IMasai Mara Nature Reserve itholakala eningizimu ntshonalanga yeKenya. Ngokubambisana neSerengeti National Park eTanzania, iMasai Mara yakha enye yezemvelo enkulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika. Ngaphezu kokuvikela izinhlobo zezilwane zasendaweni, inhloso esemqoka yesigcini ukuvikela ingxenye yomzila Wokuhamba Okukhulu Kwezilwane.

Iningi lokugcina lakhiwe ngamathafa anamagquma anotshani obufishane obugawulwa imifula iMara neTalek. Indawo ebekelwe ukuhlukaniswa isimo ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: unxantathu weMara, phakathi kwethafa lomfula i-Oloololo nomfula iMara, isigaba seMusar phakathi kwemifula iM Mara neTalek, kanye nomkhakha weSekenani eningizimu-mpumalanga.

Ngaphandle kweMasai Mara National Reserve, kanye nemingcele yayo esenyakatho neyasempumalanga, kunezindawo zemvelo ezizimele. ISafari endaweni yokubhuka yangasese itholakala kuphela kubavakashi bayo. Inikeza ukuhamba okungafani neMasai esihlahleni nasebusuku uhambo, okungenakwenzeka e-National Reserve.

Ukuma komhlaba

Le ndawo ingu-1510 km 2. Itholakala ku-East African Rift System, isuka kuLwandle Olubomvu iye eNingizimu Afrika. Amathafa omhlaba iMasai Mara iyi-savannah enotshani enama-acacia groves engxenyeni eseningizimu mpumalanga. Umngcele osentshonalanga wesigcino wenzelwa omunye wemithambeka yesigodi esivulekile, futhi kulapho izilwane eziningi zihlala khona, ngoba i-marshland iqinisekisa ukufinyelela kwamanzi. Umngcele osempumalanga ungamakhilomitha angama-220 ukusuka eNairobi, esivakashelwa kakhulu yizivakashi.

Fauna

IMasai Mara idume kakhulu ngamabhubesi ayo, ahlala lapha ngamanani amakhulu. Lapha kuhlala ukuziqhenya okwaziwa kakhulu ngamabhubesi, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuziqhenya kwexhaphozi. Ukukuqashelwa, ngokwemininingwane engekho emthethweni, kwenziwe kusukela ukuphela kweminyaka yama-1980s. Eminyakeni yokuqala yama-2000s, kwaqoshwa irekhodi lesibalo sabantu abathile ngokuziqhenya okukodwa - amabhubesi angama-29.

Izingulule zisongelwa ngokuqothuka endaweni yokubhuka, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesizathu sokucasulwa yizivakashi eziphazamisa ukuzingela kwazo kwasemini [ umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku ezingama-1032 ] .

IMasai Mara inezingwe ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Zonke ezinye izilwane zeBig Five nazo zihlala endaweni egciniwe. Inani lobhejane abamnyama lisengozini yokuqothulwa; ngonyaka ka-2000, kuqoshwa abantu abangama-37 kuphela. AmaHippos ahlala emaqenjini amakhulu emfuleni iMara naseTalek.

Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezilwane zasendaweni yizinto ezihlanza ukhula. Unyaka nonyaka, cishe ngoJulayi, lezi zilwane zithutha imihlambi emikhulu ziye enyakatho zivela emathafeni eSerengeti ziyofuna utshani obusha, kuthi ngo-Okthoba zibuyele eningizimu. Ezinye izinyamazane nazo zihlala eMasai Mara: ibala likaThompson, ibele likaGrant, i-impala, ixhaphozi, njll. Ama-Zebras kanye neendlulamthi nazo zihlala. IMasai Mara yisikhungo esikhulu sokucwaninga nge-hyena. Isigcino siqophe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-450 zezinyoni.

