I-Grouse inyoni ejwayelekile kusukela ebuntwaneni. Izaga eziningi, izinkulumo nezinganekwane zenziwa mayelana nalesi sihlahlana esinamahloni, esithandwa kakhulu yi "Fox and Grouse". Lapho uboniswa ehlakaniphile, enengqondo futhi evinjelwe, okuthi, ekugcineni, kumsindise kumacebo e-fox. Ngama-ornithologists afunda le nyoni nabazingeli kuphela abaziyo ngohlobo olufanayo lwe-grouse empeleni, phakathi kwabo i-grouse eye yathathwa njengomdlalo obalulekile amakhulu eminyaka futhi, ngokusekelwe imikhuba yale nyoni, bathuthukise izindlela eziningi ezihle zokuzingela leli hlathi elihle.
Ukubukeka
I-Grouse iyinyoni enkulu ngokulingana, usayizi wayo, kuya ngobulili, ingasukela ku-40 kuye ku-58 cm, nesisindo - ukusuka ku-0.7 kuya ku-1.4 kg, ngokulandelana. Ikhanda lakhe lincane, linomlomo omfushane. Umzimba mkhulu kunalokho, kepha awukhulu kakhulu, intamo yinde, inomugqa omnandi. Imilenze iqinile, ibukekile ngenxa yeminwe ebamboza phansi, ibukeka iminyene.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isici esibonakalayo se-grouse yizwi labo. Ngenkathi yokuzalelana, abesilisa benza imisindo efanayo ngasikhathi sinye nokugundana. Nezinsikazi zikhonkotha njengezinkukhu ezijwayelekile.
I-grouse emnyama inezinzwane ezine emlenzeni ngamunye, ezintathu ziqondiswe phambili, kuthi okwesine ziphikiswe. Izinzipho zinamandla impela. Amaphiko aqinile, embozwe izimpaphe ezinde, ngaphandle kwalokho inyoni engeke ikwenze ngesikhathi izindiza.
Ukuziphatha, indlela yokuphila
I-Grouse - izinyoni ezisebenzayo emphakathini, zincamela ukuhlala emihlambini emikhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphandle kwenkathi yamanje, futhi, emhlambini, kungaba nabantu abangafika kuma-200 ukuya kuma-200. Imvamisa, imihlambi ye-grouse emnyama ixutshwe, okuvamisile okuvame kakhulu yilezo lapho kukhona abesilisa kuphela, kepha imihlambi eyenziwe kuphela yabesifazane iyivelakancane. Lezi zinyoni zihola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, futhi ehlobo, lapho kushisa ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku, ziyasebenza ekuseni namahora okuhlwa engaphambi kokushona kwelanga.
Emini bancamela ukuhlala ezihlahleni, phakathi kweziqu zamagatsha: kukhona ibhasikidi elisegangeni elangeni bese belondolozwa ezilwaneni eziningi zomhlaba. Iningi lomshonisa omnyama lihlala phansi. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza amahora amaningi, ahamba isikhathi eside emhlabathini, angakwazi nokulala ubusuku lapho, esigxotsheni samathanga aminyene asezihlahleni noma esixhotsheni esihlakaleni. Noma, ikakhulukazi, izihlahla zithandwa njengokuhlala ubusuku obubodwa: kuthule futhi kuphephile lapho kunasemhlabeni.
Bakhuphuka izihlahla ngokuphelele, ukuze bakwazi ukubizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi izinyoni zomhlaba nezinkuni. Kubukeka kungakholeki, kepha ama-grouse amnyama akwazi ukuhlala ngokuzethemba ngisho nasemagatsheni athambile, angenakukwazi ukumelana nesisindo sawo. Lezi yizidalwa eziqaphile, ezikuzwa nokubona kahle, lapho izinsikazi ziziphatha ngokucophelela kunabesilisa futhi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi zingabokuqala ukukhipha ama-alamu, emva kwalokho wonke umhlambi ususwe bese undizela kwenye indawo ephephile.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-grouse, ngaphandle kosayizi wayo omkhulu, indiza ngokushesha kakhulu: ijubane layo lendiza ingaba ngu-100 km / h, futhi indiza ibaleke uma kwenzeka iba nobungozi ngamakhilomitha ambalwa.
Ebusika, lezi zinyoni zakha indawo yokukhosela ngaphansi kweqhwa, lapho zihlala khona eqandeni elinzima cishe usuku lonke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, esikhathini esiningi ngokuqala kokuhlwa, i-grouse emnyama iwela igatsha lesihlahla iye kwi-snowdrift ejulile kodwa okuxegayo futhi, iphonsa iqhwa, kanye nokuyihlikihla ngomzimba wayo, yenza umhubhe ongaphezulu kuka-50 cm kuwo.
Lesi yisiphephelo esiphephe ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi njengoba i-grouse emnyama, isemigonjeni yayo, izizwa kahle izinyathelo zomsunguli osondelayo futhi ikwazi kahle ukushiya izindawo zayo zokuhlala futhi indize ibaleke, uma kunesidingo, ngaphambi kokuba isondele ebangeni eliyingozi.
Ukuphela kwengqondo engathi sína okungabambezela igogo elimnyama emihubheni yalo ukufudumala kwesikhashana nokwakhiwa kokufakwa kweqhwa, okushaya izinyoni akuwona umsebenzi olula. Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, imihlambi iyaqhekeka, amaduna aqale ukubuthana emifudlaneni, lapho, ngokulindela izinsikazi, zihamba ngemisebe yelanga lokuqala lentwasahlobo.
Izici ezijwayelekile
I-Grouse (hhayi i-grouse emnyama) ingeyomndeni we-pheasant. Isisindo somuntu, ngokuya ngocansi, sisuka ku-700 g kuya ku-1.5 kg. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-45-60. I-grouse yowesifazane incane kakhulu kunommeleli wengxenye eqinile. Kunokunye futhi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kobulili.
Abesilisa babukeka begqamile. Amapayipi abo amnyama anensimbi eluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi. Emaphikweni nasiswini kukhona i-tint nsundu. Kuyo kukhona amabala abonakala kuwo, anjenge-mirror-like, kanye namamaki afanayo ezimpaphe zezimpukane.
Insikazi (i-grouse) imbozwe iplamu elibomvu enezindawo ezinamabala ansundu, ansundu namnyama. Kulula ukuyidida nge-capercaillie yowesifazane, noma kunjalo, inamamaki wesibuko emaphikweni, kanye nokufakwa okuncane endaweni yomsila.
Lapho kuhlala khona izinyoni endle
I-Grouse ingatholakala ku-Old World, kanye nasemazweni ase-Asia. Lezi zinyoni zihlala eScotland, eziqhingini zaseGreat Britain, iScandinavia Peninsula, e-Ussuri Territory, eChina, Germany, Netherlands naseBelgium.
Ngokuqondene nezindawo zokwakha izidleke, lezi zinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezinezimila eziphakeme kakhulu, izihlahlana, kanye nendawo eseduze yemithombo yamanzi amasha. Kepha kugawulwa ihlathi elimnyama le-grouse emnyama. Nakhona kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ezindaweni ezinjalo kugcwele izitha.
Izinyoni ziphila impilo yokuphila ngokungemthetho neyokuzinza. Abantu abangama-nomadic bahlala ezindaweni ezibandayo. Ngokubusika, i-grouse emnyama iqhubekela eningizimu. Izazi zesayensi yezemvelo kanye nezazi zemvelo ziveza ukuthambekela okungafuneki. Umsebenzi wokufuduka kwe-Grouse ngezikhathi ezithile uyanda eminyakeni ethile. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwenani labantu, eliba ligcwele endaweni eyodwa.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
I-dimorphism yezocansi ku-grouse emnyama kuthiwa: izintokazi aziwona mncane kakhulu kunabesilisa ngosayizi, kodwa futhi zihluke kakhulu kubo ngombala wezinqwaba zabo. I-plumage yowesilisa imnyama egqamile, enombala ocwazimulayo oluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi ekhanda, entanyeni, umphimbo kanye naphansi emuva. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo akhe kunamashiya anombala obomvu ojulile. Ngemuva kwesisu kunsundu, kunamathiphu akhanyisiwe ezimpaphe. I-underwear imhlophe, ehlukile. Ezimpaphe ezinde ezinombala onsundu kukhona nezindawo ezincane ezimhlophe ezibizwa ngokuthi “izibuko”. Izimpaphe zomsila obedlulele zigobile ezinhlangothini, okwenza ukwakheka komsila kufane ne-lyre. Umbala wazo umnyama kakhulu ngombala onsomi eziqongweni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umbala wezinyoni ezincane, kungakhathalekile ubulili bazo, ziyefana: owesilisa nowesifazane besencane banombala omibalabala, ohlanganisa ukushintshwa kwemibala emnyama, nsundu, ophuzi nokumhlophe namabala.
