I-World Wildlife Fund, ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu, ibahumushele esigabeni “abasengozini”
EMoscow Septhemba 5th. I-INTERFAX.RU - Isikhwama seWorld Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) siguqule isimo semaphaphu amakhulu asuka "asengozini" yaba yizilwane "ezisengcupheni". Lokhu kushiwo kumyalezo wenhlangano.
Izinguquko kwiNcwadi Ebomvu zezilwane ezisengozini zenziwa ngemuva kokuba kube nokwanda okukhulu kwesibalo salezinhlobo zezilwane. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka we-2014, kwabalwa abantu abangu-1864, kwathi ngonyaka we-2004 inani lezilwane lalingabantu abangu-1596.
Isimo se "panda ezisengozini" enkulu yama-panda, esihlala eChina kuphela, sabelwa ngo-1990. I-panda enkulu iwuphawu lweWWF. I-logo yakhiwa umsunguli wenhlangano, isazi semvelo nomdwebi uPeter Scott ngo-1961. Ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili, iWWF yaba yinhlangano yokuqala yamazwe omhlaba ukuthola izimvume zomsebenzi eChina.
Isimo nama-pandas sibuyele kwesejwayelekile, sibonga amashumi eminyaka omsebenzi, ophawulwe emhlanganweni wezokuphepha.
E-China, baphendukela kulezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo: ngonyaka we-1981 bavimbela ukuthengiswa kwezikhumba zezilwane, kwathi ngo-1988 bavinjelwa ekuzingeleni, ngonyaka we-1992 bakha uhlelo lokugcina - manje isibalo sabo sesivele singama-67 kanti ama-67% abo bonke abantu abangama-panda bahlala kule ndawo yonke umhlaba. Manje, izindlela zokonga izilwane azithathwa kuphela yiziphathimandla zaseChinese, kepha nabameli bezilwane emhlabeni jikelele.
Endle, abantu abangu-1864 okwamanje bahlala. Ama-panda asele awazivumelaniswanga nokuphila ezimeni zemvelo futhi asezimweni zokugcina ukushisa.
Isihloko esikhishwe yiWorld Wildlife Fund sithi panda enkulu, ngenxa yemizamo yabantu, iyekile ukuba yinto ezisengozini yokuphela. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva ingozi ingozi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile ekhuphukele ngayo iye yanda.
Kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeWorld Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
Kubikwa ukuthi i-International Union for Conservation of Nature isishintshe ngokusemthethweni isimo se-pandas enkulu kwi-Red Book, yasinciphisa kusuka "esisengozini" saba "abasengozini".
ULuo Jie PiUMqondisi Omkhulu WWF eChina: "Ukwehlisa izinga lobungozi lwalesi zinhlobo kukhulunywa ngeminyaka eyimpumelelo yemizamo ngaphansi kobuholi bukahulumeni we-PRC futhi kukhombisa ukuthi imali ekugcinweni kokugcinwa kwezinhlobo ezibaluleke kangaka zezilwane njengoba kukhokhwa imali enkulu."
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-panda enkulu iwuphawu lweWWF, futhi kusukela ngeminyaka umdwebo oboniswayo ubekwa kwilogo yale nhlangano.
UMarco Lambertini, Isikhulu Esiphezulu se-WWF: "Lokhu kufinyelelwa kufanele kuphawulwe, kepha ama-panda asezinhlobo ezingandile futhi ezisengozini, futhi indawo ahlala kuyo isengozini kusuka kungqalasizinda eyakhiwe kabi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi bangu-1,864 kuphela abantu abahlala endle. ”
1. AmaPandas adla ukudla okungalungile.
I-panda idla cishe kuphela (99%) bamboo. Ezilwaneni zezilwane, zidla kakhulu i-bamboo, kepha futhi ziyavuma umoba, iphalishi elayisi, ukuxutshwa okukhethekile okwenzelwe zona, kusuka izaqathe, ama-apula namazambane amnandi.
Inkinga ukuthi azilungele ngokomzimba ukudla i-bamboo. Imizimba yabo ayishintshiwe ukuze igaye i-cellulose ngakho-ke kumele idle ngoqalo oluningi (9-20 kg ngosuku). Ngenxa yalokhu kudla “okungalungile”, ama-pandas endle awanawo amaprotheni anele namandla okuhambisa, futhi ikakhulukazi kumngane womshado.