IMasai Mara National Reserve

Emsakazweni womhlahlandlela ungezwa ukushayeka kanye nomlayezo ongaziwa wokuthi umuntu othile wabona amabhubesi kwenye indawo, umzuzwana - kanti i-jeep isivele iwile efwini lothuli. IMasai Mara National Reserve olunye usuku olushisayo. Lapho usondela ekuziqasheni kwamabhubesi, ujabule ngemisebe yelanga elishayo, uqala ukuqonda ukuthi kungani leli paki elinenqwaba yezilwane zasendle, amathafa angapheliyo nezindawo ezinotshani bakhethwa njengendawo lefilimu "Evela e-Afrika".

Ulwazi oluvamile

Masai Mara - Indawo ebanjelwa eningizimu ntshonalanga yeKenya eduze komngcele weTanzania futhi itholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-275 ukusuka eNairobi. Eyaziwa ngezinhlobonhlobo nobungako bezilwane zasendle ezingandile okulula ukubukwa kuzo. Lesi siqiwi siqanjwe ngesizwe samaMasai, abantu bendabuko bakulesi sifunda, kanye noMfula uMara, abelana ngawo. Kuvulwe ngo-1974, iMasai Mara ihlanganisa indawo enamamitha skwele ayi-1,510. km wamathafa namahlathi futhi acebile e-Afrika.

IMara yigama lomfula omkhulu walezi zindawo, kanti iMasai yigama labantu abadume kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye abantu abangaziwa kakhulu base-East Africa. Kukholakala ukuthi laba bantu abade beshintsha nezimo bake bahlala eNayile engenhla futhi babehlobene nabakwaNubi. Kwake kwenzeka isikhashana, amaMasai, uKaren Blixen awabiza ngokuthi “abahambi abakhulu,” ashiya amakhaya awo azulazula isikhathi eside aze azinza emathafeni aseNingizimu Kenya. Ukubhuka kwamanje kungukubhuka kwangaphambilini okwenzelwe amaMasai ngesikhathi sokubusa kweBritish. Ukuchichima kwezivakashi akusivimbeli lesi sizwe ukuthi siqhubeke nokwenza umsebenzi wokufuya izinkomo, kuyilapho kungabavikeli abantu ongabazi nhlobo. Isivakashi ngasinye esizobhuka kumele sinikezwe uhambo lokuya emaphandleni aseMasai ngezingoma nomdanso.

IMasai Mara yikhaya lokuzalwa lezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane, idume ngokuthi ukuphela kwendawo lapho ungabona khona i- "Big Five" ekuseni eyodwa. Ukusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba, ungakufakazela ukuthutha okumangalisayo konyaka ngamunye kwezilwane zasendle ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1,3, amadube, namabhele eSerengeti, kulandelwa amabhubesi, izingwe, izingulule, kanye nezinsumpa, ngenkathi izindunduma zanda phezulu ku-carrion hover phezulu esibhakabhakeni.

IMasai Mara Plain yomile ngokuphelele phakathi nesikhathi esishisayo. Ngakho-ke, izilwane zihlala zifuduka, zishiya ekwindla kweSerengeti yaseTanzania futhi zibuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo elisha.

Ama-Balloon ascents ayindlela eyintandokazi yokubuka ubuhle bemvelo yasendle nezilwane zasendle, ikakhulukazi ekuphumeni kwelanga. Zama ukuthi kuzizwa kanjani ukudlulela entanjeni engapheli yezilwane. Ngeke ukhohlwe okuhlangenwe nakho okunjalo maduze! Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungagubha lokho okubonile ngengilazi ye-champagne. Imizana yendabuko yamaMaasai, iManatta, ehlanganisa izindlu ezigcwele udaka ezigcwele udaka, zitholakala enyakatho yale paki. Ungahamba uzungeze idolobhana, uthathe izithombe, ukhulume nabantu bendawo abanobungane.

Abahambi, izinketho zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene zingenzeka - ukusuka ezindlini zamatshe kuya ezindlini zikanokusho noma eziteshini ezizimele zamaqembu amancane afisa ukujabulela uhambo lwendabuko.

Ukusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba, umuntu angabona ukuthutha kwaminyaka yonke kwezilwane zasendle ezihamba lapha zivela eSerengeti.