Owesifazane e-grouse emnyama upende kakhudlwana ngesizotha: ubomvu ngombala obomvana ngombala onsomi, ophuzi namnyama. Ubuye nezibuko emaphikweni amaphiko, nokho, kwisizinda esibomvu esikhanyayo, abukeka ehlukile kunawowesilisa. Emsileni wesikazi kukhona indiva encane, futhi njengasendodeni, ngaphansi kwaso kunemibala emhlophe.
Izintandokazi zokudla
Isabelo sengonyama sokudla kwe-grouse emnyama kungukudla komsuka wesitshalo. Izintandokazi ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobukhona bezitshalo ezithile zonyaka. Ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo i-alder, i-larch, utshani bekotini. Ekwindla, lokhu kudla kwehluka kakhulu, njengoba amajikijolo avela ngobuningi. Kwokuphatha okuthandwa kakhulu emikhosini: izithelo zama-blueberries, ama-lingonberry nama-blueberries. I-grouse egayiwe ikhetha okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu. Ebusika, izinyoni ziyaneliswa ngamagxolo athambile.
Kepha amachwane wona, bondliwa ikakhulukazi yizinambuzane. Njengoba sesivuthiwe, ukukhula okuncane kuyabadinga okuncane futhi kuya kumenyu yezidakamizwa.
Izinhlobo zeGrouse
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamagogo amnyama ahlala eYurophu ayaziwa: yi-grouse emnyama, ebizwa nangokuthi i-grouse yasensimini ne-Caucasian grouse. Ngasikhathi sinye, ososayensi bahlukanisa izingxenyana eziyisikhombisa noma eziyisishiyagalombili zomgogo omnyama ohlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zasendaweni yakhe. Ngaphandle, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ziyefana kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthi i-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasi incane: ubukhulu bayo abudluli ku-50-55 cm, futhi isisindo sayo singama-1,2 kg.
Umehluko kumbala weplamu nawo uyabonakala: e-Caucasian black grouse icwilile, icishe ibe mnyama, ingasaphathwa eye-tint yombala, futhi azikho “izibuko” emaphikweni. Umsila walezi zinhlobo uhluke kancane ngesimo: unombala obunjiwe, kepha ngasikhathi sinye futhi umfoloko. Izimpaphe zomsila emsileni zincane kunalokho, kodwa futhi zinde kakhulu kunalezo ezimnyama zomnyama. Izinsikazi ze-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasan zidwetshwe ngombala onsundu, omfusa, ohlotshiswe ngemisinga emnyama.
Lolu hlobo luhlala eCaucasus eRussia naseTurkey. Kutholakala naseAzerbaijan, Armenia naseGeorgia. Izindawo zakhe azithandayo izihlahlana ze-Rhododendron nama-rose okhalweni, futhi le nyoni ihlala emapulazini amancane, ambozwe nge-birch kanye nejuniper. I-Caucasian grouse emnyama idla izitshalo ezinotshani, amajikijolo, izinambuzane. Ebusika, ama-buds namakhukhi e-birch, imbewu namajikijolo kuyadliwa.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
I-grouse emnyama ihlala emahlathini, ama-steppes amahlathi kanye nezitebhisi zase-Eurasia, kusukela e-Alps nase-Britland Isles emngceleni osentshonalanga wobubanzi bayo futhi iphela nge-Ussuri Territory nePeninsula yaseKorea empumalanga.
Ngasikhathi sinye, imingcele yobubanzi inemibandela, ngoba incike kakhulu enanini lezinyoni kanye noshintsho lwesiko ekubonakaleni komhlaba. Futhi kwezinye izifunda lapho i-grouse emnyama yayivame ukwedlula zonke, manje sezinyamalele ngokuphelele ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, ngokwesibonelo, okwenzeka e-Eastern Sudetenland.
E-Russia, le nyoni ihlala kusuka esifundeni saseKola kanye nesifunda sase-Arkhangelsk enyakatho kuya esifundeni saseKursk, eVoronezh, esifundeni iVolgograd nasezintabeni ze-Altai eningizimu. Abatshana bakhetha ukuhlala emapulangweni, amakhophi amancane nasehlathini elivulekile, lapho kukhona amajikijolo amaningi. Kuyenzeka nasezigodini zemifula, emngceleni wamachibi, ezezikhukhula noma ezindaweni zokulima. Emahlathini aminyene, azama ukungaxazululi, kepha angathandana ngokuwa okukhulu noma indawo lapho kwenzeka umlilo wehlathi kanye nezihlahla zingakakhuli.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lezi zinyoni zithanda ukuhlala emahlathini ama-birch futhi azithanda kuzo zonke ezinye izindawo zomhlaba. Kepha eNtshonalanga Yurophu, i-grouse emnyama kade yakhethwa isikhathi eside ngama-moorlands njengezindawo zokuhlala, nase-Ukraine naseKazakhstan - ama-shrubbery aminyene.
Ukudla kwegogo
I-Grouse - inyoni emnandi kakhulu, okungenani abantu abadala bathanda ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo. Ezinyangeni ezifudumele, badla ama-blueberries, ama-blueberries, ama-cranberry noma ama-lingonberry nezitshalo ze-herbaceous ezifana ne-clover noma i-hawk. Ziphinde futhi zidle emasimini lapho kutshalwa khona izilimo, kanti zona ikakhulukazi zithanda ukolweni namabele.
Ebusika, i-grouse emnyama ehlala ezihlahleni ze-birch idla amahlumela, ama-buds noma ama-birch. Futhi izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni lapho i-birch ingakhuli khona kufanele zaneliswe nokunye ukudla: izinaliti zespruce kanye nejuniper, amahlumela we-larch, ama-cone amancane kaphayini, kanye nemiqumbe ye-alder noma i-willow.
Izilwane ezincane kulezi zinyoni zidla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, kepha kamuva, lapho zikhula, ziyaguquka ukuze zitshale ukudla.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-grouse yabesilisa abamnyama iqoqene lapho kuthiwa izidumbu zamanje, lapho zikhetha khona izimbotshana zamaphethelo, amaxhaphozi wamachibi noma izihlahla ezithule zamahlathi. Kokuhlanza okukodwa kungabutha abesilisa abangaba yishumi nambili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube ngaphezulu. Iziqongo zeGrouse zenzeka engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa ngamunye uzama ukubamba esizeni samanje icebo eliseduze kwaphakathi nendawo, kepha amasayithi amahle kakhulu, aya kwabanamandla kunabo.
Abesilisa bavikela ngokucophelela lezi zingosi ekuhlaselweni yizimbangi, ezinye zazo zingaze zichithe ubusuku bonke lapho emhlabathini, ngokwesaba ukuthi ngenkathi ezobuya ebusuku, isiza singathatha elinye igogo elimnyama. Kwenye indawo ihora ngaphambi kokusa, abesilisa bahlangana njengamanje futhi baqale ukwenza umsindo, bese beguqula imisindo ukuze bakhange ukunakwa kwabesifazane, okuthi uma sebefikile isikhashana, baqale bahlale eduze komaphethelo wamanje, bese indiza iqonde maphakathi nendawo. lapho bekhetha khona umlingani wabo.
