I-Triton ejwayelekile (lat. I-Lissotriton vulgaris, ukuvumelanisa I-Triturus vulgaris) Ingabe uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokusha kusuka ku-oda yama-amphibians we-caudate.
Incazelo
Isilwane sincane, ubude bomzimba obukhulu nomsila bufinyelela ku-110 mm. Umsila umfushane, ulingana noma ubude obude kunomzimba nekhanda. Ikhanda libanzi, ubuso buphakathi. Amazinyo we-Palatine ngendlela yemigqa yokufana, ethi ngezinga lekota yawo ebanzi ubude yanda kancane. Ingaphezulu lesikhumba ibushelelezi noma ihlotshiswe kahle. Ekhanda kunemivimbo emide ye-longitudinal, phakathi kwayo lapho umucu odlula khona iso ubonakala kakhulu. Umzimba ongaphezulu onsundu, onsundu-onsundu noma okhanyayo okhanyayo, ngaphansi kombala ophuzi ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahluka okunamabala amnyama ansundu.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bakhulisa i-crst scalloped yonke enomngcele we-orange nomugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lo mgodi ucebile emithanjeni yegazi, lapho umoya-mpilo oncibilikiswa emanzini ungena ngokusebenzayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinsimbi ezifuywayo ziyavela eminwebeni yezilwane ezintsha. Owesifazane akanalo i-dorsal crest futhi ulayishwe emngceleni weminwe, umbala womzimba ulula. Ubulili besilwane bungabuye bunqunywe ngesimo se-cloaca: kowesifazane buyabonakala kakhulu, kanti nakowesilisa kuyindilinga futhi kukhulu.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Uhlobo luvame kakhulu emazweni amaningi ase-Europe (ngaphandle kwe-Iberian Peninsula yonke, eningizimu ye-Apennine Peninsula, eningizimu yeFrance nengxenye esenyakatho yeNhlonhlo yeScandinavia). Empumalanga, uhla lubamba ingxenye ye-Asia iye ezintabeni ze-Altai.
Esifundeni Saratov (kufaka phakathi iRtishchevsky District), i-newt ejwayelekile iyindawo yonke futhi ayangeni kuphela kumaphethelo owomile we-Low Syrt Plain kanye ne-semi-desert yeCaspian Lowland.
Imikhuba yendlela yokuphila
Izinhlobo zitholakala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinamanzi nezikhukhula. Ungahlangana naye ezindaweni zasemadolobheni: emachibini, emigodini, emigwaqweni yendawo yehlathi lepaki.
Ukusuka ezindlini zokuphekela ubusika, i-newt ejwayelekile ezimeni zesifunda seSaratov ivela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli futhi iya ezindaweni zokugcina ezingenamuntu ezisezindaweni ezivulekile futhi ezifudumele kahle zehlathi noma isihlahlana - imifula yakudala yemifula, iziqaqa zesihlabathi, imifudlana, imigwaqo yezwe, imisele, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa amanzi ngalesi sikhathi awekho ngaphezu kwe-10 ° C. Abesilisa bafika ezinqolobaneni zokuzalela kuqala, bese izinsikazi zilandele izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukufakwa kwamaqanda kwandulelwa imidlalo yokuzalela. Umdanso we-triton iqoqo lezinto eziqondene nezinhlobo ezithile: ukusondela kowesifazane futhi kukhombise uhlangothi lowesilisa, ukuhlwitha nokuthinta umzimba wowesifazane, njll. Owesilisa ubeka ispermatophore ngendlela yepakethe ye-gelatinous, lapho abesifazane bejabule befaka umgodi okhethekile oboshiwe we-cesspool - i-spermathecus. Amaqanda ahlanganiswa lapho kuphuma ama-oviducts ngesidoda esikhuphuka emgudwini wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Inqubo yokubeka ihlala kusuka ezinsukwini eziningana kuya kumaviki ayi-2 kuya ngezimo zokushisa. Owesifazane ngamunye ubeka emaqandeni amaningi kuze kube ngamaqanda angama-600 okusajamo obukhulu obungamamitha ayi-1.8-2.2 × 2.4-2.9 mm. Amaqanda anamathiselwe ngawodwa emaqabungeni ezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi ekujuleni kuka-10-45 cm. Owesifazane ugoba iqabunga leqabunga ngemilenze yangemuva ukuze iqanda lisongwe.
