Naphezu kwendawo encane kakhulu, peninsula yaseCrimea inezindawo zemvelo ezahlukahlukene. Ama-Steppes ahlala emahlathini omanzi nezintaba. Izimo ezinjalo zemvelo zilungele ukuchuma kwezilwane. Abantu abaningi abaphethwe yi-Crimea bahlala eCrimea, kanti nezilwane ezihlala endaweni yonke nazo zithuthukisiwe.

Izici zezidalwa zaseCrimea

Izitebhisi ezingapheli zitholakala enyakatho peninsula. Izintaba zobugebengu zanda ukusuka enyakatho kuye empumalanga. Izindawo ezingaseningizimu zitholakala esifundeni esingasencane, kunesimo sezulu esiphansi lapha. Isempumalanga imelelwa ngama-capes amancane kanye nama-bays. Entshonalanga welula ugu olude. Imifula eminingi isezolile, ebangeni lokushisa ihlobo eminye yayo isha ngokuphelele. Ukwakheka kwezilwane kubampofu kunasemazweni angomakhelwane. Futhi, izinhlobo eziningi zezifo zihlala eCrimea. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwe-peninsula.

Izintaba ZaseCrimea kanye nogu lolwandle Olumnyama ziyingxenye yesifunda saseMedithera zoogeographic futhi zihlukaniswa ngokungabikho kwezinhlobo eziningi zamahlathi ajwayelekile, kanye nokuba khona kwezinhlobo zeBalkan, Middle East, zaseMedithera kanye nezezifo. Izilwane zasentabeni ezicebile zicebile ikakhulukazi emithambekeni esenyakatho yeJaila, emahlathini endaweni yokugcina yemvelo yaseCrimea, lapho iCityan deer (isizinda sendawo), iCrimean chamois, i-pine marten, impungushe, umarten, imvukuzane nezinye izinhlobo ziphila.

Ukwakheka kwalezi zinyoni kufaka oklebe, izikhova, ama-jay, ama-petroics, ama-buntings asezintabeni, ama-blackbirds, ama-chasers kanye nezinhlobo eziningana zase-Mediterranean. Izinhlobo eziningana zezinhlanzi nazo ziyatholakala. Ezinye izilwane, isibonelo, i-mouflon, amaprotheni, njll. - Ukutholakala endaweni evikelwe eCrimea. Kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisogwini oluseningizimu kukhona ubugebengu be-Crimean gecko, i-Crimean lizard kanye ne-rock lizard. Abamele abalingiswa be-invertebrates yi-cicada, i-mantis ethandazayo, i-scolopendra, i-Crimea Scorpion ne-Crimea yebhungane emnyama. Izinhlobo eziningi zemollusks zaseMedithera nazo zivamile. Phakathi kwezinambuzane, abamele iqembu le-diptera bayabusa. Izimbali zokuqala nezilwane zaseCrimea zigcinwa kangcono ezindaweni ezivikelwe peninsula.

Ngezansi kunezithombe nencazelo emfushane yabanye abamele bezilwane zasendle eCrimea.

Intaba impungushe

Ummeleli womndeni wamaCanine uhlala eYurophu, e-Asia, e-Afrika, eNyakatho Melika. Empondweni, impungushe isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo. Umzimba wempungushe ufinyelela ku-90 cm ubude, nomsila - 50 cm. Isisindo sisukela ku-2 kuye ku-14 kg. Bahlala ezindaweni ezivalekile: imifudlana yamadwala, imigodi yomoya, imigodi yezihlahla, imisele yezinye izilwane. Ukudla kwezilwane kufaka namagundane, izinyoni nezithelo zesihlahla. Umsebenzi wezimpungushe kuncike ngqo ekunikezelweni kokudla. Inzalo ivela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi eduze kokuwa, ukukhula okuncane sekuvele kukhiqizwe ngokuzimela. Njengamanje kuvunyelwe ukuzingela kwe-fox, okunemiphumela emibi. Ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani lalaba bantu abazingelayo, inani lamagundane liyakhula.

I-Black Sea Garfish

Izinhlanzi zihlala emanzini afudumele oLwandle Olumnyama kanye ne-Azov. Unomzimba omncane nomhlathi ophakeme. Umbala uluhlaza okotshani, emuva kukhona umucu omnyama. Umuntu omdala unesisindo esingama-500 g ngokwesilinganiso.U ubude bomzimba buhluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-75. I-garfish idla ngama-sprats, hamsa kanye nama-shrimps. Usukela inyamazane yakhe ngamajezi, eba nesivinini esikhulu. Lezi zinhlanzi azihambi impilo yokuhlala phansi, futhi zihlala zihamba njalo. Ukunambitha, lo mbala ufana ne-saury, kepha abaningi basaba ngombala ohlaza okotshani wamathambo akhe. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinhlanzi azinobuthi.

I-White Marten

Isilwane esifuyayo esidla izindwani esithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, emihumeni, emifantwini nasezigodini. Imvamisa, ama-marten atholakala kumapaki amahlathi nasezindlini ezilahliwe. Ubude bomzimba buyi-40-59 cm, kanti isisindo yi-1-2 kg. Imbila idla izinduku ezincane, utshani, amagxolo ezihlahla, amakhowe kanye nama-mosses. Imvamisa izilwane zidla izidleke zezinyoni. Umfelokazi uhlala emigodini, ugxuma kahle esihlahleni uye esihlahleni futhi uphila impilo emnyama ebusuku. Izingane zizalwa ngo-Ephreli, kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ziye zizingele nonina. Izitha zemvelo yizimpisi, impungushe, i-lynx, isikhova sokhozi kanye nokhozi.

I-squirrel Tele

Ekuqaleni, i-rodent encane yayihlala emahlathini e-Altai, kodwa eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule yalethwa eCrimea. Lapha, iprotheni ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele. I-Teleutka ihlukile kwezinye izingqangi zesigcawu esijwayelekile ngosayizi omkhulu: ubude bomzimba ngaphandle komsila bungama-28 cm, isisindo sivame ukudlula kuma-300 g. I-Teleutus ihlukaniswa ngamakhekhe ezindlebeni kanye nomsila ogelezayo, bese kuthi ebusika kuguge umbala kusuka kobomvu kube nsundu. Ulungiselela ukuxuba amahlathi namapaki okuziphilisa. I-squirrel ingakwazi ukunqoba ama-3 m ngesikhathi, igxuma esihlahleni iye kwesinye. Izimbobo zisebenza njengesiphephelo sezilwane, ezizifakayo ngosizo lwamahlamvu owomile, umhlwa, utshani. Ezimweni zasemadolobheni, ama-squirrel ahlala ezindlini zezinyoni. Ukudla kwehlukahlukene futhi kufaka phakathi: amantongomane, imbewu yezihlahla zikaphayini, amakhowe, amajikijolo nezithelo. Ngenkathi efudumele, amaprotheni agcinwe kakhulu ngokudla kwebusika. Izitha zemvelo yizimpungushe, izindunduma, izikhova, izikhova nezikhozi.

Ama-vertebrates

E-peninsula yaseCrimea kunezinhlobo ezingama-31 zezinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile, izinhlobo ezingama-116 zezinhlanzi zasolwandle zasogwini, izinhlobo ezi-6 zezilwane eziphila emanzini, iziphindaphindana eziyi-14, izilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-53 (amalulwane ayi-18, izinduku eziyi-14, ama-carnivores ayi-8, ama-6 ama -tivikeli, ama-artiodactyls ama-4, ama-cetaceans ama-3 izinhlobo zezinyoni (kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-283 zokuzalela noma ezenzeka njalo, azikho izinhlobo zezifo).