I-Grouse yamanje ngumbono othakazelisa kakhulu. Abanye abesilisa bashintshashintsha okuthile, begoba izimbobo zabo phansi bese besakaza imisila yabo ngaphansi kwamakhreyithi amhlophe agqamile. Abanye ngalesi sikhathi bayakhonkotha futhi bashaye amaphiko abo kakhulu. Owesithathu wabo, angahlukanisi owesimame noma indawo abebethanda ngayo, ahlangane duel, gxuma futhi ashesha omunye komunye. Noma kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuthi izingxabano phakathi kwabesilisa zivame ukwenzeka, i-grouse emnyama ayibangeli ukulimala okukhulu komunye nomunye.
Ngemuva kokuphola, abesilisa be-grouse emnyama abahlanganyeli ekuphelisweni kwenzalo yabo yesikhathi esizayo: insikazi ngokwayo iyakha isidleke, ibamba amaqanda angama-5-13 angacwasi ukukhanya namaqanda amnyama ansundu afakwe ngaphakathi. Ukubamba kuqala phakathi maphakathi noMeyi, kanti isidleke uqobo singumgodi omncane emhlabathini ofakwe izimpaphe, amaqabunga, amagatsha amancanyana notshani obomile bangonyaka odlule.
Owesifazane ubamba inzalo yakhe izinsuku ezingama-24-25. Ama-Goshawks azalwa embozwe ngokuphelele nge-fluff futhi ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa angalandela umama wawo. Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-10 zokuphila kwabo yizo eziyingozi kakhulu: ngemuva kwakho konke, amaphuphu awazi ukuthi angaphinda aqhume kanjani ngakho-ke emhlabeni angaba yisisulu sabazingeli.
Kuyathakazelisa! Owesifazane ubelokhu esondelene nenzalo yakhe sonke lesi sikhathi, futhi uma kuvela inyamazana eduzane, izama ukumkhohlisa ngokwenza sengathi ilimele. Ubhabha ezindaweni ngezindawo kube sengathi akakwazi ukuhamba futhi undiza amaphiko akhe ngenkani, ngenkathi eqa kakhulu. Lokhu kukhipha izinkomba kuwuphawu lwamachwane ukuthi acashe futhi acashe kuze kubuye umama wawo.
Lapho i-grouse emnyama iphenduka ezinsukwini eziyi-10, ziyakwazi ukundiza, kuthi emva kwenyanga ziqale ukundiza. NgoSepthemba, izinsizwa ezisencane, esezivele zincibilikisiwe zaba ngamapulangwe amnyama, zihlukana nemindeni yazo futhi zahlala ngokwehlukana, kepha izinsikazi ezincane zisazama ukuhlala eduze komama bazo. Kusebusika kuphela, owesilisa nowesifazane baqala ukuhlangana emihlanjini ehlanganisiwe.
Njengomthetho, nginonyaka owodwa ubudala, abesilisa abasabambe iqhaza ekukhiqizweni, noma sebevele sebefinyelele esikhathini sokuthomba: vele abavunyelwe ukwenza lokhu ngegogo elimnyama elixosha abantu abasha kude nalokhu okukhona, ukuze kusale nje ukuhlangana emaphethelweni edlelo bese bebheka njengoba izihlobo ezindala futhi ezinamandla zikhuluma ngabo. Abesilisa abaneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala basazithathela isiza kusuka emaphethelweni wesitoko samanje futhi bangabamba iqhaza ekuzaleni, uma kunjalo, omunye wabesifazane ubakhetha njengabalingani.
Izitha zemvelo
Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, i-grouse emnyama inezitha eziningi, phakathi kwazo kukhona izimpungushe, ama-martens, izingulube zasendle nama-goshawks. Amanye ama-coons amnyama, kufaka phakathi amasaka, ayingozi namantshontsho ama-grouse amnyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izitha zemvelo, ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zinyoni zinazo eziningi, azithinti isibalo sama-grouse amnyama ngokweqile: umsebenzi womnotho wesintu kanye nezimo zezulu zibaluleke kakhulu kokwehla kwabo kwesibalo sabantu.
Kwenzeka ukuthi ezinyangeni zemvula zasehlobo, ngenxa ye-hypothermia, kuze kube ngu-40% wesibalo sombungu omnyama uyafa, uma kuqhathaniswa nesibalo sokuthi amaphuphu afile evela emazinyweni nasezipondweni zezinyamazane akubonakali ukuthi maningi kangako.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Njengamanje, inani lama-grouse agciniwe maningi kakhulu, futhi ibanga lapho lezi zinyoni zihlala khona likhulu. Yilezi zimo ezenze ukuthi sikwazi ukunikeza lolu hlobo isimo se-"Least Concerns".Ngokuqondene ne-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasian, yona, njengesifo, yatholwa yizinhlobo eziseduzane "ezisengozini." Ngasikhathi sinye, ukondla amadlelo nokuzingela kuyingozi kakhulu kuye. Izidleke zokucindezela imfuyo zilanda izidleke namachwane, kepha izinja ezingabelusi, ezingaphuthelwa ithuba lokuzingela, ziyingozi kakhulu kwi-grouse emnyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengamanje, i-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasi ivikelwe endaweni yezindawo zemvelo ezinkulukazi, phakathi kwayo iCaucasian neTeberdinsky.
I-Grouse yisakhamuzi esijwayelekile sama-birch groves kanye namahlathi ase-Eurasia. Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa, opendwe ngombala omnyama “nezibuko” ezimhlophe, kanye nokufakwa okuphakathi kwezinsikazi emaphepheni amancanyana, abomvu ansundu ngabesifazane, kuyamangaza kangangokuba kunzima ukukholwa ukuthi bayizinyoni zohlobo olufanayo. Lezi zinyoni kudala zidonsa ukunaka kwabantu ngokuziphatha kwabo, futhi ikakhulukazi ngokuzifaka kwamanje.
Abantu ababone ukuthi i-grouse i-grouse kanjani entwasahlobo entathakusa, baphikisana nokuthi lokhu kuwumbono ongasoze walibaleka futhi omuhle. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi isithombe salezi zinyoni saboniswa kabanzi kubuciko bendabuko: ngokwesibonelo, emidansweni ye-alpine, ukunyakaza okufana nokugxuma nokukhothama, isici se-grouse yamanje, siyasetshenziswa.
I-grouse emnyama
Izinyoni eziningi ugogo omnyama ujwayelekile kusukela ebuntwaneni. Lesi silwane sibuye saba ngumphikisi wezinganekwane, ukulandiswa nezindaba zezingane. Emisebenzini eminingi ye-grouse emnyama, ababhali bakhombisa ukuhlakanipha, okusheshayo, kepha ingabe kunjalo? Akungabazeki ukuthi u-Grouse ungomunye wabamele abathanda kakhulu besigaba sezinyoni. Kufanele ufunde kabanzi ngaye.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
I-Grouse ingenye yezinyoni ezithandwa kakhulu kubantu. Uyaziswa ngenkumbulo yakhe yobuntwana obumnandi yezinganekwane eziningi, ngokubukeka kwakhe okucacile nokukhumbulekayo, futhi nenani elikhethekile phakathi kwabazingeli. I-grouse emnyama ibizwa ngamagama ahlukene: "grouse", "whitefish", "mnyama", "grouse field". NgesiLatini, igama lezicucu ezinemisindo lizwakala njengeLrisurus tetrix. Ngokuyinhloko, amagama avela ezicini ezimbili: ukubukeka okubonakalayo nezimpawu zokuziphatha.
Ihlala kuphi i-grouse emnyama?
Isithombe: I-grouse yabesilisa abamnyama
Omama izinyoni ezivamile. Inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lezinyoni ezinjalo lingatholakala eYurophu nase-Asia. Kulezi zindawo, inani labantu lihlala lingazinzi. Lokhu kungenxa yezinguquko ekubonakaleni komhlaba, ukutholakala kokudla okufanele. Uma enyakatho naseningizimu yeYurophu i-grouse ihlala emahlathini nasezindaweni ezingamahlathi, lapho-ke kanye nentshonalanga bekhetha ukuhlala emahlathini akhiwe ezintabeni. Naphezu kwesibalo esiphakeme, kwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu grouse wanyamalala ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuphathwa okusebenzayo kwesintu.
