IGreater Blue Hole ingesinye sezimangaliso zemvelo nemangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Ngemuva kokufunda i-athikili, kuba sobala ukuthi kungani le ndawo isezindaweni ezihamba phambili ze-TOP 10 zokudonsa. Ukutadisha emihumeni efihlwe kulokhu kusize ososayensi ukuvula imfihlo kaMayan. Le ndatshana futhi inikezela ngemininingwane mayelana nendawo okutholwe kuyo ubheshi wolwandle, umbono wokuthi ubukeka kanjani nomlando wokutadisha.
Ngokuphikisana nendawo ekhanyayo ye-Gulf of Honduras, umbuthano ochazwe ngokucacile we-Ultramarine ume ngaphandle - le yindlela iBlue Blue Hole ebukeka ngayo ngokubuka kwamehlo enyoni. Umbala ojabulisayo utholakala ngenxa yamanzi acwebile we-crystal kanye nokujula okukhulu komgodi. Emephini yomhlaba kukhona nama-crater olwandle akhudlwana, kepha le ndawo iyabukeka ngobuhle bayo nobumfihlo. Ukushayela lapha kuyiphupho elithandekayo labhlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele.
Yini iBlue Blue Hole
Le nto yemvelo engajwayelekile iyisiyingi esiyindilinga esinobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-120 nobubanzi bamamitha angama-305. Udonga lwamadwala wamakhorali selukhulele eceleni komgodi omkhulu. Amashubhu aphansi alimaza amakhorali, kepha amasayithi okuqhekeka ngokushesha agcwala izinqubo ezintsha. Iziteshi ezimbili kuphela ezixhuma umthombo nolwandle.
Abalandeli be-diving bahehwa ikakhulukazi emihumeni etholakala 35 - 45 metres ukusuka ebusweni bamanzi. Bakha i-labyrinth engaphansi kwamanzi, ehlotshiswe ngokucebile ngama-stalactites amakhulu kanye nokukhula okuyisimanga kwe-limestone. Amanye ama-stalactites akhule afinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 futhi aphambuka ku-vertical ngama-10 - 12 degrees. Uhlelo lwemigudu luxhumanisa umgodi olwandle nezwekazi. Kulombuso ongaphansi kwamanzi kukhona ukukhanya okuncane futhi cishe akukho ukusakazwa kwamanzi, ngakho-ke kunabantu abaningi. Lapha ungathola imihlambi yabadobi basolwandle. Ukuphila emanzini angajulile, emaphethelweni wethangi elikhulu, kunothile kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokuguguleka okuphezulu, ukugxila lapha kuba yingozi enkulu: iziphepho eziwumphumela zidonsela kwalasha wonke umuntu osohlwini.
Likuphi iBig Blue Hole
Ngokuma ngokwezindawo, amalokishi asolwandle angaphansi kwesifundazwe saseCentral America iBelize. Uchungechunge lwamakhorali lweBelize Barrier Reef lungena ogwini lwaleli lizwe ngamakhilomitha angama-280, bese ulandela uGreat Barrier Reef. Maphakathi neLightouse Reef Atoll kukhona iparele eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lasolwandle.
Ungafika lapha ngesikebhe kusuka echwebeni laseSan Pedro emahoreni ambalwa. Ukudidiyela kwendawo yendawo ngqo: 17º02 'N I-87º32 'W
Imibono Yokubukeka
I-geometry ekahle yomgodi yabangela imibono enganekwane yemvelaphi yayo. Izakhamizi zaseCentral America zikholelwa ukuthi unkulunkulu othile wasebenzisa umgodi njengendawo yokugcina izinto. Kwakunamahlebezi wokuthi izimpucuko zangaphandle kuphela ezingashiya uphawu olunjalo. Kepha noma kunjalo, yimvelo eyadala lesi simangaliso.
Ososayensi banikeza uhlobo olunengqondo kakhulu. Ngombono wabo, lokhu ukwakheka kokuma komhlaba, okwabangelwa ukwakheka kwawo ngenkathi yobusika. Kuqala, kwavela inethiwekhi yemihume enakekela izingane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amazinga olwandle aqala ukukhuphuka, futhi amanzi agcwala amahholo angaphansi komhlaba futhi ehlisa izindonga zawo. Iqiniso lokuthi ama-stalactites angled libuye libonise ukuguquka kwamadwala.
Ukuqabuleka okunjalo kuphawuleka ogwini lweMelika Ephakathi.
Umlando wokucwaninga
Impendulo yemfihlakalo yesimangaliso saseBelizean yatholakala ngo-1972 nguJacques-Yves Cousteau. Umhloli wamandulo wezwe elingaphansi kwamanzi wahola uhambo lwesayensi ngomkhumbi "iCalypso". Iqembu lakhe lababhali bezolwandle bakwazile ukwehlela ezansi komsele. Bakwazi ukubona ukujula kwalo, futhi baqinisekisa nomcabango wokuthi kwenzeka.