Izibungu zivela ngezinsuku eziyi-13 kuya kweziyi-20 futhi zifinyelele kubude obungu-6-7 mm; ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5 ukuya ku-3, ziqala ukubonwa njenge-metamorphosis. I-larva esanda kuzalwa inomsila omisiwe onomugqa omfushane, ongaphambili lwezinsika (imilenze yangemuva ivela cishe ngosuku lwe-20 ngemuva kokuqokwa) kanye nohlobo lwangaphandle lwe-cirrus.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, izibungu azondli kunoma yini, ngoba umlomo wazo awukakavezwa, kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokugqashuka kwegebe lomlomo, uqala ukuzingela ngentshiseko izilwane ezincane, uzilandele ngaphandle kokuba zigasele. Izibungu ze-newt ezivamile zihola indlela yokuphila ethile phakathi kwezithako zezitshalo zasemanzini, zakha iqembu lemvelo lama-phytophiles. Amathikithi amancane, uma eseqede ushintsho, ashiya okokugcina futhi ahola indlela yokuphila esekwe emhlabeni. Ukuphuma okuningi kwezingane zonyaka kwenzeka maphakathi no-Agasti, ubude bawo bomzimba ngalesi sikhathi bufika ku-35 mm. Bavuthwa ngokobulili ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu wokuphila.
Entwasahlobo, ama-tritons asebenza ubusuku nemini ezitolo zokugcina. Emhlabeni, imisebenzi yansuku zonke ye-amphibians ishintshwa ibe yisikhathi sokuhlwa, kepha ngezinsuku zemvula ziyasebenza phakathi nosuku. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ngesikhathi sokufudukela emachibini nasekubusika, ungabona okusha ngesikhathi sasemini.
I-newt evamile ishiya ubusika ngoSepthemba nango-Okthoba. Imvamisa kwenzeka emiseleni yamagundane, ezigxotsheni ezindala, ngaphansi kwenqwaba yamahlamvu, amatshe amakhulu, imvamisa emiphongolweni. Iqoqo lasebusika lingafaka izilwane ezingamakhulu amaningana, zivame ukuhlangana namanye ama-amphibians (amasele, ubuhlalu, ubuhlalu).
Izici zokunciphisa kanye nesimo
Izitha zemvelo zezintsha zinhlanzi (i-pike ejwayelekile, i-European carp, i-perch, njll.), Ama-amphibians (i-lake frog, i-garlic ejwayelekile), izirhubuluzi (ezivamile kakade), izinyoni (i-grey heron, i-mallard, i-teal ephukile, njll.), Izilwane ezincelisayo ( i-vole yamanzi), izinambuzane zasemanzini ezi-carnivorous (i-bedbug) nezibungu zazo. Intsha eningi ifa ebusika obubandayo ikakhulukazi, futhi izibungu ziyafa lapho amadamu omile.
I-newt ejwayelekile ifakiwe kwiSithasiselo III seBerne Convention. Izinhlobo azidingi izindlela zokuvikela ezikhethekile.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Common Newt
Ama-new tloaelets kukhona abamele isigaba esikhulu sezilwane: "Ama-Amphibians". Lolu uhlobo lwento entsha evela kuhlobo lwama-newts amasha, athathwa njengolunye lwezinto eziningi emhlabeni jikelele. NgesiLatini, igama lesilwane lizwakala njengo- "Lissotriton vulgaris". Ngokokuqala ngqa lolu hlobo lwesilwane lwabonwa futhi lwachazwa nguKarl Linnaeus, isazi semvelo esidumile saseSweden. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka emuva ngo-1758. Ama-Tritons, kufaka phakathi ezejwayelekile, abizwa ngegama lawo ukuhlonipha unkulunkulu uTriton. Lo nkulunkulu uvame ukuboniswa egibela ihlengethwa, elicwiliswa kancane amaza olwandle.
Ividiyo: Common Newt
Ungayibona kanjani futhi uyihlukanise i-newt ejwayelekile kwamanye ama-amphibians? Lokhu kungenziwa ngezizathu eziningana. I-newt ejwayelekile incane kakhulu. Ubude bawo abuvamile ukuba ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayishumi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngamasentimitha ayishumi, ngaphezulu kwengxenye kuhlala umsila. Isikhumba se-triton enjalo simunca kancane noma sibushelelezi ngokuphelele, sipendwe ngomuthi omnqumo oluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu onamabala amancane amnyama. Lolu hlobo luhluka ezihlotsheni zalo eziseduzane zama-newts ngokubakhona kwemivimbo emide ekhanda ngombala omnyama, obekwe ezinhlangothini.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: I-newt ejwayelekile, ngaphandle kokubukeka kwayo nenhle nosayizi omncane, iyingozi ezilwaneni eziningi. Isikhumba sale amphibian sikhipha ubuthi obubulalayo. Le nto ayiyona ingozi kubantu, kepha ezilwaneni eziningi ezinegazi efudumele ingabulala. Ubuthi obunjalo bacishe bawaqede masinyane onke amaplatelet egazini, okuholela ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo.