UKaren Blixen, ngawo-1920s owayehlala kude kangako nemingcele yendawo yanamuhla yezilwane zasendle, wabheka impahla yamaMasai "njengendawo yokuhlala nokuthula." Manje iMasai Mara ibukeka ihlukile: phakathi nendawo, lesi siyindawo evakashelwa kakhulu eKenya. Iningi lezivakashi lilethwa lapho ngabezokuvakasha, ngoba anele eNairobi - wonke amahhotela agcwele ukukhangisa (Izinsuku ezingama-2-3, ama-avg. $ 400).

Idolobhana eliseduze libizwa ngeNarok (INarok, amakhilomitha angama-69 ukusuka emngceleni weMasai Mara) -izokwehla njengesisekelo uma ungafuni ukuthenga i-tour futhi ungenawo owakho ukuthutha. Ungaya eNarok usuka eNairobi ngeMatata noma ngebhasi usuka emhlanganweni we-Accra Road (I-Accra Rd.) nomgwaqo womfula (UMfula uRd.) - le ndawo yaziwa ngeTi Rum (Igumbi leTiye, incwadi. "Tea"), Izimoto ziqala ukuhamba kusukela ngabo-7 ekuseni. (Amahora ama-3 asendleleni eya eNarok, cishe i-400 pp.) bese uhamba umgwaqo omkhulu we-C12. Kukhona izinkampani eziningana eNarok ezishayela amabhasi ejwayelekile. (kusuka ngaphambi kuka 13.00, 300 sh.) phakathi komuzi namasango aseduze ezindawo zokuhlala - iTalek (Talek) kanye neshumi (Sekenani). Lezi zokugcina zibhekwa njengezihamba phambili: kukhona indlunkulu yensimu. Isitolo semvelo esivakasheleke kakhulu saseKenya asivikelekile yi-KWS - iziphathimandla zasekhaya zinesibopho sazo, kepha imali yokungena iphezulu (abantu abadala / izingane $ 80/40 ngosuku.).

EMasai Mara ungandiza ngendiza: kunezindiza zezindiza eziyi-8 esitofini, eseduzane esangweni elikhulu yiKakorok airfield (I-Keekorok air Strip)lapho kusuka eNairobi Safarilink izimpukane (cishe ama- $ 170).

EMasai Mara ahamba kuphela ngemoto - kukholakala ukuthi uma kungenjalo uzodliwa, ubhekwe noma unyathelwe. Ukuhamba kuphela endaweni yamahhotela namakamu, cishe angama-30. Amakhilomitha angama-50 asevele asemngceleni wesitoreji, ikhwalithi yemigwaqo iwohloka kakhulu, ngakho-ke indlela esuka eNarok iya ekhemeleni futhi nje esangweni lepaki ingathatha okuningi ukusuka eNairobi kuye eNarok. Izimoto zinconyelwe nge-wheel-wheel drive noma okungenani ukuthola imvume ephakeme. Ungaqasha imoto nomshayeli eNairobi noma esiteshini sebhasi eNarok (hhayi ngaphansi kwama-200 $ / d.). Amakamu amaningi namahhotela ahlela uhambo oluncane ezungeze indawo yokubhuka. (cishe. 40 $ / 1 umuntu / amahora angu-2, usuku olugcwele $ 50-60 / umuntu, kumuntu ongu-1 cishe u- $ 150). Ukwenqatshelwa kokuhamba akusebenzi endaweni encane evikelwe eNaboysho (I-Naboisho Conservancy)eduze neMasai Mara kusuka enyakatho-mpumalanga. Kukhona futhi amakamu ahlela ukuhamba ngezinyawo ahambisana nemihlahlandlela yamaMasai. (izilwane ezungeze ziyafana). Kunezindawo eziningi ezifanayo zemigwaqo emngceleni weMasai Mara: zakhiwa ngesivumelwano phakathi kukahulumeni nemiphakathi yasendaweni, yona uqobo evikela futhi ibukisa ngemvelo. Ukuvakashela amadolobhana amaMasai kushiya imibono eminingi ebonakalayo, yize kuhambisana nesehlukaniso semali.