Kodwa-ke, inzalo yokufuna ukuthola le ngcebo yemvelo ayiphelanga. Ngo-2018, ukuphuma kwelinye izwe kwenzeka ngaphansi kobuholi bukaFabien Cousteau, eqhubeka nomsebenzi wokhokho wakhe owayengumkhokheli. Inhloso eyinhloko yeBlue Hole Belize 2018 kwakuwukubhala phansi phansi. Behlola ingaphezulu lomthombo, amalungu aleli qembu athola ngokudabukisayo - inani elikhulu lokungcola kwepulasitiki.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Ngo-2012, ososayensi bafunda ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ama-stalactites nokwakheka kwe-calcareous kusuka kuma-grottoes angaphansi kwamanzi futhi bathola ukuthi kusuka eminyakeni engama-800 kuye kwayi-1000. AD kuqubuke isimo sezulu kulezi zindawo, okuholele kwisomiso esikhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, impucuko yaseMayan yaqala ukubola. I-heyday yesiko neyokwakha yaba nezimpi zegazi nendlala. Kwakuyisomiso esadala ukuthi amadolobha asendulo ashiywe, futhi abantu baqala ukuthuthela enyakatho. Ucwaningo lwe-Cave lufakazele umbono wemvelo wokuwohloka kwale mpucuko.
Imbobo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eBelize iyinto yemvelo emangalisayo, okuthakazelisa ngokulinganayo ukucubungula kokubili ukundiza phezu kwayo kanye nokutshonela kwezulu kolwandle. Ubuhle obumangalisayo bale ndawo bubhekwa kufanele njengegugu lomhlaba futhi bufakwe ohlwini lwezinto ezivikelwe yi-UNESCO.
Yini umgodi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?
Ngombono wokuma komhlaba, lokhu kunguhlaka lwe-karst. Ukwakheka kwayo kwenzeka izigidi zeminyaka eyedlule - ngesikhathi sokuqalwa kokugcina kweplanethi yethu (inkathi yeqhwa).
Igama elithi hole hole igama elijwayelekile lama-karst funnels agcwele amanzi nangaphansi kwezinga lolwandle.
Ukujula kwethamo, ngokusho kwabaphenyi, cishe ngamamitha ayi-120. Ububanzi bomgodi omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngamamitha angama-305.
Likuphi umgodi omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Lesi simangaliso sasemhlabeni siseduzane nesifundazwe saseBelize, esiseMelika Ephakathi ogwini lweCaribbean.
Izimbobo eziningi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zazakheka phakathi nenkathi yeqhwa, lapho izinga lamanzi lingaphansi kwamamitha ayi-100-120.
Amagagasi abukeka kahle kule ndawo yomhlaba. Ngesikhathi sokuguguleka okukhulu, umgodi uphenduka ube ilokishi elikhulu, elikwazi ukuncela enkabeni yalo hhayi kuphela ama-microorganisms, kodwa futhi nezikebhe zonke ezinabantu.
Lapho ama-ebbs efika, umgodi omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengokungathi, udonsela emuva yonke into ewele ngengozi "umthamo" wayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, imithombo yangempela ibilisa amanzi, imvamisa ngisho nangodoti.
Ngesikhathi sokuguguleka, ama-whirlpools real akha endaweni yomgodi omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, adweba kukho konke okuntantayo ebusweni.
Ngenxa yokushintsha okunjalo komgodi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abantu bavame ukuba izisulu zalo ngokuzimela.
Isidalwa esiphilayo somgodi omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ososayensi bathole izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi kulolu bishi olujulile, phakathi kwazo: oshaka abaziwa ngokuthi yi-nanny, oshaka basemanzini, ama-giant grouper nabanye.
Naphezu kokungafinyeleleki kwendawo (ibanga ukusuka edolobheni laseBelize limakhilomitha angama-96), iGreater Blue Hole isiza esidumile sokudonsela phansi endaweni yokuzijabulisa.
Kumphakathi wezemvelo wamazwe omhlaba, le ndawo emangalisayo ibaluleke kakhulu, yingakho umgodi omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubhalwe njengeSayithi lamagugu omhlaba le-UNESCO.
Ukugibela emanzini “enzonzobila” eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka izinkulungwane zabantu abahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke beza lapha minyaka yonke. Njengomthetho, indlela idlula edolobheni laseSan Pedro. Inengqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe futhi inokuthile okumele ikwenze ngaphambi kokuntywiliselwa okuthinta umhlaba wezimangaliso zasemanzini.
Umgodi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka waba sibonga odumile kumhloli wamazwe waseFrance uJacques-Yves Cousteau.
Ngaphezu kokudaya, izivakashi ezivakashele kule ndawo zinikezwa abagibeli bezindiza ezinophephela emhlane umgodi omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukubuka okuvela ngaphezulu, ngokusho kwabahambi abaningi, akumangazisi futhi kujabulise njengaphansi kwamanzi.
