Ama-Therizinosaurs (noma i-Segnosaurus) atholakala ema-sediments kusukela ku-Early to Late Cretaceous eMongolia, China, nasentshonalanga Melika. Igama elithi "Therizinosaurus" livela ku-Therizinosaurus, igama lomunye wabamele leli qembu, futhi "Segnosaurus" - livela kwaSegnosaurus.

I-Therizinosaves yayinezintambo ezinde, ama-torsos ububanzi. Imilenze yangemuva yayineminwe emine esetshenziselwa ukuhamba, okubenza babukeke njenge-prosauropod. Amathambo abo e-pelvic ayingqayizivele ayefana namathambo e-pelvic-dinosaurs, futhi izigqoko zawo nemilenze yayifana nemilenze nozipho lwethropods ezidla inyama.

AbakwaTherizinosaurs babebhekwa njengezihlobo ze-prosauuropod kuze kube maphakathi nawo-1990s, lapho kutholakala i-alxasaurus, izidumbu zazo zagcinwa cishe ngokuphelele. I-Alksazavr kungenzeka ifane ne-theropod kune-prozauropod, ngakho-ke ama-Therizinosaurs ekuhlukaniseni kwesimanje abhekwa njenge -roprops.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-therizinosaurs namanye ama-theropods kwagcina kumisiwe maqondana nokutholwa kwabameli bokuqala baleli qembu, njenge-beiposaosaur ngonyaka we-1999 kanye ne-falkaria ngo-2005. Ososayensi abachaze ifalkaria baphawula ukuthi imelela isigaba esiphakathi phakathi kwezidalwa ezihlaselayo ezihlaselayo. Yize njengamanje ama-therizinosaurs abizwa ngokuthi ama-theropods, izigebenga zawo zifana nezigebenga ze-sauropod esesimweni samazinyo nemihlathi, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi zazingamakhambi.

Isici esishaye kakhulu kunazo zonke kuma-therizinosaurs yizigqoko ezinkulu ezinyaweni zazo, okuthi kwezinye izinhlobo (njenge-therizinosaurus) zifinyelele kubude bamasentimitha ayisishiyagalolunye. Iqiniso lokuthi abakwa-Therizinosaurs babekwazi ukwelula okwangaphambili kwabo kude libonisa ukuthi babeyindidana. Ama-Therizinosaurs angasebenzisa ama-paws awo amade nezinsika ezigobile eziqinile ukugoba amagatsha emilonyeni yawo, ngendlela efana ne-prehistoric sloth. Izicucu zeBeipyaosaurus zibonisa ukuthi ama-therizinosaurs embozwe ungqimba we-fluff wasendulo ofana nalawo atholakala kwiSinosauropteryx, futhi futhi ayenezimpaphe ezinkulu ezingasetshenziswa ukubonisa ukubonisa abesilisa abobulili obuhlukile noma ukwethusa abalimele. Ama-Therizinosaurs ayeyiqembu elihluke kakhulu lama-dinosaurs, ukusuka kuma-beiposaosaurs (amamitha ayi-2,2) ukuya ku-therizinosaurus enkulu, efinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-10-12, isisindo esingamathani ayi-6.2 futhi yayingelinye lama-theropods amakhulu amakhulu.

Umlando wokutadisha

Ngoba ukutholwa kokuqala bekungaphelelwanga, lezi zici ezingaqondakali zomqondo ziholele ososayensi abathile, njengoGregory S. Paul, esiphethweni esingamanga sokuthi ama-segnosaurs (igama elithi "serisinosaurs" lalingasetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi) bayinzalo yama-prosauropods noma ama-dinosaurs asezinkukhu asendulo. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-therizinosaurs ayebhekwa njengezihlobo ze-prozauropod, izithombe zangaphambili ze-segnosaur (kufaka phakathi imifanekiso kaPaul) azikhombisa njengezilwane ezinemilenze emilenze emine, kodwa-ke, ukuhamba kwalezi zidalwa emilenzeni emine bekungeke kwenzeke ngenxa yobunjalo bezinyoni bemilambo yazo. Isazi se-Paleontologist uRobert T. Backer ngo-1986 siphakamise ukuthi kuguqulwe ukuhlukaniswa kwama-dinosaurs ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuchithwa okukodwa kufanele kufake wonke ama-dinosaurs asezingeni eliphakeme - ama-carnosaurs, ama-coelurosaurs, ama-raptors, kanye nokutholwa kwesibili kwabo bonke abasebenzisa i-herbivorous - ama-ornithopods, ama-hadrosaurs, ama-marginoceals, ama-ceratops, kanye nama-segnosaurs, ama-sauropods nama-prosauropods.

