Lezi zidalwa zasolwandle ngokusobala azinangqondo. Akuvamile I-Curlew. Eduze kwakhe emakhasini e-Red Book kuyanyamalala i-curlew ekhokhayo emincaneekugcineni, enye inhlobo - Far Eastern Curlew - ithi ifakiwe kulolu hlu oludabukisayo.
Okokuqala, igama lezinyoni. "I-Curlew" ekuhumusheni kusuka kwisiJalimane kusho "i-sandpiper-arc". Futhi ngempela, umlomo wabo ukhotheme.
I-Curlew ingane encane ene-Woodcock. Kuze kube muva nje, bekungekho lutho olwaziwa ngebhayoloji yakhe. UCurlew ungumntwana osenyakatho neKrasnoyarsk Territory naseYakutia. I-biotope yayo edlekayo itholakala emithambekeni yamagquma ngokhuni olugqamile kanye namathanga we-alder ephansi ne-willow, egxilwe ngemigqa emincane. I-Curlew ithatha ngokuzithandela izindawo ezishiswe ngokweqile kanye nezingxenye ze-tundra yasezintabeni. Ezindaweni ezithandeka kakhulu kunamabhangqa afinyelela kwayi-10 nge-3 km 2 ngayinye. Le nhlobo yezilwane ezinama-relict izalela ezweni lethu kuphela, kepha ubusika bumila kude eningizimu - kuya eChina, e-Australia, eTasmania, eNew Zealand. Ekuqaleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka, imihlambi emikhulu yamakhulu ama-curlews yatholakala e-Australia; kuze kube manje, amanani abo ancishisiwe kakhulu.
Kamuva nje, umcwaningi wamazwi wezinyoni uB. N. Veprintsev uthole ukuthi izingane ezisontayo zingakwazi “ukucula” ngomsila wazo onjenge-snipe. Emahoreni athule nakusihlwa, abesilisa bavuka ngamamitha angama-200 kuya kwangama-200, bese, behlela kancane, bechaza imibuthano, benza umsindo, ukhululiwe, uzwakale ngokufana nezinye izinhlobo zama-curlews. Ngemuva kwalokho inyoni, njengoba isongele amaphiko ayo, ihamba ngejubane eliphakeme iqonde phansi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuzwakala umsindo ovelelayo, okhiqizwa izimpaphe zomsila nezimpiko ezigeleza ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya ozayo. Ngaphezulu, inyoni iyakhuphuka, konke kuqale phansi.
Isidleke se-curlew-baby siseduzane nama-glades nasezindaweni ezishisiwe ezindala, ngaphansi kombhede wamagatsha amahlahla angavamile. E-clutch ekuqaleni kukaJuni kukhona amaqanda ama-4 aluhlaza okhanyayo anemifudlana e-brown. Izinsikazi zigcina ubumbano ziqine kakhulu futhi zindiza zivela ngokoqobo ngaphansi kwezinyawo zazo. Izinyoni ezihlaselayo zindiza zikhala zizungeza isidleke, kwesinye isikhathi zihlala eziqongweni zezihlahla zesikhumba ezomile.
I-Curlew-baby luhlobo olusondele kakhulu kw-Eskimo curlew, eyayihlala eNyakatho Melika. Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lolu hlobo lwendlala lwaluningi kuma-tundra kanye namaxhaphozi wezindawo ezisenyakatho ye-USA neCanada. I-Eskimo curlew kwakuyindondo evamile yokuzingela yabazingeli baseMelika abayidubulayo ngesikhathi sokufuduka nasentwasahlobo. Ukuzingela okungalawulwa kungenye yezizathu zokuqothulwa okusheshayo kwalolu hlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eArgentina ngasikhathi sinye, kwaqalwa ukulinywa okukhulu kwezindawo zobuntombi - ezindaweni zobusika bendabuko zase-Eskimo curlew. Umthelela ophindwe kabili onjalo womuntu kulezinhlobo waholela enhlekeleleni - wanyamalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba wethu.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-curlew-baby
Ubukhulu bomzimba we-Curlew mncane ngama-28-34 cm, amaphiko afinyelela ku-57-63 cm, nesisindo - amagremu ayi-150-175.
