Imizila - (iBatomorpha, noma iBatoidei), superorder yezinhlanzi ezikwapulangwe. Kuyaziwa kusuka ku-Upper Jurassic, eminingi evela ku-Upper Cretaceous. Umzimba uphahlazekile, ububanzi, buvame bume ngamadiski noma bume ngamadayimane. kusuka eziningana cm kuya ku-6 7 m, enesisindo esikhulu samathani afinyelela ku-2,5. Isikhumba singenalutho noma ... ... Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary

emithambekeni - (Batomorpha) i-superorder yezinhlanzi zesigaba se-cartilaginous (Chondrichthyes), abamele i-caudatiformes ifakwe ama-spikes anobuthi, futhi uphiko lwama-stingr kagesi luyakwazi ukudala ukukhishwa okuqinile kukagesi: bahlala ikakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nase ... Isichazamazwi esikhulu sezokwelapha

emithambekeni - I-superorder yezinhlanzi zeplate-branchial. Ubude kusuka ku-30 ​​cm kuya ku-6 m, bunesisindo esifinyelela kumathani ayi-1.5. Imindeni eyi-16, cishe yezinhlobo ezingama-350, isakazekile, ikakhulukazi olwandle, ihola indlela yokuphila ephansi, ngaphezulu kwezinhlobo eziyi-10 eBlack, eBarents, eMhlophe, eBaltic naseMpumalanga Ekude ... Encyclopedic silulumagama

Imizila - Umsuka: (kusuka kuLat. Batomorpha) i-superorder yesikebhe sezinhlayiya zeplat-branchial, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi zasolwandle zasolwandle, emthanjeni lapho kungekho khona izicubu zangempela zamathambo. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-365 ziyaziwa. Umzimba ongenalutho noma ombozwe ngosayizi ohlukahlukene nobume obunamasikandi, ... ... Marine Encyclopedic Handbook

I-Subclass Plate-Gill Fish (i-Elasmobranchii) - Ezinhlanzini zepill-gill, ezibandakanya oshaka nama-stingrays, izicubu zamathambo azikho ngokuphelele. Zinezithambo ezinama-cartilaginous, ezivame ukucwaswa. Umhlathi ongenhla umelelwa izinhlokomo ezinkulu ze-skwele zezulu, hhayi ... ... i-Biological Encyclopedia

Ukuchazwa kwama-ramp

Ama-stingrays ayizinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinama-cartilaginous zohlobo lwe-chordate, zinomzimba osicaba kanye namaphiko anjengephiko le-pectoral, ahlanganiswe nomzimba nekhanda. Umzimba wonke wale nhlanzi umelelwa indiza eyodwa. Kukhona amakhulukhulu ezinhlobo zama-stingrays. Sekukonke, kukhona cishe angama-340. Ngokuya ngohlelo nendlela yokuzalela, asondelene nomphangi wolwandle - ushaka.

Ukubukeka

Umzimba wonke wezinhlanzi ezi-stingray uzungezwe ngesimo sedayimane elilodwa. Inamaphinifa amakhulu e-pectoral, enwebeka cishe ngokusuka esihlanganweni kuya kwesisekelo somsila omncane. Ezinye izinhlobo zibonakaliswa ukuba khona kwempumulo ebukhali, ukubukeka kwayo okuqinisekisa indawo okukhona kuyo i-cartilage ye-rostral. Umbala wesithambeka ungaba yi-monophonic noma wehluke ngephethini ethile. Kusuka kumathoni akhanyayo kuya ku-brown, grey, mnyama, ngisho nazo zonke izinhlobo zamabala noma zipendwe. Imibala egqamile engahle ihlanganiswe emzimbeni we-stingray, noma ukufaka imibala kusho ubumbano oluphelele nemvelo ukuze kufihlwe ezansi ekujuleni.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Isikimu sombala wesilwane sincike ikakhulu endaweni yezindawo ezihlala kuyo.

Iningi lazo linama-spiky noma ama-prickly formings ngaphezulu kwenyama. Ezinye izinhlobo ziqhosha umsila ongakhipha ukungasebenzi kukagesi okubuthakathaka. Imisebe ejwayelekile (iRajidae), etholakala kakhulu emhlabeni, inamaphiko amabili asemsileni emsileni. Ama-skates ezinhlobo ze-Arynchobatidae anayo eyodwa, kanti u-Anacanthobatidae awunazo nhlobo. Imilomo kanye nokuvuleka kwe-gill yazo zonke izinhlobo zitholakala ohlangothini olungezansi lomzimba. Futhi, zonke izinhlobo zihlanganiswa ngendlela yokuzala, zivame ukubeka amaqanda, ezivame ukutholakala emabhishi, zideze futhi zivikelwe ngamakhreyithi anesikhumba.

Isakhiwo esingajwayelekile somzimba womthambeka kuholele ekutheni ukuvuleka okuyinhloko nezitho zangaphandle kuthuthele endizeni ephansi. Kule ngxenye yomzimba kunomlomo obanzi onezimbobo ezinhlangothini. Ngokubukeka, afana namehlo amahle wesilwane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunjalo. Amachashazi asebenza njenge-splatter. Ngenxa yalokhu kuvuleka, i-ramp ingaphefumula, inciphise amanzi kuzo ukuze kungene amanye ama-gill. Amehlo ngokwawo asendaweni yendiza ephezulu yomzimba.Ubukhulu bawo buhlukahluka kusuka kokukhulu kuya kokuncane nokungabonakali ngokuphelele lapho kufihlwe esibayeni sesikhumba, ngokwesibonelo, njengethambeka elingaboni.

Isinqumo esingajwayelekile kangako sokwakheka komzimba wethambeka siphoqelelwa ukuba sidilize izitho zokubhukuda zesilwane. Ama-anal fin ancishisiwe, ama-pectoral akha indiza eyodwa enkulu ehamba nomzimba, efana kakhulu namaphiko enyoni. Ukuhamba kwabo kuyefana nenqubo yokundiza kwezinyoni. I-ramp ngasikhathi sinjalo ibakhulisa, bese behlisa ngobumnene. Yilesi sici esinikeza ukuhamba okuhamba kahle kakhulu, kanye nekhono lokuhamba ngokushesha nokugxumela emanzini ngaphandle kokuphakama kwamamitha ambalwa.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezisebenzisa ama-pectoral fins. Amanye amathambeka ahamba ngosizo lokuhamba kwemisipha yemisipha. Ngale ndlela, izinhlanzi ezinamaphiko amancane we-pectoral angatholakalanga ziphoqelelwa ukuba zihambahamba.

Futhi, ngokuya ngezinhlobo nendawo yokuhlala, osayizi be-stingrays nabo bayahluka. Ummeli omncane kunabo bonke babahlali basolwandle afinyelela ubude bamasentimitha ayi-15. Igama lakhe Indian Indian stingray. Ummeleli omkhulu udeveli wasolwandle, futhi uyi-manta ray. Lesi silwane sifinyelela ngosayizi ukusuka kumamitha ayi-6 kuye kwayi-7, sinesisindo esingamathani amabili nengxenye. Inhlanzi enjalo ingasichitha isikebhe sokudoba. Yize kukodwa kukodwa lokhu, kukhulunywa ngezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu, akubonisi ulaka kumuntu.

Kepha lokhu akuzange kumvimbe ezikhathini zasendulo ekubeni imbangela yokwesaba ukwethuka, ukumboza abasolwandle lapho ephuma emanzini. Umsila wakhe omude owenziwe ngesiswebhu kanye nomzimba omkhulu ngesikhathi sewela emanzini kwenza umsindo wokudutshulwa kukanoni, okwakungelula kodwa ukwesabisa amatilosi angazi lutho.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Ama-Stingrays - izilwane ezijwayelekile emhlabeni jikelele. Zitholakala zombili ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Abanye babo bathuthela amabanga amade ngonyaka, kanti abanye baphikisana nalokho. Abanye abashiyi amanzi afudumele, abanye ngenkani bakhetha ukuzulazula emifudlaneni ebandayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi yizilwane ezihlala zodwa, zivame ukutholakala zakhiwa ngamaqoqo amakhulu.

Ziphinde zihlale ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene. I-ramp ingaphila ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-2700, kanye nasemanzini angajulile. Ukufana okuyinhloko kwendawo yokuhlala kuhlala ikakhulukazi phansi. Ama-stingrays athanda ukuzingcwaba ngokoqobo ekuqongeleleni kwe-silt noma ngesihlabathi phansi. Ukuma kwabo okuyisicaba komzimba kulungele kakhulu indawo yokuhlala ye-benthic. Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi zilwane zihlala olwandle olunosawoti kanye nolwandle, futhi yizinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezithole imizimba yamanzi entsha. Ungesabi ukubhukuda uqhele kude nolwandle futhi phansi kuphela imisebe yama-manta. Ubukhulu baso obukhulu abunasizathu sokuba isilwane sikhathazeke.

I-dimorphism yezocansi

Lezi zilwane ziveze i-dimorphism yezocansi. Owesilisa uhluke kakhulu kowesifazane ngisho nasebusaneni. Konke kukhulunywa ngezitho zangasese, ezisezinkhombeni zamaphiko we-ventral we-stingray. Ebuntwaneni, amelelwa amashubhu amancane angahambi kahle; ngesikhathi sokuthomba, amashubhu athola uhlobo lwama-tubules amade, afinyelela amasentimitha ambalwa kubantu abaphakathi.

Isilinganiso se-Stingray

Ama-stingrays angabadli ngokwemvelo. Abameleli abancane kuphela bezilwane, ngobukhulu bazo, abaphoqelelwa ukuba badle i-plankton, ama-mollus amancane, ama-octopus kanye nezibungu. Imizila eseleyo inyathela inyamazane. I-stingray enkudlwana ingaba yinhlanzi enkulu.

Isibonelo, i-flounder, i-salmon, i-haddock, i-cod, kanye ne-sardines. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi i-ramp enkulu kunazo zonke yi-manta ray, isathane lasolwandle elikhulu kakhulu lidla izinhlanzi ezincane neplankton. Uhlunga ukudla kwakhe ngemigodi yegill ngokusho kwenqubo koshaka whale. Kungakho kungalimazi abantu.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ezinye, izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zibonisa izindlela zokuzingela eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto umama uqobo azinike amathuluzi.Iningi lazo liyakwazi ukuqongelela nokukhipha ngesikhathi esifanele ukucishwa kukagesi okunamandla.

Baqabula inyamazane yabo ngamaphinifa e-pectoral, abese beyibulala ngokushaqeka kukagesi. Ezinhlanzini eziphakathi nendawo, lokhu kwanele. Uma umuntu ebhajwe kumuntu, uzozwa ubuhlungu obukhulu noma, esimweni esibi kakhulu, ukukhubazeka kwesikhashana kwemilenze, okungabulala ngaphansi kwezimo zamanzi. Isithambeka se-sawtooth simba emhlabathini, sisabise futhi sishayela inhlanzi encane ibheke phezulu, ngemuva kwalokho ikushaya ngokucophelela nge-appendage yayo ephakanyiswe ngesimo se-saw, ehlanganisiwe ngezinaliti zombili izinhlangothi. Ezinye izinhlobo ziphishekela inyamazane, emva kwalokho ziyihlaba ngomsila obukhali.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Ama-stingray ayizilwane ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Zombili zingazalela amaqanda futhi zizale izingane. Owesifazane uphonsa amaqanda ku-algae, ukwakheka kwawo okuwavumela ukuba anamathele kuwo ngempumelelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, esikhwameni se-embryo ngayinye kunezintambo ezincane.

Inani lamawundlu kowesifazane oyedwa kuya ngesimo esithile. Isibonelo, i-manta ray izala ikhubalo elilodwa kuphela ngesikhathi, enesisindo esingama-kilogramu ayi-10. Abanye bakhiqiza okuningi. Ngomjikelezo owodwa wokuzala, isilwane esidala singabekela amaqanda ama-5 kuye kwangama-50. Ukuthuthukiswa kombungu kuyahlukahluka.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Izinhlobo zezinyoni ezikhula emzimbeni wakhe zikhulisa imibungu ekhondweni elifana nesibeletho sesilwane esanyisayo. Ukudla okunempilo kubo nakho kuza ngayo, ngezinqubo zayo ezikhethekile.

Fry esebenzayo, eyakhiwe futhi esebenzayo izalwa ngenxa yokuzalwa zombili. Abanye babo banamandla okuqongelela imali kagesi.