I-newt ejwayelekile iyisidalwa esincane, hhayi esidabukisayo futhi esingazithobi. Ithandwa kakhulu ngabasolwandle, ngakho-ke kuvame ukutholakala ekhaya. Ukugcina isilwane esinjalo ekhaya akunzima. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womuntu ukudala nokugcina izimo zilungile: ukukhanyisa, inhlabathi, ukugcwaliswa nosayizi we-terrarium, umsoco. Ukunikeza izimo ezifanele, umuntu uzokwazi ukuthola isilwane esihle esizophila okungenani iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: I-New newt emanzini
I-Triton vulgaris inezici eziningi zangaphandle zokuziphatha:
- ubukhulu obuncane. Ubude bomzimba walesi silwane abudluli amasentimitha ayishumi - abesilisa bahlala bekhula kancane kunabesifazane. Amasentimitha ayishumi abheka umsila, okungenani uhhafu wobude bonke,
- bushelelezi, kancane kaningi - isikhumba esikhanyayo. Umbala wesikhumba ungaba nsundu, umnqumo. Isisu sihlala silula ukwedlula ingemuva: orange ophuzi noma okhanyayo. Kukhona amabala amnyama emzimbeni, nasekhanda kukhona imivimbo emnyama ezinhlangothini,
- imilenze ekhule kahle. ITriton inemilenze emine enobude obufanayo. Imilenze emibili yangaphambili ineminwe emithathu noma emine, kuthi emuva - emihlanu. Amaphayi avumela lesi silwane ukubhukuda kahle, ngaphandle kwezinkinga zokuhamba ngaphansi kwendawo yokugcina. Emhlabeni, ama-newt ajwayelekile ahamba kancane,
- ukungaboni kahle, kepha umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga. Abantu abadala bangafunda inyamazane yabo ngisho namakhulu amabili amamitha,
- amazinyo conical. Zitholakala esibhakabhakeni ngemigqa emibili ehambisanayo. Amazinyo ahluka kancane ekhoneni elincane. Ukuhleleka okunjalo kwamazinyo kusiza isilwane ukubamba inyamazane siqine emlonyeni waso.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-new tloa ajwayelekile anesici esiyingqayizivele - ayakwazi ukubuyisa ngokuphelele izitho zawo zangaphakathi, amehlo noma izitho ezilahlekile.
Ihlala kuphi i-newt ejwayelekile?
Photo: I-New newt emvelweni
Kwama-triton ajwayelekile, amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, anqabile afanelekile. Lezi zilwane zihlala, zizalela ezindaweni zokugcina noma ezihamba kancane. Emhlabeni bacasha kuwo izihlahlana, angatholakala emapaki, izingadi, amabhande asehlathini. Izindawo ezivulekile ziyagwemeka. I-Triton ejwayelekile iyisidalwa esivame kakhulu. Ihlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Okuwukuphela kwendawo eyehlukile yilezi ezinye izindawo: eCrimea, eningizimu yeFrance, ePortugal, e-Antarctica, eSpain. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo incike ekuxhumaneni kwe-newt ejwayelekile.
Kunezindlela eziyisikhombisa zokubhaliswa:
- I-Aresky. Ukuphila eGrisi, eMasedonia, e-Albania naseBulgaria,
- Triton Schmidtler. Kungatholakala kuphela entshonalanga neTurkey,
- I-Ampelic. Ibizwa nangokuthi amagilebhisi. Ifaka i-dorsal crest ephansi, ihlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRomania,
- I-Triton cosmoswig. Ubuye abe ngumhlali waseTurkey. Ungahlangana nesilwane esinjalo ogwini olusentshonalanga,
- Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris. Lokhu ukubuka kokuphakanyiswa. Kuyinto evame kakhulu. Indawo yokuhlala yayo yemvelo isuka e-Ireland iye eSiberia esentshonalanga. Ukwahluka kwesilwane esinjalo yi-dorsal crest ephezulu, ithiphu ekhonjisiwe yomsila,
- I-Southern commont entsha. Indawo yokuhlala yayo yemvelo yiSlovenia, ingxenye esenyakatho ye-Italy, eningizimu yeFrance,
- Triton Lanza. Izimpilo ziseningizimu yeRussia, enyakatho ye-Armenia, eAzerbaijan naseGeorgia.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-newt ejwayelekile ihlala kuphi, ake sibheke ukuthi idlani.