ISteppe viper

Inyoka ifakwe ku-Red Book njengezinhlobo ezisengozini. Isilwane esihlala izilwane zasendle sihlala ezintabeni eziphakeme neziyizintaba, ngasogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi, ezigodini ezinezintaba nasezigodini zobumba. Umzimba ungama-50 cm, izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa. Ubuso benyoka obukhali budonswa phambili. I-steppe viper inombala wesikhumba onsundu, ngemuva kukhona iphethini le-zigzag. Lapho zifuna ukudla, izidalwa ezifuywayo zivame ukukhwela emagatsheni esihlahla nasezihlahleni, ngaphandle kwaleli bhulashi elibhukuda kahle. Umthombo wokudla izinambuzane, izibungu, amachwane, izinduku namaxoxo. I-Viper venom iyingozi ezinganeni nakubantu abanezinkinga zezempilo. Inyoka ayike ihlasele kuqala, ngakho-ke zonke izehlakalo zokulimana zenzeka ngenxa yobudedengu bomuntu. Izitha zemvelo ze-steppe viper zingama-badger, i-ferrets, i-hedgehogs, izingwamza, izikhova kanye nezinkozi.

Izinyamazane zobugebengu

Lezi zilwane zingamaphethelo enhlonhlo. Ngobukhulu, ahlukile kancane kwezinye izinhlobo zenyamazane. Ukuphakama kowesilisa lapho ebuna yi-1,3-1,6 m, isisindo sifinyelela ku-260 kg. Izimpondo zezinsikazi ezincane zifana nemidlalo, izinqubo zikhula kubantu abadala. I-Deer ithanda amahlathi akhanyayo, ihlangana nama-mayadows kanye nokushiswa okwedlulele. Badla ukudla kwemvelaphi yezitshalo: amahlamvu, amaqabunga, amahlumela amancane ezihlahla. Ehlobo, izilwane zengeza amakhowe, amajikijolo kanye ne-moss ekudleni. Indima enkulu empilweni yalawa ma-artiodactyls idlalwa ngamabele. Lapho kuqala ubusika, izinyamazane ziya ngasogwini oluseningizimu. Izilwane ezinkulu azinazitha zemvelo.

Isithombo seGriffon

Inyoni yezinyamazane, okungekaHawks womndeni, ezihlala ogwini oluseningizimu ye-peninsula. Ubude bomzimba womhlolo bungama-110 cm, kanti amaphiko ngamasentimitha angama-250. Inhloko yabantu abadala imbozwe nge-fluff emhlophe, lonke iplamu lipendiwe nsundu. Izinyoni zakha izidleke ezindaweni ezakhiwe kanzima zamatshe. Insikazi ibekela iqanda elilodwa ekugcineni kobusika. Bobabili abalingani babamba iqhaza ekufushweni. Inkukhu iyaqhuma esidlekeni inezinyanga ezintathu ubudala. Imisuka kungukuhlafunwa, okuyisisekelo sokudla kwabo izidumbu zezilwane. Azisebenzisi isikhumba nama-tendon, ngokuyinhloko zidla isibindi. Inyoni ayihlaseli izilwane eziphilayo futhi ingabulawa yindlala isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokufuna ukudla, izimpungushe zibuyela esidlekeni ziyophumula. Izitha zemvelo yizikhonyane, ezingabhubhisa amaqanda namachwane. Imisuka ibhekwa njengeyizilwane ezingandile; cishe izidleke ezingama-130 esidlekeni. Namuhla, izinyoni zivikelwe yiziqiwu ezimbili zamaCrimea.

Ama-invertebrates

ECrimea, izinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezingama-10 ama-invertebrates aqapheleka, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziyi-17 zezimungulu, izinhlobo ezingama-60 zama-dragonflies, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-3000 zezimbungulu, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-700 zezimbungulu, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zama-orthoptera, ama-mantis ayi-5, ama-cockwatch ayi-7, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-2 200 zezimvemvane, okungaba ngu-700 okungama-scoops namabhu, okungenani izinhlobo ezingama-116 zezimvemvane zeklabhu, kufaka phakathi i-Black Sea Marigold nezinhlobo ezingama-25 zeSpeckledI-Zygaenidae), Izinhlobo ezingama-64 zezinundu zezinsana, izinhlobo ezingama-40 zomiyane abanambitha igazi, izinhlobo ezingama-190 nezinhlobo ezingama-55 zezimpukane zabesifazane, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-500 zesicabucabu, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziyi-110 zezidalwa ezingama-mollusks (zazo izinhlobo ezingama-19 ezingubhubhane). Phakathi colembol emqolombeni endweni I-Arrhopalites karabiensis, Ama-Pygmarrhopalites tauricus (Arrhopalitidae).

IHymenoptera imelwe, kufaka phakathi, amaqembu anjalo: Izinhlobo ezingama-86 zezintuthwane (ezingaphezu kwama-70 eningizimu yeCrimea, izinhlobo ezingama-3 zezifo - Chalepoxenus tauricus, Strongylognathus arnoldii, Plagiolepis karawajewi), izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 zomswakama okhazimulayo, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweziyi-100 zezinyosi, izinhlobo ezingama-24 zezingumbungulu, izinhlobo ezingama-157 nezinhlobo ezingama-60 zohlobo lokumba nokuhlanza isihlabathi (I-Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, ICrabronidae), Izinhlobo eziyi-9 zomswakama, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-90 zama-wasps ezinamaphiko (kubandakanya uhlobo lwe-1) Masarinae, Izinhlobo ezingama-76 Eumeninae, Izinhlobo ezi-3 I-Polistinae nezinhlobo eziyi-7 I-Vespinae), kanye nabagibeli, sawflies nabanye.

AmaColeopterans, noma amabhungane, amelelwa ngamaqembu alandelayo (Mosyakin, Puchkov, 2000): amabhungane omhlabathi (Carabidae) - Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-500, i-barbel (I-Cerambycidae) - Izinhlobo eziyi-150, amabhungane amaqabunga (Chrysomelidae) - Izinhlobo ezingama-350, i-lamellar (Scarabaeidae) - Izinhlobo eziyi-145, i-goldenfish (Buprestidae) - Izinhlobo ezingama-96, amabhungane amabhungane (IScolytinae) - Izinhlobo eziyi-81, i-karapuziki (Histeridae) - Izinhlobo ezingama-62, ama-ladybugs (Coccinellidae) - Izinhlobo ezingama-40, imizimba ethambile (I-Cantharidae) - Izinhlobo ezingama-29, ama-nutcrackers (Elateridae) - Izinhlobo ezingama-56, i-grinders (Anobiidae) - Izinhlobo ezingama-47, izikhonkwane zamanzi (I-Hydrophilidae) - Izinhlobo ezingama-57, ezixubekile (Cleridae) - Izinhlobo eziyi-17, okusanhlamvu (I-Bruchidae) - Izinhlobo ezingama-34, i-humpback (UMordellidae) - Izinhlobo ezingama-30, zimnyama (I-Tenebrionidae) - Izinhlobo ezingama-83 nezinye (imindeni enkulu kunazo zonke I-Curculionidae futhi Staphylinidae dinga ukubuyekezwa). Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-end End: Tauride pseudo-phenops, i-pseudo-phenops kaJacobson.

195 zezinhlobo ezingama-228 zezinambuzane ezifakwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yase-Ukraine (2009) zihlala eCrimea (ezinezinhlobo ezingama-45 - eCrimea kuphela).

Izinhlobo ezingalingani kanye ezisengozini

Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, izimpisi zazivame eCrimea. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni evela kwabezindaba beKomidi Lezindawo Zokulwa Nezamahlathi laseCrimea, impisi yokugcina yaseCrimea yabulawa ngo-1922 eduze kwendawo eyayihamba ngasempumalanga yeChatyr-Dag. Ngo-2000s, izimpisi zaphinde zaqala ukungena eCrimea zisuka e-Ukraine. Ngakho-ke ngo-Ephreli 2012 esifundeni saseKrasnogvardeisky emadolobhaneni asePyatikhatka naseKurgannoye, kulimale abantu abane ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yisiguli sempisi.

Izilwane ezinobugebengu

Isikhundla sendawo ye peninsula ihlukile. Izindawo ezintathu zezulu ezinesimo esiphakeme sokuhlukahluka zimelwe: i-piedmont, izwe elizwelayo, elithambile. Ukusondela kwendawo yezilwandle eziMnyama kanye ne-Azov, iziGodi zaseCrimea, amachibi angama-50, imifula engaphezu kuka-250 kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwezitshalo ezingandile nendawo yokuhlala izilwane ezihlala zodwa, okungukuthi, eziphila kulezizimo kuphela.