Izitha zemvelo

Izinga lokuphepha kwama-stingrays nalo lincike ohlotsheni lwawo, noma ngokuqondile - ubukhulu bawo. Ukuzola okuphelele kulo mcimbi kungagabisa kuphela i-manta - usathane wasolwandle. Ubukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele benza ukuba sikwazi ukuhlela cishe ukuphepha kwephesenti elilodwa. Amacala aqhelelene nokuqothuka abamba kuphela abadobi "abanesibindi", ngoba inyama yalezi zinhlanzi ibhekwa njengokudla okubabayo emikhakheni eminingi yomhlaba.

Amanye ama-stingrays aphoqeleka ukuba anakekele ukuphepha kwawo, ngoba ajwayele ukuba yizisulu zabashaka kanye nezinye izitha ezinkulu zasolwandle. Futhi lezi zinhlanzi zivikelekile kunoma ngubani. Izinhlobo zikagesi “ziqothuka” ngokuphuma kwamuva, ezinye ze-pelagic zinethemba lokushayeka okukhulu nangejubane, labo abahlala ezansi bakhetha ukungaphumeli kuze kube sebusuku.

Futhi, ama-stingray aguqulwa ngomdwebo. Iningi lazo linesisu esikhanyayo - lihambisana nokubukwa kwesibhakabhaka kusuka ngezansi, nombala womzimba ongaphezulu ngombala wangaphansi kwendawo yokuhlala okuhlala kuyo.

Ama-stingrays abhekwa njenge ayingozi kakhulu kwabenzi bokubi. Ukukhethwa kwezikhali kucacile kusuka egameni. Umsila obukhali walolu hlobo unama-cell anobuthi angakhubaza izicubu zomthambo zomuntu, wehlise umfutho wegazi ngezinye izikhathi, futhi futhi uholele kwezinye izinhlobo zokukhubazeka komzimba. Ubuthi bale nhlanzi, okungenani, bungadala ukugabha isikhathi eside.

Ukwakheka nezakhiwo

IStrayray yinhlanzi engajwayelekile. Ukuvela kwayo kungumzimba owenziwe isicaba, ngaphezulu kombala omnyama, ngaphansi kokukhanya. Futhi ngaphansi kukhona umlomo, impumulo kanye nezifo zenhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ramp ayinawo amaphiko e-caudal, kepha inomsila. Futhi into emangalisa kakhulu ukuthi ama-stingrays izinhlanzi ezingakushaqisa. Kodwa-ke, lapho kulungiswa i-ramp kuphela kusetshenziswa izingxenye zayo ezingemuva, okungukuthi amaphiko. Banokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Ingalungiswa ngezindlela ezihlukile: bhaka kuhhavini, futhi gazinga, wenze amasobho. Inyama ye-Stingray iqukethe amavithamini namaminerali amaningi. IVithamini A izosiza ukuthuthukisa umbono, uVitamin C - unempahla elwa nokuvuvukala, futhi uVithamini D uthinta ukukhula nokukhula okufanele kwamathambo. I-Potassium ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, futhi i-zinc isiza ukuvuselela amaseli esikhumba. IStrayray iyisibiliboco, inyama ethambile, nethambile ye-stingray igcwele ngamaprotheni asezingeni eliphakeme, azosiza ukugaya namathumbu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-stingray yinhlanzi enekhalori ephansi elungele abantu abaningi.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Ezinye izinhlobo zeziketi zibanjwa ngokuthengisa ngenxa yamaphiko azo amnandi. Kukholelwa kabanzi ukuthi amaphiko wezinhlwayi ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile afana nama-scallops ukunambitha, ngakho-ke abanjwa ngesihluku esebenzisa izicwilisa.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ngeshwa, i-ramp uqobo ayiwona umgomo wokugcina. Amaphiko awo angasetshenziswa nokuheha lapho ukudoba ama-lobster.

Ngaphezu kwezokudotshwa kwezimboni, ama-stingrays ajwayele ukuwela enetheni njengokubanjiswa. Ezinye izinhlobo zithathwa njengezingaphezulu kakhulu futhi zivikelwe ezingeni lesifundazwe, ngokwesibonelo, e-United States. Kunezinhlelo zokuphatha ukuvikela ama-stingrays ngezindlela ezinjengemikhawulo yokudoba kanye nemikhawulo yokudoba.

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori nenani lomsoco ngamagremu ayikhulu

Izendlalelo ezingenhla zomphakathi zithanda ukusebenzisa lesi sidlo, ngoba i-stingray iyinhlanzi ebalulekile. Kodwa-ke, isibindi, amaphiko nesikhumba kuphela ezibalulekile kuma-stingrays. Isibindi sicebile ngamavithamini amaningi nezinto ezizuzisayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanzi i-stingray iqukethe usizo kakhulu ohlelweni lwesisu se-musculoskeletal, umuthi ngamaprotheni. Kuyasiza ukwakha amathambo nemisipha, futhi ukuntuleka kwalesi sakhi kungaholela ekutheni isifo samathambo kanye nomsipha, kanye nezinkinga nohlelo lwenhliziyo. Phakathi kokunye, umkhiqizo uqukethe ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ngokulinganayo. Lawa amaminerali. Banomthelela ekusebenzeni kangcono komzimba wonke. Abantu abaphethwe yi-metabolism ampofu kufanele futhi bafake lokhu kudla kwasolwandle ekudleni kwabo. Enye indishi izoba wusizo kulabo abanokuqukethwe kwe-iodine okuphansi emzimbeni. Abantu abahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme baphinde balulekwe ukuba badle izinhlanzi ezi-stingray. Akukulimazi ukufaka ekudleni umkhiqizo walabo abaphethwe yi-atherosclerosis. Futhi amafutha enhlanzi aqukethe ama-omega-3 nama-omega-6 fatty acids, angenza i-cholesterol ibe ngokwejwayelekile futhi asuse ngokweqile emzimbeni. Labo abahlushwa ukugayeka kabi bayalulekwa ukuba nabo badle izinhlanzi ezi-stingray. Kuzoholela ukuthi amathumbu asebenze kahle futhi enze nokujwayelekile i-stool. Nazi izimfanelo eziningi eziwusizo zalokhu kudla okumnandi! Noma kunjalo, kukhona ama-contraindication. Kungcono ukulahla ukusetshenziswa kwale nhlanzi kulabo abahlushwa yisifo se-peptic ulcer kanye ne-gastritis engamahlalakhona. Futhi inhlanzi ingadala ukusabela komzimba, kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu.

Ama-stingrays a-superorder yezinhlanzi ezinama-cartilaginous, ezibandakanya ama-oda ayi-5 nemindeni eyi-15. Okokuqina, amaphini we-pectoral nomzimba omncane osicaba afakwa nekhanda. Iningi le-stingrays lihlala olwandle. Isayensi yazi izinhlobo eziningana zamanzi ahlanzekile. Umbala wengxenye ephezulu yomzimba wabo kuncike lapho kuhlala khona impela ama-stingrays. Kamuva kungaba mnyama noma kukhanye kakhulu.

Ubungako beziketi buyehluka kusuka ngamasentimitha ambalwa kuya kumamitha amaningana, amaphiko ezinye izikejana angaba amamitha angaphezu kwamabili (ngokwesibonelo, amasiketi aqhamuka emndenini ongaboli). Izintambo zikagesi zinikezwe “isikhali” esithile. Lezi zingqimba zikhubazisa isisulu sazo ngosizo lokukhishwa kukagesi. Ama-stingrays angatholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Zitholakala nasogwini lwe-Antarctica nase-Arctic Ocean. Kungcono ukubuka irempu "ezindizayo" ogwini lwase-Australia.

Ama-Stingray izihlobo zabashaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okulandelayo kwesihlobo. Ukufana kwangaphandle, vele, akubonwa. Ngokwesakhiwo sangaphakathi, ama-stingrays kanye noshaka awakhiwa amathambo, kepha yi-cartilage. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-stingrays ayefana noshaka hhayi kuphela ekwakhiweni kwabo kwangaphakathi, kodwa nasezimpawu zabo zangaphandle. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sibashintshe ngokungaziwa.

Ama-stingrays izinhlanzi zasendulo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso - enye yezinhlanzi ezindala, njengoshaka. Skates inohlelo oluhlukile lokuphefumula. Kungani ihlukile, ngoba zonke ezinye izinhlanzi ziphefumula ngama-gill.Kodwa-ke, uma i-ramp izama ukwenza into efanayo, khona-ke, kanye nomoya, yayizodonsa esihlabathini esilele phansi. Kungakho umoya we-stingrays uhlukile nomoya wezinye izinhlanzi. Umoya ungena ku-stingray ngokusebenzisa izifutho ezikhethekile. Lezi zokugcina zingasemuva kwale nhlanzi. Izifafaza zivikelwe ne-valve ekhethekile, kepha uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ukuthi ezinye izinhlayiya ezingaphandle zisabonakala kulezi zifafaza, umugqa ukhululwa kuwo ngokukhulula umfudlana wamanzi kulowo owesifafaza.

Ama-stingrays ayizinhlobo zezimvemvane ezintantayo. Ukufanekisa okunjalo kungadonswa ngokususelwa ekutheni izintambo zihamba kanjani emanzini. Zibuye zahlukile ngoba azisebenzisi umsila lapho zibhukuda, njengoba kwenza ezinye izinhlanzi. Ama-stingrays ahamba ngenxa yokuhamba kwamaphiko, ngenkathi kufana nezimvemvane.

Ama-stingrays ahlukile komunye nomunye. Okokuqala, ngosayizi. Imvelo yaziwa ngama-stingrays akala amasentimitha ambalwa nama-stingrays, osayizi bawo afinyelela kumamitha ayi-7. Okwesibili, imithambeka ehlukene nayo iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Amanye ama-stingraw awanandaba, ngokwesibonelo, agxuma ngaphezulu kwamanzi, kuyilapho iningi lalezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukuchitha isikhathi zingcwatshwe esihlabathini.

UDeveli olwandle uyindlela eyisimangaliso. Ukhuthaza amatilosi ukuthi aqambe izinganekwane ezimangalisa kakhulu. Impela ubuyokwazi! Uma ungasicabanga isithombe lapho into ethile engamamitha ayisikhombisa ivele ivele emanzini olwandle imizuzwana embalwa (futhi lento imane nje idimoni lolwandle noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, i-manta ray), enesisindo esidlula amathani amabili, ke amatilosi angaqondakala kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba iqiniso lokuthi ngemuva komzuzwana lesi sikhulu siphinde singene ekujuleni kolwandle, sikhombise amatilosi umsila okhombe ngophakathi.

UDeveli wasolwandle uyisidalwa esiphephile. Naphezu kobukhulu obukhulu bawo wonke ama-ramp, le ramp ayifakwa nganoma yimaphi amandla kagesi, ayinazikhala namazinyo acwebezelayo. Futhi umsila ophakeme, okhunjulwa amatilosi, nawo awunazo izikhali. UDeveli wasolwandle unomuntu onobuhle obuhle, kepha akabathinti abantu nhlobo. Amademoni olwandle atholakala kuzo zonke izilwandlekazi ezishisayo. Zingabonakala ebusweni bamanzi, nangobukhulu bawo, futhi ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayisigamu nesigamu ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Ngendlela, inhloso "yokugxuma" udeveli wolwandle ephuma emanzini ayaziwa ngokuthembekile.

UDeveli wasolwandle unambitha okuhle. Bathe inyama yakhe ayinamnandi nje kuphela, kepha futhi inempilo. Ezincwadini zasendulo ungathola incazelo yezindlela zokupheka ezinedemon yasolwandle. Ukuzingela le stingray kuphela okuphephile futhi kunzima. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, udeveli wasolwandle kalula, ngokwesibonelo, angaguqula isikebhe. Futhi kungani ubulale lokhu kudalwa okungokwemvelo okungokwemvelo, ikakhulukazi uma ubheka iqiniso lokuthi insikazi iletha iwundlu elilodwa kuphela. Kuliqiniso, ubukhulu bokugcina bumangalisa kakhulu, kepha-ke, buyisisindo, okuyinto ngokwesilinganiso ngesikhathi sokuzalwa lilingana namakhilogremu ayishumi.

I-stingray kagesi yinhlanzi esesabekayo. Empeleni, kubi kakhulu ukwedlula, ngokwesibonelo, udeveli wolwandle. Iqiniso ngukuthi amaseli we-ramp kagesi (abizwa nangokuthi yi-kawaida noma ngemabula) angakhiqiza ugesi aze afike ku-220V (yiqiniso, igama lale ramp livela lapha). Futhi yeka ukuthi bangaki abahlukahlukene abonakaliswa amandla kagesi alezi zihlahlana! Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi zonke izintambo ziyakwazi ukukhipha ugesi, kepha hhayi ngezinga elifanayo nerempu kagesi. I-ramp kagesi ibisaziwa isikhathi eside. Ubukhulu bayo bunganqunywa ngokulandelayo: cishe amamitha elilodwa nesigamu ubude nemitha ububanzi. Inesisindo esisuka kumakhilogremu amabili nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amathathu. Umzimba ongaphezulu umbozwe imithambo emhlophe nemhlophe, lapho ama-shades engahluka khona.