Ngabe kudlani i-newt?
Isithombe: I-Triton ejwayelekile eRussia
Izinto ezintsha ezijwayelekile kepha ziyizidalwa ezindala kakhulu. Bangabhukudi abahle kakhulu, ama-paws abo ayashukumiseka, aneminwe, okuwavumela ukuthi akwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha ngaphansi kwekholomu lamanzi ngaphansi kwerebi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Lezi zingane zizingelwa cishe njalo ngempumelelo. Bangakwazi ukuhambisana nezisulu ezisheshayo, futhi umuzwa wokuhogela ukuvumela ukuba ukuhoge ngisho nangamamitha amamitha kude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-newts avamile anomlomo oqinile onemigqa emibili yamazinyo. Ngosizo lwayo, isilwane sibamba kalula inyamazane.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Kunzima ukwedlula ukwahlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane we-newt ejwayelekile. Ezikhathini ezijwayelekile, lo mehluko uwusayizi wesilwane kuphela. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, kodwa futhi lokhu iqiniso elincane elibonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, umehluko ocansini uyezwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ikamu livela ngemuva kwabesilisa.
Ukudla kwe-triton ejwayelekile kufaka:
- crustaceans
- izibungu zezinambuzane namanye ama-invertebrates,
- inhlanzi caviar
- tadpoles
- ama-slugs kanye nemikhonyane,
- izibungu
- izibungu
- imishini.
Into ethokozisa kakhulu ukuthi iphango linamandla kakhulu emanzini weNewts. Emhlabeni badla okuncane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emanzini isisu sabo sicishe sibe ngamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye agcwele amanzi, futhi emhlabeni - ngamaphesenti angamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu. Ekhaya, ukudla ezilwaneni kuhlukile kancane. Ama-amphibians anjalo aphakanyiswa ngemikhonyane, i-bloodworms, i-aquarium shrimp.
Kodwa-ke, udinga ukugcina futhi ukondle ama-newts ajwayelekile ngokucophelela. Ikakhulu, isihlabathi noma amatshe amatshe amancane kakhulu awanakubekwa kwi-terrarium. Ngesikhathi sokudla, isilwane singaginya okusanhlamvu kwesihlabathi bese kuba nethuba eliphezulu lokuthi i-newt izofa ngenxa yokuvinjwa kwamathumbu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Red Book Common Triton
Izinto ezintsha ezijwayelekile zabantu abadala zihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini neyasemhlabeni. Zinamaphaphu namaphaphu, okubenza bakhululeke emhlabeni nasemanzini. Impahla enjalo yemvelo isiza lezi zilwane ukuba ziphila ngesikhathi sesomiso lapho ichibi loma. Ngokuvamile, indlela yokuphila ye-newt ejwayelekile ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: ubusika, ihlobo. Ebusika, umsebenzi wommeleli we-salamander uba mncane kakhulu. Newts ebusika emhlabeni, ifuna indawo yokukhosela ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Njengesiphephelo, i-newt ejwayelekile iyokwanela ngisho nenqwaba yamaqabunga. Kepha inketho engcono kakhulu umgodi oshiyiwe. Kaningi, okusha kuhambisana nokuhlangana nezihlobo zabo. Ukudla ubusika neqembu kukhulisa amathuba ezilwane ezisindayo. Iqembu lingaba nabantu abadala abangaphezulu kwamashumi amathathu. Lapho izinga lokushisa elisehlelayo lihla ngaphansi kwe-zero, ama-newts aqandeka, ayeke ngokuphelele ukuhamba.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi ama-newts ajwayelekile awusizo olukhulu kubantu. Lezi zidalwa ezincane zibhubhisa inani elikhulu lomiyane. Bazidla bobabili esiteji se-lazval futhi sebebadala.