ICrimea ibizwa ngokuthi i-Australia encane ngenxa yobungqabavu bezidalwa zayo endaweni encane (cishe amakhilomitha skwele angama-26,000).

Esikhathini esedlule somlando, izindlulamithi nezintshe zazihlala kunhlonhlo. Ushintsho lwesimo sezulu luholele ekubonakaleni kwama-reindeer ne-arctic foxes. Yize abacwaningi bekuphawula lokho izilwane zaseCrimea ampofu kunezindawo ezingomakhelwane, kukhombisa ukuxubana okumangalisayo kwezinhlobo zezinto ezinamakhemikhali ezingene zazijwayela izindawo zokuhlala zasendaweni.

Ukwehla kwesidumbu seCrimea, ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, akuchazwanga nje kuphela ngokushintsha kwemvelo, kepha nomsebenzi wezabantu, ukuxoshwa kwezilwane zasendle okungalawulwa. Njengamanje, kunamaqembu amahlanu aphambili wezilwane zasendle ezahlukahlukene zalesi sifundazwe:

Izinyathelo, izintaba nolwandle kwakha indawo enhle lapho izilwane zaseCrimea emelelwa izilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba wasezinhlotsheni ezingama-58, izilwane zasolwandle - izinhlobo ezi-4, ezinye i-ichthyofauna zimelelwa izinhlobo ezingama-200 zezinhlanzi, izinyoni zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200, ezihuquzelayo zezinhlobo eziyi-14. Phakathi kwabakhileyo kunabantu abaningi abangama-Aborigine, abanye bayizihambeli zokuhamba noma baxazululwe ngemuva kwesikhathi sokudumisa.

UGopher omncane

Hlanganisa ngamaqembu endawo. Ubude bomzimba ophakeme womuntu ngamunye bufika ku-250 mm; cishe isihlanu ngumsila. Ithoni yesikhumba e-buffy, umbala onsundu emuva. Ikhanda linxantathu ngesimo. Digs minks nge uhamba kuze 4 m ubude kanye 1.8 m ukujula. Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala "ezindlini", phakathi kwazo kukhona ne- "Red Book".

Isivumo somphakathi

I-rodent encane ejwayelekile edla inani elikhulu lezitshalo zasendle nezitshaliwe. Digs minks nge uhamba eziyinkimbinkimbi, izidleke amakamelo kanye nempahla yokugcina izinto.

I-hamster ejwayelekile

Isilwane se-Baggy esinesihlathi esikhulu nezindlebe ezincane, usayizi wegundane. Umbala obomvu noboya obuthuntubethi wenza le bumpkin ingaphandle ihehe. Imilenze yangaphambili emincane ingenza lukhulu: izindlebe zesikhukhamba, ukugeza, ukubamba amawundlu.

I-hamster ithanda isizungu. Izitha zihlaselwa ngokhahlo - ama-squeals, zigijimisa isitha sanoma yisiphi usayizi. Ukuluma kubuhlungu kakhulu, njengoba lesi silwane sidambisa ama-lacerations. I-hamster ihlala eceleni kwemigwaqo, ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, kepha imvamisa kunesifiso sokuhlala kwabantu.

Jerboa

Usayizi wesilwane ne squirrel. Imilenze yangemuva ephawuleka ebude obuphindwe kane kunangaphambili. Ngisho nehhashi alikwazi ukubamba ijezi. Ugxuma ubude ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2, ukuphakama kwe-jumper cishe isigamu semitha.

Umsila omude usebenza njengesiwisi, futhi usiza ukusunduza ngenkathi kugxuma, uhlanganyela kwezokuvikela, uma kunesidingo. Ngenxa yokulima komhlaba enhlonhlo, "ama-kangaroo" amancane aya ngokuya eba mancane.

Imvukuzane evamile

Isentambo esincane esingaphansi komhlaba, kuze kufike ku-13 cm. Umsila omfishane ucishe ungabonakali. Umzimba ubukeka uvumelana nezimo zokumba imigudu - iyaphakanyiswa, inemisipha eqinile yengxenye yangaphambili.

Azikho izindlebe, amehlo athambile kancane. Ezidladleni ezingaphambili, iminwe emi-5. Izigqoko ezibukhali eziphambi kwezindebe ziyaphawuleka. Iyasebenza ebusuku. Zilimaze izingadi.

Isinyathelo segundane

Isilwane esincane esingekho ngaphezu kwama-75 mm ubude. Ungayibona i-rodent ngumucu omnyama odlula eceleni kogobolondo usuka ekhanda uye kwisisekelo somsila. Fur ijazi grey nge fawn. Amagaqa angajulile noma ahlala ezindlini ezivame ukushiywa kwamanye amagundane.

Trot ngomsila ophakanyisiwe, osebenza njenge-balancer. Hambeka ngokuphelele kumphezulu othe mpo, isiqu, amagatsha, iziqu.

Isikwele

Izilwane zaba abafuduki abaphumelelayo ukusuka e-Altai baye eCrimea. Uzinze kahle ezindaweni ezisemahlathini, amapaki. UZadiristaya, umatasa futhi unempilo enhle, enojazi elihle lobuvu obimpunga.

Ezindaweni ezisezintabeni, ubukhulu bezilwane bukhulu, bufika ku-28 cm cm, kunasezindaweni eziphansi. Umsila we-furry wesilwane ungu-2/3 wobude bomzimba wonke. Uthole ukubaluleka kwezentengiso.

Amagundane aseCrimea aphuma emncintiswaneni ngobuningi bawo uma eqhathaniswa nezitha eziyingozi. Phakathi kwabamele imindeni eminingi, izilwane ezincane nezincane ezihamba phambili. Izimpisi ezinkulu zencithakalo zaqothulwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-20s yekhulu lama-20. Imizamo yokuvuselela isizwe sezimpisi ayiyeki kuze kube namuhla.

ISteppe Ferret

Isilwane esino-furry esifinyelela ku-52 cm ubude nomzimba omude, umsila omncane, ikhanda eliyindilinga nezindlebe ezibanzi. Kusakazwa kabanzi eCrimea. Umbala wesihlabathi esinemilenze ansundu, ukuphela komsila, esifubeni kanye nokumaka okumhlophe ku-muzzle nezindlebe. I-Ferret ihlala ngisho nabantu abasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Isidlwengu esisebenza kakhulu Ithambile ngokuphelele.

Weasel

Naphezu kosayizi wayo omncane, ubude bufika kuma-26 cm, nokubukeka okuhle, isilwane sinolaka futhi sinonya kuzo zonke izilwane ezincane. Ukopha kwegazi lezilwane ezinamazinyo amancane kuqhathaniswa nempisi. Dexterity and agility, amandla okugijima ngokushesha, ukubhukuda ngokuphelele kwenza uthando lube ngumzingeli ongenakuqhathaniswa.

Ngokubukeka, inyamazane ifana ne-ermine, kepha umsila wayo awunayo ibhulashi. Umsebenzi wesilwane owandile eCrimea ubonakaliswa imini nobusuku.

Uma isilwane sesithanjisiwe, izinambuzane namagundane akuqhamuki endlini. Ngezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, i-weasel isuka ngokushesha, bese iba isilwane esithandekayo.

Impungushe ejwayelekile

Phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye eCrimea, impungushe ingummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke - ubude, abantu ngamunye afinyelela ku-70-90 cm, umsila ungamasentimitha angama-50-60. Isilwane sihlala enhlonhlo yonke indawo. Ihlala emihumeni, ifaka izimbobo zebheji, imifantu, imigodi. Impungushe ingumlawuli oyinhloko wenani lamagundane. Ukwenza amadili ukulimala emapulazini ahilelekile ekuzalweni kwemidlalo, ama hares.

Isilwane esidingekayo sokudoba. Ubunzima ngokuqapha, ukwehla. Izilwane ezigulayo kuphela eza kumuntu. Impungushe ifakwe ku-Red Book of eCrimea.

