Uhlobo lwamabhere uvele eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-5-6 edlule. Ibhere le-Ursus minimus, isilwane esincane esigcine izidumbu zazo zitholakala eFrance, njengamanje sithathwa njengommeleli waso wokuqala.
Igama ibhere i-pan-Slavic, kusho "ukudla uju." Ibhere ingesinye salabo bantu abanenhlanhla umuntu afunda kubo isesiswini. Kubukeka sengathi asikho isilo esisodwa lapho izindaba eziningi kangaka zenziwe.
Igama "thwala" uvele eNgilandi yasendulo, kusho ukuthi "brown brown"
Ngabe kudlani amabhere?
I-Omnivore nokukhuthazela kuyizimfanelo eziphambili ezisiza isilo ukuba siphile ezimweni ezinzima. Ekudleni kwebhere nsundu, ama-75% ukudla kwezitshalo. IClubfoot ingondla ngezilimo eziyizigaxa, amantongomane, amajikijolo, iziqu zotshani, izimpande nama-acorn. Uma lokhu kungenele, ibhere lingaya ezitshalweni zama-oats noma ummbila, ukondla emahlathini emisedari.
Inkolelo yebhere kwakukhona phakathi kwamaSlav namaJalimane, phakathi kwabantu bomdabu base-Urals basenyakatho, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. UMansi, uKets kanye namaNivkhs babenombono obanzi webhere njengokhokho wabantu, ngakho-ke lesi silwane sahlonishwa kakhulu.
Unganquma kanjani izinhloso zamabhere
Indlela esheshayo yokuthola izinhloso zamabhere iwukuqaphela izinwele ku-nape. Kuzo zonke izilwane zasendle, amabhere asondele kakhulu kubantu emiqondweni yabo.
Indlela yokuphila. Isimilo.
Ibhele elinsundu liyisilwane esingazinzile. Endaweni eyodwa iyadla, kwenye ilale, futhi uma ikhula ingasuka endaweni yayo evamile yamakhilomitha ambalwa. Ibhele elincane lizulazula lize liqale umndeni.
Inkosi ensundu imaka izimpahla zayo. Uyena kuphela ongazingela lapha. Imaka imingcele ngendlela ekhethekile, idwengula amagxolo ezihlahleni. Ezindaweni ezingenawo amasimu, ibhere lingabhoboza izinto ezisensimini yalo yombono - amatshe, imithambeka.
Imvamisa ibhere iyisilwane esithembe amandla aso. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyigwala. Kungazelelwe, umvundla uzophuma ungaphansi kwezinyawo zakhe, futhi lowo ohamba ngesikhuxulu uyoziphonsa kuye, ethuke esethukile, ekhubeka ezihlahleni.
Singakhumbula izibonelo lapho amabhere ekhombisa ubugwala obunamahloni futhi aze afe ngenxa yokwesaba. Kepha ngesimo esihlukile, amabhele afanayo anesibindi futhi anesibindi ngobuhlanya. Ukuze umake ezithendeni zenyathi futhi uthathe inyamazane kuye, umuntu kufanele abe nesibindi kakhulu. Igwala, noma ngabe liqine kangakanani, alisoze lalwa nesidlakela esinamandla nesixaka njengehlosi le-Ussuri, futhi ibhere ngaso sonke isikhathi alibi eliphansi kuye.
Amawundlu enzani ebuntwaneni
Impilo yebhere e-brown ehlala eRussia iqala emgodini lapho amawundlu asanda kuzalwa (izimpumputhe, amachashazi futhi engenazinwele, anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-500) aphuza amanoni obisi lukanina. Lapho sezinezinyanga ezine, amabhere asendle angavele alandele umama wakhe aye ehlathini eyofuna ukudla. Ibhere likamama, ngalesi sikhathi, libondla ngobisi futhi lifundisa indlela yokuziphatha efanelekile yenhlalo. Amabhere asebenzisa cishe isigamu amahora awo okuvuka emidlalweni. Ngakho-ke, bafunda ngomhlaba owazungezile futhi bahlakulela amakhono abalulekile adingekayo, ngokwesibonelo, ekuzingeleni. Isikhathi sonke abasisebenzisile bafuna ukudla nokulala.
Lokho okwenziwa yibhere
Ibhere elibukeka lingenantambo, linombala onsundu ligijimisa kakhulu - ngesivinini esingaphezulu kuka-55 km / h, libhukuda ngokubabazekayo (libhukuda lifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-6-7.) Futhi likhwela izihlahla kahle ebusheni (liyenza ibe madolonzima ukuguga). Ngesiteleka esisodwa nje, ibhele elinokuhlungwa liyakwazi ukuphulula umhlane wenkunzi noma inyathi.
Uwina ikakhulukazi amabanga emashi. Uphuthuma ngemuva kwengulube yasendle, njengoba eqhuma, kanti umkhondo ubambe umkhuhlane. Futhi ama-clumsy uyazi ngokwakho ukuthi iyasebenza, ihlwitha amathrekhi. Futhi ngisho nangemva kwamakhilomitha angamashumi amabili, kodwa namanje ubambe ngeshwa. Nanguya!
I-How Bears Raising Cub
Iminyaka emithathu amawundlu ahlala eduze kukanina, ayawanakekela. Amawundlu amadala asiza ukunakekela abancane. Imvamisa ibhere lizala kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Amawundlu amadala (iningi labodade) ajwayele ukunakekela abasebasha. Ekugcineni, amawundlu ahlukaniswa ngumama ngeminyaka engu-3-4 yokuphila. Amabhere afinyelela ekukhulelweni kweminyaka engama-4-6, kepha aqhubeke nokukhula aze afike eminyakeni eyi-10-11. Isikhathi sokuphila ngokwemvelo yiminyaka engama-20-30, ekudingisweni - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-47-50.
