Namuhla, ihlosi lase-Indochinese lihlala eSoutheast Asia. Lesi sidleke esinezintambo sihlala emazweni anjengeMyanmar, iThailand, iLaos, iVietnam, neCambodia. Ngo-2008, le mikhakha yabhalwa ku-Red Book enezinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini yokuphela. Kepha iqiniso ukuthi inani lalesi silo esinamandla selisondela embundwini wengozi ebucayi.
ECambodia, kubhekwe ukuthi kunyamalale, kepha ngokusho kweminye imithombo, kusuka kwabayi-10 kuya kwabangu-30 abahlaseli abahlala lapho. EMyanmar, kunamahlosi angama-85, eLaos kunama-23, eVietnam kunama-19 kuphela, kanti iningi labantu lihlala eThailand. Balinganiselwa ku-250 abantu abahlala kuleli. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi eminyakeni eminingi edlule lokhu okubhaliselwe kungokwengwe yezingwe zaseBengal, kodwa ngonyaka we-1968 waphinda waqokwa njenge-subspecies ehlukene yezwekazi laseNingizimu naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Incazelo
Ugebhezi lwesihlosi se-Indochinese lungaphansi ngosayizi kugebhezi lwenyathi laseBengal. Kukhona futhi umehluko kumbala wezikhumba. E-Indochinese, kuba mnyama ngandlela thile, imivimbo imfishane futhi incane. Abesilisa ngobude bafinyelela kumamitha angu-2.55-2.85 anesisindo esingu-150-195 kg. Ubude bensikazi buyi-2.3-2.55 metres. Isisindo siyahluka kusuka ku-100 siye ku-130 kg.
Lesi silo sitholakala esigabeni esiphezulu senqolobane yokudla, okungukuthi, sinesimo somzingeli oyinhloko. Kepha njengamanje, amahlosi e-Indo-Chinese ayancipha, futhi kwezinye izindawo ngokuvamile asuswa ku-ecosystem. Lokhu kugcwele nemiphumela emibi, njengoba ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesistimu kuphazamiseka. Ngemuva kwakho konke, inani le-tiger lilawula ukukhula kwezinye izinkumbi zabantu futhi lithinte kakhulu ukuncipha noma ukwanda kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Izinyamazane ezinamandla zishada unyaka nonyaka, kodwa inani eliphakeme lesikhathi sokuzala liwela ngoNovemba - Ephreli. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-100- 105. E-udoti kungafinyelela ama-cubs angama-7, kepha kaningi kukhona ama-2-3. Amakhebuli azalwa enamadlebe avaliwe nangamehlo. Ziyavula futhi ziqale ukusebenza isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Njalo ama-tiger wesithathu akahlali unyaka. Ezimweni ezingavamile, konke kudoti kuyafa. Izimbangela ezinkulu zokufa yizikhukhula nemililo yehlathi. Amahlosi amancane ashiya umama wawo eneminyaka eyi-1.5-2. Ngemuva kwalokho, baqala impilo yokuzimela. Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka engu-3,5, abesilisa bavuthwa kamuva - beneminyaka engu-5.
Endle, ihlosi lase-Indonesia lihlala iminyaka engu-15- 26. Njengoba lezi zilwane zinokuhlukahluka kofuzo okuncane ngenxa yobuningi babo obuphansi, izinhlobo zofuzo ziba buthaka. Lokhu kuholela ekungagcini kokuzala, kanye nasepheleleni yomzimba ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi i-strabismus, i-lumbar Lordosis, i-orofacial cleft.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Indochinese Tiger
Ngesikhathi sokufunda izinsalela zezinja, kwavezwa ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zaziphila emhlabeni eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-2-3 eyedlule. Kodwa-ke, ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwe-genomic, kwafakazelwa ukuthi wonke amahlosi aphilayo avela emhlabeni njengaseminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-110 edlule. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona ukwehla okukhulu echibini lohlobo.
Ososayensi bahlaziya izakhi zofuzo ezingama-32 futhi bathola ukuthi amakati asendle ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ayisithupha ahlukahlukene ezakhiwane. Ngenxa yenkulumompikiswano engapheli ngesibalo esiqondile sokubhaliwe, abacwaningi abakwazanga ukugxila ngokuphelele ekubuyiselweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane, ezisezintweni zokuqothuka.
I-Indochinese tiger (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Corbett tiger) ingesinye sezingosi ezingama-6 ezazikhona, egama layo lesi-Latin lanikwa u-Panthera tigris corbetti ngo-1968 ukuhlonipha umzingeli waseNgilandi wemvelo, umgcini wezokulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nomzingeli we-cannibal uJim Corbett.
