ISteppe pika (ipika elincane) - isilwane esise-oda le-rabi-e-oda, esihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule, ihlathi-lesifunda kanye nezindawo ezise-steppe.

Indawo ekahle yalezi zilwane yindawo enezimila eziphakemeyo. Indawo yokuhlala ama-steppe pikas incane, ihlanganisa insimu yaseningizimu yeRussia neNyakatho Kazakhstan, okungukuthi, bahlala emazweni ukusuka eVolga kuye eMongolia.

Lezi zilwane zithanda ukufuya. Bakhombisa umsebenzi ebusuku. Izinambuzane ezijwayelekile zimba izimbobo ngohlelo oluningi lokufaka nokuphuma kwalo.

Ukuvela kwepika elincane

Izilwane zifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya ku-20, zinesisindo kusuka ku-150 kuya ku-280 amagremu. Izindlebe zincanyana, ziyindilinga, ngombala onsundu ngombala.

Izindlebe zakhiwa umngcele okhanyayo, kodwa ngaphakathi kwe-auricle kukhona umucu omnyama. Umsila mfishane kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqaphele. Ubude bamadevu bufika kumasentimitha ayi-5.

Ehlobo, umbala woboya ubumpunga-grey onamabala akhanyayo, ebusika, uboya bukhanya bubonakala kalula, imichilo icishe inyamalale, ngenkathi iba mkhulu. ISteppe pikas molt amahlandla ama-2 ngonyaka - ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.

Ukuziphatha kanye nokudla okunempilo kwe-pika encane

Lolu hlobo luqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi kwezingama-subspecies - ama-subspecies ase-Asia nase-Europe. Ama-steppe pikas aseYurophu ahlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yebanga eliya e-Urals. Ama-subspecies ase-Asia ahlala eKazakhstan kanye nasezifundeni zase-Asia zezwe lethu.

Abamele abase-Asia balezi zinhlobo bakhulu kancane ngosayizi wabalingani babo baseYurophu, kuyilapho benombala okhanyayo. Kunokwehluka okuncane ekwakhekeni kukakhanda. Eminye umehluko we-anatomical phakathi kwe-subspecies ayikho.

Ama-Steppe pikas akha imihlambi noma imindeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umndeni ngamunye unokwabiwa komhlaba, okuvikelekile kubantu ongabazi. Umndeni wakhe inethiwekhi enkulu yezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba.

Lezi zilwane zinezimbotshana zesikhashana nezingapheli. Okwesikhashana kusetshenziselwa ukucasha ngokushesha kumhlaseli, futhi amakamelo okudlela akhiwa emiseleni engapheli. Lawa makhamera ahlanganiswe ngamaqabunga notshani. Iphuma kwizimbobo ezingapheli imboza kahle phakathi kwezimila noma amatshe.

Ama-Steppe pikas adla ngokudla kwezitshalo: amaqabunga, utshani, imbewu, izithelo kanye namahlumela amancane. Ngoba izilwane zasebusika zenza amasheya. Okulondoloziwe akubekiwe, kepha eduze komnyango. Lapho kukhulu umndeni, kukhulu ubungako bezitoko ezenziwe. Izilwane ziqoqa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo, ukuvuna kuqala ngoJulayi.

Ebusika, ama-steppe pikas ahamba ngaphansi kweqhwa, futhi kuyaqabukela ewele phezulu. Eqhweni, izilwane ziphinde zambe imigqa, ubude bayo bungafinyelela amashumi amamitha. Ngaphezu kokubhuka, lezi zilwane zidla utshani obomile namagxolo amancane ezihlahlana.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Isikhathi sokukhwelana senzeka ngoMeyi-Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi yenza amalitha ama-2, ngalinye liqukethe cishe izingane eziyi-10. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha amasonto angama-3.5.

Izingane zizalwa ziyimpumputhe futhi zinqunu ngokuphelele. Amehlo avulwa ngosuku lwe-8, ijazi livele ngemuva kwesonto. Umama usuthisa amawele ngobisi amasonto amathathu. Eminyakeni engamaviki ayisithupha, inzalo iba umuntu mdala. Kepha izilwane ezincane azishiyi abazali bazo kuze kube intwasahlobo elandelayo, emva kwalokhu, abantu baqala ukuzinza futhi bakhe imihlambi yabo. Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zilwane endle yiminyaka emi-3.

Inani labantu liphansi, ama-steppe pikas abhalwe ku-Red Book.

Incazelo

Ama-pisahuks mancane, angaphandle afana nezilwane ze-hamsters, noma kunjalo, empeleni, ayizihlobo eziseduze zama hares ezinama-paws amafushane, izindlebe eziyindilinga nemisila engabonakali ngokuphelele ngaphandle. Ubude bezindlebe ezinhlotsheni eziningi abudluli isigamu sobude bekhanda.