Entwasahlobo, ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kwama-degree Celsius, ama-newts avuka ngemuva kokuqandisa bese ebuyela emanzini. Amanzi ngalesi sikhathi ayabanda impela, kepha ama-newts abekezelela lokushisa kahle. Esikhathini sehlobo, ama-newt ajwayelekile asebenza ebusuku. Abathandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo, abangavumelani kahle nokushisa. Emini ungabona isilwane esinjalo emvuleni kuphela. Imvamisa, abatsha bahlala emhlambini omncane, ngamunye unabantu abacishe babe abathathu kuya kwabane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Common Newt ngaphansi kwamanzi
Ukuqala kwesikhathi sokukhwelana kuyahlangana nomzuzu wokushiya izindawo zokukhosela ebusika. Lapho nje abasha abasha beya emanzini futhi entwasahlobo, imidlalo esebenzayo yokuzalela iqala ngokushesha. Amachibi, owesilisa nowesifazane kancane kancane bayasondela, babhukuda ndawonye. Ngalesi sikhathi, omele ubulili obunamandla uzama ukushaya umsila wakhe amthandayo kanzima. Isikhathi esithile ngemuva kwemidlalo enjalo, izilwane ziyagana.
Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha isikhathi eside. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-newt femens iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda amaningi. Kwesinye isikhathi inani labo likumakhulu futhi lingafinyelela izingcezu ezingamakhulu ayisikhombisa. I-testicle ngalinye elibekwe kahle lifakwa imaski ngokucophelela ngowesifazane. Ubeka eqabungeni lesitshalo esicwiliswe emanzini bese siwagoba. Ngale ndlela, ukwazile ukudala uhlobo oluthile lwesikhwama. Kuyo, inzalo yesikhathi esizayo ivikelekile ngokwethembekile, ngoba iqabunga eligoqiwe libanjwa liqinile ngenxa yokuqina kweqanda.
Inqubo yokuvuthwa kwama-testicles ime kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuvela izibungu ezinomsila kubo. Izibungu cishe cishe ngamamilimitha ayisikhombisa.Usuku lokuqala lokuphila kwayo, izibungu azidli futhi zizama ukungazivezi ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ngosuku lwesibili kuphela umlomo wakhe unqamula, ukuvumela ukuthi uqale ukudla. Ngemuva kwamaviki amathathu, izibungu ziqhamuka imilenze, kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili nengxenye isibungu siphenduke i-newt evamile.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, ngokuwa, izibungu zithola ukubukeka kwabantu abadala. Enyakatho kwendawo yemvelo, izibungu azinaso isikhathi sokudlulela kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthuka, ngakho-ke, zigcwele amagalari angaphandle.
Izitha zemvelo zezinto ezijwayelekile
Isithombe: I-Triton ejwayelekile eRussia
Izinto ezintsha ezivamile futhi ziyizidalwa ezingenakuzivikela. Banamaphesenti aphakeme kakhulu okusinda ekudingisweni kuphela. Ekhaya, lezi zilwane zingafinyelela iminyaka engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Endle, ukuthola umuntu omdala wale minyaka cishe akunakwenzeka. Isilinganiso sokuphila esilinganiselwe ekudingisweni ngama-newts yiminyaka eyishumi nane kuphela. Enye yezizathu zomehluko omkhulu kangaka ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezitha zemvelo.
Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezitha zabantu abasha silala emanzini. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba la ma-amphibians asebenzisa isikhathi esiningi emachibini. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala emizimbeni yamanzi azihambi ngokudlela ukudla okujwayelekile.
Izitha ezimbi kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- isihlobo. Naphezu kobuhlobo obuqondile, intsha eningi idla okuncane. Isibonelo, ama-tritons we-comb ahlala abonakala kulokhu,
- amasele. Ama-Amphibians angabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Kibo, i-newts inyamazane elula kakhulu,
- inhlanzi. I-Perch, i-pike, i-carp ejwayelekile nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi zihlasela ama-amphibians amadala noma zidle izibungu zazo,
- izinyoka nezinyoka. Babamba ngokungafanele izimbotshana ezingaboni kahle futhi bazigwinye cishe ngokuphelele,
- izinyoni nezinye izilwane ezihlala emhlabeni. Izinto ezintsha ezivame ukuvela emhlabeni. Kepha uma bephuma lapho, baba inyamazane elula yezilwane nezinyoni ezithile, ngoba emhlabeni izinto ezintsha ziba zimbi kakhulu. Abanandaba nokudla ama-voles amanzi, ama-grey herons, ama-mallards.
Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke into entsha evamile engenakuzivikela. Ukubhaliswa okuningi kunesikhumba esinobuthi kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-new-beled newt emaphethelweni ayo iqukethe ubuthi obuningi ngokwanele ukubulala izinduku ezincane eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Common Newt
AmaNewts ejwayelekile anezinga eliphakeme lokuzala. Isikhathi esisodwa sokuzala, izinsikazi ziyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda acishe abe ngamakhulu ayisikhombisa. Ezindaweni eziningi zezindawo zemvelo, le ndawo ivumela izilwane ukuba zigcine inani elizinzileyo labantu. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nokuqina okuphezulu kwezinye izindawo akukwazanga ukusindisa lesi simo, futhi namuhla emazweni amaningi inani labantu be-newt lehlile kakhulu.