Zonke izinhlobo zamabhere zihlakaniphe ngendlela emangalisayo. Lezi zilwane zinelukuluku kakhulu, zihlala zizama ukuhlola izinto ezintsha nezingajwayelekile, zinenkumbulo enhle kakhulu. Isibonelo, abazingeli abaningi kanye nababukeli baphikisana nokuthi kuphonsa amatshe futhi kuzinamathele ezigibeni ukuze kubuyiswe kubo futhi kutholakale isiheho, kuvame ukudida amathrekhi, kuhamba emuva emuva ngaphambili nasemibuthanweni. Amabhere ansundu akhumbula yonke into endaweni yakini ekhazimula ngamajikijolo, izithelo namakhowe, futhi ayazi lapho zivuthwa.
Ukubuyisela amandla ngemuva kokulala isikhathi eside, amabhere ansundu akulungele ukuvuthwa. Umjaho uqala entwasahlobo, ngoMeyi, futhi uqhubeka cishe inyanga. Izinsikazi zazisa ngokulungela kwazo ukukhula mat ngemfihlo ekhethekile, enephunga elinamandla. Ngokwalawa amamaki, abesilisa bathola abakhethiweyo babo futhi bavikele izimbangi zabo.
Kwesinye isikhathi kowesifazane phakathi kwamabhere amabili kunezimpi ezesabekayo lapho kunqunywa khona isiphetho, futhi kwesinye isikhathi impilo yenye yazo. Uma kwenzeka kushona enye yabesilisa, ophumelele angayidla. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, amabhere ayingozi kakhulu. Zikhipha ubumnandi basendle futhi zingamhlasela umuntu.
Ngaphambi kokucwaswa, ibhere kufanele ithole inani ledatha lamafutha. Uma kuvela ukuthi akwanele, isilwane kufanele sizulazule ngokwengeziwe siyofuna ukudla. Kulokhu kwavela igama - induku yokuxhuma. Ukuhamba ngenkathi ebandayo, ibhere ngeke ifelwe yiqhwa, indlala noma izibhamu zomzingeli. Kodwa-ke, ebusika ungahlangana hhayi nje kuphela nenduku yokuxhuma. Imvamisa, ukulala kwebhele kungavele kuphazanyiswe ngabantu. Lapho-ke lesi silo esiyimpumputhe siphoqelelwa ukuba sifune isiphephelo esisha ukuze siphinde singene hibernation.
Ibhere likhetha lokhu kuphephela ubusika ngokunakekelwa okuthile. Izindawo ezikhethiwe ezinokuthula ezitholakala emingceleni yemishado, ezindaweni ezivunguza imimoya, osebeni lwemifula, emihumeni esekhethiwe zikhethelwa indawo yokulahla. Indawo yokuhlala kufanele yomile, ifudumele, ibanzi futhi iphephe. Ibhere lihlomisa udaka lwalo nge-moss, libeke okumbhede okuthambile kulo. Amagatsha ezihlahla akhoseliswa futhi agcinwe. Imvamisa imvamisa ithole lomshini wensimbi omuhle selisetshenziswe iminyaka eminingana. Impilo yamabhere ansundu ukuthola ukudla, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokucwaswa. Ngaphambi kokuwa ephusheni, isilo siyakudidanisa ngokuqinile ukulandela umkhondo: sidlula ezingxenyeni, umoya kanye nezinyathelo emuva.
Ubusika bonke, ibhere ilala ohlangothini lwayo, lubhekeke kalula. Okungaphansi kakhulu okuvame ukubonwa emuva noma kuhleli, ikhanda likhotheme. Ukuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo kwehlisa ijubane lapho hibernating. Ngokumangazayo, ngesikhathi sokulala kobusika, lesi silwane asideleli. Yonke imikhiqizo yokungcola emzimbeni webhele iyenziwa kabusha futhi iguqulwe ibe ngamaprotheni abalulekile adingeka ukuba abe khona. I-rectum imbozwe kukakhokho obukhulu, ohlanganisa izinaliti, utshani obucindezelwe kanye noboya. Iyasuswa ngemuva kokuthi isilwane siphume emgodini.
Abaningi bakholelwa ngokungazi ukuthi ngesikhathi hibernation, i-clubfoot ikhipha amavithamini abalulekile emilenzeni yabo. Kepha lokhu akunjalo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngoJanuwari kukhona ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba emaphashini ezinsimbi zebhere. Isikhumba esidala esomile siqhuma futhi simnikeze ukungakhululeki. Ukuze ngandlela-thile ilinganise lolu lunge
Kungani ibhele le-clubfoot
Lapho uhamba, izinyathelo zebhele ngasikhathi sinye kungaba ezinhlafunweni zesokunene noma ngakwesobunxele, ngakho-ke kusukela ohlangothini kubonakala sengathi zidonswa kusukela ngapha nangapha. Kepha lobu bunzima buyakhohlisa, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi kulula kakhulu ukuqina futhi kungahlangana nomuntu kalula. Njengoba ibhere linemilenze emhlane emuva kuneyangaphambili, ikhuphuka ngokushesha kakhulu njengoba ingehle ukusuka kuyo.
Amabhere ayizilwane ezithakazelisa kakhulu nezasekuqaleni, ungatadisha imikhuba yawo nendlela yawo yokuphila isikhathi eside, kepha ngakho konke lokhu, amaqiniso amangalisayo nalawo angatholakali ngempilo yalezi zilwane ezingafani nalokhu ayohlala.