Inani lomlando
Ngenxa yocwaningo lwamatshe angaphansi emgodi omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ososayensi bathole esinye sezimbangela zokufa kwempucuko yaseMayan. Ngemuva kokuhlaziya imali ebekelwa phansi yestest,
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Ngifuna ukwazi konke
Siqala ukuhlaziya isihloko sethebula lama-oda likaSeptemba. Manje ngithathe izihloko eziyi-10 kuphela (ngizophumula kancane), ngakho-ke mhlawumbe ababaningi abantu ababenaso isikhathi :-). Enye yezimpumelelo petr_leycans, nansi into ayicelayo:I- "Mecca" yabo bonke abahlukanisi, okuyindawo eyingozi kakhulu yokuhudula, i-siphon, ukushona endaweni eyodwa, futhi ukuvela olwandle oluvulekile, namanje asikwazi ukuthatha isinqumo sokuhudula lapho
Imbobo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibizwa ngokuthi ukucwilisa okungaphansi kwamanzi ngaphansi kogu loLwandle Olubomvu eduze nedolobha laseGibhithe laseDahab. Ukujula kwesimo sokucishe siyindilinga sediphu kungamamitha ayikhulu namashumi amathathu. Umgodi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ongaphansi kwamamitha angama-50 uxhunywe kuLwandle Olubomvu ngothango olungamamitha ayi-26 odongeni lwedwala lamakhorali elibizwa nge-Arch.
Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sedwala lamakhorali kanye nemvelo yaso emangalisa kudonsa abaningi abaningi lapha. Kodwa-ke, indawo esuka eBlue Hole iya oLwandle Olubomvu edlula e-Arch idinga iziqu eziphakeme kakhulu nokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. Ngeshwa, ukuhlolwa kwengozi okungalungile kwale dive kuvame ukuholela emiphumeleni emibi. Shono-ke ukwehluleka kuthola isidlaliso esabekayo "Amathuna abantu abahlukahlukene", ngokusho kwemithombo esemthethweni, lapho bezama ukudlula e-Arch, bangaphezu kwamashumi amane abantu abafile. Ogwini eduze kweBlue Hole kukhona ezibhebheni zesikhumbuzo zabanye abashonile.
Kodwa-ke, ukungena ngaphansi kweBlue Hole ngaphandle kokudlula e-Arch kuyathandwa ngabakhenkethi. Amakhorali amaningi akhula odongeni olubheke phezulu lwe-dip kanye nenhlanzi enhle yasolwandle ephila kakhulu, futhi umuzwa wengozi ubhebhethekisa kuphela imizwa.
Kanye, izigidi zeminyaka edlule, amakhorali ayesekhule ngamamitha amabili nodonga oluqinile ngokuzumayo ayeka ukukhula. Imiphetho yayo, njengoba iqhubekile nokukhula, ikhule ndawonye kuphela emva kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Umphumela waba umgodi omkhulu wamakhorali, obizwa ngokuthi luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yombala wawo osezulwini. Lo ngumgodi omkhulu onobubanzi bamamitha acishe abe ngu-55, okuthi ngesimo somthombo wokuphepha uhle kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-102. Le ndawo iyatholakala ngokudonsela kuphela kwabaphambukeli abanolwazi.
Zonke izimbotshana eDahab zenziwa kusukela ogwini, abantu bendawo baze bahlela uhlobo lwe-cafe eduze kwesiza se-dive.
Imininingwane esemthethweni yokuthi ngubani wokuqala ukungena e-arch ayigcinwanga. Kukholelwa kabanzi ukuthi i-void enkulu emzimbeni wethanga yabonwa ekuqaleni kwesikrini se-sonar ngama-Israyeli.
Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamadwala kwehlukile. Umgede omkhulu odongeni lomhlanga, ohlukaniswe yichibi elimise okomfula ovela olwandle oluvulekile, unendawo yokugcina igobongo ibheke olwandle, yehla kusuka ku-49 kuye ku-54 m. Yehla ukusuka ogwini futhi ekungeneni kwe-arch inejubane elingaba yi-90 m, ekuphumeni ngaphandle kwethango - 120 m ukujula. I-arch yenziwa emthambekeni wamamitha ayi-26 - phezulu kwawo. Ukuhlelwa okunjalo kwenza ukudlula emhlabeni kube yingozi kakhulu kubantu abahlukahlukene abangaqinisekisiwe ezindaweni ezijulile futhi abangenazo izinto ezikhethekile. Abantu abaningi abahlukahlukene, kubandakanya nabanolwazi kakhulu, babejeziswa kanzima ngenxa yokuzama ukuzama lapho bezama le ndlela “ekhanyayo” yesithambo.
Yiziphi izizathu - ngemuva kwakho konke, kwabaningi abanolwazi abaningana, i-dive engamamitha angaphezu kwangu-50 ayiphumanga kokujwayelekile? Ake sibheke.
I-arch isuselwa empumalanga esenyakatho. Ngakho-ke, it kabi kabi. Ukuphuma kusuka ku-arch kuya ngaphandle komhlanga kusemthunzini. Umnyango we-arch yi-gutter emincane futhi ejulile, evaliwe ezinhlangothini. Imisebe yelanga eqondile ayijuli ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-20. Futhi ukujula. Ngakho-ke, kuhlale kuhlwe - ngisho nangaphandle komhlanga.