E-Asia, izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala kwezinye izindawo zaseNyakatho Korea, eChina, eMongolia naseKazakhstan. Le nyoni idlangile kakhulu eRussia. Ingatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amadolobha, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile. Futhi, abantu abamnyama abagqokile abamnyama bahlala e-Ukraine, bekhetha izindawo ezinamathanga aseduze kwamaxhaphozi kanye nemifula emikhulu lapho. Ungazitholi izinyoni ezinjalo eSakhalin, eCrimea naseKamchatka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Grouse inyoni ehleliwe. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi benza ukuthuthwa kweningi. Imihlambi emikhulu yezinyoni ifuduka ngasikhathi sinye, njengomthetho, hhayi kude kakhulu nendawo yokuhlala yangempela. Ukuhambisa okukhulu okunjalo kuhlotshaniswa kuphela nokuntuleka kokuphakelayo.
Lapho ukhetha indawo yokuhlala, i-grouse emnyama igxila ezicini eziningana: ukutholakala kokudla okwanele, isimo sezulu esifanele. Zilungele kahle isimo sezulu esifudumele nezindawo lapho amahlathi akhiwe eduze nezikhala ezivulekile. Imhlambi yezilwane ithanda ukuhlala emithini, emahlathini, ezintabeni, ezigodini zemifula emikhulu noma eduzane nendawo yezolimo, lapho ungahlala uthole okuthile ongazuza ngakho. Lezi zinyoni zigwema amahlathi amnyama futhi zibheka izindawo lapho izihlahla ze-birch zikhula khona ngamanani amakhulu.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi i-grouse emnyama. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Ngabe kudlani gogo omnyama?
Photo: Grouse eRussia
Ukudla okuningi kwe-grouse emnyama ekudleni kwezitshalo. Izinhlobo zamamenyu ezinhlobonhlobo zihluka kuphela entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho kukhona amajikijolo amaningi amasha, izithelo, izitshalo emgwaqweni.
Esikhathini esifudumele, lokhu kudla kufaka:
- imbewu yezihlahla, amakhambi, izitshalo,
- inflorescence, izimbali namahlumela
- amaqabunga ezinye izihlahlana, izitshalo ze-herbaceous,
- amajikijolo amasha: ama-cranberry, ama-blueberries, ama-blueberries, ama-lingonberry,
- izilimo zokusanhlamvu: ukolweni, amabele.
Ukudla okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, amabele, i-grouse emnyama kulimaza umhlaba wezolimo, izingadi zemifino. Kodwa-ke, lezi zilwane azikwazi ukubizwa izinambuzane ezinkulu. Grouse akuvamile ukudla okusanhlamvu, ukhetha amajikijolo, amaqabunga nokunye ukudla kubo. Ebusika, ukudla kwalezi zinyoni kunqabile. Abandizeli emazweni afudumele, ngakho-ke bayaphoqelelwa ukuba babheke ukudla ngaphansi kobukhulu beqhwa ezihlahleni. Ebusika, i-grouse emnyama idla izinso, amahlumela, ama-catkin esihlahla. I-Adore birch, u-willow, i-aspen, i-alder. Qiniseka ukuthi ufake amajuniper amajikijolo, uphayini wephayini.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokugaya kwabo, abantu abadala bagwinya amatshe amatshe amancane ngenkathi bedla. Basiza ukudla ukugaya okungcono esiswini, kusebenze inqubo yokugaya.
Ukudla kwenzalo ye-grouse emnyama kuhluke kakhulu. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zezimpilo zabo, amaphuphu amancane adinga kakhulu ukudla okunothe ngamaprotheni. Ngalesi sizathu, ukudla kwezilwane kuyanda ekudleni kwabo kwansuku zonke. Amakati adla ama-cicadas, izimbungulu, izicabucabu, omiyane, amacimbi nezinye izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezilethwa ngabazali bazo. Njengoba ikhule ku-grouse emnyama, isidingo sokudla kwesilwane siyancishiswa kancane kancane bese sinyamalala ngokuphelele.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Grouse ehlathini
I-Grouse ingabizwa ngokuthi izinyoni ezixazululwe ngokuphepha. Bahlala endaweni eyodwa, bekhetha izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwalezi zinyoni kuyaqabukela, kepha kunezikhathi zokufuduka kweziningi. Akujwayelekile. Kungcono kube ukuthutha okuphoqelekile. Isizathu esikhulu sokufuduka okunjalo ukushoda kokudla.
Eminyakeni esezingeni eliphezulu noma lapho isimo sezulu sishintsha, izinyoni azinakho ukudla okwanele. Bese bethutha yonke imihlambi besiya kwenye indawo lapho kungekho okushoda khona. Kuyaqabukela, imbangela yokufuduka kwesisindo ukuguquguquka kwesibalo sezilwane. Inani lezinyoni ezinjalo kwesinye isikhathi landa kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kanye eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: I-Grouse iyathandeka kakhulu ukubalekela emakhazeni ngenkathi ebusika. Lezi yizinyoni kuphela ezisebenzisa "amakamelo" eqhwa ukufudumala. Bazimbela izimbobo ezincane, lapho bacasha khona lapho kubanda nalapho kuneqhwa. Ngaphandle kwezinyoni ziya kuphela ukuyofuna ukudla.
I-Grouse ihlala emahlathini, emahlathini, ezintabeni, hhayi kude nomthombo wamanzi. Bahlala emaphaketheni. Njengoba linenqwaba yezinyoni, indawo yazo yokuhlala kulula ukuyithola ngokuxebuka kakhulu. I-Grouse ivame ukwenza imisindo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala. Abesilisa kuphela abaphenduka ngokuzwakalayo, kanti nabesifazane kuphela abesekela iculo ngezikhathi ezithile. Indlela lezi zinyoni eziphila ngayo ikakhulukazi emhlabeni. Izinyoni zigibela izihlahla kuphela zokudla: amajikijolo, amaqabunga, ama-buds, ama-cones. Ugogo omnyama uchitha ubusuku kuphela emhlabathini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Grouse, ngaphandle komzimba omkhulu nokufana okukhulu ngezikhuku ezifuywayo, "amaflaya" amahle kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zikhuphuka kalula emoyeni zivela kunoma iyiphi indawo. Kodwa-ke, i-grouse emnyama isuka ngomsindo omningi emhlabathini, futhi icishe izihlahla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-jozi elimnyama
Kunzima ukuphuthelwa ukuqala kwenkathi yokuzalela ku-grouse. Ziguquka kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwazo ekuqaleni kokushisa kokuqala. Entwasahlobo, i-grouse emnyama ihola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, imvama ngokucula nangokuzwakalayo. Le nkathi ibizwa ngokuthi isiqalo samanje. Imvamisa kwenzeka ngenyanga kaMashi. Akunakwenzeka ukusho isibalo esiqondile, ngoba ezifundeni ezihlukene zasendaweni emnyama yamagogo kunezici zesimo sezulu nezendawo.
Inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwalezi zilwane ingalethwa ngezigaba:
- Okwenzayo okusebenzayo Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, i-grouse yabesilisa abamnyama bahlangana ngenqwaba emaphethelweni ehlathi, lapho bekhulumisana khona ngentshiseko. Kufika abantu abayishumi nanhlanu abangahlangana endaweni eyodwa. Okwamanje okusebenzayo kuhlala cishe amasonto amabili. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa bangahle baxabane futhi balwe bodwa,
- ukuvundiswa kowesifazane. Ngemuva kwabesilisa, izinsikazi nazo zifika endaweni yokuzalela. Lapho, bangazikhethela umlingani. Lapho-ke izinyoni ziyaganana, abesilisa bashiye izintokazi, ngoba ke azidingeki,
- imishini yesokhethi. Izinsikazi zakha izidleke zazo emhlabathini, hhayi kude nalapho ziya khona. Isidleke se-grouse esimnyama singumgodi omncane lapho izinsikazi zibeka khona amahlumela ahlukahlukene, utshani, amaqabunga, izimpaphe. Imvamisa isidleke sakhiwa emahlathini otshani, izimbabazane,
- ukubeka nokubopha amaqanda. Amaqanda abekwa ngabesifazane ngenyanga kaMeyi. I-grouse emnyama iyanda kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ingazalela amaqanda ayishumi nantathu. Amaqanda anombala okhanyayo we-ocher ngama-specks. insikazi izingela amaqanda cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu,
- nakekela amachwane. Owesifazane ubheka neyakhe inzalo eyedwa. Amakati abhekwe ngunina cishe izinsuku eziyishumi. Uvikela inzalo yakhe kubazingeli nakwezinye izingozi. Amakati kufanele adle ukudla kwezilwane: izibungu ezahlukahlukene, izinambuzane ezincane, amacimbi.