Umhlaba wezilwane ezihuquzelayo zaseCrimea umelelwa izimfudu, izibankwa, izinyoka, izinyoka. Akunabo neze abantu abanobuthi.Kukhona izinyoka, amanzi futhi ezejwayelekile, ezinemizila emine, ezinamabala aphuzi nezingwe.

I-brown hare

Ngokungafani nabazizi ezwekazini, isakhamuzi sendawo sinezici ezihlukile ezingekho emthethweni kubamele bezinye izigaba. I-Crimean grouse igcina umbala wayo cishe unyaka wonke. Ijazi lomhlaba elimpunga eli-grey elinama-ripples amhlophe-bomvu libonakala kuwo wonke ama hares endabuko.

Isithwathwa akuvamile ukuwela enhlonhlo, futhi uma kwenzeka ukuwa kweqhwa, kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinsensane azinaso isikhathi sokushintsha ukubukeka kwazo. Into yokuzingela.

Inani lama-hares kumashumi eminyaka edlule lehlile kakhulu, kepha ukusatshalaliswa kwalo kusabhekwa njengokubanzi. Ikakhulu kuvame ukubonakala emingceleni yamapulani amahlathi-asebusweni.

Itshe lesikhumba (elimhlophe-ibele)

Isilwane sathola igama lothando ngezinwele ezimhlophe esifubeni nasemphinjeni. Umusa, umusa wokunyakaza uhlukile kumhlaseli omncane, ongahambisani nokudla okwenziwe ngemifino (amadili nge-hawthorn, amagilebhisi, eliphakathi kwe). Intombazane enezinwele ezimhlophe ayikhuphuki iziqu zemithi, kodwa ngobuhlakani ingena phakathi kwamakhethini enkukhu yasekhaya ukuze ichithe imindeni yezinyoni ngokushesha.

Ibheji

Isilwane siqine siqine emahlathini eCrimea. Isidumbu sebheji ngobude sicishe sibe ngu-70-90 cm, umsila ungafika ku-20 cm. Izikhafu ezinamandla emilenzeni zikhombisa ukuqondiswa kwezenzo zayo ezisebenzayo. Wemba imisele emibalabala eminingi ngemipheme, izindlwana, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, wonke amakhona afakwe amakhambi.

Amapharaji amabi afinyelela kumamitha angama-20 ubude, akha idolobha lonke. Amabheji ayizakhamizi ezibandakanyekile ekuhlelweni kwaphakade kwamakhaya abo. Amathumba wokuhlanzeka amatasa ngemisebenzi engapheli. Musa ukubekezelela ukuhlaselwa emhlabeni wabo omubi. Gibela izivakashi ezingamenyiwe uzoba nesifiso. Amabheji - izilwane zeNcwadi ebomvu yaseCrimea.

Inja yeRaccoon

Isilo esinemilenze emifushane simile kule peninsula ngemuva kwemizamo eminingana yesingeniso. Isidumbu somzimba esifinyelela ku-80 cm ubude, umsila we-fluffy ongafika ku-25 cm. Isiphuzo esibukhali esinombala we-raccoon ngendlela yomaskandi, omhlophe obhobhozayo ezinhlangothini.

Ukuphila emifantwini yamatshe, kuhlala imisele yezimpungushe, noma kuhlala izingono ezimpandeni zezihlahla. Inja ye-raccoon ivame ukubonwa ogwini lolwandle ifuna ukudla. Izithelo zithathwa njengezikhulule, kepha ezithandwa ukudla ukudla kwezilwane.

Amakati

ECrimea, amalulwane anezinhlobo eziyi-16. Umsebenzi wezilwane ezincelisayo eziguquguqukayo uphezulu kakhulu ebusuku. Imigoqo yesikhumba phakathi kweminwe nemilenze yangemuva eceleni komzimba yenza njengezimpiko zezinyoni.

Ezindaweni ezingaphansi kweCrimea, amalulwane adla kuphela izinambuzane ngenxa ye-ecolocation ye-ultrasonic. Abantu abakhulu kakhulu bangafinyeleli ku-10 cm ubude. Ijubane lokundiza kwamagundane amangalisayo likhula lifinyelela ku-50 km / h.

Ukulawulwa komzimba kukuvumela ukuba undize ngokungaphezi ku-labyrinth emincane yomhume ngaphandle kokuthinta amaphiko odonga. Izindawo ezisezintabeni zezintaba yindawo yokuhlala oyintandokazi yamalulwane angenangozi ngokuphelele.

Ama-swamp turtles

Hlala ikakhulu imizimba yamanzi asezintabeni. Ngokungafani nezilwane zasemhlabeni, ulwelwesi lokubhukuda lutholakala phakathi kweminwe yofudu. Ubungako babahlali abaphakathi bufika ku-15 cm ububanzi wegobolondo. Ebusuku ulala ezansi echibini noma kwenye indawo yokugcina amanzi, bese kuthi ngesikhathi sasemini azingele izinhlanzi ezincane, adle imifino. Embizeni, ungcwatshwe kusilika.

Izilwane ezifuywayo eCrimea faka izimfudu, ezibuye zifihle futhi zibise endaweni ethile egumbini elingaphansi elivulekile kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukushisa kwentwasahlobo.

Inyamazane ebomvu

Isakhamuzi esidala kakhulu senhlonhlo ukuziqhenya kweCrimea. Isilwane esikhulu sikhula sifinyelele kumamitha ayi-1,4 ukuphakama lapho kubuna. Izimpondo ezihlotshisiwe zihlobisa ikhanda lakhe. Ubukhulu, ubude bezinqubo bukhombisa ubudala benyamazana. Umhlobiso oyinhloko wabesilisa uvuselelwa minyaka yonke.

Emahlathini aseCrimea aseCrimea, ukubhonga okunamandla kwama-artiodactyls amakhulu kakhulu kuvame ukuzwakala. Imihlambi ibuthana lapha edla ezimeni. Ebusika, izingadi zenyamazane ziya ngasezindaweni ezigcwele abantu, lapho kunokudla khona futhi kufudumele. Izilwane ezinhle zihlobisa amahlathi amahlathi.

Mouflon

Izimvu zasezintabeni zazidunyiswa eCrimea ngaphambi kwenguquko. Ubunzima bokusinda, ubunzima bokuzala kabusha bangenisa abokufika baseYurophu izinto ezivikelwe ikakhulukazi. Imikhuba yezilwane iyafana naleyo yezimvu ezifuywayo.

Emini, phakathi nenkathi yokushisa, bachitha emthunzini wamatshe, ngaphansi kwezihlahla, futhi kusihlwa bakha utshani eduze nasezintabeni, emithambekeni yotshani. Ebusika, bahlushwa ukuwa kweqhwa bese behlela endaweni yokuhlala komuntu ukuze bathole ukudla.

Umhlobiso oyinhloko wesilwane - izimpondo ezindilinga emuva naphezulu. Abantu abakhulu bafinyelela ku-200 kg. Izilwane ezivamile zaseCrimea zivikelwe.

Roe deer

Izilwane ezinomusa zazike zahlala esigodini sethafa. Abantu badonsela izilwane ezintabeni. Izibuko eziphawuleka (izinwele ezimhlophe ezizungeze umsila) zezilwane ezibalekela abantu zivame ukubonakala emahlathini.

Ukuzwa okuphelele kusebenza njengesivikelo ezitheni eziningi. AmaRoe deer athinteka kakhulu ngabazingeli. Ngokubambisana neenyamazane, efana nazo kakhulu, ama-artiodactyls ayizintandokazi zabahlathi bamahlathi abazibiza “izimbuzi” ngothando.

Kuze kube manje, isilwane esingena ezintabeni ezisezindaweni eziphansi zaseCrimea asisanqabile. Imizamo eminingana yokwengeza ama-artiodactyls amahle ayikakaphothulwa. Mikhulu kune-dee deee, kepha incane kunezinyamazane, izinyamazane ezihlafunayo ziyaqikelela, ziyaguga, futhi zijwayele indawo yokuhlala nehlathi.

Ngaphandle kokuvikelwa ngumuntu, ukusakazeka kwezilwane akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuphumelele, kepha amaCrimea enza okuningi ukugcina izinhlobo zezilwane.