Umbala weplamu ubuswa ngamathoni ansundu. Ingaphezulu lekhanda limnyama-nsundu ngomugqa we-ocher otholakala phakathi. Umphimbo nesisu kukhona okumhlophe. Isifuba, izinhlangothi, kanye ne-goiter embozwe izimpaphe ezinemibala e-ocher ezinama-motility atholakala ngokunqenqemeni ezinhlangothini nakwezindebe esifubeni nasogobeni.
Ingane ye-Curlew (iNumenius minutus).
Izipikili zimnyama. Imilenze impunga. Uqhwaku lufushane futhi lugobile kancanyana ngombala onsundu. Amashiya akhanya.
Ama-curlews okudla kwengane kumamara, mabhungane emhlabathini, amacimbi, izinyoni ziguqula ukudla kwazo ngembewu nezithelo zezitshalo.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Curlew
Inyoni eyivelakancane inezindawo ezidlekayo ezingazodwa. Zitholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yePentral Siberian Plateau: e-Upper Khatanga basin (indawo efinyelela phezulu yoMfula i-Moyero), ezindaweni eziphakeme zoMfula iLower Tunguska (isisekelo soMfula iKochechum), ohlangothini lwe-Upper Vilyui (Lake Suringde), eceleni kwe-Upper ne-Middle Vilyuykana ( izingxenye ezingaphezulu neziphakathi koMfula uMarkha), endaweni ephezulu nephakathi koMfula i-Olenek.
Kamuva nje, umcwaningi wamazwi wezinyoni uB.N. Veprintsev uthole ukuthi izingane ezisontayo zingakwazi “ukucula” ngomsila wazo onjenge-snipe.
Indawo enkulu yokwakha izidleke itholakala enkabeni ye-Adacha neYana, eYakutia eVerkhoyanie, endaweni ephakeme yaseYana, kanye nasezithendeni ezisentshonalanga yoGwadule lwase Kharaulakh (eduzane nedolobhana laseKyusyur). Le nyoni itholakala enkabeni ephakathi ne-Indigirka. Mhlawumbe ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kulo lonke ithafa lase-Yako-Oymyakonskoy kusuka kogwebu lweChersky kuya egodini laseVerkhoyansk.
Izindlela Zokuhlwaya Ezincane
I-Curlew-baby ihlala emahlathini akhanyayo nokukhanya ezindaweni ezishisiwe, etholakala emithambekeni yeziqongo eziphansi. Ulungisa kuqala amathanga wemichilo, izibungu ezisencane, amabhula amancanyana. Ihlala ezigodini zezigodi zezintaba futhi itholakala emahlathini e-moss-lichen larch conifer.
Isidleke se-curlew-baby siseduzane nama-glades nasezindaweni ezishisiwe ezindala, ngaphansi kombhede wamagatsha amahlahla angavamile.
I-Curlew nesting
Ama-curlews afika ezindaweni ezidlekayo ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-200 ukuya kwangama-200 futhi kufana nezindiza ezindizayo ze-snipe. Izinyoni zibeka izidleke zazo eduze kwama-glade, imiphetho kanye nama-glade. Indawo yokwakha isidleke ingumgodi omncane emhlabathini oboshwe ngotshani obomile.
I-Curlew-baby luhlobo olusondele kakhulu kw-Eskimo curlew, eyayihlala eNyakatho Melika.
I-Curlew - ingane ivame ukwakha isidleke sayo endaweni eyomile ngotshani obuphansi, emaphepheni, ekushisweni, phakathi kwezihlahla ze-birch ezimfushane. Umbhangqwana ngamunye unendawo yawo yokudlela. Kwesinye isikhathi amabhangqa amabili ama-curlews atholakala eduzane. Kunzima impela ukusabisa inyoni efaka amaqanda. Kepha ama-curlews-babies awenzi imizamo yokuholela izitha ezidla kude nesidleke.
Incazelo
Ingane encane egobile ifinyelela kubude obungu-28 kuya ku-34 cm, amaphiko asuka ku-57 kuya ku-63 cm, isisindo - ukusuka ku-150 kuya ku-175 g.