Inkukhu ye-Prairie
Le nyoni, njengabo bonke abanye abafowabo, ingeyomndeni wakwa-pheasant. Ungabona i-grouse yensimu eNyakatho Melika. Ebusika, ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izinyoni azikwazi ukuba namahloni ngokuba semapulazini. Kukulezo zindawo lapho bekwazi khona ukusinda esikhathini esinzima sonyaka futhi bangazitholi izinkinga zokudla.
Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo lwe-grouse emnyama ama-walnut okhula, izindawo ezinenani elikhulu lama-rose asendle ne-birch. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokuzalela, bashintsha indawo okuyo futhi bathuthele emasimini ngamakhambi amade.
Ukwakha isidleke, izinyoni zizikhethela zona izindawo eziseduzane nezidumbu zamanzi nangotshani obuphansi. Ukuba khona kwechibi eliseduzane kuyisidingo sokuphila okunethezekile i-grouse emnyama emvelweni. Le nhlobo yafakwa ohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu ngonyaka we-1967 futhi kubhekwa njengengasengozini.
Igogo elinomsila omnyama
Lolu hlobo lwe-grouse emnyama luhlala ezindaweni ezisukela enkabeni ye-Alaska kuya eYukon, kufinyelela eGreat Plains. Ubukhulu bale nyoni bancane - ubude abudluli ku-49 cm, futhi isisindo asifinyeleli kilog.
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-grouse enomsila obukhali umsila waso, maphakathi nendawo lapho izimpaphe zibhekwa khona, zinde kunezinye. Umucu wombala omnyama ubonwa phakathi kwamehlo enyoni. Abesifazane nabesilisa abanemehluko omkhulu. Umbala wokuqala ngandlela thile.
Kuyinto elula ukuthi lezi zinyoni zihlale emigodini enotshani obuphansi ezisiza ngekhono ukufihla izidleke zazo. Uma i-grouse emnyama ihlala ehlathini, khona-ke iyazicelela yona. Imvamisa itholakala emhlabeni wezolimo namabhuthi aphezulu.
Ukuvela kwegundane elimnyama
Kunomehluko phakathi kwegreyini emnyama yowesilisa nowesifazane. Banama-dimorphism ocansi ngokwezinga eliphezulu, kulokhu, imvelo yenze yonke imizamo. Zonke i-grouse ezimnyama zesilisa zinombala ogqamile futhi ocebile.
Ngokuvamile, yinyoni enhle kakhulu, engabukwa amahora amaningi. Le nyoni inomzimba omkhulu, inhloko encane entanyeni emfishane. Isisindo esiphezulu sezinwele ezinamakhaza singafinyelela ku-6.5 kg. Ubude bawo bungaba imitha.
I-Female Caucasian Grouse
Amehlo ezinyoni ahlotshiswe ngesikhumba esibomvu esingenamibala. Uqhwaku lwezinyoni alumangali ngokukhethekile. Ngaphezulu kwaso kunenqwaba. Futhi emakhaleni embozwe izimpaphe. Izimpiko zimfishane, ziyindilinga.
Umsila okhangayo wabesilisa uyashaywa. Izimbambo zenyoni zimbozwe ngotshwala. I-plumage yezinsikazi yehlukile ngakwenye iplamu yabesilisa. Kuyamangaza futhi akufihliwe kangako njengemvelo yangaphandle.
Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni nendlela yokuphila
I-Grouse ingatholakala ezindaweni zePalaearctic neNeo-Arctic. Izindawo ezisukela emaPyrenees empumalanga yeManchuria, amazwe aseScotland naseMongolia, amazwe aseNyakatho Melika, e-Asia naseYurophu agcwele lezi zinyoni ezihehayo nezikhangayo. Izinhlobo zazo eziningi zitholakala eRussia.
Le yinyoni exazululiwe, kepha ngesikhathi sokudalwa kuba nokuqaphelisisa ukuthi ungayakha kuphi indawo yokuhlala. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-grouse emnyama izama ukugwema amahlathi amile, antiyiziya anezihlahla ezinde.
Kuyamangalisa futhi kukhululekile kubo ezihlahleni zikalamula namahlathi e-aspen, lapho kubonakala khona amahlathi ama-birch, amasimu anokusanhlamvu, namajikijolo. Kungekudala kakhulu lapho kwenzeka khona ukwazi ukubona lezi zinyoni emaqeleni. Kepha ngentuthuko yezolimo, kancane kancane basuka lapho.
Izinyoni zikhetha umhlaba wezidleke zazo. Ngokuqondile kuwo emabushini aminyene noma emathangeni we-grouse emnyama uthola isiphephelo. Kuyenzeka ukuthi bavele basebenzise ukucindezelwa emhlabathini kwalokhu.
Endabeni yezindlu, wonke umthwalo uphathwa ngowesifazane kuphela. Ummeleli wobulili obuqine awubambi iqhaza kulokhu. Ukufudumeza izindlu eziqediwe, kusetshenziswa izimpaphe kanye notshani obomile. Izinyoni zithanda ukufuya. I-grouse ebusika ukunamathela ndawonye kubaluleke kakhulu. Owesifazane akavamile ukushiya owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka.
Ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo, izinyoni zihambahamba phakathi kwezihlahla zifuna ama-buds amasha kanye namahlumela. Kuyajabulisa ukubabuka ngalesi sikhathi. Izingwegwe zomgundi omnyama ezinamafasitela aqinile egatsheni futhi zingagibela zibheke phansi isikhathi eside.
Baqala indlela yokuphila yokuhlala futhi abajwayele ukuguqula indawo abahlala kuyo. Lesi yisizathu sokucekelwa phansi ngokuphelele kwezinye zezinhlobo zazo, ngoba akunzima kangako ukuba abazingeli bangazitholi.
Grouse yamanje akhawunti okuqala kwentwasahlobo. Bahlukana ngababili. Ngaphambi i-grouse ekwindla inakekela inzalo yayo, iyayifihla futhi iyigade ngokucophelela. Eduze nobusika, izinyoni ziphinda zithathe imihlambi. Ngalesi sikhathi, zivame ukutholakala ezihlahleni, yize i-grouse emnyama ibhekwa njengeyinyoni emhlabathini.
Funa ukundiza ngokuphelele. Emini bayandiza benyuka esihlahleni besiya esihlahleni beyofuna ukudla, kuthi ebusuku baye phansi emhlabathini. Ebusika, ubusuku bunyuka bangene eqhweni, ngaleyondlela bebalekela amakhaza. Lapho, bangahlala izinsuku eziningana uma izinga lokushisa emgwaqweni lehla kakhulu. Kepha noma zingaphansi kweqhwa, izinyoni ziyaqaphela kakhulu.
Baye bakhulisa kahle umbono nokuzwa. Lokhu kubasiza ukuba balindele ingozi kusengaphambili. Kufanelekile ukwenza ukunyakaza okukodwa okungaphumelelanga ngesikhathi sokuzingela futhi ungesabeka kuyo yonke i-grouse emnyama. Izinyoni ezethusayo zindiza ngokushesha nangamazwi, zidala isiyaluyalu nxazonke.
Le nyoni iyinani lentengiso ukuzingela kwe-grouse emnyama yasendulo iyindlela eyintandokazi yabazingeli abaningi. Ukuqothulwa okunjalo okuningi kuholele ekutheni ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zisondele ekuqothulweni futhi zithathwe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa yisintu.
Umsoco
Gaya umsoco okuhlukahlukene kakhulu. Kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka nendawo yokuhlala yenyoni. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, tshala ukudla okudla ekudleni kwakhe. Ehlobo, ukudla kwezilwane kungajoyina. Kuphela ekuqaleni kokuphila kwayo kwegogo kudinga inani elikhulu lezinambuzane.