Ama-boar asendle

Umuntu owahlala kule peninsula waqothulwa ngekhulu le-19. Ngemuva kweminyaka engaba ikhulu, izingulube zasendle zabuyiselwa ngempumelelo kuleli zwe. Ama-omnivores adla amantongomane, amakhowe, izimpande, amaqanda enyoni, namagundane.

Lapho uhlangana nomuntu wesilisa, amabhuzu asendle asuswa ngokucophelela, kepha uma ukulwa kungavikeleki, izilwane azikwazi ukwesaba. Imihlangano nabesifazane abavikela izingulube iyingozi kakhulu. Ungasinda kuphela emagatsheni esihlahla mude.

I-rock lizard

Ihlala kuphela ezintabeni zeCrimea. Izihambi ezinesibindi emadwaleni nasezintabeni ezishayayo. Ugu lwamatshe, amadiphozithi emabhulokhi, ama-gorges, izindawo ezingaphandle zezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo eziyizintandokazi zezindawo zezikhala. Ungahlangana nabantu abahle endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3000-3500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ijubane nokukhululeka kokunyakaza kungokwesibili kulokhu.

I-Crimean gecko

Ezikhathini zangaphambili lalitholakala yonke indawo ngisho nasezindaweni zamadolobha anomsindo - uthango, maqondana nodonga lwezindlu, phakathi kwezakhiwo zasendulo. Ukuthuthuka okukhulu kucekele phansi izingosi zokuphinda zisebenze. Amanxiwa ayizintandokazi ngokuhamba okuningi, izindawo zokukhosela, imigodi yaqala ukunyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba.

Izilokazana ezinhle azizange nje zihlobise imvelo ngokubukeka okukhangayo, kodwa futhi zivimbele ukusakazeka kwezinambuzane eziyingozi. Izitha zama-geckos zazingamakati aphambukile, abamba iqhaza elikhulu ekwehliseni izibankwa.

USerpentine Yellowfang

Abaningi bathatha ummeleli wesilokazana esiwolayo esidlekeni sasendle esinobuthi, iqhude le-steppe. Naphezu kokubukeka nosayizi osongelayo, ubude bungamamitha ayi-1-1.25, isilwane asinangozi ngokuphelele uma singabanjwa futhi sihlolwa.

Akanalo nolaka lwemvelo. Ihlala eCrimea kuphela. Uphuzi-pusik uhamba kancane, akajahi muntu. Umzimba uthambile kancane ezinhlangothini ngesikhumba esibushelelezi nesicwebezelayo. Lesi silwane sisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu. Usongo lokuqothulwa luyinsakavukela - ukuqothulwa kwama-spindles kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokubukeka okwesabisayo, ukudideka ngezinyoka.

Kulula ukwahlukanisa i-yellow-puzik nezidalwa ezinobuthi - Amehlo abo avikelwe izinkophe ezinamehlo, ngokungafani nezenyoka.

Izilwane zasendaweni engaphansi kweCrimea zicebile ezinambuzaneni. Izinhlobo zaseMedithera zivamile kuwo wonke umuntu ovakashele peninsula ehlobo.

Cicadas

Abaningi bezwa imisindo eqotayo, kepha abakaze bazibone lezi zinambuzane. I-cicada inkulu kakhulu kunendiza ephakathi, ihlala icashe phakathi kwamaqabunga. Izitho zokucula ezinama-resonator akhethekile zitholakala esiswini. Abadlali kubonakala sengathi bancintisana kwinani lokucula kwe-choral. ICicadas iphila isizini yonke. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lezi zinambuzane zi-diurnal, ngokungafani notshani noma amakhethini.

I-Mantis

Igama linikezwa ukubonakala kwesinambuzane, lapho ngaphambili izibongo ziphakanyiswa khona. Kufana nezandla zomuntu enyukele ezulwini ngomkhuleko. Eqinisweni, izigqoko zokuthandaza zilala zilindele inyamazane ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa, hlala isikhathi eside, ucashe emacembe. Ukukhula kwezinambuzane kuze kufike ku-4-5 cm kwesinye isikhathi kukuvumela ukuthi ulwe empini kanye nondlunkulu. Ngokwezibonakaliso, umuntu ehleli phezu kwakhe lo mantis uzojabula isikhathi eside.

Ubhungane womhlaba wobugebengu

Isiphelo seCrimea sivikelwe njengezinhlobo ezingandile zamabhungane. IBhungane eliswele umhlaba alazi ukuthi lingandiza kanjani, kuphela ezinwabuzelayo ezindleleni nasemithambekeni. Ibhungane likhulu impela, lifinyelela ku-5 cm, linombala onsomi, okhishwa imibala eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nemnyama.

Uma uthinta isakhamuzi esihle, wabeka uketshezi lwe-caustic ukusabisa. Uhola impilo esebenzayo ebusuku, uhamba ngokushesha emilenzeni ende yemisipha. Ngosuku, ibhungane lomhlabathi ligijimela ku-2 km. Imihlathi enamandla inamandla okusiza ekulweni nezinyamazane: iminenke, imollusks yomhlaba, ama-slugs.

Yiziphi izilwane eziseCrimea bangaphila, bazi izazi zezilwane kanye nje nabathandi bemvelo yasendulo. Ukulahleka kwephenefeni kunezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo ezazihlala lapha. Lezi yizimpungushe ze-arctic, i-wolverine, i-beaver, i-marmot, ibhele nezinye izinhlobo.

Ifanelwe yincazelo ehlukile yomhlaba we-waterfowl. ISwan Islands Nature Reserve idume ngemigwaqo ehlekisayo. Izinkulungwane zamawashi ebusika enhlonhlo futhi ahlala phakathi kokuncibilika. Ama-Herons, ama-mallards, ama-crunches amade amade, ama-cranes isidleke ezweni lama-steppe laseCrimea.

Zingaphezu kuka-200 izinhlobo zemindeni yezinyoni ezibhalisiwe enhlonhlo. Akukho lutho lokugcina phakathi kwabo. Amakhemikhali nokulima umhlaba kwezolimo kuyinkinga enkulu, kubandakanya ukulahleka kwezindawo zokuhlala izidleke nendawo yokuhlala yezinyoni.

Ukulondolozwa nokukhula kwezidalwa zendawo eyingqayizivele yendawo enezindawo zezulu ezahlukahlukene kubalulekile ekulinganiseni okungokwemvelo okuphelele, ubudlelwano phakathi komuntu nomhlaba wezilwane.

Intaba ne-steppe fox

Izimpungushe zezintaba zihlala ezintabeni zaseCrimea, imininingwane yazo esezingeni elifanele. Zidlela amagundane, ama-squirrels, ama-hamsters, ama-hedgehogs, amaqanda ezinyoni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyoni, ama hares, kanye nonogwaja basendle.

Lapho kungekho okudliwayo, kusetshenziswa izinambuzane, amasele, izibungu. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane azideleli ukugcwala. Abavakashi kumele bakhumbule ukuthi lesi silwane singaba ngaphansi kwamarabi. Futhi uma ngaphambi kokuba bazame ngandlela-thile ukubenza bagcizelele, manje akekho owenza lokhu, ngakho-ke lapho uhlangana nabo kungcono ukunakwa.

Kepha cishe ayikho imihlangano ejwayelekile enezimpungushe ngoba ihlakaniphile futhi inamahloni. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, lapho behlangana, balahlekelwa umuzwa wokwesaba.

Esithombeni ngu-steppe fox.

Okumhlophe

Leli igama le-marten yetshe, lapho umphimbo nesifuba kuhlotshiswe ngoboya obumhlophe. Yinhle, inomusa futhi yinhle ekuqaleni, i-barnacle ayihlukile kuzimpawu zomphikisi onesibindi, obudlayo futhi omangalisayo.

Bangakwazi nokudla ukudla okwenziwe ngemifino. Esikhathini sasehlobo nasekwindla sonyaka, ama-martens adla ameva, i-hawthorn, amapheya kanye namagilebhisi njengokudla. Lezi zilwane azithandwa kakhulu ngabantu ababambe iqhaza kwezolimo.