I-stingray yesifazane izala amawundlu bukhoma. Amabele angamatshumi ayisishiyagalombili nane angazalwa ngasikhathi. Kwakunjalo ukuthi uma okungenani ingozi ethile isongela amawundlu, insikazi ibayise emlonyeni wayo. Amawundlu akhona kuze kube yilapho ingozi iphelile.Kepha njengamanje, le datha ayikaqinisekiswa.

Izintambo zikagesi ziyizidalwa ezivilaphayo. Kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, imithambeka yemabula inamandla akhethekile, okuwukuthi umthambeka ungenza noma iyiphi inhlanzi inganyakazi kuphela ngokuyithinta. Ngenxa yaleli khono eliyingqayizivele, i-ramp ayidingi ukuhamba ngokushesha - i-burging esihlabathini, ilindela nje ukuphangwa. Ukubhukuda kwezinhlanzi eduze kwama-stingrays angashintshi kusheshe kube ukulala futhi ukubulala. Eduze ne-marble stingray, inhlanzi ingafa nokufa. Abadobi bayazi ngaleli khono eliyingqayizivele le-ramp, amandla alo ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi afinyelele ezandleni futhi enze amanetha akhishwe. Ubuthi be-stingray ephilayo iyakwazi ukungena emzimbeni womuntu noma ngabe uyithinta ngenduku. Ramp efile iphephile ngokuphelele.

IMarble stingray ishaya ngamabomu ukushaqeka kukagesi ngamabomu. AmaSokisi anamandla ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwamanzi. Uma i-ramp idakiwe, kulula ukuyiphoqa ukuthi iphindaphinde ukwethuka kukagesi amahlandla amaningi. Ngosizo lwezinto zikagesi, imithambeka yemabula ivikelekile ezitheni futhi ikhiphe ukudla.

Isikhali se-stingrays ngumsila waso. Yile ndlela nje enamathela emhlatshelweni wayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-ramp idonsa umsila emuva. Inxeba lesisulu liyadwengulwa ngenxa yokuthi umsila wempisi ugcwele ngameva. I-Thistle ramp ayihlaseli nje kanjalo, ingena kulokho kuphela ngenhloso yokuzivikela. Futhi ekudleni kokudla kwama-stingrays kukhona ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks, angagaywanga ngama-stingrays ngamazinyo, kepha nge-platinamu ekhethekile kanye nemikhondo.

Angiphunyuki emehlweni izinsuku eziningana, ngoba nginesikhathi sokuthengisa amaphupho! Waphupha isikhathi eside ngokuphila ogwini lolwandle. Hhayi, hhayi eholidini kuphela, kodwa "bukhoma".
Ngakho-ke kwenzeka - futhi ngakho konke ukubonga kumngane wami uTanya (http://audiourokidarom.ru), wangitholela ifulethi e-Alushta ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama.

Ukubukwa kolwandle oluhle kusuka kuvulandi yegumbi lami: ngihlangana nokusa nsuku zonke futhi ngiphuza ikhofi endaweni yesikhulumi engenhla kolwandle. O, angizikholelwa ukuthi into enjalo ingenzeka!

Kuliqiniso, ngifikelwa yizijeziso, futhi ngokuya ngohlelo oluphelele, ngizokutshela okuthile. Manje sikhuluma ngeyethu, mayelana "nentombazane" - kanjani izinhlanzi ezi-stingray.

Izinhlanzi ze-Stingray lapha "abahloniphi", badla kanzima futhi bambiza nge-fox. Ibanjwa enetheni, bese abadobi beyithengisa ngemali enamahloni, noma bayinike kanjalo nje. Kusihlwa, “osizwayo” wethu uyabuza (uVolodya usiqashisela indawo yokuhlala) uma singathanda ukuzama impungushe.

Ngemuva kokudideka okuncane nezincazelo ezilandelayo, samemeza kakhulu "funa, funa! "- Futhi njengoba zhezh, exotic!

Ongazange adle izinhlanzi ze-stingray akanamandla okuthola unswinyo!

UVolodya uyabuza: uzohlanza? Siyajabula: "Sizoba khona! "Kodwa lapho simbona!

Bheka, siyikho saw .

Ngamagama nje, uVolodya uyihlanze ogwini enohlobo lwensimbi yesilisa bese ikhwela - ijika - ngezwi, lezi zinsimbi kanye nekhwela kunika amanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Uyinqume (wakhipha isibindi, wasika amaphinifa, kepha akasisusanga isikhumba, ngoba sasingazosiwola), nathi-ke.

Isibindi se-Stingray sithathwa njengento enhle futhi emnandi kunazo zonke ku-stingray.
Kumele kukhishwe ngokucophelela ukuze i-blallder ingaqhume!

Isibindi se-Stingray (500-700 g)
Amaqanda ama-4-5 (ama-yolks kuphela)
I-anyanisi eyi-1
½ tbsp anyanisi okupheka uwoyela
usawoti kanye nopelepele ukunambitha

• Yehlisa isibindi emanzini abilayo ( kudingeka amanzi amaningi ukuze isibindi simbozwe ).

• Bilisa imizuzu engama-5-7 ( kuya ngosayizi wesibindi ).

• Bilisa amaqanda, amakhasi bese ususa izikhupha. ( Musa ukuphonsa ama-squirrels - azokuza kahle ).
• Cola u-anyanisi kanye gazinga kuze kufike kancane kwegolide - umnsalo kufanele uthambe .
• Lahla isibindi esiphelile ku-colander bese uvumela ukuphola.
• Grind yonke imikhiqizo esitsheni sinye ngemfoloko kunamathisela.
• Isikhathi.
• Faka esiqandisini.

Khonza ngesinkwa esinsundu.

Ukunameka kuthandeka ngemuva kokuqina esiqandisini.

Kungani sidinga isibindi se-cod uma unesibindi se-stingray!

I-Stingray (ehlutshiwe futhi yasikwa yaba izicucu) ingatholwa, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezi-2 siyisifiso.

Okokuqala, asinandawo yokudoba, futhi okwesibili, i-ramp, njengoba sitshelwe, ilungele kuphela i-aspic. Hhayi, sasikholwa ngabantu bendawo iBlack Sea.

1 ramp (izingcezu)
anyanisi
Izaqathe ezi-2-3
ucezu lwezimpande ze-celery
abamhlophe beqanda abilisiwe
iqabunga le-bay, usawoti kanye nopelepele
i-gelatin

• Emanzini abilayo, gcobhoza ama-chunks we-stingray (amanzi agcobhozayo) nemifino emachunwini amakhulu.
• Pheka amahora ayi-1.5.
• Faka iqabunga le-bay ekugcineni.
• Vumela ukupholile.
• Susa inyama uyihlukanise.
• Hlela izitsha ezabiwe.
• Faka amaprotheni, i-dill encane kanye izaqathi emibuthanweni.
• Shisisa bese usika umhluzi.
• Gxilisa i-gelatin.
• Kala umhluzi (besine-1 litre yomhluzi kanye namaphakethe ama-2 e-gelatin).
• Chaza i-gelatin evuvukala emhluzi ofudumele.
• Thela umhluzi.

Umndeni wePuffer / uRajidae

Ama-stingrays noma ama-stingrays ama-rhombic akha i-8 genera nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100. Zibonakaliswa yi-disk ebanzi, enesimo se-rhomboid esingaphezulu noma esingaphansi futhi esivame ukumbozwa nge-spikes enkulu kanye nemijikelezo emincane. Amaphiko we-pectoral afinyelela i-snout noma ahlangane phambi kwayo. Amaphisi we-Dorsal, njengomthetho, amabili. I-caudal fin incishiselwa esibayeni esincane se-membranous, futhi kubantu abadala kwesinye isikhathi asikho ngokuphelele. Izinhlobo eziningi zinezitho zikagesi ezihlolisisa ezinhlangothini zomsila. Umuntu oqinile kakhulu, ubudala, kanye nokwehluka kocansi kujwayelekile kuma-stingray ama-rhombic. Intsha iyabonakala ngokuhlukile kubantu abadala ngokulingana komzimba, izinga lokuphamba, ukwakheka kwamazinyo nezinye izici. Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa futhi babe ne-disk ebanzi enomgogodla othuthukisiwe. Le misebe yande olwandle nasolwandle. Zimpawu ikakhulukazi zamanzi abandayo (e-Arctic nase-Antarctic) kanye nasezifundeni ezifudumele kahle, kodwa futhi zenzeka emgudwini wethropiki, lapho zihlala khona ekujuleni okukhulu. Iningi lezinhlobo zalo mndeni liphakathi kwezakhamizi zamanzi angajulile ngasogwini, kepha kukhona nezindlela ezinamanzi ajulile. Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ziyaziwa, ikakhulukazi, kusuka ekujuleni okungaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-2000. Izitimela zeRhombus azifinyeleli ebukhulu obukhulu. Ukuphakama okuphelele kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kungukuthi, njengomthetho, ebangeni elisusela ku-35 kuye ku-180 cm. Kuliqiniso, elikhulu kunawo wonke amathambeka aseYurophu - umthambeka obushelelezi (iRaja batis) - lingafinyelela ku-2,5 m ubude nangaphezulu ngamamitha ayi-1.5 ububanzi ngesisindo 60-74 kg. Onke amalungu alo mndeni aphindaphindwa, ebeka amaqanda afakwe kufokotho lophondo ezansi. I-capsule enjalo ipendiwe nge-chestnut emnyama, nsundu noma emnyama futhi inesimo se-quadrangular futhi ifakwe izinqubo ze-tubular emakhoneni, okuthi kwezinye izinhlobo zinokuphakama okukhulu. Usebenzisa lezi zinqubo, i-capsule inamathiselwe phansi. Njengoba ukubonwa kwe-aquarium kukhombisile, insikazi imvamisa ibeka amaqanda ngababili ngokunqatshelwa kwezinsuku eziyi-1-5, kanti nesikhathi esiphelele sokuzala singaba eside kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyaqhubeka izinyanga ezimbalwa zilandelana. Inani eliphelele lamaphilisi abambezelekile, ngokusobala, ahlukahluka kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile, kusukela ku-4-5 kuya ku-50 noma ngaphezulu. I-Egg incubation ihlala izinyanga ezi-4 kuye kwezingu-14. Imisebe ye-Rhombic ingeyenombolo yezinhlanzi ezingaphansi. Bethukile, bavame ukucindezelwa ngamandla emhlabathini, futhi umbala wabo, njengeflounder, ungahlukahluka ngokuya ngemibala yendawo abelele kuyo. Indawo oyithandayo yalezi zinhlanzi ingamasanti abushelelezi noma phansi. Ngesikhathi sasemini, imizila imvamisa ayisebenzi futhi ilele ngokuzithoba phansi, kwesinye isikhathi igaya inhlabathi kangangoba amehlo kuphela, amathe nolunye uhlangothi lwasemuva luhlala ebusweni. Lapho bemba, basebenzisa ama-pectoral fins ukuze baphonse isihlabathi emhlane wabo. Ngasikhathi sinye, le mithambeka ihlala ikhuphuka ikholamu yamanzi, iphishekela inyamazane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibonwa nangaphezulu. Lapho ubhukuda, azulaza amaphiko awo e-pectoral, njengamaphiko, futhi, uma kudingekile, angahamba ngokushesha okukhulu.Lapho uzingela inyamazane entantayo, ama-stingrays awakwazi ukuyibamba ngenxa yokuhlaselwa okuqondile, ngoba ukuvula umlomo kusendaweni engezansi yekhanda. Kulokhu, aqala ukuntantamela phezulu kwesinyamazane sawo, abese esicindezela phansi futhi agwinye. Imigwaqo ye-Rhombic ijwayelekile emanzini ethu asenyakatho. Ezilwandle ezigeza ogwini olusenyakatho neRussia, kunezinhlobo eziyi-7 zalo mndeni, olwandle lwethu oluseFar East - cishe izinhlobo eziyi-10, oLwandle Olumnyama - 1 uhlobo.