Ebusika, bakhetha ama-buds wesihlahla, amajikijolo nezinaliti. Grouse abahlala eduze kwamasimu, ngaphandle kokujabha nokwesaba, amadili ezithelweni zezilimo. Lokhu kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Ukugaya okujwayelekile kwezinyoni kusizwa ukusetshenziswa kwamatshe amancanyana kanye nembewu enzima.
I-Ara parrot
Igama lesi Latin: | I-Lyrurus tetrix |
Igama lesiNgisi: | I-grouse emnyama |
Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Isigaba: | Izinyoni |
Ukuhlonza: | Inyama yenkukhu |
Umndeni: | Gogo |
Umusa: | I-grouse emnyama |
Ubude bomzimba: | 40-55 cm |
Ubude bephiko: | kuchaziwe |
I-Wingspan: | 65-80 cm |
Isisindo: | 900-1800 g |
Ukuchazwa kwenyoni
I-Grouse inyoni enkulu enekhanda elincane kanye noqhwaku olufushane. Abesilisa bakhulu ngobukhulu kunabesifazane, ubude bawo bomzimba buvela ku-49 kuye ku-58 cm, isisindo sabo sisebangeni le-1-1.4 kg, kanti izinsikazi ubude zivela ku-40 kuye ku-45 cm, kanti isisindo sazo singama-0.7-1 kg.
Ubuningi bendoda
Iduna lineplamu elimnyama elicwebezelayo elinombala onsomi noma oluhlaza okotshani ekhanda, entanyeni, e-goiter kanye naphansi emuva, amashiya abomvu akhanyayo. Umaphakathi maphakathi un nsundu ngezinsipho ezikhanyayo zezimpaphe, ezimhlophe ngaphansi. Izimpaphe eziyinhloko zinombala onsundu ngombala, “nezibuko” - amabala amhlophe engxenyeni engezansi yezimpaphe ezi-1 kuya kwezi-5. “Izibuko” zivezwa nangaphezulu ngezimpaphe zesibili. Izimpaphe zomsila emsileni zimnyama nge-sheen ebubende eziqongweni, izimpaphe zomsila ongaphandle zigobeke ezinhlangothini, yingakho umsila wegreythi emnyama umise okwamalitha.
Ubuningi besifazane
Owesifazane unemibala, obomvu ngombala onsundu ngombala onemigqa eshintshashintshashintshingi ebimpunga, ephuzi elimnyama nomnyama onsundu. Ngaphandle kufana ne-capercaillie yowesifazane, kepha ihlukaniswa “izibuko” ezimhlophe emaphikweni ayo neshiji elincane emsileni wayo. Isikhumba esingaphansi simhlophe. Izinyoni ezincane zinembobo enemibala emhlophe, umbala wayo uqukethe imivimbo kanye namabala ansundu, ansundu kanye namhlophe.
Habitat
Entshonalanga nasenkabeni yeYurophu, ama-grouse amnyama ahlala emahlathini ezindawo zezintaba, ezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka ku-1400 kuya ku-1800 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, yize ngaphambili ibanga lazo lalibanzi kakhulu. Imvamisa, i-grouse emnyama ithanda ukuhlala lapho ihlathi noma i-shrubbery ihlangana khona nendawo evulekile, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni zokugcina izihlahla, emaphepheni, emahlathini, ezigodini zemifula, ngasemaphethelweni emishayo, izimayini nezwe lokulima. Ngokuvamile i-grouse ikhetha izindawo lapho ikhula khona ama-birch.
I-Caucasian grouse emnyama (i-Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi)
Ngaphandle, le nyoni ifana ne-grouse emnyama ejwayelekile, kepha ihlukile kuyo ngosayizi omncane nendlela owakhiwe ngayo umsila.
Ubude bomzimba wowesilisa buqala ku-50 kuye ku-55 cm, isisindo silinganiselwa ku-1,1 kg, iplamu liba mnyama impela, azikho “izibuko” emaphikweni, amashiya abomvu, umsila ubunjiwe, lwenziwe imfoloko. Ubude bomzimba wowesifazane busuka ku-37 kuye ku-42 cm, isisindo silinganiselwa ku-0.95 kg, iplamu linemibala egqamile, ngombala obomvu onsundu enemifudlana emnyama.
Izinhlobo zitholakala eCaucasus eseRussia, eAzerbaijan, e-Armenia, eGeorgia naseTurkey. Le nyoni iphila impilo yokuhlala phansi. Izimpilo ziphakeme ngamamitha angama-3300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, zidla kancane. Ihlala ezitsheni ezingcolile ze-Rhododendron ne-rose yasendle, kanye nasezigungwini ezincane ezigcwele i-birch nejuniper.
Owesilisa nowesifazane: umehluko omkhulu
Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwe-dimorphism yocansi kwe-grouse emnyama ubukhulu obukhulu bezinsikazi kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-plumage yeduna imnyama ngombala onsomi noma onsomi, amashiya abomvu ngokugqamile. I-tummy insundu, i-undertery imhlophe. Futhi kowesifazane, i-plumage inemibalabala, imisipha enemibala eshintshashintshashintshi engwevu, ephuzi emnyama nomnyama onsundu.
Amahlaya
Amakati avela ku-fluff obukhulu bese kuthi ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa ashiye isidleke alandele insikazi. Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-10 zokuphila zezingane ziyingozi kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ibaqaphe njalo, ilalela imisindo engaphezulu futhi, lapho umhlaseli esondela, izama ukumphambukisela eceleni. Kulokhu, insikazi yenza sengathi "ilimele", iyagijima, isabalalisa amaphiko ayo, igxume futhi ibeke phezulu kakhulu. Lapho ezwa ukukhala okuthusayo kukamama, amaphuphu asakazeka athule alinde ingozi. Ngezinsuku eziyi-10, i-grouse ingavele ichume futhi, lapho ineminyaka eyi-1 iba yiphiko.
Sonke isikhathi ukuphathwa kabi kwabesilisa, bacasha futhi baziphathe ngokucophelela.
Vota
Izinsikazi ezi-Grouse zenza imisindo esheshayo, efaka i-"ko-ko"; ekugcineni kwenyoni ziyeluliwe. Abesilisa bavele baphenduke phezulu futhi isikhathi eside, lapho ingozi isondela, benza umsindo omncane we- “chuu-ish”.
Ingoma enkulu yabesilisa ingazwakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala, engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi nango-Ephreli. Kepha phakathi kwe-molt yasehlobo, eyenzeka ngoJulayi, i-grouse imvama ithulile.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
- I-Grouse ivame ukuvela kwizitampu zamazwe ahlukene. I-Caucasian grouse iboniswa ohlolweni lwemali olu-1 ruble olukhishwe yiBhange LaseRussia ngo-Okthoba 24, 1995.
- E-Russia nasemazweni aseScandinavia, i-grouse emnyama ingenye yezinyoni ezithandwa kakhulu zokuzingela ezentengiselwano; inani lezidumbu ezidutshuliweyo likhulu kuphela ku-white parridge kanye ne-hazel grouse. Eminyakeni yokuqala yo-1990, cishe abantu abangama-120,000 zalezi zinyoni badutshulwa minyaka yonke eRussia.
Izinhlobo ze-Grouse
Umndeni we-pheasant uqukethe izinhlobo eziyi-17, zona ezihlukaniswe zaba izinhlobo ezingama-8. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
I-Hazel grouse: i-collar, evamile ne-grouse Severtsov,
I-boar yasendle: I-grouse emnyama yaseCanada nevamile,
I-Kosach neCaucasian,
Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zinezimpawu zokubonisa ezinquma ngokungafani ukwahluka kwazo ngokubukeka.
Uzosisiza kakhulu uma wabelana nge-athikili kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana nomphakathi kanye nokunye. Ngiyabonga ngalokho.
Bhalisela isiteshi sethu.
Funda ezinye izindaba ku-bird House.