I-plumage inombala onsundu kakhulu, kufaka phakathi nangaphansi kwamaphiko. Isisu simhlophe, uqhwaku lufushane, lugobile. Umdwebo wekhanda lengane egobekile kufana ne-curlew efanayoI-Numenius phaeopus), ngemivimbo ekhanyayo nebamnyama emqheleni wekhanda namashiya. Ucingo luqukethe ukuphinda impinda njalo.
I-Curlew nyembamba-ikhokhisiwe
Cishe esimweni esifanayo, esinzima kakhulu, ubusika manje sebusenzeka, mhlawumbe ngenxa ye-curlew emincane kakhulu futhi efundile. Le nyoni ebusika eMorocco naseTunisia. Njengamanje kunentuthuko enkulu yomhlaba, futhi inani lezinhlobo liyancipha. Ngo-1964, kwabalwa abantu abangama-800, ngonyaka we-1975 - 123.
Curlew izidleke ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kakhulu. Kuze kube manje njengoba le nhlobo ingafundiswanga kahle, iqiniso lokuthi kuze kube ngu-1951 kuphela esidlekeni saso esisodwa saziwa ukuthi lingasebenza. Yayinamaqanda ama-4 anombala omnqumo ophuzi, onemisipha emsundu futhi onsomi. Kwabekwa isidleke esenziwe ngotshani obomile phakathi kwamathanga e-sedge swamp. Lamaxhaphozi amakhulu anjalo, ahlangana nemigqa yezindawo ezomile ezakhiwe nge-talnik ne-birch ephansi, iyindawo ejwayelekile yokuhlala kweCurlew kulo lonke uhla lwayo lokudlekwa endaweni yomgwaqo oseningizimu yendawo ye-taiga ukusuka kuLural Range kuya esiGodini sase-Ob. EKazakhstan, sekutholakele izidleke eziyi-14 zalolu hlobo lwezinyoni. Batholakale koloni omncane, amamitha angama-2-3 ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Lezi zidalwa zasolwandle ikakhulukazi zidla izinambuzane, ama-invertebrates kanye nama-mollusks, futhi zisebenzisa ukudla kwemifino ezindizeni.
Umsebenzi wabaphenyi manje ukuthola zonke izindawo ezaziwayo zalezi zinyoni ezincane kakhulu, ezisengozini, ukuthola isikhathi nezindlela zokundiza nokwenza konke okusemandleni ukuze kungabikhona nhlekelele nge-Curlew, i-Curlew encane ekhokhiswa. isikhathi sesihlobo sabo saseMelika.
Ukufuduka Kwe-Curlew
Ukunyakaza kwengane ye-curlew akuqondwa kahle. Ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokufuduka, le nyoni ibonwa esifundeni saseLena River, esifundeni saseBaikal, eBratsk Reservoir, eMongolia eMpumalanga, eTransbaikalia, eMpumalanga naseNyakatho-East China. Ukufuduka kwenzeka ogwini lwase-Asia. Kwaqoshwa imihlambi yezinyoni eseJapan, eNhlonhlo yaseKorea, eNtshonalanga Sakhalin, eSouthern Primorye, kanye nesiqhingi saseTaiwan. Ama-curlews-baby overwinter eTasmania, e-East Australia, eNew Zealand.
I-Curlew baby inyoni engavamile, inani layo elibangela ukukhathazeka. Endaweni ye-Middle and Upper Vilyuykan, ubukhona bayo buvame kakhulu, kepha hhayi minyaka yonke izidleke eMfuleni i-Olenek. EVerkhoyanie, ngasemfuleni waseBytantay kuya engxenyeni engenhla kaF. UTara Sala uyinyoni engavamile etholakala emacaleni angawodwa. Ezindaweni ezinezimo ezinhle zokuphila kule ndawo, ubukhulu bezinyoni endaweni yezidleke buphakeme kancane. Esigabeni esiphakathi noMfula i-Oyun-Uryakh, kutholakale izimbambo eziyi-10 km ngakunye, kanye nama-brood angama-10 ezindaweni eziphezulu zeLake Tara-Sala.
Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lolu hlobo lwendlala lwaluningi kuma-tundra kanye namaxhaphozi wezindawo ezisenyakatho ye-USA neCanada.