Ukuhudula kuvame ukuqala nge-dive ngaphakathi emthanjeni. Njengoba sesifinyelele ngokuphepha ekujuleni okuhleliwe, i-diver isivele isebusuku. Lapha ubona ubukhazikhazi obukhazimulayo obukhulu be-arch bese eqala ukubhukuda ngaphansi kwethambo kuya ngaphandle komhlanga. Futhi lapha ulinde isivivinyo esibi samakhono okusebenza kahle. Ngoba kumnyama ku-arch futhi kulawula ukujula ngokwezimpawu eziphawuleka komhlaba cishe akunakwenzeka. I-Blue Hole ekhanyayo ibude kakhulu kulokhu. Izindonga ze-arch zisebumnyameni ngokuphelele. Ngalezo zikhathi ezinjalo, abantu abangazilungele lezi zimo bangaqala isethi yokujula okungalawulwa. Ekujuleni okungaphezu kwama-70 m, akusekho mnyama njengaphansi kwe-arch arch - ukukhanya okwanele kungena lapho ukufunda ukufundwa kwethuluzi ngaphandle kwethoshi futhi ngaphandle kokukhanya. Ngisho nasekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-100 akubona mnyama njengaphansi kwe-arch uqobo.
Indlela ejwayelekile yokudonswa kwabaphambukeli bezobuchwepheshe ukungena emanzini usuka kumabhuloho echibini, ubhukuda ungaphezulu kuya odongeni lwamatshe olungemikhandle. Gxila ekujuleni okulungele iziqu. Izansi ngesimo sendawo ethambekele kuzoba kule ndawo ngamamitha ayi-90. Cishe njalo ngaso sonke isikhathi echibini elikhulu ekujuleni kwama-60-80 m ungahlangana nomhlambi wezinhlwayi zenja ezinamanzi ayi-4 kuya kwayi-12. Ngemuva kwalokho, abaphambukayo nge-arch baya engxenyeni yangaphandle yomhlanga. Bafika bema nge-decompression odongeni lwamatshe, ekujuleni okungama-7 m babuyela enqamula echibini, lapho okushiye khona ukubola.
Enye indlela yokungena emanzini ukungena emanzini ngesikejana esithi “Bells” - Izinsimbi ngemuva kwamathuna abahlukanisi abafile, zehlela ekujuleni kuka-65 m bese zibhukuda, zinomhlanga ngakwesokunene sakho. Ngaso leso sikhathi akukho lapho ungaphendukela khona, futhi i-arch izoba phambi kwakho - kuzofanele uyifune. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuqapha ukuhamba kwengxube engezansi - ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile (ukukhanya okudlula manje), indlela eya e-Arch ithatha imizuzu eyi-15. Uma okwenzekayo kuvela ukuthi kuyeza, kungaba okulungile ukuqala ukukhuphuka kuye kuma-60-55 m ngaphambili, ngaphambi kokufika ku-arch.
Blue Hole eDahab - Enye yezinsika eziyimfihlakalo futhi enhle kakhulu yoLwandle Olubomvu, ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezihle kakhulu zokudonsela amanzi emhlabeni futhi yenye yezingozi kakhulu.
Izinganekwane zithi ezikhathini zasendulo, i-emir yayihlala kulezi zindawo, futhi yayinendodakazi eyodwa. Lapho i-emir iqhubeka nemikhankaso yezempi, indodakazi yakhe yathandana nentsha yendawo. Futhi ukuze amahemuhemu ezenzo zakhe ezihlazisayo angadluleli ngale kwesigodlo, le ntsha engeyinhle yangeniswa emgodini ongenamkhawulo. Ekugcineni, i-emir isathola ngokuziphatha okubi kwendodakazi futhi yayala ukuba kubulawe libertine. Ngemuva kwalokho indodakazi ye-emir yaziphonsa kule Blue Hole kakhulu ('Blue Hole') futhi amagama ayo okugcina athi: 'Ngisazothatha bonke abanesibindi sokungena emanzini kule ndawo'. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi iyiqiniso kanjani le ndaba, kodwa izinganekwane ezinamagama abantu abahlukene be-scuba abafa lapha ziyabonakala.
Kude kude nomhume ongaphansi kwamanzi, ogwini, kunesikhumbuzo lapho kunamaphilisi amaningi anamagama abanye babafundi abashonile lapha. Muva nje, bekunqatshelwe ukuthumela izimpawu ezintsha, njengoba uhulumeni waseGibhithe ebonile ukuthi lokhu kungathinta kabi ukuheha kwezivakashi kwale ndawo yemvelo engajwayelekile, kodwa ebulalayo.
Okwamanje, uhlu lwabantu abaye banqoba i-arch kwimodi yokukhulula (isb. Ukubamba ukuphefumula kwabo) kufushane kakhulu. Kunamagama ambalwa nje, phakathi kwawo kunabaphambukeli abanjengoBifin (South Africa), Herbert Nietzsc (Austria), Natalia no-Alexey Molchanov (Russia). Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi uNatalia Molchanova usenguyena kuphela owesifazane owahambisa i-arch ngomkhumbi owodwa!
Nakhu okwabhalwa ngu-Andrei Chistyakov, ofundisa nge-TDI:
Kusazwakala kithina sonke esasazi uJames, futhi ngiqinisekile ukuthi asikakholelwa ngokuphelele ukuthi lo mfanyana omangalisayo, iKing Blue Hole, akasekho. Kepha wahlala lapho ngoJuni 1, 2003. Futhi ngaphambi kwakhe kwakusekuningi abanye, mhlawumbe okungakhanyi kangako, kepha njengaye, owayethanda ulwandle kungapheli, wayazi ukudansa futhi wayekwazi nokuntywila. Futhi uRob Palmer, Hurghada, 1997? Ngale ndlela, uJames washona edonswa ngendlaza, i.e. kwakungeyona "umdlalo webhola elilodwa." Yebo, futhi uRob akekho ongasola ukungakwazi. Ngikhumbula i-athikili enkulu edidekile ku-Octopus ngokufa kukaPalmer. Wake wazibuza ukuthi yini eyababulala? Impendulo ilula kakhulu - ijulile emoyeni, kubaqalisi - i-DEEP AIR.