Siyini isizathu sokwehla okukhulu kwenani lama-amphibians?
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa eziphambili:
- isikhathi esifushane sokuphila. Ekuthunjweni, i-newt ayihlali iminyaka eyishumi nane. Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukushoda kokudla, isomiso kanye nokulimazeka ezitheni zemvelo. Izindawo ezintsha ezijwayelekile zincane kakhulu, azinampilo enhle kakhulu, aziboni kahle futhi zimbi kakhulu emhlabeni. Konke lokhu kubenza babe izisulu ezilula,
- Ukungcoliswa kwezidumbu zamanzi. Amanzi angcolile, isamba esikhulu sedoti - konke lokhu kunciphisa izilwane zemizi yazo nokudla,
- ushintsho lwendawo kanye nesimo sezulu kwezinye izindawo zasendaweni yemvelo. Amachibi amaningi ayakhishwa, kancane kancane ayanyamalala. Ukushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu kuthinta kabi nabantu abasha. Lezi zilwane azihambelani kahle nokushisa.
Ukuvikelwa Okuvamile KweTriton
Photo: Red Book Common Triton
I-newt ejwayelekile iyisidalwa esincane kodwa esisebenzayo. Kuyasiza ukulawula inani lomiyane. Lawa ma-amphibians adla omiyane, kubandakanya nalabo abayingozi kakhulu kubantu - umalaleveva. Kuze kube manje, inani lalezi zilwane ezinenzuzo lehlile, ikakhulukazi kwezinye izindawo. Ngokusho kososayensi, ziningi izinto ezaba nomthelela kulokhu, kepha ukungcoliswa okuphelele kwezidumbu zamanzi nemvelo ibizwa ngokuthi yiyona eyinhloko.
Ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwenani lama-newtts ajwayelekile, afakwa kuhlu lwezincwadi ezibomvu zeAzerbaijan naseRussia. ESwitzerland, e-UK, le nhlobo yaziwa njengejwayelekile. ESwitzerland, inani lama-newts lehlile ngenxa yokudonsa okukhulu kwezidumbu zamanzi. Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, cishe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa ezidumbu zamanzi ezweni lonke akhishwa. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni isibalo sabantu abaphila ngokufana kangaka sehliswe amahlandla amane. Futhi kwaba nokwehla okungathi sína kwenani lezilwane ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ezikhathaza ososayensi kakhulu.
Futhi, i-newt ejwayelekile namuhla ingaphansi kokuvikelwa kweBerne Convention. Ama-Newts ama-amphibians aqhakaza kakhulu. Ukugcina nokubuyisela inani labantu, kuyadingeka ukuvikela izidumbu zamanzi ezikhona, ukuvikela uhlaza oluseduze kwabo kanye nokwenza ngcono isimo semvelo ezifundeni eziyinkinga.
I-Newt entsha - Omunye wabamele abancane kakhulu bomndeni wakhe. Lesi isilwane esihle kakhulu, esinikezwe amandla ahlukile okuphila emanzini nasemhlabeni. Ama-tritons alolu hlobo aletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kubantu, abhubhisa omiyane abayingozi nezibungu zabo. Namuhla, abasha abajwayelekile badinga ukunakwa okukhethekile kubantu, ngoba inani labo liyancipha minyaka yonke.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Imvamisa ngihlala ngamaqembu amancane abantu abaningana emizimbeni yamanzi enamanzi amile. Zingahlala emachibini amancane, emigodini. Into esemqoka ukuthi ichibi lihlala njalo. Uthanda amathokhethi aminyene ngaphansi kwamanzi. Iyasebenza emanzini ubusuku nemini. Zigcinwa ekujuleni okungadluli ku-50 cm.Zintanta ngemuva komoya njalo ngemizuzu engama-5-7. Kepha kuma-tritons, ukuba khona komoya-mpilo emanzini uqobo kubalulekile. Baqala indlela yokuphila yobusuku, ngoba abakwazi ukumelana nokushisa nokukhanya kwemini okukhanya. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi semvula, amahora okukhanya kwemini nawo angavela.