Phambilini, amahlosi aseMalayan abalwa njengezinhlangano ezingaphansi, kepha ngonyaka we-2004 inani labantu lalethwa esigabeni esehlukile. Ama-Corbett tiger ahlala eCambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand. Naphezu kwesibalo esincane kakhulu sezingwe zase-Indochinese, izakhamizi zasemakhaya aseVietnam zisahlangana nabantu ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukuziphatha Nempilo
Lezi zidlova ziphila impilo eyedwa. Bazifihle kakhulu, bayacophile, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukubabheka endle. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, ukuziphatha kwamakati anemigqa e-Indochinese akuqondakali kahle. Bazingela ikakhulu ngabantu abangathandeki. Kepha kwezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, izinyamazane, izinyathi zasendle, izingulube zasendle kade kwaba kuncane ngenani ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho. Lokhu kwenza ama-tiger aguqula inyamazane encane.
Kepha akahlinzeki ngomhlaseli oqinile futhi omkhulu ngamandla. Kepha, ake sithi, akukho ukudla okwanele kokukhiqizwa kabusha. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi inani le-Indochinese lehla unyaka nonyaka. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla, ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo yemvelo nangenxa yokuzingela. Amakati okufuya ayazingelwa njalo, ngoba izitho zawo zisetshenziswa emithini yaseShayina, kanti nezikhumba zenani lentengiso.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Isilwane ihlosi
Amahlosi weCorbett mancane kunabalingani bawo - ihlosi laseBengal nehlosi lase-Amur. Uma uyiqhathanisa, ihlosi lase-Indochinese limnyama ngombala - obomvu-orenji, ophuzi, imivimbo selivele lifutshane futhi kwesinye isikhathi libukeka njengamabala. Ikhanda libanzi futhi aligobileki, ikhala lide futhi lide.
- ubude besilisa bungama-2.50-2.80 m,
- ubude bensikazi buyi-2.35-2.50 m,
- isisindo sabesilisa singama-150-190 kg,
- isisindo sabesifazane singama-100-135 kg.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu obunesizotha, abanye abantu bangafinyelela isisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-250.
Kukhona amabala amhlophe esihlathini, esilevwini nasendaweni yeso; amhlophe atholakala ezinhlangothini zesizalo. I-Vibrissas imhlophe, yinde futhi i-fluffy. Isifuba nesisu kumhlophe. Umsila omude esisekelweni ubanzi, mncane futhi umnyama ekugcineni; imivimbo ecishe ibe yishumi itholakala kuwo.
Ukulondolozwa kwehlosi lase-Indochinese
Usizo olubalulekile lokulondolozwa kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zinikezwa yi-zoo. Kepha izindlela ezingaphansi kokucatshangwa ekudingisweni zincane kakhulu futhi azifakwanga nakwezinye izinhlelo zokuzalela. Ngo-2010, kwizindawo ezingama-16 zemvelo emazweni ahlukene, kwahlonzwa abantu abangu-16 bezindawo ezingama-105 zase-Indochinese. Ukusuka endle, kuhlala izingwe ezingama-314 kuya kwezingama-357. Futhi konke. Okusho ukuthi, udaba lokulondolozwa kwama-subspecies alukhuni kakhulu.
Bangaphezu kwengxenye yabantu abasebenza amahlosi bahlala entshonalanga yeThailand eSifundazweni Se-Huai Kha Haeng. Le yindawo evundile enamahlathi ashisayo nashiwo ezindaweni eziphansi. Isimanga esikhulu ukutholakala kwabantu abahlukene empumalanga yeThailand. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoMashi 2017 futhi kwaba isimanga esiphelele kochwepheshe. Babekholelwa ukuthi amahlosi aseThai asinda entshonalanga kuphela.
EMyanmar, ihlosi lase-Indochinese lihlala eTamanti Wildlife Sangment nakwezinye izindawo ezimbili ezivikelwe kepha ezincane. Lapha, eqinisweni, yonke indawo yokuhlala kwesisulu esinamandla. Kepha alukho uhlelo oluhlosiwe lokulondolozwa okubhaliselwe. Inani layo alikhuphuki, futhi ngenxa yalokho ikusasa aliqinisekile. Kepha masibe nethemba ngobuhle babantu kanye nesifiso sabo sokusindisa amakati ahlukile.
Indochinese Tiger L Indlelayle
Lezi yizilwane ezihlala zodwa ezihlala emahlathini emvula angaphansi komhlaba, ezindaweni ezomile ezomile, ezintabeni nasezintabeni ezintabeni. Amahlosi e-Indochinese afihliwe emvelweni, ngakho-ke, ukubonwa kwawo ekudingisweni kuyinkinga lapho kungekho lwazi oluningi kakhulu ngokuphila kwabo.