Isikhathi nendawo

Ngaphambi kwethu kukhona i-alshazaur edwetshwe ngokukhanyayo eyenziwe ngumdwebi wase-Argentina uGabriel Lio.

Ama-Alshazaurs abekhona ekuqaleni kweCretaceous, cishe ngonyaka we-125-100,5 wezigidi zeminyaka edlule (ukusuka kuma-Aptic kuya e-Albanian). Basatshalaliswa emkhakheni weChina yesimanjemanje, esifundeni i-Alashan, esiyingxenye yesifunda esizimele se-Inner Mongolia.

Izinhlobo nomlando wokutholwa

Ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezaziwa namuhla I-Alxasaurus elesitaiensisngokufanayo isampula.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, izinsalela ze-alshazaur zatholakala ngokuxoshwa kukaSino-Canadian kusukela ngo-Agasti 21 kuya ku-Septhemba 2, 1988, 1 km amakhilomitha entshonalanga nedolobha elishiywe e-Elesitai kanye namakhilomitha angama-23 entshonalanga nedolobhana laseTukemu (ugwadule lwase-Alashan, i-Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China). Le ndawo ingeyokwakheka komhlaba weBain-Gobi.

Ukuchazwa kwe-alshazaurus kwanikezwa udokotela waseCanada ongumhleli weCanada nozakwabo waseChina uDong Zhimin ngo-1994. Ishicilelwe ephephabhukwini lesayensi. ICanada ye-Canada Yezesayensi Yomhlaba. Ekuqaleni kwendatshana, sichaze igama elejwayelekile le-alshazaur. Igama lezinhlobo i-elesitaiensis linikezwa endaweni yokuhlala ese-Elesitai, eduze nalapho kwatholakala khona idayinaso.

I-holotype, izinsalela zomuntu omkhulu futhi ophelele kunazo zonke, ithole ilebula IVPP 88402a. Kubandakanya ithambo lezinyo elifanele ngamazinyo ambalwa, amathambo e-pelvis nezingalo, izimbambo iningi lomgogodla, kufaka phakathi i-5 sacral ne-19 caudal vertebrae. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izinhlobo ezine ze-alshazaurus ziyaziwa: IVPP 88301, IVPP 88402b, IVPP 88501 kanye ne-IVPP 88510. Ngokubambisana bavumela ukwakhiwa kwesilwane cishe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwagebhezi kuphela.

Ukwakheka komzimba

Ubude bomzimba we-alshazaurus bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3.8. Ukuphakama kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.9. Wayenesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-380 (isisindo se-zebra enkulu).

I-pangolin yaseChinese yahamba ngemilenze emibili, yafika kubude obungamamitha ayi-1.5. Ukuphakama okhalweni kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Amabunqunu nawo ayemude impela (cishe 1 m). Baphetha ngeminwe emithathu ngemichilo ebukhali ehlaba umxhwele. Le mininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi um-alshazaur wasebenzisa isandulelo sakhe njalo. Zingaba wusizo ekutholeni ukudla noma ukuvikelwa kwabazingeli. Ngokusobala, i-alshazaurus, njengama-therizinosaurs amaningi, ayizange ihlukaniswe ngesivinini esivelele, yize yayiyiselula kakhulu kunesihlobo sayo esidumile - i-therizinosaurus (Therizinosaurus).

Ngeshwa, ugebhezi lwalungalondolozwanga ngokuphelele: kuphela izingcezu zomhlathi ongezansi ziyaziwa. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya nge-taxa eseduzane, singaphetha ngokuthi yayincane, incane futhi inde. Amazinyo amancane aqondile e-alshazaurus anikezwa imiqhele eyenziwe njengamaqabunga enamahlamvu. Umzimba wedayinaso yaseCreatace Cretaceous ubunjengokuthile umgqomo futhi wawusuqala ukuqhathanisa nentamo nomzimba omncane.

Umdwebi waseChina uChaun Chun Tat unikeza iplamu eliminyene. Yize iqiniso lokuthi iningi lokwakhiwa kabusha kobuciko libonisa i-alshazaur enezinwele, izimpawu zezimpaphe azikatholakali. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwe-beiposaosaur (iBeipiaosaurus) enjalo, ehlala eChina, kunikeza isisindo esengeziwe kule nguqulo.