Ama-Tritons akhipha imisindo emifushane ku-3000-4000 Hz. Ekwindla, ngokushesha nje lapho kubanda, amakhowe avele aye emhlabathini futhi acashe ngaphansi kwenqwaba yamaqabunga. Zingakwazi ukungena emiseleni engenalutho yamacici amancane. Izinga lokushisa le-Zero livusa ukwehla kokunyakaza kokusha, kuze kufinyelele. Izilwane zifihliwe.
Kube nezimo lapho kutholakala khona umbuthano omkhulu wabantu kumakamelo angaphansi komhlaba nasema-cellular. Amashumi namakhulu ezinkulungwane zatholakala ngokudalwa ubusika ngale ndlela. Entwasahlobo babuyela endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaba kusuka kuma-4 kuye ku-12 degrees.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Adult newts ayakwazi ukuhola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini neyasemhlabeni. Ukuphefumula nezinhlungu namaphaphu. Uma ichibi loma, khona-ke isikhathi esithile abasha bayakwazi ukuhlala, bacashe ezingxenyeni ezishubile ze-algae ezimanzi.
Emhlabeni awkward. Kepha emanzini akhombisa ijubane elimangalisayo kanye nokuhamba kweminyakazo.
Bangaki abahlali abasha
Landisa ngamakhulu eminyaka ezweni lezilwane.. Iminyaka emaphakathi yokusinda ku-vivo yiminyaka eyi-10-14. Ekuthunjweni bangaphila iminyaka eyi-28 kuya ku-30. Kulokhu, ama-aquarists adala izimo ezikhethekile zempilo echumayo yalawa ma-amphibians.
Isibonelo, ichibi lokufakelwa lakhiwe ngokujula okungamasentimitha ayi-10. Imvamisa, isikhala sihlukaniswe umhlaba namanzi. Ukutholakala komhlaba kwakhiwa ngamatshe noma amatshe ayigugu. Ama-Shelter enziwe ngaphakathi. Amaphethelo echibini nakanjani awenzi bukhali, ngaphandle kwalokho isilwane silimala kalula. Indlu igcwele izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, i-newt izizwa induduzo nokuphepha. Kufanele ube nesihlungi emanzini.
I-terrarium itholakala kangcono kude nemithombo ekhanyayo eqondile. Ama-tritons awakwazi ukubekezelela ukushisa nokukhanyisa okuvulekile, aqale ukulimala futhi angafa. Umkhawulo wokushisa ophezulu kufanele ungabi ngaphezu kwama-25 degrees. I-Optimum-16 degrees degrees. Qinisekisa ukumboza i-terrarium ngesivimbo, njengoba isilwane siphunyuka njalo. Lapho sisefulethini, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola. Ekuthunjweni, ukugcina abesilisa ababili kuzoholela kuma-skirmish angapheli. Kungcono uqukathe abantu abathandanayo nabobulili obuhlukile.
Imibhalo engezansi yeTriton Ejwayelekile
Phakathi kokubhaliselwe kwe-newt ezejwayelekile hlukanisa:
- I-Newt entsha. Okuqokiwe, okubhalwe phansi kabanzi kakhulu. Kwenzeka kusuka e-Ireland kuye e-Western Siberia. Kwezici ezinobuntu bunama-crest aphezulu aphezulu ngemuva.
- I-grape noma i-ampel triton. Ihlala eRomania. Kwezimpawu zokuziphatha yi-crest dorsal iDemo, kuphela ngu-2-4 mm.
- I-Arets Newt. Kusatshalaliswa eGreece, eMakedoniya.
- I-Triton cosmoswig. Iningi lihlala eTurkey.
- Triton Lanza. IHabitat: eningizimu yeRussia, iGeorgia, iAzerbaijan, inyakatho ye-Armenia. Izindawo zakhe azithandayo ngamahlathi ahlanganayo futhi ahlanganisiwe. Ubude bomzimba 6-8 mm.
- I-South Triton. Kutholakala enyakatho ye-Italy, eningizimu yeSwitzerland.
- Triton Schmidtler. Kuthunyelwe esifundeni esentshonalanga yeTurkey.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
I-newt entsha ihlala lapho kukhona khona izimila ezicebile. Kusatshalaliswa cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Bahlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eNingizimu kanye naseNyakatho Melika, e-Asia, eSiberia yaseNtshonalanga. Zitholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamamitha afinyelela ku-1,500 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Bathanda ihlathi elixubile nelinqobayo, elinothile ezihlahleni. Gwema izindawo ezomile ezivulekile. Kodwa-ke, uma endaweni eyomile kunokuma, komzimba wamanzi ohlala njalo, khona-ke amashatha ahlala ngokuthula.