I-Curlew on the span, Baikal, Bratsk Reservoir, Vitim Upland, kanye naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeTransbaikalia akuvamile ukubonwa. Kwiminyaka ethile, imihlambi ye-curlew iningi ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwasekwindla kuMfula i-Argun, oLwandle lwaseTorean, eSigodini sase-Onon River. Ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba, kunemihlambi yabantu abayi-10-50, kanti kwesinye isikhathi abantu abango-100-150 empumalanga yeMongolia. Imininingwane enezinombolo ezijwayelekile zokuqothulwa kusuka ebusika e-Australia ibonisa inani lezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-100,000.
I-Curlew
- Ngokwesisindo somzimba, izinyoni zingafinyelela ku-0.9-1.1 kg. Umuntu ngamunye ukhula aze afike ku-65 cm, kanti amaphiko ayahlukahluka kumamitha ayi-1. Sekuvele ukuthi isici esiyingqayizivele sezinyoni zalo mndeni sithathwa njengesiqhwaku esigobekile futhi esiphakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubantu besifazane, igoba ngokuqinile kakhulu kunabameli bokuhlangana kwabesilisa.
- Ama-curlews atholakala kakhulu endaweni yemvelo, ansundu ngombala onamabala grey kanye nama-buffy. Noma kunjalo, i-plumage ingaba nomthunzi ohlukile, isibonelo, grey, mhlophe noma i-beige ngombala onsundu. Izinyoni zitholakala emazweni ase-Asia, kanye nasezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho neziphakathi kweYurophu.
- Ngokwemvelo, laba bantu bathanda imashi. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinyoni zidla, zikhetha imvelo enjalo yokwakhiwa kwendawo yokuhlala kwezizukulwane ezizayo. Zidinga amanzi, usilika, umhlanga noma ezinye izimila eceleni komthombo. Imvamisa itholakala kuma peatlands.
I-Curlew
I-Curlew
- Ihlukile kubafowethu abakhulu nabancane. Ngokuya ngamaphiko, amaphiko afinyelela uphawu lwamasentimitha angama-80, ubude behabhulele buyehluka phakathi kwengxenye yemitha, kanti isisindo singama-0.5 kg. (abesilisa) no-0.6 kg. (izintokazi).
- Ukugqama kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene umbala wombala. Isifunda se-parietal sinsundu ngamabala amnyama, ahlukaniswe umucu wethoni emhlophe. Uqhwaku alude kangako, futhi imidwebo engenhla kwamehlo ingukukhanya kombala.
- Njengazo zonke ezinye izinyoni ezivela kulo mndeni, abantu bahlala ezindaweni eziyindida zamazwe aseYurophu. Kepha bakhetha ukwakha indlu yezizukulwane hhayi endaweni evulekile, kodwa endaweni enamahlathi, ukuze kube khona umthombo wamanzi eduze.
I-Curly Curlew
- Ngezimpawu zayo zangaphandle, ayihlukile neze kubantu abakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuthi usayizi wehlukile, mncane. Uqhwaku nalo luyafushaniswa futhi alugobi okuningi.
- Ukulungiselela ukuhlalisa endaweni enamamaki enomhlabathi omanzi. Ungathola abantu abase peatlands, kanye nasehlathini ze-birch noma ze-aspen. Uma kufika isikhathi sokuya ebusika, endiza eMorocco noma ezifundeni eziseduze.
- Namuhla, yile nhlobonhlobo yama-curlews abhekwa njengento engavamile, ebeka engcupheni, ngakho-ke avikelwe kakhulu. Isici esihlukile iqiniso lokuthi amamaki amnyama atholakala emzimbeni wenyoni.
I-Curlew
- Njengoba igama lisho, abantu abathile baphila ngobukhulu bezwe lethu. Ngokuya ngamaphiko, izinkomba zingafika ku-100 cm. Imilenze emile kanye nethoni elinsundu elimnyama kubhekwa njengento ehlukile. Isisu sezinyoni zilula, cishe zimhlophe.
- Uqhwaku, ngokufana nabantu bohlobo olukhulu, lugobile futhi luyaphakama. Njengoba abantu ngabanye behlala eRussia, bakhetha ukudleka lapha. Kepha ngezikhathi ezithile bangandiza baye eKorea noma eChina.