Plane

Kunemigwaqo eminingana yokugijima endaweni yaseMasai Mara Reserve. Imigwaqo emikhulu yesizini yonke iMara Serena, iKeekorok, i-Ol Kiombo neKichwa Tembo. Izindiza zindiza ukusuka eWilson Airport ziya eNairobi nakwamanye amapaki. Indiza ibuya eNairobi ithatha imizuzu engama-40-45.

Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvakasha

Isimo esivamile sendawo yemvelo yaseMasai Mara.

Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvakashela iMasai Mara kubhekwa njengesikhathi esisuka ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba, lapho ukuHamba Okukhulu Kwezilwane kudlula lapho kugcinwa khona. Izilwane zasendle ezingaphezu kwesigidi nesigamu, izinkulungwane zamadube namazinyoza lapha evela esifundeni saseTanzania ezofuna amadlelo amahle kakhulu. Ukuvakashela ipaki phakathi nalesi sikhathi kuyithuba elithokozisayo lokubona ukuwela izikebhe ngaphesheya kwemifula iMara neTalek. Izinkulungwane zezilwane ziphoqeleka ukuwela imifula, kanti izingwenya nezinye izinyamazane zizilinde emanzini.

Lesi siza asaziwa ngokuFuduka Okukhulu kuphela. Kuwo wonke unyaka, inani elikhulu lezilwane lihlala epaki, kufaka phakathi iBig African Five. Ukuvakashela ipaki ngoNovemba-Januwari kuyinto enhle impela. Izimvula ziyaqabukela, futhi azikho izivakashi eziningi njengasesikhathini sethage.

Izilwane eMasai Mara

Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-95 zezilwane ezincelisayo, ama-amphibians, ezihuquzelayo nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-400 zezinyoni ezigcinwe kule ndawo. Kunethuba lokubona iBig Five (indlovu, obhejane, ibhubesi, inyathi emnyama, ingwe) epaki eyodwa. Kunemvubu eminingi nezingwenya eMfuleni iMara. Uzohlangana neziziba, imfene, ama-warthogs, amaxhaphozi, ama-Thompson kanye nama-gazelles aseGrant, izimbuzi zasemanzini, i-Wildebeests kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.

IMasai Mara idume ngokuba nezitha zayo. Ngesikhathi sohambo, kulula ukuthola amabhubesi. Ezitokisini nasezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, kunabantu abangaba ngu-400. Imvamisa ungabona izingwe kanye namabhungane. Izimpungushe ezihlakazekile, izimpungushe, izimpungushe ezinkulu nezinsizwa nazo zihlala lapha.

Njengamanje, lesi sifunda sinezindlovu ezingaba ngu-1,500. Obhejane, ngokungafani nezindlovu, bambalwa kakhulu kule ndawo, futhi akulula ukubabona. Kukholakala ukuthi kubulawa obhejane abangama-25 kuye kwangama-30 kuphela epaki. Ngokuyisisekelo, bacasha emathangeni aminyene eduze kwezingxenye ezikude zemifula.

Ngesikhathi sokufuduka (ukusuka ngoJulayi kuya ku-Novemba), kufinyelela esigidini esisodwa nesigamu sezilwane zasendle.

Izithombe Masai Mara

Ngashayela i-antelope, ngadla ngaphumula.

Izinyoni zilindile, kepha zesabe ukundiza. Unkulukazi kumele ahambe.

Ingulule. Umshini oseduze wenza ifilimu weNational Geographic.

Indawo

IMasai Mara Park ifinyelela eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeKenya. Indawo yokubhukelwa ingamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1510. Yindawo esenyakatho yeSerengeti National Park yaseTanzania.