Ukuphila endalweni
I-grouse emnyama emvelweni ukhuthele kakhulu empilweni yezenhlalo, ubambe, ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokuzalela, amaphakethe ahlanganisiwe owesilisa nowesifazane. Inani labantu emhlanjini lifinyelela izinjongo ezingama-200. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi ngenkathi efudumele liqala ekuseni nangaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Ntambama, izinyoni zihamba elangeni, zihleli emagatsheni.
Izinyoni ziphila impilo yokuhlala. Isikhathi eside bahamba emhlabathini, ngokushesha nangokuphazima kweso noma emathangeni aminyene. Lapha bathola ukudla, ukuzalanisa nokuphumula. Bangabuye balale phansi emhlabathini, ngaphansi kwesihlahla, kumaxhaphozi.
Uma kunesidingo, susa ngokushesha futhi ngomsindo. Ukundiza kwezinyoni kuyashesha futhi kuyashukunyiswa. I-Grouse ingabukwa ngokulinganayo njengezwe nenyoni yezinkuni. Bahamba ngokuzethemba badlula ezihlahleni, bahlala ubusuku bemamatheka, bahlala ngokuqinile ngisho emagatsheni acinene asekela isisindo sabo.
Ekufuneni i-tidbit, amacici angakwazi ukubambelela phansi, ngenkathi ebambelela ngokuqinile egatsheni.
I-grouse emnyama inezindlebe nombono omuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwi-grouse emnyama, okungeyokuqala ukunikeza amasignali e-alamu. Ukuziphatha kuqaphe kakhulu, uma kungenzeka kube nengozi, iKosach ingandiza amashumi amakhilomitha ambalwa. Ijubane lendiza lifinyelela ku-100 km / h.
Impilo yezinyoni inomehluko wesikhathi sonyaka, ikakhulukazi ushintsho ngenkathi ebandayo. I-grouse emnyama ebusika phakathi nesikhathi sasemini ihlala ezihlahleni, imvamisa emabeleni, futhi kusihlwa iqale ukucasha ngaphansi kweqhwa, icwila phezulu ikhiphe isithwathwa seqhwa futhi yenze umhubhe ojulile kuyo.
Ukwenza ukunyakaza kanye negumbi lokudlela, izinyoni zigibela iqhwa eqhweni. Ukulungiswa kwezindawo zokukhosela eqhweni kungalungiswa ngezigaba, ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihamba kancane kancane, okuphoqa umgodi wamaphiko ngokujula kwama-50 cm.
Ngezikhathi zesithwathwa esinamandla, ukuba sezindlini zokuhlala kukhula kakhulu. I-Grouse ingaphuma kuphela ekondleni ngaphansi kweqhwa amahora angu-1-2. Uma kungekho okhathaza izinyoni, ziphuma kancane kancane emigodini, zisuke amamitha ambalwa bese zihamba.
Ukushisa kwasebusika sekuba inhlekelele yezinyoni, kufaka ukwakheka kokufakwa, kanye nezithiyo zokusindiswa ezidlekeni zeqhwa.
Ukuba ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa akusinciphisi isilinganiso sokuqashelwa kwe-inlaid ngokuzwa okuphelele. Uzwa ukugxuma kwe-hare, kanye nokuxhumaxhuma kwexx, kanye nokunyakaza kwe-lynx. Uma kuvela imisindo eduzane nokukhohlisa obomvu okucashile noma uthango lweqhwa elisuka esikhungweni somzingeli, i-grouse emnyama ekhanda ishiya imigudu bese inyamalala ngokushesha.
Entwasahlobo, kancane kancane imihlambi iyahlukana. Omama bathambekele ukufudumala ngama-currents, bask kwimisebe esondele emaphethelweni avulekile. Izitha zinezitha ezanele: izimpungushe nemikhonto, izingulube zasendle kanye nezimbaza, oklebe nezikhova. I-grouse emnyama eninezinyawo ezine futhi enezinwele inyamakazi.
Ukuqothulwa okukhulu kakhulu kwezinyoni, yiqiniso, kuvunyelwe ngumuntu. Abazingeli, njengoba sebefunde uhlobo lwenyoni ekhaliphile kepha ngasikhathi sinye esikhanyayo, bangasusa izingane zonke ngasikhathi sinye. Umsebenzi wezomnotho: ezokuvakasha, ukubekwa kwemigwaqo nezintambo zikagesi, ukuthuthukiswa kwendle - kunciphisa abashadikazi abamnyama ezindaweni zabo ezijwayelekile.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Entwasahlobo, isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala futhi gcina okwamanje emaphethelweni ehlathi, lapho zihlala khona zihlangana endaweni efanayo. Abazingeli bayazi kahle ukukhala kwabesilisa. Imvamisa abantu abaqoqiwe ku-10-15, kepha ngokuncipha kwesibalo sabantu, imvamisa yamakhanda ayi-3-5 iba njalo.
Isikhathi sokwethula samaphakathi sisuka ku-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noJuni. Ekugcineni kuphazanyiswe ukuqala kokuncibilika kwezinyoni.
I-grouse emnyama - isithombe esixakile semvelo, esingaphezu kwesichazwe encwadini. Izinyoni ezinhle ezibhekene nokubuyela emuva kwemvelo enhle ngokubabazekayo yezingoma ezikhulayo zakha umphumela we-cauldron ebilayo, ezwakala esimweni sezulu esicacile ngamakhilomitha ayi-3.
Izinduna zihlelwe nge-jozi elimnyama le-grouse emhlabathini ngaphansi kwamagatsha. Lezi ngemigodi emincane enodoti wamahlamvu, amagatsha amancane, utshani, imicu yezimpaphe nezimpaphe. Owesifazane ubamba amaqanda angama-6-8 ngokuzimela izinsuku ezingama-22-23. Abesilisa abahlanganyeli ekunakekelweni kwezingane. Abesilisa bayacanasa.
Isidleke esineqanda elibekwe ngokuthembekile sigada i-grouse. Uphumula ngobuqili, endiza ephuma esidlekeni futhi ahehe inyamazane ingene ehlathini, abuyele kulokho okwenziwe ngamatshe. Ukuvela kwezinkukhu zamachwane egogo kuholela kwenye indawo enokwethenjelwa.
U-Grouse ngumama olungile, ovikela amaphuphu akhe ekubandeni nasekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezizingelayo. Ngemuva kwesonto, ukukhula okuncane kuzama ukundiza, futhi emva kwenyanga nesigamu, impilo ezimele iqala.
Ekwindla, isikhathi sokuvuselela kabusha siqala, kodwa hhayi sisebenze njengasentwasahlobo. Amacala esikhathi samanje asebusika eqhweni eMongolia ayaziwa, kepha lokhu kuyinto eyejwayelekile emvelweni. Emvelweni, isilinganiso isikhathi sokuphila esisezingeni eliphansi uneminyaka engu-11-13 ubudala.
Kulesi sithombe isidleke esimnyama esinamaqanda esinamaqanda
Ukuzingela kwegogo elimnyama
Ukuzingela Igogo Elimnyama - Esikhathini sakudala, eyaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- ngosizo lwendlu,
- nendlela
- kusukela emnyango.
Ama-huts akhiwe kusuka kuma-shrubbery akhulayo namagatsha akude kude nendawo yamanje eyaziwayo. Ukuzingela kudinga ukuhlala isikhathi eside endlini kanye namandla amakhulu, ukuze kungasabisi izinyoni ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile.
I-grouse emnyama ngokusondela ubanjwe ngamaqembu amancane noma uwedwa. Umsebenzi womzingeli ukusondela ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sengoma yakhe. Uma kunezinyoni eziningi, khona-ke umzamo owodwa ongaphumelelanga ungaba okwesabisa yonke i-grouse emnyama. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela yenziwa kubantu ngamunye.
Ukuzingela okufanayo okuvela emphemeni kufaka ukusondela ehhashini noma esikebheni ukuya ogwini olukhethiwe ukugcwala ngokweqile. Ukuzingela kwe-grouse ekwindla imvamisa iphethwe yizinja, ebusika izinyoni ezazigxishwe ubusika. I-grouse efakiwe isebenza njengokukhohlisa kwezihlobo ezibonele emagatsheni welungu lomhlambi wazo.