I-Stingray shark / Rhynchobatus djiddensis

I-Stingray / Raja radiata

Amaphaphu weqanda walesi zinhlobo mancane (ubude bawo abudluli kuma-68 mm), futhi izinqubo ze-tubular ezisemagumbini azo zinobude obuhlukile: ngakolunye uhlangothi kunophawu "lwezimpondo" ezinde, ngakolunye - ukuphuma okufishane. Imithambeka emincane evelile kumaphabhulikhi inobude obungaba ngu-10 cm. Umthambeka omise inkanyezi yinhlanzi eyizingela efuna ukudla ezansi kanye nasezingxenyeni ezingaphansi zamanzi ngosizo lwe-olfaction. Ukudla kwawo kuqukethe izinhlanzi (i-capelin, i-gerbil, i-cod, i-haddock, i-flounder, njll.) Kanye nama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene. Lesi sithambeka simbiwa ngesikhathi sokudotshwa kwe-trawl, kodwa oLwandle iBarents alunakubaluleka okukhulu njengento yokudoba.

Isikhumba fox / Raja clavata

Ukuzala kwenzeka ehlobo, kanti insikazi ibekela amaqanda amaningana, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-4,5-5,5. Izingane ezincaniwe zinobude obungamamitha ayi-12-16 ubude nobubanzi obuyi-8 cm. Ukubaluleka komnotho kwalesi stingray emanzini ethu akubalulekile, kodwa eNyakatho yolwandle kwenza ukubamba okuthile ngokudoba.

Umthambeka womfula / i-motamotrygon motoro

Isithambeka sendawo / Rhinobatos schlegeli

I-ramp kagesi / i-Torpedo marmorata

I-ramp kagesi ijwayelekile kakhulu ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean naseLwandle iMedithera. Ama-gnusi ahlala phesheya kwezilwandle ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezingamanzi amancane futhi ezifudumele kuzo zonke izilwandle futhi atholakala emanzini angajulile osogwini aze afinyelele kumamitha ayi-500. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zifinyelela kubude obuyi-1.8 m nesisindo sama-90 kg. Lezi zintaba ezihamba kancane, ezintantayo, zihlala phansi, zigqitshwe ngesihlabathi noma ngesilika. Zidla ngawo womabili ama-invertebrates (ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, izikelemu) nezinhlanzi (esiswini sezinsini zathola i-flounder, i-eels, i-salmon enesisindo esingama-2 kg, oshaka).

I-stingray enobuthi

I-Stingray - i-stingray ingeyomndeni wezinhlobo ezingama-30. Lomthambeka ufinyelela amamitha amabili ubude namamitha amahlanu ububanzi. Umsila uhlome ngemikhumbi ebukhali emibili kuya kane, efana namazinyo, iyizindawo zokuphuma zamapuleti aqinile. Emithambekeni amakhulu, ispike sifinyelela osayizi abangama-40 cm ubude, endaweni ethule imbozwe ngesembozo esinesikhumba, esimboza izindlala ezinobuthi. I-ramp ifaka i-spike lapho ihlasela isisulu sayo, isembozo sidonswa emuva bese kuvela isidlali esinobuthi esinezimbali ezimbili. Isisulu sishaywa ngameva bese ubuthi bungena esilondeni salowo ohlukunyeziwe, kwesinye isikhathi ameva aqhekeka lapho eshaywa futhi aqhubeke enxebeni lowobubi. Iziteleka ze-spike ziqinile kangangokuba zingakwazi ukwephula izicathulo ze-bather engenandaba noma i-wetsuit yokubhukuda.

I-ramp ngeke isebenzise isikhali sayo kubantu. Izingozi eziningi zenzeka ngenxa yokungakhathaleli kwabantu uqobo. I-ramp ingavalwa ngokuphelele, futhi isikhathi esiningi umuntu ngaphandle kokuqaphela iba yinto yokuhlaselwa. Ukuhamba emanzini angajulile, udale umsindo ngezinyawo zakho, le nqubo izoyesabisa irempu futhi izoshiya indawo yayo. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kuthathwe ngabaphambukeli be-scuba ababhukuda phansi kakhulu baphakamise izinto ezahlukahlukene.

Amanxeba okuqina abuhlungu impela, aphilise isikhathi eside, futhi abangela ukutheleleka okukhulu. Iliva eliyi-stingray lingabhoboza imbobo yegazi enkulu; kunokuba nzima ukumisa igazi kulokhu, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi okukhulu. Ubuthi be-stingray obuwele enxebeni bubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukuqina, ukuphefumula kanye nenhliziyo kusebenza kuyaphazamiseka. Amacala abulalayo ayivelakancane - avela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi, i-myocardial necrosis, i-tetanus.

Uma uthola ukushayeka ngesigaxa se-stingray, khona manjalo umise igazi, ubeke le ndawo ethintekile emanzini ashisayo. Isilonda kufanele sihlanzwe futhi sifakwe inzalo.Kuyadingeka ukwenza i-anesthesia yendawo futhi ususe izinsalela zameva. Kwesinye isikhathi kufanele usebenzise usizo lodokotela ohlinzayo.

Izinhlanzi zikagesi

Umndeni ongajwayelekile wama-stingrays ngama-stingrays kagesi, ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-30 ezidliwayo. Ramp kagesi inezitho zikagesi ezinamandla, zitholakala phambi komzimba nasezinhlangothini. Lezi zitho zinama-disc amaningi enziwe kahle, okuyiyo esikhumbuza uju lwezinyosi. Ithambeka ngalinye lalolu hlobo linama-disc angama-375 agcwele into efana ne-jelly. Le ndlela ingakhiqiza okwamanje okufika kuma-volts angama-220. Ramp ibamba inyamazane yayo ngamaphiko futhi ikhubazeka inyamazane yayo ngomtshingo onamandla kagesi. Ukwakheka komzimba, ukwakheka okuyindilinga.

Ama-Stingrays - kubakaki

Omunye ummeleli wama-stingrays yi-stingray - bracken. Lomthambeka ufinyelela kububanzi obufika kumamitha ayi-2,5 nesisindo esingama-kilogremu angama-350. Emsileni omude ofanele, kutholakala izinhlungu eziningi ezinobuthi. Le ramp ithanda isimo sezulu sasolwandle esishisayo nesishisayo.

Kulesi sihloko, sihlangane nezilwane ezingajwayelekile - ama-stingrays, afihliwe emhlabeni wamanzi womhlaba wethu.

Qaphela lapho usemanzini, gwema ukuthintana nalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi ezi-cartilaginous!

Phakathi izinhlanzi ezi-cartilaginous okuyingozi kakhulu stingray . Okubizwa ngokuthi izinhlungu - omunye wemikhaya enkulu kunazo zonke futhi mhlawumbe eyingozi kakhulu yezinhlanzi ezinobuthi zasemanzini.

Umzimba wemisebe uyacwecwa, njengeflounder, ngoba lezi zinhlanzi ziphila impilo ephansi. Ezinhlangothini, zinamaphiko we-pectoral akhula kakhulu, asephenduke ububanzi, akhumbuza amaphiko ekwakhekeni. Ukuhlangana nezinhlangothi zekhanda nefulegi, asiza inhlanzi lapho ibhukuda. Umlomo nokujikijela gill kuvulekile ohlangothini engezansi lomzimba, amehlo asendaweni engenhla.

Ama-stingrays, njengezilwane ezisezansi, aphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, ingxenye enkulu ilele phansi, adla kakhulu ama-mollusks, agedle amagobolondo awo ngamazinyo awo. Ungahlangana kaningi kunabanye stingray enemisebe, prickly stingray nabanye abanye. Imizimba yabo, kanye namaphiko okuma kusuka phezulu, kufana ne-rhombus. Ekujuleni okukhulu kwezilwandle ezishisayo zihlala imithambeka kagesi, umzimba wayo onesimo esiyindilinga, kanye ne-sawfish, efana noshaka osesimweni somzimba futhi ufinyelela amamitha ambalwa ubude. Indawo yokuhlala kwama-stingrays ibanzi. Ama-Stingray angaphila emanzini abandayo e-Arctic ne-Antarctic, nasemanzini afudumele olwandle olushisayo, imvamisa cishe cishe ngasogwini.

Okuhlala eLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya nasePacific - umsila onamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (onobuthi obukhulu kakhulu)

Kunobufakazi bokuthi emngceleni weNyakatho Melika kuphela inani lezisulu zokuhlaselwa, ngokwesilinganiso, ngabantu abangama-750 ngonyaka. Kaningi, abantu balimala ngenxa yokuqina entshonalanga yePacific, ngokwesibonelo, ngasogwini lwaseChina, Korea, Japan kanye naseningizimu yePrimorsky Krai yaseRussia, lapho kuyingozi khona stingray obomvu stingray . Ikati lolwandle futhi kusatshalaliswa kabanzi emanzini asenyakatho-mpumalanga yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, olwandle lweMedithera, olumnyama nolwe-Azov. Ukulimala okuyingozi kakhulu kwenzeka esifubeni nasiswini. Kulaba abalimele, cishe u-1% uyafa.

Ezinye izinhlobo zama-stingr, ngokwesibonelo, imisebe yomfula , akhetha amanzi angajulile - angajulile kumamitha ayi-1. Ahlala emaphethelweni avikelekile emoyeni, kumachibi angajulile, ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi phakathi kwezixhobo zemifula ngisho nemifula. Yonke indawo kulezi zikhala kulula ukuhlangana nazo. Ama-stingrays awanakwa njalo, ngoba emba esihlabathini ukuze amehlo kuphela, ishevu enobuthi nengxenye yomsila kubonakale. Emsileni wemithambeka eminingi, ukusuka kwesinye kuya kwesibili kufakwe izinhlungu ezinobuthi, ubude bawo buya ngohlobo lwesithambeka nosayizi waso.

Isibonelo, i-stingray I-Dasyatis hasata ifinyelela ububanzi obungu-2 m ubude obufanayo nomsila. Phansi komsila kune-spike serated ecishe ibe ngu-40 cm.Ngaphezulu, lesi silwane sinombala ompunga, futhi kusuka ngezansi sinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okukuvumela ukuba uzenzele amanzi. UStrayray uhlala ngotshani basogwini, lapho abamba khona amakhrayoni kanye nemollusks.

U-F. Talyzin ubhala athi: “Cabanga nje, kwenzekani uma ungagxuma esikebheni bese ungena ngesikebhe!” Uzoshaya ngokushesha ngameva, enze isilonda esigoqiwe lapho azofaka khona ubuthi emithanjeni yesikhumba! ”

Emanzini aseMexico akuvamile, kodwa kunesithambeka sikagesi, sikhulu njenge-stingray. Izitho zikagesi zitholakala ezinhlangothini zomzimba phakathi kwekhanda namaphinifa e-pectoral. Amandla kagesi angafika ku-V2, ngamandla ka-8 A. Ukulahlwa okunjalo kungabulala hhayi umuntu kuphela, kepha nesilwane esikhulu. Ye-stingrays nayo iyaziwa i-rhombic stingray elihlala emanzini ukusuka eBritish Columbia kuya eCentral Africa. I-European stingray kaningi ibizwa ngokuthi ikati lolwandle. Uthanda amanzi engxenye esenyakatho-nasempumalanga yoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, ovame ukutholakala oLwandle iMedithera, olwandle i-Indian Ocean. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-stingrays.

Inzalo lekati yasolwandle (i-European stingray, i-Dasyatis pastinaca) ingukufa kwangempela ngokumamatheka - kepha-ke, ubuso obuhlekisayo abulutho kangako njengephethini ohlangothini olungezansi lomzimba, isimilo sezinhlobo zizonke

Emanzini aseCalifornia naseningizimu eMexico kuyatholakala stingray uvemvane , nesithambeka esihle kakhulu sangaphandle - amabreyidi abonakele uhlala oLwandle Olubomvu olushisayo, e-Atlantic, Indian nase Pacific Pacific. Eziningi impela futhi california stingray ukukhetha amanzi aseCalifornia. Kusuka kuma-stingrwater angenamanzi angahlukaniswa iningizimu Melika uhlala emifuleni yaseParaguay naseBrazil. Lokhu kuthambekela kuyingozi kakhulu, maningi amathuba okuthi abantu bafakwe ubuthi ngalesi silwane. Futhi ekugcineni, babalwa phakathi kwemithambeka eminingi futhi round stingray , okuthi, ngokungafani nezinye, inesimo somzimba esiyindilinga nomsila omfishane. Ihlala emanzini aseCalifornia naseningizimu kuneGulf of Panama.

I-Spark ebekiwe - indawo emthambeka enhle yomndeni wakwa-bracken - eyingozi kakhulu neningi

Ukulungiselela amanzi angajulile, ama-stingrays nawo angatholakala eduze namabhishi, okwenza kube yingozi kwababhukuda. Ngokubona isilwane esimbozwe esihlabathini, umuntu angasondela emsileni. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi, i-stingray ayibhukudi kude nomuntu esondela kuyo, ivikelwe kahle yimvelo. Umuntu ongena kuwo uthola ukushayeka okuqinile emlenzeni ngesigaxa esivela ekuhambeni komsila obukhali. Ama-stingrays kaningi kunezinye izinhlanzi ezinobuthi zibangela izingozi, njengoba ziningi kakhulu, zifihlwe kahle ezindaweni zazo eziyithandayo futhi zinezikhali eziqinile zokuvikela.