Masikusho ngokuzwakalayo, Umoya ojulile sihloko! Yebo, umqhele ozungeze intamo wokuntywila wobuchwepheshe, kepha - itimu! Bebelokhu bekwenza, bekwenza futhi bazoqhubeka ukukwenza. Cishe wonke umuntu ubambisene, kepha bathulile - abafundisi abatsheli izitshudeni zabo, abanolwazi oluningi abazitsheli iziqalo, ukushintshana ngokubuka okuhlukile ngemuva kokugxuma okungamamitha ayi-110 ... Ukusho ukuthi, ungakwenzi lokhu, angikwazi, akusizi ngalutho. Ngizovele ngiphendukele kwisimo sokuqala.
"Techie". Ngakho-ke, i-Blue Hole, amahora angu-12 ntambama (ngaphambili, akunakwenzeka, okokuqala, ama-techies ayathanda ukulala, athi, kudingeka aphumule kahle, futhi okwesibili, ngokuvamile kwenziwa nge-dive eyodwa ngosuku, ngakho-ke akukho ukushesha). AmaTechi agqoke ngokuzola - ngemuva kwesikhafu esinomoya, ohlangothini - isigaba esisodwa esine-nitrox engama-50 - esesibili asisizi ngalutho, iphrofayili kaJo-Yo ayidingi. Ogwini, vuma kakhulu ukuthi namuhla - ubuningi bamamitha ayi-100, ngokujulile - cha, cha. Futhi ungene. Ukucwiliswa kwenzeka ngendlela ejwayelekile - i-vest ishaye ngokuphelele - futhi ngetshe phansi, into esemqoka ukuthi ube nesikhathi sokubopha ngaphambi kwaphansi. Futhi nansi indawo engezansi kwe-Arch - 70, 80, 90 metres - i-anesthesia emboza kahle umzimba, kepha iTechie yona inkulu kakhulu - iqoqa amashubhu akhanyayo ezansi, aphonswe yizivakashi ezingathandeki ezivela kuSmarm, amaphiko, futhi, uma unenhlanhla, amakhompyutha. Futhi i-anesthesia yenza umsebenzi wayo. Ngaphandle kwekhoneni lethu, iTechie yethu ibona ukuthi umlingani wayo usejule ngokwengeziwe - uh, cha, mfowethu, uqamba amanga - kufanele ungeze amamitha ambalwa. Ngezinsalela zombono (amachashazi amnyama phambi kwamehlo, umhubhe wokubona), iqhawe lethu lilungisa isibalo ekhompyutheni - amamitha ayi-110. Hawu, kepha isimo sihamba kahle, namuhla ungaya ngokujula. Futhi kuya kujula, phansi kuyathandeka - ukukhetha okuhle ngezinyathelo ezingalindelekile.
Futhi yini ekhona, ngemuva kwesinyathelo esilandelayo? Kancane kancane, ngokungazihluphi, ulala phansi, futhi imilenze yakhe iqhubeka ukujula ngokuthula - ngokujulile nangokujulile ... Ngisho nalapho enyuka, umholi weqembu uthola ukuthi laba bobabili ababonakali - kepha omunye walabo abalahlekile uwela ngaphezu kwakhe ngetshe - lokhu kuyizisulu zokwazi kumamitha ayi-112. Ngicindezele i-vest eshayayo, ngaphaphama ngamadola angamashumi amahlanu, ngethukile ngabona ikhompyutha yami - ngehla ngokushesha, ukuze ime. Kepha ukukhathazeka kugcwalisa kancane kancane ukuhola komholi, akekho owesibili futhi, njengoba engakafiki imizuzu eyi-15 edlule, uyaphangisa. Kucaca lapha - owesibili ngeke abuye futhi - okwamanje, kusenomoya ku-spark sakhe futhi ulele ngokuzolile kumamitha ayi-140, uphefumula ngokulinganayo, i-VR3 esihlakaleni yakhe ikhombisa ukungabinakho konke kwehora lamahora ama-4, kepha onobuhle ujabule ulele phansi bese uphefumula.
Futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, indoda nowesifazane asebekhulile beza eDahab, bezolile, abasakwazi ukukhala futhi, futhi impilo yabo manje seyilahlekelwe nanjongo - phela, akubanga ngoyedwa ababemthanda kakhulu, ababephilele yena, ukuhambela kwakhe izingcingo nezingcingo ezingathandeki ababekujabulela kakhulu emhlabeni. Baya kunogada wendawo bamnikeze ama-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezintathu - bazonikeza omunye u-5 uma esethatha lokho okushiye indodana yabo, uma izinhlanzi nemifino yayiphana ngalezi zinsuku - usengabonakala ... Futhi-ke - imisebenzi emide no Iziphathimandla, amaphoyisa kanye nebhokisi le-zinc balayisha ngaphakathi kwe-IL-86, bethusa izivakashi ezihamba ...