Uma isigaxa singena kwi-coop yenkukhu, sizovimbela zonke izinkukhu ezikhona ngobuhle obumangazayo ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokuphathelene nezinkukhu, ama-martens abelokhu engenanhliziyo.

Esithombeni kukhona i-marten yetshe noma imhlophe encane

Inyama ebomvu yobugebengu

Lesi isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke eCrimea sihlala emahlathini ezintaba. Isisindo sonyamazane besilisa sifinyelela ku-260 kg, ukuphakama kufinyelele kumakhilogremu angaba ngu-140. Zinezinyawo ezilula, ezinwebekile, ezinekhanda eliqhoshayo nezimpondo ezibanzi ezinobukhulu.

Izinyamazane zobugebengu ziphila iminyaka engama-60-70. Iminyaka yezinsikazi ezincane ibalwa ngenani lezinqubo ezimpondweni. Ukuhlafunwa kwamazinyo kusiza ekuboneni ubudala babantu abadala.

Isikhali esikhulu sezidwaba yizimpondo zazo. Ensimini yaseCrimea, lezi zilwane, ngaphandle kwabazingeli, azinazitha. Ngakho-ke, basebenzisa izikhali zabo kuphela lapho belwela owesifazane. Ukulwa okunjalo kwenzeka ikakhulu ngoSepthemba futhi kuhambisana nokubhonga okudlanga ngesikhalazo.

Inani lezinyamazane zaseCrimea alikaze lifane. Futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwakukhunjulwa iqiniso lokuthi le nhlobo icishe yanyamalala ngokuphelele. Kusukela ngo-1923, ukudutshulwa kwalezi zilwane bekuvinjelwe, okusize ngo-1943 ukwandisa isibalo sazo saya kubantu abangama-2000.

Inyama ebomvu yobugebengu

Ngubani ohlala esigxotsheni?

Izidalwa zeziqalo zeCrimea zifaka i-shrew white-bellying, squirrel emhlabathini, ijezi, i-hamster, imvukuzane emincane, izimpungushe nabanye abaningi abamele izwe lezilwane. Phakathi kwezinyoni zalezi zindawo zokugcina ezitholakele esidla izinyosi, izinduku eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-bustards, ama-cranes, ama-strpt, i-steppe looney nezinkozi.

Awukwazi ukubona i-steppe viper lapha, abantu bavame kakhulu izinyoka ezinemizila emine nezikhala ezisheshayo. I-Nest emhlabeni weCrimea ama-herons, ama-mallard, izinduku ezinde ezinamabala amade, imikhoba.

Enye yezilwane ezidumile ze-steppe - i-corsac. I-fox steppe, ebizwa ngokuthi i-corsac, eyomndeni wama-canine. Ubude bomzimba wesilwane bucishe bube yingxenye yemitha, kanti nomsila ungafika ku-35 cm. Isisindo somuntu omdala asidluli ukwedlula ikati elikhulu.

Ijazi le-corsac linombala ophuzi ophuzi ngombala obomvu, kuyilapho uboya bulula khona ngezansi, kanti isihloko somsila wale mpungushe simnyama. Ekufuneni inyamazane, iKorsak ijubane ifinyelela ku-60 km ngehora. Akanandaba nokudla izinduku, izinyoni, futhi akakuhlazisi ukugcwala.

Izisulu zeKorsaks zivame ukuba izinkukhu ezifuywayo. Kukhona indawo ekudleni kwe impungushe ekudleni okwenziwe ngemifino - idla izithelo, namajikijolo ngentokozo.

Izindawo ezihamba ngezinyawo

Ezithendeni eziphansi kweCrimea kunezimpisi, ama-squirrels, kepha lapha ngeke uhlangane nabaningi bezakhamizi ezijwayelekile zamahlathi aseRussia. Kepha la mazwe ahlalwa ngabameleli bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeBalkan, Middle East, Mediterranean kanye nezihlobo.

I-fauna ecebile imelelwe emithambekeni esenyakatho yeJaila, esifundeni sendawo yemvelo yaseCrimea. Indawo yemvelo evikelwe kakhulu ihlalwa I-Crimean deer, i-Crimean chamois, i-marten ne-marten yamatshe. Izilwane zasendaweni zihlukaniswa ngezici ezihlukile. Isibonelo, ahamba ehembe labo lohlobo “ehlobo” unyaka wonke.

Ake sixoxe ngezakhamizi ezithile ezithandekayo ezisezigodini zaseCrimea ngemininingwane engaphezulu.

• I-white-hand. Igama lesibili le-marten yetshe yi-white -ifuba. Ubizwe kanjalo ngenxa yoboya obumhlophe obusebeleni nehembe lakhe ngaphambili. Umthungi futhi ungcwatshwa, ungena kalula kumakhaza enkukhu, kodwa futhi angathokozela amajikijolo.

• Inyamazane ebomvu. Kubhekwe kufanelekile ukuziqhenya kweCrimea. Ikhanda lalesi silo sehlathi lihlotshiswe ngezimpondo zikanokusho, ezikhula ngeminyaka. Imihlambi yezinyamazane ingazwakala ngokubhonga okukhona phakathi kwehlathi. Ebusika, basondela ezivandeni ukuthola ukudla khona.

• Mouflon. Leli igama lezimvu zasezintabeni, ezazikhula kule ndawo ngisho nasezikhathini zombuso. Izimpondo zalo zinesimo sokuphaphama, isisindo singafinyelela kumakhulu amabili. Ukudidiyelwa kwalesi silwane esihle kwakungekho ngaphandle kobunzima, ngakho-ke i-mouflon ingeyezinhlobo ezivikelwe. Ehlobo, bacasha kusuka ekushiseni emadwaleni amnyama baphume bayodla utshani kusihlwa, kuthi ebusika, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla, basondele ezindlini zabantu.

• Roe deer. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaliswa kwabantu okusebenzayo, lezi zilwane zaqhutshelwa zaya ezintabeni. Azinamathuluzi okuvikela ezilwaneni zasendle ngesimo sezimpondo, kepha imvelo yanika lezi zilwane ezinomusa ukuzwa okuhle. Ivumela i-roe deer ukuzwa izitha kude.

Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezizingelayo, abazingeli abazingelayo bazingela.

• Doe. Akuvamile ukuvela emazingeni aphansi peninsula. Izilwane eziNimble, dodgy nezintle kakhulu azikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zaseCrimea. Okwamanje akukwenzeki ukwandisa kakhulu inani lalawa ma-artiodactyls, kepha izakhamizi zakule ndawo zizama ukuvikela lesi silwane ekuhlaselweni ngabazingeli.

Ngubani otholakala ogwini?

Ugu oluseningizimu lugcwele izidalwa ezihuquzelayo kanye nama-invertebrates.

• I-Crimean gecko. Lezi zidalwa ezinesizungu zithanda ukuhlala ezakhiweni ezindala, lapho kuzohlala khona imifantu ejulile nemhubhe ehlukahlukene. Ngalesi sizathu, ezikhathini zangaphambili babehlala ezindlini ezindala nasegcekeni.

Basindisa abantu ezinambuzaneni zezinambuzane futhi ngaleyo ndlela banikeza izinsizakalo kubantu. Kepha namhlanje emadolobheni inani labo labantu lehlile. Isizathu bekungukuthuthuka okusebenzayo kwezindawo, kanye nokuhlaselwa kwamakati, okungekhona okukujabulisayo ukudla kulezi zibankwa ezinhle.

• I-Mantis. Yathola igama laso ngenxa yokwembula okuphakanyisiwe. Vele, lezi zidalwa azibambi imilenze yazo esimweni esinjalo sokuthandaza. Bahlala nje isikhathi esiningi lapho beqamekela, bezilandelela behlola phansi inyamazane, futhi ukusuka endaweni enjalo kulula ngabo ukuyihlasela. Ukukhula kwe-mantis kufinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-5, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi bangena empini kanye nondlunkulu.
• Ubhungane womhlaba wobugebengu. Lesi sakhamuzi saseCrimea esivikelekile sinombala onsomi, ocwebezela imibala ehlukene. Kungcono ukungayithinti, uma kungenjalo ibhungane elingamasentimitha amahlanu lizokhipha imfihlo eyethusayo. Ama-Shellfish kanye neminenke baba inyamazane yamabhungane angaphansi.