Abathandi bemvelo abaningi bazi nge-grouse emnyama, izici zayo zokuziphatha, ukulwela hhayi kuphela ukuzingela nokupheka, indlela yokupheka i-grouse emnyama, kodwa futhi nokugcina le nyoni enhle nesebenzayo yehlathi laseRussia.
Injani inyoni yegogo
Le inyoni enkulu enomlomo omfishane nekhanda elincane. Uma siqhathanisa owesilisa nowesifazane, khona-ke okokuqala kukhulu ngosayizi, uma kuqhathaniswa nowesifazane. Ubude bomzimba besilisa bungafinyelela ku-58 cm, nesisindo bufika ku-1,4 kg. Owesifazane ufinyelela kubude obuyi-45 cm, abe nesisindo aze afike ku-1 kg. Umbala wezimpaphe zale nyoni ukhombisa ubumbano bezocansi. Iduna elinsundu elimnyama linepulamu emnyama ecwebezelayo, ene-sheen eluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi eduze kwekhanda, ingezansi emuva, i-goiter nentamo. Amashiya agrey abomvu ngokugqamile.
Izimpaphe zezimpaphe zimnyama ngombala onsundu, zinamabala amhlophe ngezansi. Ukukhanya okuqinile kuyabonakala ezimpaphe zakwizinga lesibili. Izimpaphe zomsila ezitholakala emsileni zimnyama nge-sheen ye-tint ephuzi emazingeni. Izimpaphe ezedlulele ezisebenza njengomhlanga zigobekile ezinhlangothini, umsila wegreythi emnyama umise okwenziwe ngo-lyre.
Umbala wezinsiba zensikazi uyathungwa, ngombala obomvu ngemisho ompunga, futhi onsundu futhi ophuzi. Ngaphandle, ubukeka njenge-capercaillie yowesifazane. Umehluko ukubonakaliswa okumhlophe okusezimpondweni ne-fossa encane emsileni. Izimpaphe ngaphansi komsila zimhlophe. I-grouse emnyama emnyama inayo iplamu enemibala, umbala uqukethe amabala nemivimbo ephuzi-nsundu no-brown-brown, kanye nomhlophe.
I-grouse emnyama
Indawo yokuhlala yalesi siphepho inezigodi ezinama-steppe, ama-steppe kanye namahlathi ase-Eurasia, kusuka eBritish Isles kanye nasezintabeni ze-Alpine entshonalanga kuya ePeninsula yaseKorea kanye ne-Ussuri Territory empumalanga. ENtshonalanga nasenkabeni yeYurophu, izinyoni zihlala emahlathini asezintabeni, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1800 ngaphezu kolwandle. Kepha ngaphambili, indawo ababehlala kuyo yayinkulu endaweni. Ngokuvamile i-grouse emnyama ihlala kulezo zindawo lapho kunamakhisi ezihlahlana namahlathi ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezivulekile. Isibonelo, esigodini somfula, ihlathi elingajwayelekile, emaphethelweni esixhaphozi. I-grouse emnyama iningi lithanda ama-birch groves.
Abantu abaningi babuza: i-grouse emnyama efudukayo noma cha? Kungabizwa ngokuthi yinyoni ezulazulayo noma eyodwa. Izindiza zakhona zonyaka azizinzile, futhi zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kokudla ebusika, kanye noshintsho enanini lezinyoni.
Ukufuya izinyoni kanjani
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lena inyoni enesithembu. Amadoda e-Vesta ahlala kuma-currents, emaphethelweni ehlathi naku-tokuyut. Bajaha ngokugqwayiza, bamemeze, bathulise. Okwamanje iningi labesilisa lifinyelela kwabangu-15. Le nqubo ikhuphuka aze afike emasontweni amabili. Bonke abesilisa banendawo yamanje emhlabeni. Kuqabukela begibela izihlahla. Phakathi kwabo, abesilisa banolaka, balwe, bajahe abesifazane. Ngemuva kwalo mcimbi, izintokazi zifika emzimbeni, zikhethe owesilisa. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi yakhela isidleke, ifaka namaqanda. Ukukhuliswa kwam amaphuphu amancane kwenzeka futhi ngaphansi kokuholwa ngowesifazane.
Wenza isidleke eduzane nesamanje. Lokhu umgodi omncane emhlabathini, embozwe ngamahlamvu amadala, utshani, izimpaphe. Isidleke sitholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi, ngaphansi kwejuniper, i-birch, noma ngesihlungo. Maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi, insikazi isivele ibekele amaqanda, kuthi inzalo yokuqala ivele ngenyanga. Amaqanda ku-clutch imvamisa aze abe yizicucu ezi-9. Banombala we-ocher onsundu noma okhanyayo. Isikhathi sokufakwa izinsuku ezingama-25.
Inzalo iqanduselwa emgqonyeni, kuthi emva kwamahora ambalwa ikhambe esidlekeni, bese ilandela insikazi. Izinsuku zokuqala zamachwane ziyingozi kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ibabheka njalo, balalela imisindo engaphandle, futhi lapho kutholakala inyamazane, ihola izitha kude namachwane. Ukuphazamisa umhlaseli, sengathi inyoni elimele, isakaza amaphiko ayo, imemeza kakhulu, igxume. Amathanga ezwa ukukhala kukanina futhi ahlakaze ukuze acashe ezitheni zawo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, amaphuphu asevele eqala ukundiza, kuthi emva kwenyanga akwazi ukundiza. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa molt. Ngasikhathi sinye, bayacasha futhi baqaphele.
Inentshisekelo nge-grouse emnyama
Ezimweni eziningi, inyoni emnyama egogo iboniswa kwizitampu. Ukubonakala kwale ntaka yaseCaucasi kukhonjiswa ngohlamvu lwemali lwenziwe ngesiliva, olukhishwe yiBhange LaseRussia ngo-1995. Emazweni aseScandinavia naseRussia, i-grouse emnyama iye yaba yinyoni evame kakhulu ukuzingela umdlalo. Isibalo sezidumbu esidlulisiwe senzelwe i-hazel grouse ne-partridge kuphela. E-Russia, ngawo-90s, cishe izidumbu zezinkulungwane zomzimba zabalelwa ku-120 izinkulungwane zomzimba.
I-Grouse ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi inyoni efudukayo. Uhlala endaweni azalelwa kuyo. Ngenkathi ebandayo ebusika, izimbela endaweni eyiqhwa bese ilala emihumeni efudumele efile. Ngezinyawo zakhe, iminwe yakhe ikwenza kube lula ukuhambahamba eqhweni elixegayo.
Izici zokuziphatha
I-Grouse ibhekwa njengenyoni yomhlaba. Isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwakhe esemhlabeni, iqhwa. Kodwa-ke, ekwindla kungakhuphuka izihlahla. Grouse run ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kalula. Emagatsheni ezihlahla, azizwa ekhululekile futhi eqiniseka, yize kukhona amagatsha amancanyana. I-Grouse isatshalaliswa eNyakatho Melika, e-Eurasia. ENingizimu mpumalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika akukho nyoni enjalo. Bakha izidleke zabo ogwini lwaseGreenland. Abaningi babo bangabahlali basehlathini. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ezihlahleni, kanti ezinye zingabekezelela ngisho nokubanda ku-tundra ye-Arctic.
UGrouse uhlela imidlalo yasekuqaleni yokuzalela. Phakathi kwalezi zinyoni kukhona ama-polygams ne-monogamy. Owokuqala wabo ugeleza ngamaqembu. Ngesikhathi samanje, abesilisa bandizela ezindaweni ezikhethekile lapho benza khona amasiko ayinkimbinkimbi ngemisindo ekhethekile nangemidwebo ekhethekile. Izidleke ze-Grouse zidalwe ngqo emhlabathini. Imvamisa le yimigodi emincane embozwe izimpaphe kanye notshani.
Zonke i-grouse ezimnyama zibalulekile ekuzingeleni kwezemidlalo, kepha njengamanje ezinye izinhlobo zikwiNcwadi Ebomvu. Lapho bethi lezi yizinyoni zasendulo, umbono onjalo uyiphutha. I-Grouse ngumndeni wenkukhu omncane kunayo yonke, kepha isivele iningi, futhi inezinhlobo eziyi-19.