Zidla ngokudla okungekukhulu nangesilinganiso sobukhulu: izingulube zasendle, ama-zambars amaNdiya, izinyoka, ama-gauras amancane, i-banteng nokunye okunjalo. Kepha ezindaweni eziningi eSoutheast Asia, abantu bacishe baqothula izilwane ezingamkhonzi ezifana nenkomishi, inyamazane yengulube, inyamazane yenyamazane, umlobi weSchomburg, izinyathi zase-Asia nokunye. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, amahlosi e-Indo-Chinese kwadingeka ashintshele ezilwaneni ezincane: ama-porcupines, ama-macaque, ama-muntzhakov, ama-telecidae, izinyoni, izinyoni kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Izidlakudla ziyizisulu ngokwanele zesayizi encane kangaka ukwanelisa izidingo zazo, ngakho ezimweni ezinjalo kunzima ukukhuluma ngokuzala kwazo. Lesi simo kanye nokuzingela siyisizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwenani labantu benyathi yase-Indochinese.
Amahlosi e-Indochinese isilwane esifihlwa wedwa.
Lawa “makati amakhulu” ayakuthanda ukubhukuda, azibhukuda ngokuzithandela esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Bancamela ukuzingela abaqamekeli ebusuku. Njengomthetho, kokuhlaselwa okuyi-10, munye kuphela ophumelelayo.
Ama-Tiger enza imisindo ye-purring, futhi angakhula futhi akhale kakhulu. Lezi zidlova zithuthukise kahle ukuzwa kanye nombono, futhi ama-vibrissae asetshenziswa njengengqondo yokuthinta.
Usongo olukhulu kumahlosi ama-Indochinese ngabantu. Kepha izilwane zingazibuyisela ngokufanayo.
EVietnam, bekunesimo lapho owesilisa omkhulu, enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-250 namamitha angama-2.8 ubude, ethusa abantu bendawo bemizana iminyaka eminingi. Leli tiger labulala izinkunzi ezingama-30, yize abantu bendawo benza imizamo eminingi yokubamba inyamazane. Kwakhiwa uthango olungamamitha amathathu ezungeze idolobhana elilodwa, kodwa ihlosi lagxumela phezu kwalo, labulala ithole elinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-60, layibamba yagxumagxuma emuva ngesisulu phezu kwesithiyo. Lelihlosi lilimale ekufeni, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho wakwazi ukuhamba amanye amakhilomitha amabili.
Amahlosi ase-Indochinese aqine kakhulu, cishe azinazo izitha zemvelo.
Amahlosi ase-Indochinese akhuthele, angakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amangalisayo ngosuku. Bangagijima ngejubane elingamakhilomitha angama-60-70 ngehora. Ukugxuma okukodwa kwalomhlaseli onamandla kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 ubude.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwamahlosi e-Indochinese yiminyaka engu-15-18, kepha abade abaphila isikhathi eside bangahlala iminyaka engama-26.
Isakhiwo senhlalo yamahlosi ase-Indochinese
Abesilisa baphila impilo yokuba yodwa, futhi abesifazane baphila iningi lempilo yabo nezingane zabo. Umuntu ngamunye uhlala endaweni yakhe yokuphaka, imingcele yayo ekugada ngenkuthalo. Iziza zamadoda zigcizelela ingxenye ethile yezinto ezimbalwa zesifazane. Amahlosi amaka imingcele yesakhiwo ngomchamo bese enza amamaki ngozipho ezihlahleni.
Kakade ezinyangeni eziyi-18, amawundlu ashiya omama bawo, futhi aqale ukuzimela.
Ukuzala izingwe zase-Indochinese
Lawa “makati amakhulu” aqondana unyaka wonke, kodwa inani eliphakeme liwela ebusika. Imvamisa, abesilisa bashada nama-tigress, izindawo zazo ezingomakhelwane. Lapho kungaphezu kowesilisa oyedwa onakekela insikazi, kuba nokulwa phakathi kwezimbangi zazo.
Owesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhula komzimba umaka insimu yakhe nomchamo, ngaleyo ndlela akhombisa abesilisa ukuthi usekulungele ukuzala. Owesilisa nowesifazane bachitha cishe isonto ndawonye, kuyilapho beganana okungenani izikhathi eziyi-10 ngosuku. Insikazi yenza umhume endaweni engafinyeleleki lapho izala khona. Owesifazane angaganana nabesilisa abaningi, lapho amathole angaba nobaba abahlukahlukene.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-103, kuthi emva kwalokho insikazi ibelethe abantwana abasi-7, kepha esikhathini esiningi kube nama-tiger angama-2-3 tiger. Inzalo yamahlosi ase-Indochinese ingaba izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka. Izingane azisizi ngamehlo futhi azaboni, amehlo azo abonakala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-6-8, futhi amazinyo obisi akhula ngemuva kwamasonto cishe amabili. Amazinyo angapheli kumawundlu akhula ezinyangeni eziyi-11. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, cishe ama-35% amawundlu ayafa. Umama udla amawundlu ngobisi izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Abantu bendawo bazingela lezi tiger ngezikhumba zabo, izindlawu, amazinyo nezitho zangaphakathi.