Umuntu olimele ngokushesha uzwa izinhlungu ezinzima. Okubi kakhulu kubuhlungu obuvela esitelekeni somsila wamanzi amasha. Isisulu singase sehlile ngokuqinile ekucindezelweni kwegazi, ekuhlanzeni kanye nesisu esibuhlungu. Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo kuyabonakala, ukukhubazeka kungaqhamuka. Ngobuthi obunzima, umuntu angafa.

Umgogodla we-seranced wethambeka kulo lonke ubude bawo unamathele esikhunjeni phakathi komsila. Kwesinye isikhathi kunezinhlobo lapho kukhona khona izikhala ezintathu emsileni. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-tenon igcinwa yi-ramp impilo yayo yonke, ngoba akukho bufakazi bokuthi unyaka nonyaka i-tenon yakudala ithathelwa indawo entsha.

Ezinye izizwe zoMdabu zaseMelika zisebenzisa izikhala ezixakile zamazinga okuhlala amanzi ahlanzekile ahlala e-Amazon njengezihloko zemicibisholo ezilungiselelwe ngokwemvelo.

Iliva liqukethe into efana nezicubu zamathambo. Kuhamba imisele eminingana ebusweni bayo. Ukusuka endaweni engaphansi yayo, umsele ojulile nawo ugijima ohlangothini ngalunye lomphetho. Inezicubu ezithambile ezimpunga, ezikhiqiza imfihlo enobuthi.

Isisi se-Stingray ngokuyinhloko siyiprotheni lapho izingcezu eziyishumi ezihlukile noma izingxenye zingahlukaniswa khona. Okungenani ezinhlanu zazo zinobuthi.

Ama-stingrays angamakhaphethi angaphansi kwamanzi, ngoba abiza izinhlanzi ezinama-cartilaginous ngesimo somzimba osicaba. Abamele leli qembu elihlelekile lihlukahlukene kakhulu, ngakho-ke, bahlanganiswe baba ngama-squads ambalwa akha i-superorder Skaty eyodwa. Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-340 zalezi zinhlanzi. Okuhlelekile, konke kusondele koshaka.

Indlela ejwayelekile kagesi (iTorpedo marmorata).

Ngenxa yokugcotshwa okuqinile komzimba, ukuvuleka gill kwalezi zinhlanzi kuthuthele ngokuphelele uhlangothi olungezansi lomzimba. Kukhona nomlomo obanzi. Ukuvuleka okuncane kungabonakala ngasohlangothini lomlomo. Abantu abangazi ukuthi ungazithatha kanjani ngamehlo amancane, eqinisweni, lesi yisihlakala. Ngawo, i-ramp ipompa amanzi ezindaweni ezifakwa gill ukuphefumula. Amehlo angempela atholakala kuma-stingrays emzimbeni ophezulu. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, ubukhulu bawo busukela kokukhulu kuya kokuncane, futhi endaweni eyimpumputhe kagesi, zifihlwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwesikhumba.

Ubuso obuhlekisayo bezimpungushe zasolwandle (iRaja clavata) empeleni abusibo ubuso, kodwa nje ingaphansi kwestingrays.

Ngokuqondene nezinto ezifana nalezi zokwakha, izitho zokunyakaza nazo zenziwe izinguquko. I-anal fin yemisebe isinciphile, futhi amaphenathi akhule kanye nomzimba, aphenduka abe “amaphiko” aphansi. Kwamanye ama-stingrins, amaphiko mancane kakhulu futhi awabambi iqhaza ekunyakazeni, ama-pusher awo aphambili, njengezinye izinhlanzi, umsila wethambo. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ngokungafani nalokho, amaphiko we-pectoral makhulu, kanti nomsila mncane futhi ubuthakathaka. Lapho inhlanzi enjalo ibhukuda, kanyekanye iphakamisa futhi yehlise amaphiko ayo futhi kube sengathi indiza ikholamu yamanzi. By the way, le ndlela yokuhamba ivumela ama-ramp akhule ngesivinini esikhulu futhi aze aphume emanzini ngamamitha ambalwa.

I-East American inkunzi, noma ithole lenkabi (i-Rhinoptera bonasus) yanquma ukuhlukana nepakethe yahamba "ngendiza".

Usayizi nombala walezi zinhlanzi uhlukahluka ebangeni elikhulu kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, zombili lezi zinhlobo ze-monochromatic (ezimpunga, ezimnyama, ezinsundu), nezinhlobo ezimibalabala kakhulu (ezinamabala, zidwetshiwe).

Isithambeka somhlanga oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-Taeniura lymma) siyakwazi ukushintsha umbala womzimba sisuka ku-bluish siye ku-olive, amabala aphenduke aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Isitembu esincanyana kunazo zonke sikagesi samaNdiya sifinyelela ubude obungu-14 cm kuphela, kanti enkulu kunazo zonke - i-manta, noma udeveli wasolwandle - ifinyelela ubude obungu-6-7 m futhi inesisindo samathani ayi-2,5! Lapho lesi sikhulu siphuma emanzini, isidumbu sakhe siwela olwandle ngesigqi se-canon.

IManta, noma udeveli wasolwandle (Manta birostris), ezintantayo ngezinduku ezimbili ohlangothini ngalunye, ifana nendiza eyi-Stealth ehlome imicibisholo.

Izimo zokuphila zama-stingray azifani futhi. Lezi zinhlanzi zitholakala kuzo zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu - ukusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo neziya ezifundeni ezinamakhaza. Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda amanzi abandayo unyaka wonke, ezinye azishiyi imikhawulo yemifudlana efudumele, futhi kukhona ezihamba amabanga amade.

Yize iziketi eziningi zingezodwa ngemvelo, ezinye izinhlobo zingakha iziqu ezinkulu. Lo mhlambi wezinkabi zase-East American ezisuka eMexico ziya eFlorida zibalelwa ku-10,000.

Ama-stingray atholakala emanzini angajulile nasebangeni elingama-2000-2700 m. Iningi lazo lihlala olwandle nasolwandle, kanti ama-stingrays emndenini kuphela lapho ethole khona amanzi asha aseningizimu naseMelika Ephakathi.

Enye yezinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile angavamile yi-tiger stingray (Potamotrygon tigrina).

Njengomthetho, lezi zinhlanzi zihola indlela yokuphila esondele ezansi, okuthi lapho umzimba wayo uyisicaba ulingane ngokuphelele. Kepha i-Giant manta ray ayesabi ukubhukuda kude nolwandle nangaphansi; usayizi wayo omkhulu uyalivikela ezitheni.

I-diver ihlangane nemoto ebhekene ubuso nobuso isuka eziqhingini zaseRevillagigedos (Mexico). Kubantu, lezi zimidondoshiya azinangozi.

Izilwane ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini ziba inyamazane yensimbi. Izinhlobo ezincane zidla izibungu, ama-mollus angaphansi, amakhrayoni, amadlambi kanye nama-octopus amancane. Ezinkulu zibamba izinhlanzi: izisulu zazo zivame ukuba ngama-sardine, i-haddock, i-capelin, i-mullet, i-flounder, i-cod, i-eels, i-salmon.Kepha i-manta enkulu, okuphambene nalokho, idla nge-plankton kanye nenhlanzi encane kunazo zonke. Umane ahlunge inyamazane yakhe, edlulisa amanzi ngogesi. Nokho, izindlela engavamile kakhulu ukudoba umkhuba kagesi kanye sawfish, noma sawfish (hhayi kudidaniswe sawshark!). Ezangaphambili zinezitho zikagesi ezilawulwa yingxenye ekhethekile yobuchopho. “Amabhethri” ayakwazi ukubutha imali nokushaja ngesikhathi esifanele, ngamandla wamanje we-7-8 amps, i-voltage yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ingafinyelela kuma-80 kuye kuma-300 volts. Kwezilwane ezincane, ukushaqeka okunjalo kukagesi kuyabulala, kumuntu kubuhlungu kakhulu, futhi okubi kakhulu kungadala ukukhubazeka kwezindebe zesikhathi eside. Njengoba for izinhlanzi-isaha, khona-ke sika empumulweni is side ngesimo kwamapulangwe igcwele amazinyo abukhali at emaphethelweni. Ngosizo lwaleli thuluzi, ithambeka elinamashuni libumba emhlabathini, liwuthukulule, liqhume lingene emhlanjini wezinhlanzi, lishaye emaceleni futhi ligaye izisulu zalo.

pylori Green noma sawfish (Pristis zijsron).

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-stingrays kanye nabahlobo bawo abasondelene kakhulu nabo banesistimu yokuzala ekhuliswe kakhulu. Lapho zisakazeka, zingabeka amakhompiyutha amaqanda noma zizalele amathole bukhoma. Esimweni sokuqala, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-1-2 ngekhefu lezinsuku eziyi-1-5. ukuzalela umjikelezo kungaba yokwelula ku izinyanga, ngalesi sikhathi, omunye umuntu omdala has isikhathi ukubambezeleka kusuka amaqanda 4-5 kufika ku-50. Iqanda ngalinye ligqoke i-cornea, amakhona alesi sikhwama aphela ngemicu, ngosizo lwawo ikhebula leqanda linamathiselwe enhlabathini noma ku-algae. Ukuthuthukiswa kombungu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene kuthatha izinyanga ezine kuya kwezingu-14. Lesi yisikhathi eside kakhulu senhlanzi, kepha hhayi iqanda elincane elivelayo eqandeni, kepha indawo ethambekele ngokuphelele ekwakheni. Ngo zinhlobo viviparous ka gazinga inhlanzi kukhule isitho ekhethekile emzimbeni kamama, efana kwesibeletho mammalian. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwabo yi-yolk yeqanda, ngaphezu kwalokho, imibungu incela uketshezi olusetshenziswa yisibeletho. Le ndlela yokudla kufana ukusuthisa ubisi kusukela izilwane.

Isigaxa seqanda se-Stingray.

Emvelweni, yi-manta kuphela engaqhosha ngokuphepha okuhlobene, okungekho muntu onesibindi sokuyihlasela ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu. Izinhlobo ezisele ziba yizisulu zezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene ezidliwayo, ikakhulukazi oshaka. Ukuze emithambekeni Vikela baye basungula eziningi ezincwadini. Ezinye izinhlobo zincike kumbala ovikelayo kanye nobume bomzimba obucwathile, buzifihle ngokusemuva komhlabathi. Esikhathini sasemini, imithambeka engezansi ayisebenzi futhi ithanda ukulala phansi phansi, izifuze ngesihlabathi. Izinhlobo zePelagic zincike ijubane eliphezulu kanye nekhono lokuphuma emanzini. imisebe Electric ivikelwe esithweni zamanje.

Kepha ama-stingray ayingozi kakhulu. Lezi zinhlanzi phakathi nomsila spike avulekile obuphelele 10-37 cm. Cleat unephutha inkatho oluneziqhingi amaseli enobuthi ebusweni phansi. Imigwaqo elandelwayo ishaya ngomsila wayo ohlangothini nangawo wonke amandla ayo, i-prick enesidlakela sayo ibuhlungu kakhulu, futhi kumuntu nayo iyingozi kakhulu. Noma emithini emincane engenakulimaza yomfula, ubuthi bungaholela ekukhubazekeni kwemilenze, futhi ubuthi basolwandle bubangela ukwehla okukhulu komfutho wegazi, ukugabha nokukhubazeka kwemisipha yamathambo. Isisulu esidume kakhulu kulezi zinhlanzi ngumculi wezemvelo odumile wase-Australia uSteve Irwin, eshaywe ngenaliti ngqo esifubeni.

Stingray Evamile (Dasyatis pastinaca) - nomele ejwayelekile ka stingrays (phakathi umsila ebonakalayo iva enobuthi). Ehlobo, kutholakala oMnyama kanye nase-Azov Seas.

Ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinhlanzi ziyizinto zokudoba amateur nezentengiselwano. Inambitheka ikakhulukazi inyama yesigaxa saseMedithera (i-mobula) nesibindi sekati lasolwandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zinhlobo enkulu skates imisebe oswela ukuvikelwa, njengoba izinhlanzi kanye fecundity ongaphakeme. Ngenxa yokubukeka komzimba okuphathekayo, ama-stingrays awalungele ukugcinwa ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ngoba adinga iziqukathi ezibanzi. Kodwa avame ukubonakala ngo nethange yomphakathi, lapho friendly zinhlobo non-enobuthi kukhona wonke umuntu eyintandokazi.Lezi zinhlanzi ngokuzithandela zivumela ukuba zichaywe futhi zithathe ukudla ezandleni zezivakashi.