- Ngenxa yokuthi le nhlobo phambilini ibibandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwendawo yokuhlala yezingane ezindaweni ezivulekile, abazingeli, izimpungushe nezinja baqala ukuyicekela phansi.
I-Eskimo Curlew
- Izinhlobo esezinesikhathi zimelwe ziye zabhekwa njengezabanzi kakhulu ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala nobuningi bazo. Kuvamile e-United States of America, kanye naseCanada.
- Kodwa njengoba ama-curlews ayehlala eyisisulu sabazingeli, aqothulwa. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, abamele i-Eskimo bengazange babambe iso lomuntu.
Indlela yokuphila
- Abamele izinyoni okubhekwe ukuthi bahola, umuntu angathi, yindlela yokuphila yezenhlalo. Cishe zonke izindiza ezenziwe izinyoni zenzeka ebusuku. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu ababethuliwe bakha amakoloni amakhulu nje.
- Ezindaweni zobusika, izinyoni ezinjalo ziqongelela inani elikhulu. Esikhathini esiningi phakathi nosuku izinyoni zifuna ukudla, zingathathelwa indawo ukuthi abantu abanjalo bahambe ngokuxhamazelayo obala. Izinyoni ngezikhathi ezithile zehlisa uqhwaku lwazo ngosilika noma esihlabathini.
- Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi isigqi sempilo yama-Curlews ngqo sincike kwi-ebbs nokugeleza, hhayi ubusuku nemini, njengezinyoni eziningi. Lapho nje amanzi eqala ukusuka ogwini, abantu abethulwe bayaqhubeka nokufuna ukudla.
- Ngokushesha nje lapho kuza amagagasi, lezi zinyoni ziya eholidini. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni ziqala ukwenza imisindo enhle kakhulu futhi engajwayelekile. Ukucula kwabo kungaqhathaniswa nokudlala umtshingo. Okokwenza ubusika, abantu abathile baya emazweni ashisayo. Imvamisa kuba nesimo sezulu saseMedithera.
- Ensimini yaseRussia, laba bantu bangabonakala ekuqaleni noma maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Uma elinye lama-curlews libona ingozi eseduze ngesilo sesilwane esithandekayo, inyoni ngokuqinisekile izoxwayisa izihlobo ngokukhala okukhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi imisindo ifana ne-foal.
- Ukuphumula ubusuku, abantu abacatshangelwayo baya ezindaweni eziyodwa. Imvamisa yethulwe ngendlela yamathanga asogwini kanye notshani obukhulu. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, izinyoni azifinyeleleki ezilwaneni nakubantu. Abantu abamelwe bathanda ukulandela ukuhanjiswa kwesizini. Ngakho-ke, abahlali ngokuphila kokuhlala phansi.
Ukuzala
Abantu balo mndeni banezimfanelo zabo ezibahlukanisa kuzo zonke ezinye izinyoni. Isici esiyinhloko, kusobala, uqhwaku olugobile nolude.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenombolo nokuvikelwa kwe-curlew-baby
Uhla oluncane kakhulu, ukude kwezindawo ezidlekayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, inani elincane lamaqanda ku-clutch - 3-4 yizona zizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani inani lezinhlobo zemvelo lincane.
I-Curlew ithatha ngokuzithandela izindawo ezishiswe ngokweqile kanye nezingxenye ze-tundra yasezintabeni.
Ukuzingela izinyoni akuvunyelwe yonke indawo. I-curlew encane ifakiwe ezincwadini ezibomvu zeRussian Federation, i-Yakutia, futhi ifakwe eSithasiselweni II kwi-CITES Convention. Uhlobo olunqabile luvikelwe ngumthetho weRiphabhliki yaseSakha. Kule ndawo, sekukhonjwe izindawo zokuvikela lapho izimfuneko zokuvikela izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingandile zigcwaliseka.
Imininingwane ngobuningi, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nemvelo yezinhlobo zezilwane zidinga ukuncishiswa futhi zengezwe. Kulokhu, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinyoni ezingavamile kusizelwa izindawo ezingcwele zasendle.
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