Ngokungafani nama-Therizinosaurs angaphambilini, i-alshazaurus isivele inomsila omfushane. Ngokuvamile, i-alshazavrid yayiyi-therizinosaurus ephakathi nendawo ephathekayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi unezimpawu zazo zombili “ezasendulo” futhi kamuva ama-Therizinosaurs, okuyisikhundla esiphakathi, uDale Russell noDong Zhiming bambeka emndenini ohlukile we-alshazavrid. Ngokuvamile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukutholakala kwe-alshazaurus kwakuyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokuthi ama-therizinosaurs ehla evela ku -ropods. Ikakhulu, ithambo le-wrist wrist likhona ngokwemvelo kuma-dromaeosaurids, ama-troodontids, ama-oviraptorids ngisho nezinyoni. Ukutholwa kamuva kwe-falcarius (Falcarius) ne-beipaosaurus kuqinisekisile lokhu kucabanga.

Amathambo e-Alshazaurus

Lesi sithombe sikhombisa umbukiso wezinhlobo ze-Alxasaurus elesitaiensis ezivela eRoyal Tyrrell Paleontological Museum (Drumler, Alberta, Canada).

Ngezansi kombukiso oboniswa eStorium Museum (eVancouver, eBritish Columbia, eCanada).

Uhlobo lwebele: Alksazavr

I-Alksazavr - enye yama-dinosaurs angajwayelekile, angaqondakali futhi afundwe kancane. Konke kwaqala ngokuthola okungajwayelekile ukuthi ama-paleontologists ekuqaleni angazitholi kahle amathambo amajuba amakhulu.

Kepha okuningi kwalezi zinsalela ezisakazekile bekungaqondakali futhi kuyimfihlakalo: ikhanda elifana nefudu, imilenze emide, emuva, njengegobolondo.

Ukucwaningisisa kahle komhlaba ngaleli golide kuhlala kuqinisekisa ososayensi ukuthi batholile uhlobo lwama-dinosaurs angaziwa kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Futhi ngemuva kokutholwa eChina kwesikebhe esilondolozwe ngokuphelele e-Alksazavr, ukungabaza kuchithwe ngokuphelele.

Lesi silwane esimangalisayo sahamba ngemilenze emibili yangasemuva. Izibalo zangaphambili zazinamandla amangalisayo, njengoba kufakazelwa yi-callus enkulu yamathambo etholakala engaphambili. Ochwepheshe bathi amazinyo e-Alksazavra akhonze ukuhlafuna ukudla kwezitshalo. Imilenze yesilwane ihlome ngezihlakala ezinde, okungahle kubonakale, njengabantu abazingelayo. Kodwa-ke, basebenze nge-Alksazavru ukuze bavikeleke kuma-dinosaurs ezidla ezinye.

Phakathi kochwepheshe, kwaqubuka ingxabano ngokuthi iliphi iqembu lamadayinaso isilwane esingajwayelekile? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqiniso amaningi aqinisekisa ukuthi kungokwalabo ababizwa ngama-dinosaurs angama-herbivorous. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezimpawu okungatholakala ngazo ukuthi i-Alksazavra ithunyelwe kuma-theodods. Ngakho-ke, abanye abacwaningi baqala ukubiza i-lizard eyimfihlakalo emndenini wama-Therizinosaurs, ukuxhumana okuphakathi kwe-sauropods ne-theropods. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abafikanga embonweni ojwayelekile. Ukuambula imfihlakalo yesilwane esimangalisayo, ochwepheshe badinga ukwenza ucwaningo oluningi.

Ngokusho kososayensi, ngaleso sikhathi, ama-hamposaurs amise okwengwenya, amafudu kanye nama-psittacosaurs - ama-dinosaurs amancane e-herbivorous, kuwo ayekhona amaningi, ayehlala eduze kwe-Alksazavirs. Kepha u-Alksazavr wayeyisilwane esidla ubhedu, yize wayenamandla kakhulu ngokungajwayelekile. Ukubona ngaphambili okukhulu nokuqinile nemiphetho ebukhali kwamvumela ukuba akhiphe amagatsha amnandi futhi anempilo namaqabunga e-ginkgo. Izinsalela zalesi sitshalo zatholakala kwabaningi eChina, iminyaka yazo icishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-80. Ngokumangazayo, i-ginkgo isasinda eningizimu yeChina. Lezi zihlahla ezinobuhlakani, zineminyaka efanayo nama-dinosaurs. Ngokusho kososayensi, kwakuyisitshalo lesi okwakungukudla okuyinhloko kwama-Alksasaurs. Yize phakathi nesikhathi salezi zibungu, ama-fern kanye nezitshalo ezinkulu eziqhakaza yonke indawo kwakhula.