I-"smiling" stingrays ngenkathi idla eNew Orleans Aquarium (USA).

Angiphunyuki emehlweni izinsuku eziningana, ngoba nginesikhathi sokuthengisa amaphupho! Waphupha isikhathi eside ngokuphila ogwini lolwandle. Hhayi, hhayi eholidini kuphela, kodwa "bukhoma".
Ngakho-ke kwenzeka - futhi ngakho konke ukubonga kumngane wami uTanya (http://audiourokidarom.ru), wangitholela ifulethi e-Alushta ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama.

Ukubukwa kolwandle oluhle kusuka kuvulandi yegumbi lami: ngihlangana nokusa nsuku zonke futhi ngiphuza ikhofi endaweni yesikhulumi engenhla kolwandle. O, angizikholelwa ukuthi into enjalo ingenzeka!

Kuliqiniso, ngifikelwa yizijeziso, futhi ngokuya ngohlelo oluphelele, ngizokutshela okuthile. Manje sikhuluma ngeyethu, mayelana "nentombazane" - kanjani izinhlanzi ezi-stingray.

Izinhlanzi ze-Stingray lapha "abahloniphi", badla kanzima futhi bambiza nge-fox. Ibanjwa enetheni, bese abadobi beyithengisa ngemali enamahloni, noma bayinike kanjalo nje. Kusihlwa, “osizwayo” wethu uyabuza (uVolodya usiqashisela indawo yokuhlala) uma singathanda ukuzama impungushe.

Ngemuva kokudideka okuncane nezincazelo ezilandelayo, samemeza kakhulu "funa, funa! "- Futhi njengoba zhezh, exotic!

Ongazange adle izinhlanzi ze-stingray akanamandla okuthola unswinyo!

UVolodya uyabuza: uzohlanza? Siyajabula: "Sizoba khona! "Kodwa lapho simbona!

Bheka, siyikho saw .

Ngamagama nje, uVolodya uyihlanze ogwini enohlobo lwensimbi yesilisa bese ikhwela - ijika - ngezwi, lezi zinsimbi kanye nekhwela kunika amanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Uyinqume (wakhipha isibindi, wasika amaphinifa, kepha akasisusanga isikhumba, ngoba sasingazosiwola), nathi-ke.

Isibindi se-Stingray sithathwa njengento enhle futhi emnandi kunazo zonke ku-stingray.
Kumele kukhishwe ngokucophelela ukuze i-blallder ingaqhume!

Isibindi se-Stingray (500-700 g)
Amaqanda ama-4-5 (ama-yolks kuphela)
I-anyanisi eyi-1
½ tbsp anyanisi okupheka uwoyela
usawoti kanye nopelepele ukunambitha

• Yehlisa isibindi emanzini abilayo ( kudingeka amanzi amaningi ukuze isibindi simbozwe ).

• Bilisa imizuzu engama-5-7 ( kuya ngosayizi wesibindi ).

• Bilisa amaqanda, amakhasi bese ususa izikhupha. ( Musa ukuphonsa ama-squirrels - azokuza kahle ).
• Cola u-anyanisi kanye gazinga kuze kufike kancane kwegolide - umnsalo kufanele uthambe .
• Lahla isibindi esiphelile ku-colander bese uvumela ukuphola.
• Grind yonke imikhiqizo esitsheni sinye ngemfoloko kunamathisela.
• Isikhathi.
• Faka esiqandisini.

Khonza ngesinkwa esinsundu.

Ukunameka kuthandeka ngemuva kokuqina esiqandisini.

Kungani sidinga isibindi se-cod uma unesibindi se-stingray!

I-Stingray (ehlutshiwe futhi yasikwa yaba izicucu) ingatholwa, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezi-2 siyisifiso.

Okokuqala, asinandawo yokudoba, futhi okwesibili, i-ramp, njengoba sitshelwe, ilungele kuphela i-aspic. Hhayi, sasikholwa ngabantu bendawo iBlack Sea.

1 ramp (izingcezu)
anyanisi
Izaqathe ezi-2-3
ucezu lwezimpande ze-celery
abamhlophe beqanda abilisiwe
iqabunga le-bay, usawoti kanye nopelepele
i-gelatin

• Emanzini abilayo, gcobhoza ama-chunks we-stingray (amanzi agcobhozayo) nemifino emachunwini amakhulu.
• Pheka amahora ayi-1.5.
• Faka iqabunga le-bay ekugcineni.
• Vumela ukupholile.
• Susa inyama uyihlukanise.
• Hlela izitsha ezabiwe.
• Faka amaprotheni, i-dill encane kanye izaqathi emibuthanweni.
• Shisisa bese usika umhluzi.
• Gxilisa i-gelatin.
• Kala umhluzi (besine-1 litre yomhluzi kanye namaphakethe ama-2 e-gelatin).
• Chaza i-gelatin evuvukala emhluzi ofudumele.
• Thela umhluzi.

Stingrays Habitats

Ama-stingray ikakhulukazi abahlali abaseduze nezindawo abahlala kuzo abathandayo ukujula kolwandle . Njengoba bengabazingeli, bayakujabulela ukudla izinhlanzi ezincane, amakhrayoni, ama-mollusks, atholakala ngaphansi kwamachibi. Ngenxa yokuthi bahlala ikakhulu ezansi olwandle nasolwandle, umbala wengxenye yedorsal yoshintsho usuka esihlabathini uye kumnyama. Ngale ndlela, bazivumelanisa nezwe elishintshashintshayo neliphansi emhlabeni nombala weguquko lwasemuva lokudlela uzungu. Izindawo zokuhlala kwama-stingrays ziyahlukahluka: zingaphila emanzini abandayo e-Antarctica nasezindaweni ezishisayo zasolwandle.Bazizwa bekhululekile kakhulu emazingeni okushisa wamanzi afinyelela ku-30 ​​0 C. Izinhlobo eziningi zestingrays zihlala ngqo ogwini, ekujuleni okufika kumitha eyodwa, kepha kukhona nalezo ezehlela ekujuleni kolwandle olungamakhilomitha amathathu.

Izinhlobonhlobo zama-stingrays

Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amane zama-stingrays. Ukubukeka kwabo nendlela yabo yokuphila ngokuqondile kuncike endaweni abahlala kuyo.

Nazi, ngokwesibonelo, ezinye zazo:

- lolu hlobo luphawuleka ngokuthi isisindo salesi simthambeka singafinyelela kumathani amabili (!) Futhi amaphiko ngokuhamba aze afike kumamitha ayi-7. IManta ibukeka iheha kakhulu lapho ibhukuda, ifana nenyoni enkulu enhle. Isici esivelele salolu hlobo lwama-stingrays ukuthi, njengamahlengethwa ayakuthanda ukuphuma emanzini, afinyelele ekuphakameni okungafika kumamitha ayi-1.5 bese ebuye ebuye amanzi afafaza ngezindlela ezihlukile.

- ubude bezimpiko zabo bube buncane, bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5. Ngobude, bungakwazi ukufinyelela kumamitha amahlanu. Emisebeni yalolu hlobo, ekugcineni komsila, kunesigaxa abasisebenzisela ukuzivikela futhi bangashaya isitha size indiza iye ohlangothini.

Izintambo zikagesi - lolu hlobo lwe-stingrays lunesipho semvelo, ukhipha ugesi, ongavikela i-stingray engozini engenayo noma ikhubaze isisulu - inyamazane. Icala likagesi libekwa engxenyeni yekhanda lama-ramp nama-pectoral fins. Ukukhishwa kwamanje kwesitimela esivamile kungafinyelela kuma-40 volts. Ukushaywa kuzokwanela ukumangalisa umuntu ohlukumezekile, ukukhubazeke bese kuyadla.

Izici zokukhiqiza kabusha kwama-stingrays

I-stingray yowesifazane, phakathi nesikhathi sokuzalela, ibuthana ngokwayo inani elikhulu labesilisa, okuthi njengokungathi ukupela, iphindaphinde ukuvumelanisa konke ukunyakaza kowesimame. Owesilisa ophumelele kakhulu futhi osekhulile onqobile kule midlalo uthola ilungelo lokulingisa nowesifazane, okuhlala kuphela umzuzu nesigamu.

Ama-stingrays akhiqiza kabusha ngezindlela ezihlukene: kukhona amaqanda ama-viviparous futhi abeka amaqanda, lawo okuthiwa ama-capsules, ngaphakathi kulelo nalelo kukhona iqanda elivundisiwe. Kunohlobo olunjalo lwama-stingrays afana nolwandle uDeveli, insikazi yalolu hlobo ibilokhu ithwala ingane eyodwa unyaka wonke, izalwa inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angaphezu kweshumi futhi ikhula ibe yimitha eyodwa. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwakhe, umama ulahlekelwe yiningi enganeni yakhe futhi ahambe yedwa.

• I-Stingray - i-stingray yizinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu kubantu. Emsileni wethambeka lwale zinhlobo, kubekwa isipikili esikhulu, ekugcineni kubekwe amaseli anobuthi. Lapho ethola ingxenye yale chephoyinti, umuntu angakhubazeka ngokuphelele, umfutho wegazi ungokwehla kancane, amalunga namathambo angakhubazeka ngaphandle kokululama.
• Amehlo nomlomo we-stingray atholakala ezindaweni ezihlukene ekhanda futhi i-stingray ayikaze ibone lokho eikuthola ngesikhathi sokudla.
• Abantu babamba ama-stingrays futhi basebenzise isikhumba saso ukwenza amabhande nama-wallet, badle nenyama.
• Ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona i-ramp, abahlali bendawo kanye nezivakashi bazama ukushaqeka ngogesi kusuka erempini. Kukholakala ukuthi ngemuva kokuthola ukukhishwa kukagesi okufisayo kusuka ramp, abantu bazosusa izifo eziningi, ezinjengobuhlungu emuva.
• Abantu basendulo babezingela ngentshiseko ama-stingrays ukhokho . Babesebenzisa izikhala zalezi zinhlaka ukwenza imicibisholo. Ngaphandle kokuthi babenethezekile ekuzingeleni, bebegcwala ubuthi, obebabasiza ekulweni nezitha zangaphandle. Imininingwane ngezimpawu, izindawo, imikhuba kanye nemiphumela yokuhlangana nayo i-ramp kuyajabulisa futhi kuyafundisa ukuthi incwadi yonke ayanele ukuchaza konke abantu abanesifiso ngakho mayelana nalezi zidalwa ezingejwayelekile.

I-stingray kagesi yizinhlanzi zasolwandle zasolwandle , isici esiyingqayizivele saso sokuba khona kwezitho zikagesi ezihanjiwe. Iqembu lezintambo zikagesi liqukethe imindeni emi-4 nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60.

I-ramp kagesi - isimilo nencazelo.

Isidumbu sikagesi esinezintambo zikagesi sinesimo esime ngendlela ye-disc ene-elongation encane ngendlela yomsila, kukhona i-caudal Fin kanye ne-fins eyodwa noma amabili aphezulu. Ubukhulu bomzimba womthambeka bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-50. Kodwa-ke, kukhona abamele okukhulu, obude bawo obukhulu bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,2, futhi isisindo silingana ne-100 kg. Ama-stingray wezinhlanzi zasolwandle angaba nombala ohlukile: ukusuka kumbala olula onokuqonda kuya kumidwebo namaphethini aqhakazile anemibala. Amehlo omthambeka kagesi abekwe ngaphezulu, ukwakheka okunjalo kubangela umbono obuthakathaka kulolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi. Ezinhlangothini zomzimba obunjwe ngediski kunezitho ezakheke njengezinso ezikhiqiza ugesi, zitholakala phakathi kwekhanda namaphayi we-pectoral. Izitho zikagesi zama-stingrays yenzelwe ukuzivikela nokubamba. Ngosizo lwabo, i-ramp ikhipha i-beam-like kagesiimigqa amandla kusuka ku-6 kuye kuma-220 volts. Ngakho-ke, inhlanzi ihlasela inyamazane noma isitha bese ihlasela yena.

Ahlala kuphi ama-sting?

Izindawo zokuhlala kwama-stingrays zihluke kakhulu. Ama-stingray kagesi ahlala ezihlahleni, emabhokisini obumba, ezindaweni ezinamabhishi anesihlabathi. Kwesinye isikhathi i-ramp ingakwazi ukuhlala ekujuleni kolwandle nolwandle, ukujula okuphezulu kwelesi cishe amamitha ayi-1000. Ungathola le nhlanzi kuphela emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo zezulu.