Ngezinyanga eziyi-6, amawundlu ngokwawo asevele ezama ukuzingela izilwane ezincane. Ukukhula okusha kushiya omama sebenezinyanga eziyi-18- 28. Abesifazane bahlala nonina isikhathi eside kunabafowabo. Ukuthomba kwezinsikazi zamahlosi e-Indochinese kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-3,5, kanti abesilisa baba ngabadala eneminyaka emi-5.
Inani labantu base-Indochinese
Isibalo sabantu abatholakala kulawa, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, sisukela kuma-1200 kuya ku-1800 amahlosi. Kepha kukholelwa ukuthi inani eliphansi liyiqiniso ngokwengeziwe eqinisweni.
EVietnam, cishe amahlosi ayi-3000 ama-Indochinese adutshulwa ukuze athengise izitho zawo, lapho kwenziwa khona amalungiselelo emithi yesiko lesiShayina.
EVietnam, izindondo ezintathu zamahlosi zacekelwa ukuthengiswa kwezitho, ngenhloso yokwenza umuthi waseChina.
Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezingwe zase-Indochinese zizinze eMalawi, ngoba ukuzingela kuhlawuliswa kakhulu lapha, ngakho-ke akubalulekanga kangako. Kepha inani lezingwe zase-Indochinese zisongelwa ngokuqothulwa, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuzingela, kepha futhi nokuqhekeka kwebanga.
Ngaphandle kwamahlosi ahlala emvelweni, abanye abantu abangama-60 bahlala ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane zasendle. Encwadini Ebomvu, izinhlobo zinesimo sezilwane ezisengozini enkulu. Kukholakala ukuthi isibalo sezingwe zama-Indochinese sehla ngokushesha kakhulu kunesibalo sezinye izingxhaso, ngoba abazingeli bezinkomo badubula eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye ngesonto.
Ososayensi banethemba lokuthi abantu abangahlushwa ithonya elibi labantu bazokwazi ukusinda ngokuzayo. Ukubhejwa okukhulu kakhulu kubekwe kumahlosi ahlala endaweni ephakathi kweMyanmar neThailand. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe abantu abangama-250 bahlala lapho.
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezingwe zase-Indochinese zikhona eMalaysia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla aphezulu akhona eCentral Vietnam naseNingizimu Laos. Ngakho-ke kuhlalele ethembeni lokuthi inani lamahlosi e-Indochinese lizobuyiselwa.
Ukufinyelela kwamahhala ebangeni lezinhlosi zase-Indochinese bekulinganiselwe, ngakho-ke izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezisanda kuba nethuba lokufunda lezi zilwane, ngenxa yalokho kwacaciswa imininingwane eyayingaziwa ngaphambili. Inani elikhulu lemininingwane lingasiza ekufezeni imisebenzi yokulondoloza okubhaliselwe.
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Ihlala kuphi ihlosi lase-Indochinese?
Photo: Indochinese Tiger
Indawo yokuhlala kwabazingeli isuka eSoutheast Asia iye eningizimu mpumalanga yeChina. Iningi labantu lihlala emahlathini aseThailand, eHangikhakhang. Inani elincane litholakala ezindaweni eziphansi zaseLower Mekong nase-Annam. Njengamanje, izindawo zokuhlala zikhawulelwe ukusuka kuThan Hoa kuya eBing Phuoc eVietnam, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeCambodia naseLaos.
Izimbangi zingamakhosi asezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama ophakeme, ezitholakala emithambekeni yezintaba, zihlala emahlathini angomhlaba naseziwuleni. Esimweni esifanele kubo, kukhona abantu abadala abalinganiselwa kwabayi-10 kumakhilomitha skwele ayi-100. Kodwa-ke, izimo zamanje zinciphise ukungazinzi kusuka kuma-tiger angama-0,5 kuye kwayi-4 kumakhilomitha skwele ngalinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani eliphakeme kakhulu litholakala ezindaweni ezivundile ezihlanganisa izihlahlana, izihlahla ezinkulu kanye namahlathi. Le ndawo, ehlanganisa ihlathi kuphela, ayifaneleki kakhulu kubazingeli. Kukhona utshani obuncane, kanti amahlosi adla kakhulu izilwane ezinezinyawo. Isibalo sabo esikhulu kunazo zonke sitholakala emifuleni yezikhukhula.
Ngenxa yokusondele kakhulu kwezindawo zezolimo kanye nokuhlala kwabantu, amahlosi ayaphoqeleka ukuba aphile ezindaweni ezinamaphango amancane - amahlathi aqinile noma amathafa angenalutho. Izindawo ezinezimo ezinhle zabahlaseli zisagcinwa enyakatho ye-Indochina, emahlathini eziNtabeni zeCardamom, emahlathini eTenasserim.