Ngokuma ngokwezindawo, iMasai Mara Reserve itholakala ngokuphelele endaweni yeGreat African Fault, imingcele yayo isuka eJordani (esifundeni soLwandle Olufile) iye eningizimu ne-Afrika (Mozambique). Indawo yepaki imelelwa kakhulu ama-savannas anamaqembu angavamile ama-acacias engxenyeni eseningizimu mpumalanga. Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zihlala ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga, ngoba lezi yizindawo ezinamanzi futhi kukhona ukungena kwamanzi okungagugi. Futhi inani lezivakashi lapha lincane ngenxa yesiphambano esinzima. Indawo esempumalanga kakhulu yalesi sigodi itholakala amakhilomitha angama-224 ukusuka eNairobi. Le ndawo yindawo oyithandayo yezivakashi.

Izici

Lesi siqiwi siqanjwe ngesizwe samaMasai, abameli baso bengabomdabu bakulesi sifunda, futhi sihlonipha uMfula uMary, othwala amanzi awo esiqiwini. IMasai Mara National Park idume ngenani elikhulu lezilwane ezihlala kulo, kanye nokufuduka kwasolwandle okwenzeka minyaka yonke (Septhemba-Okthoba), okuyisimanga esimangazayo. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1,3 zasendle ezihamba ngasolwandle zihamba sizungeza indawo ebekiwe.

Isikhathi esifudumele sonyaka kulezi zindawo nguDisemba-Januwari, bese kubanda kakhulu ngoJuni-Julayi. Esiqiwini, izivakashi azinalo uhambo ebusuku. Lo mthetho wadalwa ukuze kungabikho muntu okhathaza izilwane ukuzingela.

IMasai Mara akuyona indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yaseKenya, kodwa yaziwa emhlabeni wonke.

Fauna

Ngokwezinga elikhulu, ipaki idume ngamabhubesi ahlala kuwo ngamanani amakhulu. Lapha kuhlala khona ukuziqhenya (iqembu lomndeni) lamabhubesi, abizwa ngeSwamp. Ukuqashelwa kwenziwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngeminyaka yama-2000 kwabhaliswa isibalo sabantu abathile emndenini owodwa - amabhubesi namabhubesi angama-29 weminyaka ehlukene.

Ungahlangana eMasai Mara National Park kanye nezingulule ezisengozini. Ithonya lezinto ezinjengokucasulwa kwezilwane, izivakashi zivame ukuphazamisa ukuzingela kwasemini kwezilwane ezizingelayo.

ILeopards ihlala nalapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuningi zazo eMasai Mara. Okuningi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezivikelwe zobukhulu obufanayo kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Obhejane bahlala epaki. I-Wildebeest - izilwane eziningi kakhulu zepaki (abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi). Minyaka yonke, phakathi kwehlobo, bayathutha beyofuna imifino emisha esuka ethafeni iSerengeti iye enyakatho, kwathi ngo-Okthoba babuyela eningizimu. Ungahlangana lapha imihlambi yeziziba, izindlulamithi zezinhlobo ezimbili (enye yazo ayitholakali kwenye indawo).

IMasai Mara yisikhungo sokucwaninga ngobukhulu sempilo yama-hyena.

Izinyoni

Izinyoni eziningi zindiza eMasai Mara National Park. Lapha ungabona amabala, izinkozi ezanyakazayo, izingwamza zamarabi, izinyoni ezidla imvelo zaseGuinea, izintshe zaseSomaliya, imijikelezo yomqhele, ama-pygmy falcons, njll.

Lesi siqiwi siyizinhlobo ezingamashumi amahlanu nantathu zezinyoni ezidla inyama.

Izinkinga zemvelo

Le ndawo igcinwa nguhulumeni wezwe. Esiqiwini sezwe laseKenya, iMasai Mara inamayunithi amaningi omsebenzi wawo ukulwa nokuzingela. Zisuka kude nezindawo ezivame ukuvakasha izivakashi. Izindawo ezikude zibuye zisizwe ngamaMasai.

Inkambu yesigcino yindawo ekhethekile lapho ukufa nokuphila zikukulinganisela kwemvelo okusungulwe imvelo uqobo.