Ama-stingrays asemasha kusukela ekuzalweni anecala likagesi. I-stingray kagesi yabantu abadala inganikeza izingane izinsana ezi-8-14. Ubude bomzimba we-stingray esanda kuzalwa abunakulungiswa futhi buba ngamasentimitha amabili.

Izinhlanzi zasolwandle i-stingray Ngaphezu kwekhono layo likagesi, inenye ithalente elingenakuphikwa. Lezi zinhlanzi zingokubhukuda okuhle kakhulu, ngenxa yesimo somzimba esiguquliwe. Amaphini ayindilinga avumela ukuthambeka ukukhuphuka imvelo yasemanzini, ngaphandle kokuchitha umzamo omkhulu ekunqobeni amabanga amade. Lokhu kusiza ama-stingrans enqubekweni yokuthola ukudla kwabo nezingane zabo ezisanda kuzalwa.

Yini edlayo futhi uzingela kanjani umugqa kagesi?

I-ramp kagesi idla ikakhulu inhlanzi kanye ne-carrion. Abamele abancane be-stingrays bakhiqiza ama-plankton amancane asolwandle ngesimo senhlanzi encane, imfoloko, ama-octopus. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zidla izinhlanzi. Isibonelo, i-mullet, i-salmon. Lapho ukuzingela, i-ramp kagesi ibamba inyamazane yayo bese iyibopha ngamaphiko. Kwethulwa uchungechunge lokukhishwa kukagesi kwesisulu, ngenxa yalokho eshonayo.

IStingray (impungushe yolwandle) ingumhlali wasolwandle. Umzimba wakhe ubukeka njengengwabu enomsila omncane ekugcineni. Njengomthetho, cishe zonke izinhlobo zalezi zinhlanzi zinezinhlwayi nemincele emhlane wazo.

Kusukela kusikhumbuzo, izinganekwane ezahlukahlukene ezimbi nezinganekwane, ezichazwe ezinganekwaneni ezahlukahlukene, zazisakazwa nge-fox yolwandle. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukubukeka kwabo kuyesabeka, kuyesabisa futhi kukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke izinhlobo zemisebe ezihlala ekujuleni kolwandle zinobuthi futhi ziyingozi kubantu.

Izici ezivamile

Izimpungushe zasolwandle zihluke kakhulu kwezinye izakhamuzi zasolwandle nolwandle. Bakhona babe nemikhuba yabo nezimpawu:

1. Ama-stingranes anomzimba osicaba, futhi emsileni kukhona ithiphu ebukhali.
2. Ikhanda lixhunywe emzimbeni ngoguquko oluqondile olubushelelezi.
3. Amehlo aqabula kancane.
4. Inhlanzi ine-dorsal and pectoral fin.
5. Izimpungushe zasolwandle zihlobene kakhulu noshaka, ngoba umgogodla wazo wakhiwe nge-cartilage, hhayi amathambo. Shono wonke umuntu esaba lezi zinhlanzi, zibukeka kabi kakhulu.
6. Esigodini somlomo akukho amazinyo abukhali njengelidi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yi-lamellar futhi ayibukhali endaweni emthambekeni.
7. Umgodi womlomo uqobo utholakala ngezansi, ngakho izimpungushe zasolwandle azikwazi ukubona ukuthi zidla ini. Kuphela lawa emakhaleni anuka inyamazane.
8. Umbala we-stingrays ungaba brownish-grey, u-tan onamabala amancane aphuzi namnyama.
9. Ubude bendoda ekhulile bungafinyelela ku-90 cm, kuthi abesifazane - cm ezingama-125. Okudabukisayo ngokwanele, izinsikazi zikhulu futhi zinde ngobukhulu.

Ngokungangabazeki, njengezinye izinhlanzi, ama-stingrays abizwa kanjalo "Abamukeli bakagesi" sibonga lapho bekwazi ukulandelela indawo okukhiqizwa kuyo futhi bazame ukuyibamba ngesivinini se-rocket.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-stingrays, ngaphezu kokubhukuda nokudla, athande ukuba phansi, ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-90-100. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukumba esihlabathini futhi ube usesimweni esizolile. Phansi, zingabamba kalula izakhamizi zasolwandle ezi-mollusk.

Ngokuyinhloko, impungushe yolwandle itholakala ngasogwini, futhi isondela kakhulu ngenkathi efudumele (entwasahlobo, ehlobo, ekwindla efudumele). Abawathandi amanzi abandayo namanzi amasha.

Inhlanzi ye-fox yolwandle izalela kanjani?

Lezi izimpungushe ezingaphansi kwamanzi, njengazo zonke izinhlanzi ezinama-cartilaginous, zanda ngokukhulelwa kwangaphakathi . Ubusika nentwasahlobo ziyizinkathi eziphambili zokuvuthwa kwemithi yokuhluma. Owesilisa uthatha umngane wakhe womshado ngokushesha, anamathe ngemuva alandele insikazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala kowesifazane, futhi ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka ngokungenisa i-pterigopodia kowesifazane.

Ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinhlanzi zingazalela amaqanda, kanti ezinye zingaze. Kuya ngokuthi kuthathwa izimpungushe zasolwandle kanjani.

Ngemuva kwesikhathi eside, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda azo. Kungabakhona kusuka kweshumi nambili kuya kwekhulu , nokuningi. Iqanda ngokwalo liyigobolondo lempondo eminyene elingu-10 cm ubude nama-7 cm.Inemicu enamathela kulo ngaphansi.

Izinhlanzi ezisanda kuzalwa zisesesibelethweni kuze kube yilapho sezitholela umzimba wesinyoni esincane. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lo gazinga uyakhula, emva kwalokho aqale ukuzondla ngaphansi kwezimpethu, imfanzi kanye nekhrayoni.

Indawo yokuhlala yezinhlanzi

Ama-Stingrays ahlala emanzini ase-Arctic nase-Antarctic. Zingatholakala futhi emanzini asolwandle eRussia. Ukushisa kwamanzi kwezimpungushe zasolwandle kufanelekile kokubili kubanda futhi kufudumele. Ama-stingray yonke indawo aqala futhi athole ukudla kwawo ngokuphepha, azivikele kwabanye abahlali ngosizo lwe-spikes, ukuzalaniswa nokuzizwa ezolile. Ngokuqondene nosawoti wamanzi, izinhlanzi zithanda ukuhlala ekujuleni kolwandle, kepha futhi zingagxila emanzini amasha. Futhi, ukuvela kwe-stingray olwandle lwe-Azov kwaqoshwa.

Njengoba wazi Lezi zinhlanzi zihlukile futhi zingahluka ku:

• umbala
• noma yiziphi izimpawu zangaphandle
• ukuzingela ngendlela
• isimilo
• indawo yokuhlala.

Amayunithi alandelayo alezi zinhlanzi:

• Njengo-Gnose-like.
• I-Orlyakovye.
• Sawfish.
• Ama-Stingrays.

Amayunithi la ahlukile, angahluka. Izinhlobo ezingama-300 kuye kwezingama-350 . Onke amayunithi, noma emincane, anokuhluka kwangaphandle, njengomthetho - lo umbala, ukwakheka kwempumulo, umsila, usayizi. Ngokungangabazeki, zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidliwayo, eziyingozi kuzo zombili ezinye izinhlanzi nakubantu.

Umsoco

Njengoba wazi, ama-stingrays adla ezinye izakhamizi zokujula. Kungaba izinhlanzi ezincane, umhluzi, imfishi, izibungu. Ama-stingrays athande inyama ethambile yezinhlanzi zolwandle nezilwane, yize zona uqobo ziba izisulu zomhlaseli oyingozi - ushaka.

Naphezu kokuba khona kwama-stingrays bukhula bukhula ngendlela yamanyeva oshaka abesabi lezi zinhlanzi. Banambitha inyama yabo kalula. Lapho isisemlonyeni woshaka, i-ramp ayikwazi ukuphuma. Kulokhu, uzokufa.

Izimayini

Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwama-stingray kuncishiswe kakhulu. Naphezu kwabo inyama emnandi nesithambile , azifaneleki kwezinye izinhloso, futhi zisetshenziswa ekudleni kuphela. Noma kunjalo, ezimakethe zezinhlanzi zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu ungathola ama-stingray amaningi, kepha oLwandle Olumnyama ngeke uzibone nhlobo. Ama-spikes nesikhumba se-stingray awalungele lutho. Kodwa-ke, abaningi bakhohlwa ngesibindi esincane sezinhlanzi, esidume ngezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu.

Ukwakheka kwama-ramp

Kujwayelekile ukuthi ama-stingrays abe nawo umzimba othambile , ngokubakhona kwamaphinifa amakhulu we-pectoral axhumeke ekhanda. I-caudal fin mncane, ine-lobes engafakwanga; i-anal fin ayiyona. Isikhumba esingaphakathi siqukethe i-cartilage.

Ngaphansi ifakwe emakhaleni nezinhlaka ezinhlanu zokulwa.Isikhumba esingaphezulu singapendwe ngemibala elula noma emnyama, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala yezilwane, ezizisiza ukuba zizifihle zingahambi.

Amazinyo ngesimo se-spikes noma esithambile, vala ngokuqinile, wakhe i-grater. Amehlo itholakala ngemuva, ngaphandle kwesihlukanisi sokuqhafaza. Ingaphezulu lomzimba limbozwe izikali ze-placoid, ezinomhubhe onezicubu ezixhumanisayo, lapho imithambo yegazi nezinzwa zilala khona.

Ama-Stingrays anombono owakhiwe kahle, ukwamukela amakhemikhali, i-sideline . Ngenxa ye-electroreception, bayakwazi ukubamba iziphikiso kagesi ezivela kwezinye izinhlanzi (ukuthambeka kwenhliziyo noma izicubu zokuphefumula). Isigaxa sokubhukuda asikho.

Uhlelo lokuphefumula inezici ezihlukile ngokuqhathanisa nezinye izinhlanzi. Njengoba ama-stingrays ahlala ezansi njalo, futhi evame ukujikijela ngaphansi kwesihlabathi, isihlabathi sasingangena nezitho zokuphefumula ngenkathi siphefumula ngamanzi, ukugwema lokhu, uhlelo lokuphefumula lwama-stingrays oluhunyushelwe endleleni yabo eseduze-ezansi yokuphila.

Umoya ungena ngokusebenzisa izifutho ezitholakala ohlangothini lwe-dorsal. Zine-valve ekhethekile evimbela ukungena kwemizimba yangaphandle. Noma ivalves ingasebenzi kahle, inhlanzi ingasusa into ethile yakwelinye ngokukunikeza umfudlana wamanzi.

Ama-Stingrays

- phila impilo yokuhlala phansi, uvame ukungcwatshwa phansi kwesihlabathi. Endaweni yamaphinifa we-pectoral kukhona isitho esikhiqiza samanje. Amandla wegesi kagesi nawo angalimaza umuntu, kepha imisebe ngokwayo ayihlaseli abantu, basebenzisa okwamanje njengokuvikela.

- Amaphini we-pectoral akathuthukiswa njengalawa abanye abameleli; basebenzisa inhlawulo ye-caudal ngokunyakaza. Isigaba sekhanda siyisicaba, sibanzi, sinamazinyo abukhali ezinhlangothini, asiza ekuzingeleni noma ekufuneni inyamazane esihlabathini. Kwesinye isikhathi bayakwazi ukubhukuda futhi baphile emanzini amasha.

- ube nomzimba obunjiwe, obumbekile, onamahloni asezingeni le-cartilage ye-pelvic, eduze kwesixovuli lapho kukhona izinsalela zama-gill folds. Propagate ikakhulukazi ngokuzalwa bukhoma. Ama-gitar stingrays asenama-fins spinal. Ummeleli odumile ohlala eduze nolwandle lwaseYurophu uyimpungushe yasolwandle.

- izinhlanzi ezinkulu zihamba kalula ngosizo lwamaphinifa we-pectoral, aqeda emazingeni eso, ngakho-ke isigaba sekhanda siyabonakala kahle. Ukuchithwa kwe-Orlyakov kufaka phakathi umndeni omkhulu weStingray, ovame ukuhlala wedwa endaweni eyodwa. Lezi zinhlanzi emsileni zine-protrusion yethambo - umgogodla odingekayo ukuvikela nokuzingela, nawo uqukethe ubuthi. Abantu basolwandle, bayibona i-stingray esihlabathini, bangangena ku-Stingray futhi bashaywe. Izinto ezinobuthi ezingena esilondeni zibangela ukugabha, umfutho wethamo, i-paresis.

Ukukhiqizwa kwama-stingrays

Ama-stingrays izinhlanzi ezihlukanisayo Zizalela ngezindlela ezimbili: ezinye ziyakwazi ukuzalwa bukhoma, ezinye zizalela amaqanda zizungezwe yikhaphethi.