Isistimu yokugaya ukudla kwe-pandas yenzelwe ukugaya inyama, ihlukaniswa njengama-carnivores. Zinamazinyo aqinile, njenganoma iyiphi enye ibhere, futhi uma aphelelwa ngoqalo, angayidla inyama nenhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, badla ngoqalo kuphela.
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla nokungondleki, ama-panda asephenduke izilwane ezivilapha kakhulu. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi behleli noma belele endaweni eyodwa. Isikhathi sonke abanye badla i-bamboo. Futhi shit izikhathi ezingama-40 ngosuku!
2. Ama-Pandas awanandaba nokuzala.
Ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, ama-panda awanandaba ngokuphelele ngokuzalanisa. Eqinisweni, abanandaba kangako ukuthi abantu baphoqelekile ukusebenzisa inqubo yokusebenzisa ingqondo. Babeka ama-panda ambalwa emgodini futhi bawakhombise ividiyo lapho amanye ama-pandas mate.
Lapho zivuna, owesilisa kufanele asondele kowesifazane futhi enze umsindo othile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, insikazi iyobona indlela yayo njengokuhlaselwa. Ekudingisweni, abesilisa abazami kanzima kakhulu ukusondela kwabesifazane, futhi ikakhulukazi abazami ukukhiqiza lo msindo.
Ama-panda ama-femal ovrate kanye ngonyaka - entwasahlobo - ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-3. Uma phakathi nalesi sikhathi bengakhangi abesilisa, isikhathi sokukhwelana siyosaphazwa. Ukugqugquzela abesilisa ukuba bangaphuthelwa leli thuba lesikhashana, abantu babeze banikeza ama-pandas neViagra.
3. Ama-Pandas angabazali ababi
Abesifazane bangazala amawundlu amabili, njengomthetho, kukodwa okusindayo ngoba umama anganakekela ingane eyodwa kuphela. Iwundlu lesibili limane linganakwa.
Amawundlu ahlala nonina kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, okusho ukuthi insikazi eyodwa, okungenani, ingaba nethole elilodwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Ngenxa yokuzingela okungekho emthethweni, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala nezinye izimbangela zokufa, inani lamaphara amakhulu alikwazi ukululama.
Ngokuvamile kuba nezimo lapho ama-pandas uqobo abulala amawundlu awo. Ama-pandas angenye yomama ababi kakhulu embusweni wezilwane.
Uma ulithandile i-athikili, thula ubhalise!
Kungani i-panda iyizinhlobo ezisengozini?
Ukuze ube nomqondo ocacile womnyombo wenkinga, okokuqala, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi inhlobo enabantu abaphansi kakhulu futhi eqhubeka nokuwohloka kubhekwe ukuthi ibeka engcupheni. Enye into ebalulekile ukuthi ama-pandas ayigama nje elejwayelekile lezinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane ezihlobene kakhulu nomunye. Sikhuluma nge-panda enkulu, ebizwa nangokuthi i-bamboo bear, ne-panda encane.
Ngeshwa, ukuhlangana nama-panda amaningi endle cishe akunakwenzeka.
Uma zangaphambili zaziwa kakhulu ngokufana kwazo nebhere kanye nombala omnyama nomhlophe, lezi zamuva azithandwa kakhulu futhi zibukeka njenge-raccoon ebomvu evuthayo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma nge-pandas, kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi hlobo luni lwenkulumo oluhilelekile.
Umbala obonakalayo we-panda enkulu ubenza babe esinye sezilwane ezibonakala kakhulu.
Ngeshwa, isimo sazo zombili lezi zinja asikwazi ukungeneka. Inani lalezi zilwane lincane kakhulu, futhi isibalo se-panda siyaqhubeka sincipha ngokuqinile.Ngokuqondene namabhere we-bamboo, muva nje isimo sawo sithuthukile ngandlela thile, okwasivumela ukuthi singafaki i-panda enkulu ohlwini lwezilwane ezisengozini.
Isimo se-pandas sinjalo kangangokuba kufanelekile ukubamba ikhanda.
Kungani ama-panda amakhulu engasazona izilwane ezisengozini?
Inani eliphansi lamaphara amakhulu liphikelele iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane. Yize ingekho imininingwane yokuthi zingaki izilwane ezazihlala endaweni yase China mandulo (khumbula ukuthi i-panda enkulu iyisiphephelo saseChina), umlando wezikhathi zakudala uthi zazibhekwa njengezokungatholakali kabusha ngaleso sikhathi. Kunoma ikuphi, emakhulwini eminyaka i-VI-VII, lezi zilwane kwakhulunywa ngazo njengezipho ezibalulekile zesibambiso, ezaqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20.