Izindawo lapho izilwane zikwazile ukuhlala khona kunzima ukufinyelela kuzo kubantu. Kodwa ngisho nalezi zindawo akuyona indawo yokuhlala yamahlosi e-Indochinese, ngakho-ke ubumbano bawo abuphakeme. Ngisho nasezindaweni zokuhlala ezintofontofo ngokwengeziwe, kunezici ezihlobene eziholele ekuxinaniseni okuphansi okungekho ngokwemvelo.
Ngabe idlani lengwe yase-Indochinese?
Isithombe: ihlosi lase-Indochinese ngokwemvelo
Ukudla kwezilwane ezidla izinyamazane ikakhulu kuqukethe ama -ululates amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, inani labo ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho lehlile kakhulu muva nje.
Kanye nezilwane ezingathandeki, amakati asendle ayaphoqelelwa ukuba azingele ezinye, inyamazane encane:
Ezindaweni lapho isilwane abaningi baye kukuphathe kabi kakhulu izinto ezenziwa abantu, izilwane ezincane ayabaluleka ukudla okuyinhloko amahlosi Indochinese. Ezindaweni lapho kukhona kakhulu ungulates ezimbalwa, kwabantu amahlosi futhi ongaphakeme. Izinyamazane azizigwemi izinyoni, izidalwa ezifuywayo, izinhlanzi, noma u-carrion, kepha lokho kudla akunakukwanelisa ngokugcwele izidingo zazo.
Akuwona wonke umuntu lucky ukuba bazohlala endaweni inala izilwane ezinkulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, nomzingeli idinga kusuka 7 kuya ku-10 amakhilogremu of inyama nsuku zonke. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi sikhulume ngokuzala kabusha uhlobo, ngakho-ke, lokhu kuthinta ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu njengoba kubuye kube nokuzingela.
EVietnam, iduna elikhulu, enesisindo mayelana 250 khilogremu, weba izinkomo zabahlali bendawo isikhathi eside. Bazama ukumbamba, kodwa imizamo yayiyize. Abahlali bakha uthango olungamamitha amathathu bezungeza indawo ababehlala kuyo, kepha umhlaseli wagxumela phezu kwayo, weba inkonyane futhi wacasha ngendlela efanayo. Ukuze sonke isikhathi wadla mayelana izinkunzi 30.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Indochinese tiger isilwane
Ngokwemvelo, amakati asendle ayizilwane ezihlala zodwa. Umuntu ngamunye ithatha indawo yayo, kodwa kukhona amahlosi ehlangeni ukuthi ungenalo indawo siqu. Uma kukhona ukudla on ensimini, emazweni izinsikazi 'kukhona 15-20 amakhilomitha square, abesilisa - 40-70 amakhilomitha square ngayinye. Uma kunokukhiqizwa okuncane emngceleni womgwaqo, izindawo ezithathwa abesifazane zingafinyelela kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-200, futhi abesilisa bangaba ngu-700-1000. Izigodi abesifazane kanye nabesilisa kuyenzeka ihlangane, kodwa abesilisa neze axazulule ngayinye ezinye izigceme sika, bayazibuza nje ukunqoba it kusuka Umphikisi.
amahlosi Indochinese lingama ukuhwalala. Ngosuku olushisayo, bathanda ukuntywila emanzini apholile, bahambe bayozingela kusihlwa. Ngokungafani namanye amakati, amahlosi abathanda ukubhukuda futhi ukubhukuda. Kusihlwa baya ukuzingela ukuhlasela okuvela ukuqamekela kwakhe. Ngokwesilinganiso, imizamo eyodwa kweziyishumi ingaphumelela.
Akapholisanga maseko enquma entanyeni inyamazane encane, futhi izinqwaba lokuqala kuze ezinkulu, bese ephula yokhalo amazinyo akhe. Ekukhunjulwa nekhono lokuzwa kangcono athuthukile kuka lokuhogela. Isitho esiyinhloko sokuthinta yi-vibrissae. Zaziziningi izilwane kunamandla kakhulu: icala sabhalwa lapho, ngemva isilonda ofayo, iduna wakwazi ukuphinde ahambe omunye amakhilomitha amabili. Abakwazi weqele ibanga 10 metres.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo obuncane, uma kuqhathaniswa nabalingani bayo, abantu balesi sikhala abahlukile hhayi ngamandla amakhulu, kodwa futhi nokukhuthazela. Bayakwazi unqobe amabanga omkhulu emini, kuyilapho ukwakha ijubane kuze kube amakhilomitha angu-70 ngehora. Athuthela emigwaqweni ubudala ishiywe wabeka ngesikhathi egawula.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Indochinese Tiger
Abesilisa bathanda indlela yokuphila bebodwa, kanti abesifazane bachitha isikhathi esiningi namawundlu abo. Ngamunye nokuphila kwabantu ngabanye esizeni awo ngokugqugquzela ngentshiseko ukuvikela ke kusukela bangaphandle. On endaweni owesilisa, nabesifazane eziningana kungaba ephila. Bakhomba imingcele yezimpahla zabo ngomchamo, izindunduma, bese benza izikebhe ekhonkolweni zezihlahla.