"IYAZI." Namuhla iphupho lami selifezekile - ngavuma nenduna yendawo ngamagremu ayikhulu - ngamthembisa ukumyisa e-Arch. Kepha ini, ngivele ngibe ngumuntu onobuhlakani obunolwazi, ngine-dives engu-50, ngibe futhi ngamamitha angama-60 (ngasese kusuka endaweni eyi-divemaster, ngihlangene nomngani, ohambweni lwami lokugcina oluya eMaldives), ngiphefumula kahle, ibhaluni elilodwa lanele uma ungahlali isikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-Arch. Cabanga nje, Arch, bathi i-arch ephezulu ibanga lamamitha angama-55 - ngakho-ke konke kuhlelekile. Ukushona. Sitshuza sizamazama ngamamitha angama-30, kunzima kancane ukulawula ukuzonda phakathi komthombo - azikho izimpawu ezibonakalayo, kepha, akukho lutho, singasebenzisa izinsimbi. Futhi nansi iphuma nalutho - ubuhle! Futhi asikhuphuke sijule, bese amamitha ayi-55 engaqinile ngandlela thile ...
Ngenza isibonakaliso kumuntu engisizakala naye uSusanin ukuthi usejula ngokuphuma ku-Arch - usonta umunwe wakhe ethempelini, kodwa angakwazi ukushiya umngani wami - wayecabanga ngakho futhi kusobala ukuthi ngaphandle kukaSusanin wayengeke eze. Ngehle, ngokuzumayo udonga luvele kancane kancane lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - futhi ngizwe ezindlebeni zami ukuthi ngiyawa, kepha angiqondi ukuthi phezulu luphi, lapho kuphansi. Ukwesaba okukhulu yinto yokugcina ekhanye ekhanda lami - obunye ubumnyama ... Futhi ogwini intokazi enhle ifunda incwadi - okuwukuphela komuntu wayo emhlabeni omuhle kakhulu naye kufanele asukume. Uyaphupha evala amehlo ...
"Vula i-diver yamanzi." Umfundisi wethu, umfana onolwazi futhi onamandla kakhulu, uthembise ukukhokha u- $ 100 futhi asikhombise okuthile okungajwayelekile ngokuphelele - uhlobo oluthile luka-Arch odumile. Umkami wethukile futhi akahambanga, wangiphoxa, kepha nginqume ukuhamba - konke okunye, yini i- $ 100 - ugh, ngiyabonga uNkulunkulu, ibhizinisi lihamba kahle, ngisazongena nini? Sigqoka futhi sibhukuda size sifike maphakathi nomthombo - ofundisayo ukhombisa uphawu lokuntywila, ngicishe i-BCD bese ngiqala ukuwa. Kepha kuyini - udonga lwamakhandlela olwaziwayo alubonakali eduze kwalo futhi kuphi phansi? Ngihlikihla isilawuli emlonyeni wami bese ngiqala ukugcwala ngamafin, ngisheshe ngiyeke ukuqonda ukuthi ngiyantanta noma ngiyantshonza - inhliziyo yami ibonakala iphuma esifubeni sami manje .... Kuzoba lula kakhulu ukungithola - ngalo lolo suku umzimba wami uzophakanyiswa ususwe kumamitha ayi-90 ngochwepheshe abafike ngengozi bazothuka - unkosikazi uzokhokha kuphela izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamabhondi ...
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba ube yizimo ezintathu - kuwe uqobo, yikuphi okuthandwa nguwe? Ngale ndlela, uJames Paul Smith, inkosi yeBlue Hole, otshona nsuku zonke noRobert Palmer, umongameli we-TDI Europe, babenabahle kakhulu abahlukahlukene - abafana abanesizotha, kulungile?
Kuhle Hole Blue
Imbobo enkulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka -Ifulethi elikhulu le-karst le-Belize Barrier Reef olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean, eliseduze nolwandle lwesifundazwe esincane saseCentral America. Ukuntywiliselwa kuyo kuwuvivinyo olunzima, abavunyelwe kulo abanolwazi oluhlukahlukene kuphela. Ubuhle obuxakile bezindawo ezijulile zolwandle lwamatshe emihubhe agqunywe ngama-stalactites, imisele yokufa ebunjiwe eyenziwe ngamagagasi, imihlambi yabasakazi abango-nanny abakhethe indawo ezungeze iBig Blue Hole bayenza i-adventure ethokozisayo yokweqisa kweqiniso.
Umlando wokuma komhlaba weBig Blue Hole
I-Belize Barrier Reef ithatha cishe ingxenye yesithathu yeMesoamerican Barrier Reef engangekhilomitha - iyindawo yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngemuva kwe-Australia. Engxenyeni yayo esempumalanga, ama-atoll amathathu ahlanganiswe ngokujula okukhulu. Maphakathi kwesinye sazo, iLightouse Reef, kukhona iBig Blue Hole - indawo yayo emnyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlukanisa kahle ngokubabazekayo namanzi azungezile azungezile.