Ibhere bamboo ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuyisipho sobukhosi ngempela.
Eminyakeni yama-80 yekhulu leminyaka eyedlule, ama-panda amakhulu, ayewuphawu lweChina, aba mancane kakhulu kangangokuba uhulumeni waleli lizwe wathatha izinyathelo ezazingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili ukuze abasindise. Ikakhulu, kwenziwa izikhungo ezikhethekile zokutadisha nokuzalanisa ama-pandas, phakathi kwazo edume kakhulu yindawo yokubhuka neyokulondolozela eChengdu. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kwethulwa umthetho oqinile wokuzingela nokugebha lezi zilwane, ukwephulwa kwako okujeziswa ngokufa. Ukuthengiswa kwezikhumba zephara enkulu nezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakhe nakho kujeziswa kanzima. Ngokuhambisana, uhulumeni utshale imali eningi ukuze kulondolozwe indawo yokuhlala ama-panda amakhulu.
Kwakudinga imizamo enkulu ukumisa ukubhujiswa kwama-panda amakhulu.
Zonke lezi zinyathelo zaba nomphumela omuhle, kwathi ngemuva kokubalwa kwabantu okukhulu okwenziwe ngonyaka ka-2016, kwatholakala ukuthi isibalo sabantu sanda kakhulu. Lokhu kufinyelelwa kwenze ukuthi sikwazi ukuguqula isimo sebhere le-bamboo kwi-Red Book kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezisengozini kuya kwesisengozini. Ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane ezinethemba lokuthi umsebenzi oqhubekayo kule ndlela uzokhulisa isibalo salezi zilwane ngomunye u-30% eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kuya kwemithathu ezayo.
Ukukhula kwesibalo sabantu abasebenza nge-pandas enkulu kuyindaba yokuziqhenya kweChina.
Ama-Pandas Amancane - Izinhlobo Zezisengozini
Ngeshwa, ama-panda amancanyana amabi kakhulu kunalawo amakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi lalezi zilwane lihlala ngaphandle kwe China - emazweni lapho ukongiwa kwemvelo yasendle akuyona into eza kuqala. Ngenxa yalokhu, indawo yokuhlala kwama-panda amancanyana ibhujiswa ngentshiseko, futhi nezilwane uqobo ziyaqhubeka nokuzingela.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ama-pandas amancane azonyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba ngasekupheleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka.
Kodwa noma ngabe kwenqatshelwe kuphi, isijeziso sokuzingela sisebenza kakhulu ukwesabisa labo abafuna ukwenza imali ngalesi silwane esibalulekile. Uboya be-panda encane bulwiswa kakhulu ngobuhle bawo nangezinto zemilingo ezifakiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulimala okukhulu kwesibalo sabantu kubangelwa ngokudonsa ama-pandas amancane okugcina njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanele sivume ukuthi kuze kube manje alikho ithemba lokukhula kwesibalo sabantu noma ngisho nokuzinza, kanti nama-panda amancanyana asengozini yokulwa.
Ngenhlanhla, ekudingisweni, ama-panda amancane azalela kangcono kakhulu kunamakhulu.
Kungani amaphara efa?
Yize i-panda enkulu namuhla ingahlukaniswa njengohlobo olusengozini, izizathu ezibalulekile zokwehla kwenani lalezi zilwane bezilokhu zikhona:
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ama bamboo,
• ukuzingela inyama noboya.
Futhi uma uhulumeni ekwazi ukubhekana nokuzingela izinyosi ngamabhere ngokulula, ukuwa kuyaqhubeka nokuba yinkinga enkulu. Inani labantu base China kanye nokuthuthuka komnotho okusheshayo kudinga umhlaba omusha. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwenziwa izindlela ezintsha zokuhamba ezidiliza indawo yokuhlala kwe-panda ezindaweni ezingazodwa, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwenani labantu be-panda enkulu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezindaweni ezihlala ezintabeni ezihlala ezintabeni i-alpine ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwesinye sezinhlobo ezimbalwa zenzuzo etholakalayo. Ngokuqondene ne-panda encane (ebomvu), usongo olukhulu kuyo kuze kube manje ukuzingela nokugebha.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-panda encane ihlala ezindaweni ezikude, iyaqhubeka nokuzingela.
Impilo ye-panda enkulu incike ngqo emahlathini e-bamboo.
Ukuzalwa kwawo wonke ama-panda amakhulu kungumcimbi womhlaba wonke.