisa impilo yasendle.
Zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla ziholela ekunciphiseni okuhamba kancane kepha okuqinisekileyo kwinani lama-mergansers. Futhi, amadada amaningi anjalo afa ngesikhathi izindiza ezinde. Amadada, ahola indlela yokuphila exazululiwe, aphile isikhathi eside.
Ukuvikelwa kukadada weMerganser
Photo: Duck Merganser ovela Red Book
Uhlobo lwe-mergansers alunakubizwa ngokuthi luningi, kepha inani labantu balo lihlala lizinzile. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezithile zamadada anjalo zisondele ekuqothulweni, zibhalwe ezincwadini ezibomvu ezizweni eziningi futhi zidinga ukuvikelwa. Izinhlobo ezingalingani nezisengozini zifaka phakathi ama-scaly kanye nama-mergansers waseBrazil. Amadada amakhulu namade amade asengozini namuhla, agcina inani elanele labantu kuyo yonke indawo yemvelo.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zithathwa ukuvikela amadada ama-mergansers kanye nokuqhubeka nenani labo eliphakeme:
- ukuqapha okuqhubekayo. Ososayensi baqapha ngokucophelela isimo samanje sezinto, balandelela inani lamadada, isimo sabo sempilo. Bafunda ngezinto ezingathinta kabi inani lalezi zinyoni,
- ukudalwa kwamapaki avikelwe. Kulawa madada, amapaki akhethekile adalwe ngayo yonke imibandela edingekayo. Lapho, izinyoni zingaphansi kokuphepha okungamahora angama-24,
ukuzalaniswa kwezinyoni ekudingisweni.
Iqiniso elihehayoNgeshwa, ezinye izinhlobo ze-merganser sezivele zingasekho. Ngakho-ke, i-Oakland merganser manje ingabonakala kuphela emnyuziyamu. Izimbuzi zasendle, amakati nezingulube kufanele zisolwe ngokufa kwakhe.
I-Duck merganser - Indalo eyingqayizivele nenhle kakhulu yemvelo. Lezi zingcingo zamanzi zinombala ongajwayelekile, okhanyayo, imikhuba ehehayo. Bahlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi, ngayinye ihlukile ngendlela yayo. Iningi lezinhlobo ze-merganser namuhla lisengozini, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wabantu ukuzivikela nokusiza ukubuyisela inani labantu.