Ngesikhathi sokugcina seqhwa, amazinga olwandle ayephansi, kanti phansi nezindonga zekhonkco lwanamuhla bekuyingxenye yohlelo lwemigede yelize yangaphansi komhlaba. Ngemuva kokuba iqhwa liphelile, le ngxenye ye-atoll yangena ngaphansi kwamanzi, i-brittle limestone yaqothuka, futhi yahluleka, yakha ithala lokujula eli-124 kuya ku-125m.Le nto yokwakheka komhlaba ijwayelekile ogwini lwaseBelize, kepha iBig Blue Hole ihlukile ngobukhulu. Ngokusho kososayensi, inqubo yokuguguleka kwezindonga nangaphansi iyaqhubeka, futhi nokujula komqobelo kuzokhula kancane kancane.
Ukutholwa nokuhlolwa kweBig Blue Hole
Udume kakhulu umjovo omkhulu weKarst uJacques-Yves Cousteau, owenza ngo-1972 enza ucwaningo lapha. UmFrenchman odumile ukuqinisekisile ububanzi bawo - amamitha angama-318, futhi okokuqala ngqa ukwazile ukuqamba ukujula kweBig Blue Hole, ethatha izilinganiso zomkhumbi wakhe "iCalypso". Esimweni sikaKusto uqobo, i-karst funnel enemihume engaphansi kwamanzi ingenye yezindawo eziyishumi ezikhangayo kakhulu zokudonsa emhlabeni. Phansi, lapho abacwaningi bafinyelela ngaphansi kwemigwaqo engaphansi kwesihlalo esisodwa, ukutholakala kwama-stalactites kwakukhombisa ukuqondiswa kweparsar. UCousteau nabangane bakhe banqume ukuthi okungenani kube nezigaba ezine ekubhujisweni kwemihume - lokhu kungabonakala kusukela ezinxenxeni ezijulile ezingama-21, 49 no-91 m.
Efundwe yiqembu likaCousteau Depression ngo-1988, uNed Middleton wanikeza igama elikhulu encwadini yakhe iTen Ten Under Underwater. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wabhala umhlahlandlela wabadlali abanhlobonhlobo eBelize, ebhekisisa iBig Blue Hole njengokukhangana okuyimvelo kwemvelo kweBarrier Reef.
Ukushona
Abasubathi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba beza e-Belize bezodonsela amanzi ngomsele - leli yindawo ehamba phambili yezivakashi kuleli lizwe elincane. Bangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-130 abantu abantshontsha unyaka nonyaka, kepha akubona bonke abakulungele ukuzwa ubunzima bezizukulwane zeBig Blue Hole. Amarekhodi we-diver's track kumele okungenani abe nama-dives angama-24 we-ejensi yokuhamba yendawo ukumhlelela uhambo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthatha uhambo ngokwakho - ama-divers kumele ahambisane nabaqondisi abanolwazi abahlela isikhathi sokuhamba ngama-tide lapho kwakhiwa ama-whirlpools angakwazi ukuthola umuntu kuphela, kodwa futhi nomkhumbi omncane. Ngendlela ephansi ayingozi kangako: kukhipha umgodi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kukhipha udoti obewuthunjwe phambilini.
Umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi iBig Blue Hole
Ochwepheshe baxwayisa ukuthi kungcono kakhulu kubathandi bamanzi acwebile nemihlambi yezinhlanzi ezinemibala ebalekela emuva naphambili ukuze bakhethe ezinye izindawo zeLightouse Reef zokuthula. Izakhamizi eziphambili zeBig Blue Hole ngamaqembu amakhulu afinyelela ku-2.7 m ubude, oshaka be-nanny kanye no shaka basemanzini, ngokomqondo abakwazi ukulimaza umuntu, kepha ngaphandle kokumhlasela, ngenani elithile lenhlanhla ungathola nenhlanzi yesando. Lapho ushona, izakhamuzi zasolwandle ziyanyamalala, futhi ekujuleni kwemihume emnyama engaba ngu-45 m enama-stalactites abuthuntu kuqala.
Imininingwane yabavakashi
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ogwini lwaseBelize lihlale limi kahle unyaka wonke: ehlobo lizungeza u-+26 ° C, ebusika - ama-degree ambalwa aphansi. KwiBig Blue Hole, kusobala, izinkomba zehlukile - ngokusho kobunzulu, zidinga i-diver ngemishini efanelekile kanye nezingubo zezemidlalo. Izindleko zokudonsa ngokuya ngesakhiwo seqembu kanye nezokuthutha eziqashiwe. Ngokwesilinganiso, kubiza u- $ 250. Labo abangajwayeli ukugoba abangajabulela imbobo emoyeni ngokuqasha indiza enenjini ekhanyayo cishe ngama- $ 600 umuntu ngamunye. Konke ukuvakasha ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora.
Ukuhlala kuphi
I-Ambergris Cay yisiqhingi esinamabhishi nesixhaphozi semangrove enkabeni. Iningi labaphambukeli lihlala emahhotela alo, ngakho-ke konke kudalelwe bona kube lula kubo: Izinhlangano zokuhamba ezikhethekile ohambweni oluya ezigodini nasezitolo ezinemishini ekhethekile zitholakala kuzo zonke izinyathelo. Akukho okuzijabulisa okukhethekile kulesi siqhingi, kuphela amabhishi amahle kakhulu, amahhotela nezindawo zokudlela eziphezulu. Okuthandwa kakhulu yizivakashi yi-Ocean Tide Beach Resort enokubukwa kwezigxobo, okubiza cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha ngobusuku ngabunye, kanti ihhotela elingabizi kakhulu laseCorona del Mar libiza ama-ruble ayi-1000. eshibhile. Ukuqasha i-villa kubiza okungenani ama-ruble angama-30,000 ngosuku. Amahostela ashibhile aqala ngo-2000 rub. ubusuku ngabunye basondele enkabeni yeSan Pedro, ngaphandle kwesiqhingi sase-Ambergris Cay.