Phakathi kwezakhamuzi ezigudle ugu, izinyoni ezifana herons, mallards, imikhova. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezinyoni zaseCrimea, kodwa-ke, phakathi kwazo azikho ezihlukile ezihlala kulesi sifunda kuphela.

Izakhamizi zamanzi

Izinhlanzi ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili zihlala ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala zepeninsula, ngekota yazo zivame ukuvakashela amanzi aseCrimea avela eBosphorus. Kuningi esifundeni amasele, ubuhlalu kanye nemithi emisha. Yinyoka eyodwa enobuthi kuphela ehlala lapha - lokhu steppe viper. Ihlala emizimbeni yamanzi futhi ufishi weswink.

Iminwe yalesi silwane ifakwe ulwelwesi, ivumela ukubhukuda kangcono, futhi usayizi wegobolondo ngokuvamile awudluli ububanzi obuyi-15 cm. Ama-turtles anomkhuba wansuku zonke - balala kuze kuse, bese beqala ukuzingela izinhlanzi ezincane. Futhi, lezi zilwane azihambi ngokunambitha ukudla kwezitshalo. Bachitha ubusika bebhukuda kusilika.

Izilwane ezinjalo zingagcinwa ekhaya, kulapho zilinda khona isikhathi sokubanda esitezi esingaphansi.

Omama

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Roe deer

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Doe

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Ama-boar asendle

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Gopher steppe

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Isivumo somphakathi

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I-hamster ejwayelekile

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Jerboa

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Isilinganiso se-Mole

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Isinyathelo segundane

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Ibheji

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Inja yeRaccoon

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I-squirrel Tele

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Weasel

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I-brown hare

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IPeninsula fauna - okudingeka ukwazi

Ezikhathini zasendulo, izintshe nemindlulamithi kwakuhlala endaweni yaseCrimea. Namuhla, izintshe zingabonakala kuphela ezindaweni ezizimele. Isibonelo, ipulazi lezintshe "I-Exotic" eKerch. Abavakashi abaningi banesifiso esikhethekile ezilwaneni ezi-endemic, izilwane ezi-Crimea: impungushe, inyamazane yodoti, inyamazane nabanye.

Ngokwendawo, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu ayisi-5:

• ISteppe
• Kuxutshwe - ihlathi
• Ihlathi lasezintabeni
• Intaba
• South Coast.

Endaweni ye-steppe kukhona amajezi amakhulu, izindilinga, amahheya, izimpungushe ze-steppe nokunye. Izinyoni zeqembu le-steppe: okhozi, amakhreyithi, izintwala nabanye abaningi. Isilwane esiyingozi kakhulu kulezi zingxenye inyoka. Isidalwa esinobuthi kuphela esivela ezinhlotsheni eziyi-14 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Abamele i-steppe ne-fauna ezintabeni zitholakala ehlathini-steppe: ama-gophers, ama-martens amatshe, ama-hamsters nama-squirrel teleuts.

Endaweni esezintabeni, abamele ngokucacile bezilwane zezilwane: inyamazane, inyamazane yenhlama, inqama, i-mouflon, izimpungushe. Izinyoni zihlala emahlathini emithambekeni yezintaba: ama-Finches, ama-yellowbacks, ama-tiles amnyama, nokuphithizela. Ukuhamba esifundeni sezintaba, ungakhohlwa ngezilwane eziningi ezihuquzelayo: abapheki, izinyoka ezinombala ophuzi, izibungu.

Kunakwa ukunakwa okukhethekile esisengozini, izilwane ezingavamile ezibalwe ku-Red Book. Ukube kulethwe impisi ngesikhathi esisodwa, umuntu wokugcina kumashumi amahlanu wekhulu leminyaka elidlule wayengeke abhujiswe.

Usizo: AbakwaMouflons (uhlobo lwezinqama) abahlala kunhlonhlo ukuphela komndeni abasindayo kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Yurophu.

Umfelokazi omnyama

Le nhlobo eyingozi ayitholakali emaqeleni nasehlathini kuphela, kwesinye isikhathi iyabonakala emadolobheni. Ukulunywa ngumfelokazi omnyama wesifazane kungabulala. Uma kwenzekile, lapho-ke kufanele uyishise ngekhanda lomdlalo noma into ye-incandescent ngomlilo bese uya kudokotela ngokushesha. Uma usizo lubambezeleka, kuzoqala ukuqaqamba komzimba, izandla nezinyawo nokuthuthumela kube nokuqhaqhazela, kuqubuke ukubonwa kwezimpawu ngenxa yomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa.

Izinyoni namalulwane

Okumnyama

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Inkanyezi epinki

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Pheasant

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I-eider ejwayelekile

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ISteppe kestrel

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Inyoka yasolwandle

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Coot

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ICranefish

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Ubusuku Okuhlosiwe

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Ihhashi elikhulu

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AmaDolphins Bottlenose Dolphins

Izidalwa ezinhle kakhulu, ezihlukile emhlabeni wama-dolphin aseBottlenose afinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-40 km / h. Ukuphakama okuphezulu ngaphezu kwamanzi kwenza amamitha ayi-5. Emhlabeni wonke, kusinda abantu abangama-600 kuphela. Uma zifuna ukudla, lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukugwedla kude nolwandle ziye kumamitha ayi-500 (!). Ubude besilwane esidala bungamamitha ayi-2, isisindo - ukuya kuma-300 kg. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngombala omnyama, izintokazi zilula.

Izinyoka, Izilwanyane nama-Amphibians

ISteppe viper

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I-Crimean gecko

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USerpentine Yellowfang

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Fishfish ejwayelekile

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Inyoka yengwe

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Ixoxo leChibi

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Idwala elilidwala

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Isililo se-Agile

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Izimpungushe: steppe nentaba

Ukusuka ebizweni lezilwane kuyacaca ukuthi uhlala kuphi. Njengokudla, izimpungushe ikakhulukazi zithanda ama-hamsters, ama-squirrel omhlaba kanye namagundane. Kwesinye isikhathi angabamba unogwaja wasendle. Lapho isilwane ngobuqili silambile, futhi ingekho indawo yokudla okuvamile, asideleli izilozane, izinambuzane, ngisho namasele. Isilwane sihlaselwa amarabi kunezinye, ngakho-ke izivakashi kufanele ziqaphele ikakhulukazi lapho zihlangana “nezilo ezibomvu”. Yize ukuhlangana eduze kungavamile. Base besaba abantu.

Izinambuzane nezicabucabu

Cicada

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I-Mantis

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Ubhungane womhlaba wobugebengu

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Karakurt

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ITarantula

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I-Argiope Brunnich

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I-Argiope ilayishiwe

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Solpuga

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ISteatode Paikull

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I-erezus emnyama

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Umiyane

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Mokretsa

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IScolia

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Ubuhle bugqamile

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Utshani lobugebengu

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Oleander hawk

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Scolopendra

Ama-scolopendras ama-ringed awayona ingozi njengabafelokazi abamnyama, kodwa ukuluma kwabo kungadala ukungakhululeki. Ukulunywa kuyakwazi ukungazwisisi izinsuku eziningana, sonke lesi sikhathi ohlukunyezwa uzizwa ukushisa, izicubu zomzimba, futhi yona kanye indawo yokuluma ingalimaza isikhathi eside. IScopopendra ihlala enhlonhlo yonke indawo, futhi iyaguga kakhulu - ngokushesha uvele futhi unyamalale ngokungazelelwe.