Ukudla kwe-triton ejwayelekile
Isisekelo sokudla ku-reservoir ngama-crustaceans, izibungu zezinambuzane namanye ama-invertebrates. Akenqabeli i-caviar, kanye ne-tadpoles. Emhlabeni, slugs, Earthworms, izibungu. Emanzini, akhombisa umsebenzi omkhulu wokudla okunempilo. Futhi, emhlabeni, ukudla kwe-newt ejwayelekile kungakhishwa, izibungu zezikhali.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Ukuthomba kwenzeka lapho eneminyaka engaba mibili. Umsebenzi wenzeka ngokushesha ngemuva kwe-hibernation, kusuka cishe ngoMashi. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bayashintsha. Zine-crest enomugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nomphetho owolintshi. Ikamu ligcotshwe ngemithambo yegazi, enikeza lowo muntu umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bavela ama-lobes phakathi kweminwe.
Owesilisa nowesifazane bangahlukaniswa ngesimo se-cloaca. Kwabesilisa likhulu futhi liyindilinga, futhi kwabesifazane kuyakhonjwa. Abesilisa, ngokuba semanzini, bafuna ngentshiseko insikazi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lapho bebona umuntu ongaba khona, babhukuda bese behlwitha, bathinte ubuso. Sebetholile ukuthi lokhu kungowesifazane, baqala ukudansa.
Umdanso wokulinganisa we-newt uyajabulisa futhi awujwayelekile. Ukusebenza kuqala ngokuthi owesilisa ngokungcebeleka, ehlehla abuyele emuva, ebhukuda kowesifazane. Ngemuva kwalokho asukume asondele ezingalweni zakhe zangaphambili. Imizuzwana embalwa kamuva, igoqa umsila wayo ngamandla, icindezela umfudlana wamanzi onamandla ngqo kowesifazane. Ngemuva kwalokho, owesilisa ushaya umsila wakhe ngamandla akhe onke, ngenkathi ebuka ukusabela kothando. Futhi, uma insikazi ithanda ukuqhutshwa okwenziwe ngamakhompiyutha, iyashiya futhi ivumele ukulandela.
Inqubo yokuvuthwa ngokwayo nayo ayijwayelekile. Owesilisa ubeka ama-spermatophores akhe emigodini, bese insikazi ibabamba nge-cesspool. Uthinta imiphetho ye-cesspool yakhe ngama-spermatophores, abese ewela ku-spermoteka, uhlobo lwephakethe ngendlela yepokhethi.
Ukusuka lapho, isidoda sigijimela emaqanda aphumayo siwafake. Ngemuva kwalokho inqubo yokusabalalisa iyaqala. Kuhlala isikhathi eside impela, cishe inyanga yonke. Etafuleni kukhona amaqanda afinyelela ku-700 futhi insikazi ngayinye igoqa ngokucophelela futhi inamathela eqabunga.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Izinsikazi ezinosayizi abancane zithanda abesilisa abancane abesilisa. Futhi, abesilisa abakhulu bavame ukukhombisa ukuthakazela izintokazi ezinkulu.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, kuvela izibungu zezinambuzane. Imizimba yabo ibuthakathaka, ingama-6mm kuphela, ngombala wokukhanya onamabala okukhanya nxazonke ezinhlangothini. Umhlane ungaba ophuzi noma ophuzi ngokubomvu. Kepha imibala ayikhanyi, ayibonakali. Into yokuqala ethuthuka kahle umsila. Ijubane lokuhamba ithikithi lokusinda. Kodwa umuzwa wokuhogela ubonakala kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-9 ukuya kwezi-10.
Kepha, ngemuva kwamahora angama-48, umlomo uyaphuma, bese izinsana ezintsha ziqala ukubamba inyamazane ngokwazo. Imvamisa idla izibungu zomiyane. Ekuqaleni, ukuphefumula gill, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, kuvela kwamaphaphu. Esigabeni sezibungu, ama-tritons aveze amagerimu wangaphandle we-cirrus. Izandla zomsipha ziqala ukuvela ngezinsuku 21- 22.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ezintathu, i-triton ikhula ngenkuthalo futhi ikhula, bese izama ukuphatha umhlaba okokuqala.. Ngesikhathi sokufinyelela komhlaba, ubude bomzimba buyi-4-5 cm. Ngemuva kokuzala okokuqala, laba bantu base-amphibians baqala ukuhola impilo ephelele emhlabeni. Isikhumba se-newt sikhipha ubuthi, siphephe ngokuphelele kubantu, kepha sibhubhisa izilwane ezincane.
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