Ungafika kanjani lapho
Abavakashi bakwamanye amazwe bavame ukufika kuleli lizwe ngesikhumulo sezindiza saseBelize, esithola njalo izindiza ezivela eCanada, e-United States nakwamanye amazwe ase-Central America. Ukusuka lapho, izivakashi ziya edolobheni laseSan Pedro, elihamba ngesigamu sehora ukuya enyakatho ngesikebhe. Isikebhe sibiza cishe ama- $ 40. Ukusuka lapha, ukusuka esiqhingini sase-Ambergris Cay, abaphambukeli bayiswa eBig Blue Hole ngezikebhe noma ngezikebhe zezikebhe. ISan Pedro inesikhumulo sezindiza sayo, kepha yamukela izindiza zasendaweni namashadi avela eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika naseNtshonalanga Yurophu.
Kwenze kanjani
Umgodi omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukwakheka kwemvelo yemvelo. Kwake kwenzeka isikhashana, eminyakeni yeqhwa, izinga lolwandle emhlabeni lalingaphansi kakhulu. Futhi kulapha lapho kwakukhona khona uhlelo lwemigede ye-limestone, eyanyamalala kancane kancane ngaphansi kwamanzi lapho kuqhuma iqhwa. Ngaphansi kwethonya lamanzi, i-arch yomhume yawa futhi kwaqalwa i-funnel - esinakho namuhla.
IBig Blue Hole eBelize
Njengezehlakalo zemvelo eziyingqayizivele, iBig Blue Hole inehlobo “lwangaphandle” lomsuka wayo. Abanye bendawo babekholelwa ukuthi lo msele wawungumsebenzi wempucuko yangaphandle eyakha umkhumbi othakazelisa kangaka wokugcina okuthile okuyigugu. Akwaziwa kuphela ukuthi yini abebezogcina kuyo - namanje azikho izimpendulo zalo mbuzo. Le nguqulo ivele ngenxa yezindonga eziseceleni zeBlue Hole, abantu behluleka ukukholelwa ukuthi imvelo iyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo ophelele.
IBig Blue Hole eBelize
IBig Blue Hole yaziwa kabanzi ngeminyaka yo-1970 sibonga kumhloli wamazwe odumile uJacques-Yves Cousteau. Ngemuva kokufunda izindonga zayo nangaphansi, ukulinganisa ukujula, wasungula imvelaphi yayo yemvelo. Phansi kweBig Hole, kutholakala ama-stalactites amakhulu nama-stalagmites, amanye awo awakhuli ngokuqondile, kepha ngakwenye indlela, okukhombisa ukusuka nokuthambekela kwephahla. Futhi ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngaphansi kwamanzi, ukutholakala kwama-karst limestone kwatholakala ephakeme. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi iBig Hole ayizange ibumbe ngokushesha, amanzi olwandle agcwala emihumeni kancane kancane.
Ukuntywiliselwa emanzini
IBlue Hole yindawo ekahle yokudonsa futhi iphakathi kwezindawo eziyishumi ezinhle kakhulu zokumba. Behla bangene emseleni, abahlwaya abanolwazi bangayibona ngamehlo abo imigede egcwele amanzi.
IBig Blue Hole eBelize
Ngasikhathi sinye, akukhuthazwa ukuthi ungene ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-30, ngoba kule labyrinths eboshiwe kulula kakhulu ukulahleka. Le ndawo ibizwa nangokuthi “izindawo zamathuna", Kusukela kutholakale amathambo amathathu lapha, kungenzeka ukuthi abaphumeleli be-scuba abahlukahlukene abangaphumelelanga abalahlekile emihumeni ebunjiwe. Lokhu kungenziwa kusize ngesamba elikhulu le-silt elingezansi, okuthi, lapho idayidi lihamba, likhuphuke futhi lenze amanzi abe ngamafu. Futhi umoya-mpilo osemisindweni ulinganiselwe, kungenzeka ukuthi kungabi nje ngokwanele ukuthola indawo efanele emanzini anodaka futhi ube nesikhathi sokukhuphukela phezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukungena ngaphansi ekujuleni okukhulu ngaphandle komfundisi onolwazi kanye nemishini ekhethekile kuyabulala.
IBig Blue Hole eBelize
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ubone izinyoni ezimangalisayo, ukutshuza ungene ekujuleni okukhulu akudingekile. Ekujuleni okukhulu komoya-mpilo, kune-oksijini encane kakhulu futhi akukho zidalwa eziphilayo ezitholakalayo lapho, bonke ubuhle busephezulu. E-Blue Hole, kutholakala izinhlanzi ezinemibala emangalisayo, imfoloko, amakhorali kanye nezimfudu zolwandle.
IBig Blue Hole eBelize