Izinsikazi ezingama-Viviparous zizala inzalo encane, ngokwesibonelo, kuze kube yilapho kuzalwa amawundlu angama-14 kuma-stingrays kagesi, kanti idemon yasolwandle yabesifazane iyakwazi ukuthwala ingane eyodwa kuphela (isisindo se-stingray esisanda kuzalwa cishe singamakhilogremu ayishumi). Isibeletho sazo sifakwe ukuphuma okhethekile (i-trofotenia), enikeza izakhamzimba ku-fetus.

Isikhathi sokuphila komuntu ngamunye sincike ikakhulu ngosayizi wabo, sincane isayizi, sifushane umjikelezo wempilo uqobo, izinhlanzi ezincane ziphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo kuze kube iminyaka eyi-10, ezinkulu zikwazi ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-20.

Stingrays yokuphila

Indlela eseduzane neyama-stingrays inqume ukubukeka kwezinhlanzi. Ziseningizimu isikhathi eside, awusoze wahlangana nazo emanzini angaphezulu, ngakho-ke zinomzimba omncane, obanzi. Zihamba ngosizo lwamaphiko aseceleni, zibabhakuza kahle njengamaphiko, kanti uma zibhukuda azisebenzisi nhlobo umsila.

Zingahlala ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphansi (cishe 2 ° C), futhi ziphakeme impela (kufika ku-30 ​​° C).Ama-stingrays izinhlanzi ezidla inyama, imikhiqizo eyinhloko yokudla kungama-mollusks, crayfish, i-salmon, ama-sardine, ezinye izinhlobo nazo zidla nge-plankton. Ngenkambiso yokuthwebula ukudla, acindezela inyamazane ayibeke phansi futhi abambe inhlanzi ngomlomo osendaweni yesisu.

Amanye ama-stingrays akwazi ukukhipha amandla kagesi njengamanje, acashe phansi, alindele inyamazane yawo. Lapho ama-octopus noma i-crayfish ebhukuda eduze, ama-stingray awashaya ngokuphuma, abese eqoqa inyamazane. I-stingray inesikhali esikhethekile - iyisiciko somsila esinama-spikes amaningi ebusweni lapho ishaya khona izisulu.

Inani lama-stingrays empilweni yomuntu

1. Isetjenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwakha izithasiselo zokudla,
2. ama-stingrays - umkhiqizo obalulekile wokudla, uyidlakudla kwimenyu yokudlela, ikakhulukazi empumalanga. AbaseKorea badla inyama eluhlaza
3. basinde ekudingisweni, bagcinwa njengezinhlanzi zasemanzini,
4. ngenxa yemvelo yabo yokudla, bayingxenye efanelekile yemvelo yokulawula inani lezinto zasolwandle, ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula bona uqobo baba ukudla,
5. isikhumba se-stingray sihlala isikhathi eside ngesakhiwo esithile, ngakho sisetshenziselwa ukuthunga izikhwama, ama-wallets.

Ama-stingrays a-superorder yezinhlanzi ezinama-cartilaginous, ezibandakanya ama-oda ayi-5 nemindeni eyi-15. Okokuqina, amaphini we-pectoral nomzimba omncane osicaba afakwa nekhanda. Iningi le-stingrays lihlala olwandle. Isayensi yazi izinhlobo eziningana zamanzi ahlanzekile. Umbala wengxenye ephezulu yomzimba wabo kuncike lapho kuhlala khona impela ama-stingrays. Kamuva kungaba mnyama noma kukhanye kakhulu.

Ubungako beziketi buyehluka kusuka ngamasentimitha ambalwa kuya kumamitha amaningana, amaphiko ezinye izikejana angaba amamitha angaphezu kwamabili (ngokwesibonelo, amasiketi aqhamuka emndenini ongaboli). Imigwaqo kagesi inikezwe "isikhali" esithile. Lezi zingqimba zikhubazisa isisulu sazo ngosizo lokukhishwa kukagesi.

Ama-stingrays angatholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Zitholakala nasogwini lwe-Antarctica nase-Arctic Ocean. Kungcono ukubuka irempu "ezindizayo" esuka ogwini lwase-Australia.

Ama-Stingray izihlobo zabashaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okulandelayo kwesihlobo. Ukufana kwangaphandle, vele, akubonwa. Ngokwesakhiwo sangaphakathi, ama-stingrays kanye noshaka awakhiwa amathambo, kepha yi-cartilage. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-stingrays ayefana noshaka hhayi kuphela ekwakhiweni kwabo kwangaphakathi, kodwa nasezimpawu zabo zangaphandle. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sibashintshe ngokungaziwa.

Ama-stingrays izinhlanzi zasendulo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso - ezinye izinhlanzi ezindala, njengoshaka.

Ama-Stingrays anohlelo oluhlukile lokuphefumula. Kungani ihlukile, ngoba zonke ezinye izinhlanzi ziphefumula ngama-gill. Kodwa-ke, uma i-ramp izama ukwenza into efanayo, khona-ke, kanye nomoya, yayizodonsa esihlabathini esilele phansi. Kungakho umoya we-stingrays uhlukile nomoya wezinye izinhlanzi. Umoya ungena ku-stingray ngokusebenzisa izifutho ezikhethekile. Lezi zokugcina zingasemuva kwale nhlanzi. Izifafaza zivikelwe ne-valve ekhethekile, kepha uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ukuthi ezinye izinhlayiya ezingaphandle zisabonakala kulezi zifafaza, umugqa ukhululwa kuwo ngokukhulula umfudlana wamanzi kulowo owesifafaza.

Ama-stingrays ayizinhlobo zezimvemvane ezintantayo. Ukufanekisa okunjalo kungadonswa ngokususelwa ekutheni izintambo zihamba kanjani emanzini. Zibuye zahlukile ngoba azisebenzisi umsila lapho zibhukuda, njengoba kwenza ezinye izinhlanzi. Ama-stingrays ahamba ngenxa yokuhamba kwamaphiko, ngenkathi kufana nezimvemvane.

Ama-stingrays ahlukile komunye nomunye. Okokuqala, ngosayizi. Imvelo yaziwa ngama-stingrays akala amasentimitha ambalwa nama-stingrays, osayizi bawo afinyelela kumamitha ayi-7. Okwesibili, imithambeka ehlukene nayo iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Amanye ama-stingraw awanandaba, ngokwesibonelo, agxuma ngaphezulu kwamanzi, kuyilapho iningi lalezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukuchitha isikhathi zingcwatshwe esihlabathini.

UDeveli olwandle uyindlela eyisimangaliso. Ukhuthaza amatilosi ukuthi aqambe izinganekwane ezimangalisa kakhulu.Impela ubuyokwazi! Uma ungasicabanga isithombe lapho into ethile engamamitha ayisikhombisa ivele ivele emanzini olwandle imizuzwana embalwa (futhi lento imane nje idimoni lolwandle noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, i-manta ray), enesisindo esidlula amathani amabili, ke amatilosi angaqondakala kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba iqiniso lokuthi ngemuva komzuzwana lesi sikhulu siphinde singene ekujuleni kolwandle, sikhombise amatilosi umsila okhombe ngophakathi.

UDeveli wasolwandle uyisidalwa esiphephile. Naphezu kobukhulu obukhulu bawo wonke ama-ramp, le ramp ayifakwa nganoma yimaphi amandla kagesi, ayinazikhala namazinyo acwebezelayo. Futhi umsila ophakeme, okhunjulwa amatilosi, nawo awunazo izikhali. UDeveli wasolwandle unomuntu onobuhle obuhle, kepha akabathinti abantu nhlobo. Amademoni olwandle atholakala kuzo zonke izilwandlekazi ezishisayo. Zingabonakala ebusweni bamanzi, nangobukhulu bawo, futhi ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayisigamu nesigamu ngaphezulu kwamanzi. By the way, injongo "yokugxuma" udeveli wolwandle emanzini ayaziwa nakanjani.

UDeveli wasolwandle unambitha okuhle. Bathe inyama yakhe ayinamnandi nje kuphela, kepha futhi inempilo. Ezincwadini zasendulo ungathola incazelo yezindlela zokupheka ezinedemon yasolwandle. Ukuzingela le stingray kuphela okuphephile futhi kunzima. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, udeveli wasolwandle kalula, ngokwesibonelo, angaguqula isikebhe. Futhi kungani ubulale lokhu kudalwa okungokwemvelo okungokwemvelo, ikakhulukazi uma ubheka iqiniso lokuthi insikazi iletha iwundlu elilodwa kuphela. Kuliqiniso, ubukhulu bokugcina bumangalisa kakhulu, kepha-ke, buyisisindo, okuyinto ngokwesilinganiso ngesikhathi sokuzalwa lilingana namakhilogremu ayishumi.

I-stingray kagesi yinhlanzi esesabekayo. Empeleni, kubi kakhulu ukwedlula, ngokwesibonelo, udeveli wolwandle. Iqiniso ngukuthi amaseli we-ramp kagesi (abizwa nangokuthi yi-kawaida noma ngemabula) angakhiqiza ugesi aze afike ku-220V (yiqiniso, igama lale ramp livela lapha). Futhi yeka ukuthi bangaki abahlukahlukene abonakaliswa amandla kagesi alezi zihlahlana! Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi zonke izintambo ziyakwazi ukukhipha ugesi, kepha hhayi ngezinga elifanayo nerempu kagesi. I-ramp kagesi ibisaziwa isikhathi eside. Ubukhulu bayo bunganqunywa ngokulandelayo: cishe amamitha elilodwa nesigamu ubude nemitha ububanzi. Inesisindo esisuka kumakhilogremu amabili nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amathathu. Umzimba ongaphezulu umbozwe imithambo emhlophe nemhlophe, lapho ama-shades engahluka khona.

I-stingray yesifazane izala amawundlu bukhoma. Amabele angamatshumi ayisishiyagalombili nane angazalwa ngasikhathi. Kwakunjalo ukuthi uma okungenani ingozi ethile isongela amawundlu, insikazi ibayise emlonyeni wayo. Amawundlu akhona kuze kube yilapho ingozi iphelile. Kepha njengamanje, le datha ayikaqinisekiswa.

Izintambo zikagesi ziyizidalwa ezivilaphayo. Kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, imithambeka yemabula inamandla akhethekile, okuwukuthi umthambeka ungenza noma iyiphi inhlanzi inganyakazi kuphela ngokuyithinta. Ngenxa yaleli khono eliyingqayizivele, i-ramp ayidingi ukuhamba ngokushesha - i-burging esihlabathini, ilindela nje ukuphangwa. Ukubhukuda kwezinhlanzi eduze kwama-stingrays angashintshi kusheshe kube ukulala futhi ukubulala. Eduze ne-marble stingray, inhlanzi ingafa nokufa. Abadobi bayazi ngaleli khono eliyingqayizivele le-ramp, amandla alo ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi afinyelele ezandleni futhi enze amanetha akhishwe. Ubuthi be-stingray ephilayo iyakwazi ukungena emzimbeni womuntu noma ngabe uyithinta ngenduku. Ramp efile iphephile ngokuphelele.

IMarble stingray ishaya ngamabomu ukushaqeka kukagesi ngamabomu. AmaSokisi anamandla ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwamanzi. Uma i-ramp idakiwe, kulula ukuyiphoqa ukuthi iphindaphinde ukwethuka kukagesi amahlandla amaningi. Ngosizo lwezinto zikagesi, imithambeka yemabula ivikelekile ezitheni futhi ikhiphe ukudla.

Isikhali se-stingrays ngumsila waso. Yile ndlela nje enamathela emhlatshelweni wayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-ramp idonsa umsila emuva.Inxeba lesisulu liyadwengulwa ngenxa yokuthi umsila wempisi ugcwele ngameva. I-Thistle ramp ayihlaseli nje kanjalo, ingena kulokho kuphela ngenhloso yokuzivikela. Futhi ekudleni kokudla kwama-stingrays kukhona ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks, angagaywanga ngama-stingrays ngamazinyo, kepha nge-platinamu ekhethekile kanye nemikhondo.

IStingray (impungushe yolwandle) ingumhlali wasolwandle. Umzimba wakhe ubukeka njengengwabu enomsila omncane ekugcineni. Njengomthetho, cishe zonke izinhlobo zalezi zinhlanzi zinezinhlwayi nemincele emhlane wazo.

Kusukela kusikhumbuzo, izinganekwane ezahlukahlukene ezimbi nezinganekwane, ezichazwe ezinganekwaneni ezahlukahlukene, zazisakazwa nge-fox yolwandle. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukubukeka kwabo kuyesabeka, kuyesabisa futhi kukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke izinhlobo zemisebe ezihlala ekujuleni kolwandle zinobuthi futhi ziyingozi kubantu.