I zenyathi sokukhwelana unyaka wonke, kodwa isikhathi main uwela ngoNovemba-Ephreli. Ngokuyinhloko, abesilisa ukhethe amahlosi abahlala ezindaweni eziseduze. Uma abesifazane abaningi benakekela insikazi, ukuxabana kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwabo. Ukuze isimo kokuzalela izinhloso, amahlosi bakhale kakhulu, nabesifazane uphawu izihlahla nge umchamo.
Phakathi estrus, lo mbhangqwana uchitha lonke ngesonto ndawonye, ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa tandla emahlandla la -10 ngosuku. Balala futhi bazingele ndawonye. I uyathola besifazane kanye kusihlomisela umphandu i endaweni engafinyeleleki lapho amazinyane maduze avele. Uma kokuzalela iphutha nabesilisa eziningana, udoti kuyodingeka amawundlu kusukela oyise babehlukene.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-103, ngenxa yalokho okuzalelwa ezinganeni ezi-7, kepha kuvame kakhulu kube yi-2-3. Insikazi kungaba ukukhiqiza kabusha inzalo kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2. Izingane zizalwa waba yimpumputhe nesithulu. Izindlebe namehlo abo avula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, futhi amazinyo okuqala aqala ukukhula emva kwamasonto amabili ezelwe.
namazinyo Permanent sikhule ngonyaka. Lapho eneminyaka engu-izinyanga ezimbili, unina iqala ukondla izingane inyama, kodwa ayigcini ukuzipha ubisi kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha. Cishe ama-35% wezingane afa ngonyaka wokuqala wempilo. Izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu imililo, izikhukhula noma umuntu nezinsana.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni eyodwa nengxenye, amawundlu abasha baqale ukuzingela ezimele. Abanye babo bashiya umndeni. Abesifazane nihlale nomama babo isikhathi eside kunaleso abafowabo. Ikhono bazale abantwana azalela kwenzeka 3-4 iminyaka, abesilisa eminyakeni 5. Isikhathi sokuphila cishe siyiminyaka eyi-14, ekudingisweni kufinyelela ku-25.
Izitha zemvelo amahlosi Indochinese
Photo: Indochinese Tiger
Ngenxa amandla amakhulu nokukhuthazela abadala, azikho izitha zemvelo, ngaphandle indoda. Izilwane ezisencane zingahlushwa izingwenya, izinaliti ze-porcupine, noma ezivela koyise, ezingabulala izingane ukuze umama wazo aqale i-estrus futhi ziphinde zishade naye.
Man kuyingozi ngoba amakati zasendle, hhayi kuphela ngoba ubhubhisa yimpango yabo, kodwa futhi ngoba obulala izilwane ezidla ezinye ngokwabo ngokungemthetho. Ngokuvamile umonakalo kwenziwa yezimo abhekene - nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo kanye ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo kuholela nokwehlukaniswa uhla. Eziningi zabhujiswa ngabazingeli ukuze bazizuzele bona.
Kwezokwelapha Chinese, zonke izingxenye emzimbeni nomzingeli bayigugu kakhulu, ngoba kukholelwa ukuthi ziye ephulukisa izakhiwo. Izidakamizwa ibiza kakhulu kunemithi ezivamile. Yonke into icutshungulwa ibe izidakamizwa - kusuka amadevu kuya emsileni, kufaka phakathi izitho zangaphakathi.
Nokho, amahlosi ungakwazi ukuphendula abantu okufanayo. Ziyofuna ukudla, bayazulazula emizaneni lapho imfuyo ebiwe futhi kungaba ukuhlasela abantu. EThailand, ngokungafani neSouth Asia, kukhona izingxabano ezimbalwa phakathi kwabantu namakati anemichilo. Izingxabano yakamuva erekhodiwe ku 1976 kanye 1999. Esimweni sokuqala, zombili wafa; okwesibili, umuntu wathola ukulimala kuphela.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Isilwane ihlosi
Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ukusuka ku-1200 kuya ku-1600 abantu balesi zinhlobo bahlala emhlabeni. Kodwa inani uphawu ephansi kubhekwa esinembile. EVietnam wedwa, phezu ayizinkulungwane ezintathu amahlosi Indochinese ziye ngizoqothulwa lonke isikhathi ngenhloso ukuthengisa zangaphakathi. EMalawi, ukuzingela kuyajeziswa kakhulu kanti nemvelo lapho kuhlala khona izilwane ezihlaseli zivikelekile. Kule ndaba, labantu elikhulu kunawo wonke amahlosi Indochinese bazinza lapha. Kwezinye izifunda, isimo ezingeni esibucayi.