Umsoco nendlela yokuphila

Uma kubhekwa ukwakheka komhlathi namazinyo, ama-alshazaurs ayondla kakhulu ngezinto zezitshalo, kepha ngokweqiniso ayengadla nezilwane ezincane, njengama-amphibians, izibankwa nezilwane ezincelisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-invertebrates, ama-mollusks noma izinambuzane, nazo zingangena ekudleni.

Ngeshwa, i-paleobiota yokwakheka kweBain-Gobi isafundwa kabi. Kuze kube manje, kungaphawulwa ukuthi ama-Alshazaurs aseceleni nama-sauropods angaziwa, ama-ceratops, kanye ne -ropods. Kuma-deposits afanayo, i-hadrosaurid penelopognathus (Penelopognathus), echazwe ngonyaka we-2005, nayo iyaziwa. Ukwembiwa okwengeziwe kuzobonisa ukuthi ngubani owayeyisitha semvelo se-alshazavr.

Ama-alshazavrida aseChina angahola impilo yodwa, futhi ahlanganyele emaqenjini. Esekela abasekeli benguqulo yakamuva, kukhona ukutholwa okukhulu kwe-falkaria, ama-Therizinosaurs angaphambilini.

Ukubuka: Ama-Therizinosaurs

Amathambo we-pelvic akhethekile ala ma-dinosaurs ayefana namathambo we-pelvic of dinosaurs yenkukhu. Futhi imilenze nezinzipho zazifana kakhulu nemilenze nezinzipho zezidlakudla ezihlaselayo. I-Therizinosaurus yayine-torso ebanzi nentamo ende.

Izilwane zaziphumula ngokuhamba ngeminwe emine yezandla eziyingemuva, okwazenza zibukeke njenge-prosauropod. Babhekwa njengezihlobo ze-prosauropod kuze kube maphakathi nawo-1990, lapho kutholakala i-Alxazaurus. Izinsalela zalesi silwane ezigcinwe emzimbeni zigcinwe cishe ngokuphelele. I-Alksazavr ibukeka njenge -ropropod, kepha hhayi njenge-prosauropod. Ngokuqondene nalesi simo, ama-Therizinosaurs ekuhlukanisweni kwesayensi yanamuhla abizwa ngokuthi ama-theropods.

Kodwa-ke, ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-therizinosaurs namanye ama-theropods kwasungulwa, ngoba ososayensi bathola abameli baleli qembu bakudala, njenge-beipaosaurus (ngonyaka we-1999) ne-falkariya (ngonyaka ka-2005).

U-Alexazavar wayengeyena omkhulu.

Abaphenyi abachaza i-falkaria bathi yisigaba esiphakathi nendawo phakathi kwezidalwa ezihlaselayo ezihlaselayo. Kodwa-ke, njengamanje, ama-Therizinosaurs ahlukaniswa ngokuthi ama-theropods. Ibhokisi lesigaxa sabo lifana nogebhezi lwe-sauropod esesimweni samazinyo nemihlathi. Kukho konke, lezi zilwane zazingamakhambi.

Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu nesinesici se-Therizinosaurs yizigqoko ezinkulu emahlombe abo. Kwezinye izinhlobo zalezi zilwane, izindlawu zifinyelele kubude obungamasentimitha angama-90. Ama-Therizinosaurs akwazi ukwelula umbango wawo kude. Leli khono libonisa ukuthi lezi zilwane zazingamakhambi. Indlela yokondla i-Therizinosaurus ifana naleyo ye-prehistoric sloth: Izilwane zingasebenzisa imilenze yazo emide kanye nozipho obonakale ngokuqinile ukugoba amagatsha emilonyeni yazo.

Ukuba khona kwezimpaphe kuma-dinosaurs kusadala impikiswano.

Ngenqubo yokufunda izinsalela ze-beiposaosaur, kwatholakala ukuthi ama-therizinosaurs embozwe ungqimba we-fluff wakudala. Kutholakale iplamu yokuqala yakudala eSinosauropteryx. Izimpaphe ezinkulu nazo zatholakala. Izilwane zabakhombisa ukuheha abameli bobulili obuhlukile noma ukwethusa izitha.

Ama-Therizinosaurs yiqembu elihluke kakhulu lama-dinosaurs, kufaka phakathi ama-beiposaosaurs (amamitha angama-2,2) kanye nama-giizinosaurs amakhulu, abameleli bawo afinyelela kumamitha ayi-10-12 futhi asisindo cishe ngamathani ayi-6.2 futhi ayengama-theropods amakhulu aziwayo.