Impilo yasemanzini

Umgabeli wecala lobugebengu

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I-sturgeon yaseRussia

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I-Sterlet

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Ukuthunga okuLwandle Olumnyama-Azov

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I-Black Sea herring

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IBlackfin Shark

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Iqembu elihlanganisiwe

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I-Spubot Guban

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Imvula

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I-trout yolwandle olumnyama

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Isiphetho

Uma kwenzeka kuba nezimo ezingezinhle, izilwane eziningi azikwazi ukufuduka noma kuphi. Ngenxa yalokhu, iningi labo lazivumelanisa nezimo zezemvelo zasendaweni. ICrimea nayo icebile izilwane ezincelisayo, ezazihlala izidumbu zamanzi ezahlukahlukene. Inani labo lifaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200. Emifuleni nasemanzini amade, kunezinhlobo ezingama-46 zezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ezixazululiwe, ezinye zazo ezingabomdabu. Futhi isibalo sezinhlobo ezingama-avifauna ezingafani nezinhlobo ezingama-300, iningi lazo esidlekeni esiphethweni.

I-South Russian Tarantula

Izintaba nezitebhisi ziyizindawo eziyizintandokazi zama-tarantulas. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lapho ngihlangana naye, ama-allergies asengozini, ngoba wonke umuntu uyingozi yakhe. Izimpawu zokulimala kwalesi sicabucabu zicishe zifane nesimo somfelokazi omnyama. Indawo yokuluma kufanele ishiswe ngohlaza okotshani, kufanele futhi ubonane nodokotela.

IScorpio

Ehlanjululwe ngabantu abavela ezindaweni ezakhiwe, akahambanga kakhulu, kepha waqala ukuzihlalela ngqo ezindlini, noma kunalokho, kumagumbi abo amnyama kakhulu nasendaweni emanzi. Izicabucabu, ama-scolopendras, kanye nama-mantises zivame ukuba yisisulu sakhe. scorpions ngokwezinga elithile kusiza abantu ukulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi.

Baqala indlela yokuphila yobusuku, ngakho-ke ukuhlangana nabo akunakwenzeka phakathi nosuku. Izimpawu zokulimala ziyefana nokusabela kokulimala kwezinye izakhamuzi ezinobuthi eCrimea: ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula kwengcindezi, ukubanda noma umkhuhlane, isiyezi.

Zingavela ngokushesha nangemva kosuku, ngakho-ke udinga ukuthola ukubonisana nodokotela ngemuva kwesigameko maduze.

Izinhlobo ezivikelwe

Ngaphansi kokuvikelwa yizo zombili izilwane ezingajwayelekile nezihehayo zaseCrimea, nawo wonke umuntu owaziwayo I-Arctic fox, i-wolverine, i-beaver, i-marmot, ibhere, i-steppe ferret, ngoba inani labo esifundeni lincane. I-mouflon okuwukuphela kwezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, kufaka phakathi i-Eastern European, ihlala eCrimea. Bahambe bodwa ukusuka kubantu ababehlala enkulisa yasebukhosini, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu.

USerpentine Yellowfang unomzimba imitha noma isikhathi eside, uvame ukwethusa abantu, ngoba ifana nenyoka. Ummeleli we-spindle awunangozi ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokuthi umesabisa ngenhloso.

Ngokungafani nezinyoka, amehlo akhe anezinwele eziphuphayo.

I-Monk seal okubizwa nangokuthi uphawu olunemibala emhlophe, isemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa. Ngokusho kososayensi, inani lalesi silwane esingajwayelekile selingaphezu kwabantu abangama-600 emhlabeni. Lo mbhalo uthole igama elingajwayelekile kangako ngenxa yendlela yayo yokuphila eyedwa, futhi ikhanda layo lihlotshiswe ngohlobo loboya obufushane. Izilwane zasolwandle ezingamamitha amabili zingafinyelela isisindo samakhulu amathathu, kepha-ke, ziyakwazi ukushona ngokujulile bese zibuya nezisulu.

Izimpawu zokubeka engcupheni zingaphansi kokuvikelwa okukhethekile.

Red Book Bottlenose Dolphins finyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-40 km / h. Banomlingiswa onobungane futhi bayakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade kakhulu. Lezi izilwane ezincelisayo bezilokhu zivikelwe kusukela ngonyaka we-1956.

Phakathi kwezinyoni ezivikelwe zaseCrimea kuyafaneleka ukuthi uqaphele i-crane, owl ukhozi, inkanyezi, inkosi yezinhloko ezibomvu.

Endemics

Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingandile ezitholakala eCrimea kuphela. Sivele sikhulume nge-scorpion; bekulokhu kuhlala emazweni asepeninsula kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Cabanga ngeminye imibono ehlukile yesifunda.

• Isikebhe sikaRetovsky sika. Lolu hlobo lwatholakala ngusosayensi u-Otto Retovsky. Umbala oluhlaza uvumela lesi sinambuzane ukuba singaphawuleki emathangeni otshani. Imvamisa, intethe enqabile enjalo ingabonakala eduzane nase-Alushta noma i-Alupka.
• UMarigold Olwandle Olumnyama. Lezi zimvemvane ezinhle zivame ukutholakala eYalta nasezindaweni zazo. Umbala onsundu uyabasiza ukuba bacashe ematsheni, ukuze kungewona wonke umuntu obubona lobu buhle.

Ukuqhubeka nohambo oluya eCrimea, khumbula ukuthi kanye nabameleli abahle nabanobungane be-fauna peninsula, kunokubukwa okungenangozi. Kodwa noma ngabe ziyingozi kangakanani kubantu, ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo iyingxenye yesimiso sendalo esingadingi ukuthi siphazanyiswe.

Konke mayelana nezilwane zaseCrimea, bheka ividiyo ngezansi.

Izingulube zasendle

Labo abamele izilo zaseCrimea bangabizwa ngokuthi "ama-time-time." Bahlala peninsula ezikhathini zasendulo. Kepha ngekhulu le-19 bacishe babhujiswa ngokuphelele. Isimo sasindiswa ngokungeniswa komuntu oyedwa esifundeni saseChernigov kanye nama-34 aqhamuka ePrimorsky Territory ngo-1957. Lesi silwane singabizwa ngokuthi imifino. Bathanda izimpande ezahlukahlukene, amakhowe, amantongomane, ama-acorn. Kwesinye isikhathi bayakwazi ukukhokhela izinambuzane, iqanda lezinkukhu noma i-rodent.

Inyamazane ebomvu

Izinyamazane zobugebengu ziyizilwane ezinkulu ezisengozini. Isisindo - kuze kufike kumakhilogremu angama-260, ukuphakama - ngaphansi kwamamitha nohhafu. Isikhathi sokuphila sicishe sibe ngumuntu: amashumi ayisithupha kuya kwayi-7. Isikhali esiyinhloko se-deer esetshenziselwa ukulwela insikazi yizimpondo. Ukuphela kokuvinjelwa okuqinile kokudutshulwa okwabikwa ngo-1923 kwasindisa inyamazane enhle ekuqothulweni okuphelele. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20, inani labantu bebodwa lenyuka kakhulu (laze lafika ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili).

Roe deer

Lapho lesi silwane esihle sasihlala esigodini saseCrimea, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bashintsha indawo yabo yokuhlala emithambekeni yezintaba. AmaRoe deer ayivelakancane endaweni yehlathi. Isilwane siyasinaka impela, lapho sibona abantu, siba yimizuzwana embalwa, kube sengathi sihlaziya isimo. Ngemuva kwalokho ifihla ngokushesha emathangeni. Banendlebe ecishe icishe ibe ngumculo, lapho nje bezwa ingozi - baxwayisa abafowabo ngokukhala okukhulu, besakaza amakhilomitha amathathu. Izitha eziyinhloko ama-martens, izimpungushe.

Ngincoma:

Uhlu lwezilwane zeCrimea ezisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu likhulu kakhulu. Ngichaze ezithakazelisa kakhulu, ngombono wami, izinhlobo. Imininingwane engaphezulu mayelana nabamele izilo zeCrimea ingatholakala ngoku-oda kokuvakasha kwenye yezindawo ezigcinwe lapho. Ngabe uyazi okuningi? Yabelana kumazwana. Thina nabafundayo sizoba nentshisekelo. Phumula kahle!

Sanibonani bangani. Uyemukelwa kubhulogi lami. Iphupho lagcwaliseka, manje angidingi ukuya emsebenzini futhi kunesikhathi esikhululekile sokuhamba. Ngenzenjani manje.