Ngo-2010, eCambodia, ngokusho kwamadivayisi okubhekwa kwevidiyo, kwakungekho bantu abangaphezulu kwama-30, eLaos - cishe izilwane ezingama-20. EVietnam, kwakukhona sebebonke abantu abangu-10. Naphezu kokuvinjelwa, abazingeli ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo engekho emthethweni.
Ngenxa yezinhlelo zokuvikela amahlosi ase-Indochinese, ngonyaka ka-2015, inani labantu selikhuphukele kubantu abangama-650, hhayi ukubala ama-zoo. amahlosi eziningana ngasinda eningizimu Yunnan. Ngo-2009, abantu abangaba ngu-20 wahlala Xishuangbanna futhi Simao izifunda. EVietnam, eLaos noma eBurma, akubanga balwa ngisho nabantu abaningi.
Ngenxa ukuphela kwendawo yawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi, ezikhulayo amafutha esundu emasimini, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo kwehlukana kwenzeka, ukudla lincibilika ngokushesha, okwandisa ingozi beyizalaniselana, okuyinto kuphakamisa imali esincishisiwe sperm nenzalo.
Nokongiwa amahlosi Indochinese
Photo: Indochinese Tiger
Izinhlobo lezi zibhalwe ku-International Red Book naku-CITES Convention (Isithasiselo I) njengoba zisengozini enkulu. It yasungulwa ukuthi amanani azo Indochinese iyancipha ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye zenyathi, kusukela njalo ngesonto elilodwa ukufa nomzingeli kusukela ngezandla Umzingeli kulotshwe.
cishe abantu abangu-60 ku-zoo. Ipaki yelizwe itholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeThailand edolobheni i-Huai Khakhang, kanti kusukela ngo-2004 kube nohlelo olukhona lokwandisa isibalo sabantu ababodwa kule subspecies. Inamagquma ihlathi insimu yalo nakanjani engafanele umsebenzi womuntu, ngakho esiqiwini cishe isetshenzwe ngabantu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ingozi yokuthola umalaleveva, ngakho kukhona abazingeli ambalwa abafuna xhoxha kulezi zindawo, anikele impilo yabo ngemali. Izimo ezithandekayo zivumela izinyamazane zizale ngokukhululeka, futhi nezenzo zokuzivikela zikhulisa amathuba okusinda.
Kumila epaki, abantu abangaba ngu-40 ababehlala kule ndawo. Inzalo livela njalo ngonyaka futhi manje kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka amakati 60. Ngosizo izicupho ikhamera 100 etholakala esiqiwini, ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila ezidla is zilandelwa, izilwane alotshwe futhi amaqiniso amasha zikhona makwaziwe yibo bonke. Isigcini sivikelwe ngabagibeli abaningi.
Abacwaningi abanethemba ukuthi imiphakathi ukuthi ningaweli imiphumela emibi abantu bazokwazi ukusinda esikhathini esizayo futhi silondoloze izinombolo zabo. Amathuba esikhulu kunazo zonke ukusinda kwabantu kabani indawo itholakala phakathi Myanmar neThailand. Kuhlala lapho izingulule ezingaba ngu-250. Tigers kusukela Central Vietnam South Laos babe amathuba aphezulu.
Ngenxa ukufinyelela okunomkhawulo kwendawo lezi zilwane futhi ekusithekeni kwabo, ososayensi be manje kuphela bakwazi ukuthi aphenye zenyathi futhi embule amaqiniso amasha ngakho. I-Indochinese tiger ithola ukwesekwa okungathi sína kokuzithandela kusuka kumavolontiya, onomphumela omuhle ekusetshenzisweni kwezindlela zokonga ukugcina nokukhulisa inani lezindawo ezisetshenziswayo.
Lokuzaliswa nokunakekela ngenzalo
Nenkathi yokukhwelana ngokuvamile iqala ngo-November futhi ihlala kuze kube ngasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, kodwa kungenzeka nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kunzima impela kulesi silo ukuthola umlingani ehlathini eliminyene, ngakho-ke, abesilisa nabesifazane babika izinhloso zabo ngemibhikisho yokuncenga kanye nezimpawu zomchamo. Skirmishes kwenzeke phakathi kwabesilisa.
Abesifazane ukuletha nenzalo yabo yokuqala eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine. Insikazi izala kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu.
Isikhathi isilinganiso sokukhulelwa e amahlosi Indochinese esenezinyanga ezintathu. I tigress uzihlomisa emphandwini e mhlanga izisekelo, emifantwini yamadwala, emihumeni encane, abami ngayo uboya utshani.
Imfucumfucu iqukethe ezimbili, ezintathu, kittens ezine, kuyaqabukela ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha. Ingxenye yesithathu ye udoti akusho ukuphila ngokuvumelana ngonyaka. Amazinyane ukuvula amehlo abo kuleli viki wokuphila, okuphakelayo wesibili ubisi lukamama kufika ezinyangeni ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha. Ukusuka ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphezu kwalokho thola inyama. Ngu iminyaka emibili, bakulungele ngokuphelele ukuphila ezimele.
In ekuthunjweni, amahlosi Indochinese aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-26, endle - kuze kufinyelele 14 - iminyaka engu-15.
Uhlamvu lwe-Predator
tiger Indochinese kuyinto umhlaseli ukuthi kuzingelwa ebusuku noma lapho kuhlwa. Udakwa sisicuthele ngesikhathi kuqothwa, kodwa awukwazi ambize lucky, njengoba oyedwa kuphela aphume imizamo eyishumi siba ngempumelelo. Ukulungiselela ukulala phansi emthunzini phakathi nosuku. Akesabi yamanzi, kunalokho, Uthanda ukubhukuda ezinsukwini kushisa.
tiger Indochinese has ukungaboni abukhali futhi ukuzwa kakhulu. Ukuhogela kubi kakhulu. Vibrissas ukukhonza njengoba uhlaka touch. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo amahlosi, Corbetta kubhekwa hhayi okusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa isilwane ezimthende unamandla kakhulu. Awukwazi ukumbiza ngokuhamba kancane, angafika ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-70km / h. uhambe ibanga elide ngosuku. The Jump lokhu emuhle 10 amamitha.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ihlosi lase-Indochinese lihlala lodwa. Abesifazane kuphela baphoqeleka ukuba bachithe isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwabo ukhulisa inzalo. Abesilisa awahlanganyeli kule. Umhlaseli ngamunye unendawo yakhe, imingcele amaka ngayo izihlahla ezihlahleni nasemchameni. Iduna oluthatha indawo inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela insikazi. izimpahla zakhe kancane baprofetha izindawo nabesifazane. Isilo ngasinye sivikela ngobudlova "ikhaya" laso, sivikele ekuhlaselweni kwezinye amahlosi endaweni okuhlala kuyo.
A umhlaseli ezimthende uthanda ukuhamba ezibonakalayo yayo ezindleleni abalahliwe, igcwele izihlahla abancane ehlathini ukuthi abantu babeka ngesikhathi wokuvuna esihlahleni.
Kokuzalela isizini
Lapho kuqala isikhathi sokuzalela, abesilisa bahlangana nomakhelwane besifazane, labo abanempahla yabo yemingcele empahleni yezingwe. Azikho izinsuku oluthize kokuzalela zalezi izilwane ezidla ezinye; zizalela senzeka unyaka wonke, kodwa nokho, ebusika yisikhathi oluncamelayo ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa amageyimu ezimthende amadoda handsome.
Lezi zilwane ezibhekwa ucansi abavuthiwe kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi 3-5 ubudala, "amantombazane" kukhona ngaphambili. Lapho i-tigress iqala uku-estrus, imaka imingcele yezinto zayo ngomchamo. Ngale ndlela, omakhelwane angamaduna ngokushesha ukwazi ukuthi ilungele nenkathi yokukhwelana. Uma insikazi bathandile Cavaliers eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, khona-ke, ukuze sifinyelele indawo okhethiwe, uhlele izimpi bodwa. Owesifazane oyedwa angaganana nabesilisa abaningi, amawundlu akhe ayobe evela kubaba abahlukahlukene.
Nenkathi yokukhwelana sihlala izinsuku 6-8. Sonke lesi sikhathi, kwaba owesilisa nowesifazane ndawonye bukhoma, ukuzingela ndawonye ubuthongo side by side, ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa kaningi emini.
Progeny
Owesifazane uhola inzalo kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Esiswini yayo othwala amathole ngezinsuku 96-113. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa, ebukeka tigress emva ephephile, endaweni engafinyeleleki ngoba umphandu nowokuzalwa kwenzeka khona.
Kwelitha elilodwa kunamakhithi angama-2-3 angenakusiza. Cubs bazalwa yisithulu phumputheka. Kuyadabukisa ukusho ukuthi 35% lamawundlu afe, ngisho wokugubha unyaka wabo wokuqala wokuphila.
Cishe izinsuku ezingama-7 kuzelwe, izingane ezinemizila ziqala ukubona. Amazinyo (ubisi) eqala ukukhula by engu-amasonto amabili, Amazinyo unomphela sikhule ngonyaka. Lactation esifazane ubuhlengikazi ihlala kufika izinyanga eziyisithupha, kodwa kakade izinyanga 2 amawundlu uqale ukunambitheka inyama.
Kusukela eneminyaka eyisithupha, umama uqala ukufundisa izingane ukuzingela inyamazane encane. Lapho eneminyaka engu-izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, amahlosi abasha uphelezela tigress - umama ukuzingelwa. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka kuze they jika eyikhulu nengxenye ubudala. Kulesi sikhathi, "abafana" bashiya umhume wabo wendabuko futhi bangene empilweni yokuzimela yabantu abadala. "Girls" ukuhlala nomzali yabo isikhathi eside (izinyanga 20-28).