Ubude bomzimba bucishe bube yi-18-20 cm. Umsila ungaphansi kuka-2 cm ubude, futhi awubonakali ngaphandle. IVibrissa ("amadevu") yinde kakhulu, kwezinye izinhlobo zedlula ngokweqile ubude bekhanda. Imicamelo yeminwe ayinalutho, noma imbozwe ngamabhulashi wezinwele. Uboya bacishe bucace: ehlobo kuba nsundu, ngesihlabathi noma obomvu, ebusika buvame ukuba mpunga. Isisindo somuntu omdala sisuka kumagremu angama-75 kuye kwangama-290, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane.

Ifomula yamazinyo: I 2 1 C 0 0 P 3 2 M 2 3 = 26 isibonisi I <2 over 1> C <0 over 0> P <3 over 2> M <2 over 3> = 26 >.

Imvamisa, ama-pikas adla amakhambi, izihlahlana, ama-mosses kanye nama-lichens.

Ama-Pisajkas ayasebenza emini nasekuseni. Uma uqaphela, angabonakala ehlezi phezu kwetshe, iziqu noma iziqu zezihlahla zamanga. Lapho behlola isimo sendawo, bavuka, bebeka izimbotshana zabo entweni ethile, kodwa bangabi "ikholamu", njengoba onogwaja, abanye bamagundane nabaphangi benza. Bazwelana kakhulu nesimo sezulu esibi futhi banciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi ngaphambi kwezimvula ezinde, bema ukulungiselela ukufakwa kosuku noma ezimbili ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu. Azizifihli, ngakho ebusika zidla ngotshani obuthelwe. Lezi zinambuzane ziqoqa utshani obusha bese ziyifaka inqwaba ize yomile. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-pikas amboza amatshe amatshe otshanini obomayo ukuze angishaywa umoya. Lapho nje utshani bomile, bayidlulisela emgodini ukuze igcinwe. Kodwa-ke, i-alpine pika kwezinye izindawo ayizimanzi izitshalo, kodwa izisusa zintsha. Imvamisa, amaphikas antshontsha utshani komunye nomunye. I-Daurian pika ivame ukudala “izinqwaba” ebusweni bomhlaba. Izintaba zibuka ukugcotshwa kwamatshe ngaphansi kwamatshe amatshe agqagqene noma lapho kuqhekeka khona phakathi kwamatshe.

Ama-pikas amaningi e-Yuria ngokuvamile ahlala emaqenjini emindeni futhi ahlanganyele izibopho zokuqoqa ukudla nokubheka izingozi ezingaba khona. Ezinye izinhlobo (ngokwesibonelo, amakhosi aseNyakatho Melika i-O. ne-O. collaris) azungeza indawo futhi ahola indlela yokuphila eseceleni ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela.

Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zohlobo zizalela kanye ngonyaka. Amanani aseningizimu akhiqiza ama-broods ama-2-3 ngonyaka, ama-2-6 amahubhula ngalinye. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25-30. Ngokungafani nama-hares, ayashingani.

Isikhumba sepika mncane, isikhumba sibuthaka futhi asikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengoboya. Akuzona ezomnotho.

Ukusatshalaliswa

UPikasu wahlukaniswa namanye ama-lagomorphs e-Oligocene. Esimweni sezimbali, zaziwa eNyakatho Afrika (Miocene), eSouth-Ntshonalanga Yurophu: IHungary, Moldova, isifunda sase-Odessa Black Sea nakwezinye izindawo zaseSouthern Ukraine (Miocene-Pliocene). Bahlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu. UPikas wangena eNyakatho Melika evela eSiberia ngomhlaba, owawusendaweni yeBering Strait yanamuhla.

Njengamanje, ama-pikas amaningi ahlala e-Asia (ezintabeni zaseVolga, eSouth Urals, eNyakatho Kazakhstan, ezintabeni zaseCentral naseCentral Asia, China, enyakatho ye-Iran, Afghanistan, India, Burma, kanye nasezintabeni zaseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, enyakatho I-Korea ne-Hokkaido), izinhlobo ezimbili - eNyakatho Melika, inhlobo eyodwa ihlala emaphethelweni asempumalanga yeYurophu.

Izinhlobo eziningi zama-pikas zivamile ezindaweni ezivulekile zamathafa asezintabeni. Cishe ingxenye yengxenye yezinhlobo yalolu hlobo ifinyelela ku-stony biotopes: amatshe amatshe, ukuphuma kwamatshe, izindawo eziphuma ezintabeni. Zimbalwa izinhlobo ezihlala e-taiga.

Ezinyaweni zaseRussia, izinhlobo ezingama-7 zephikas zimelwe. Ama-pikha amancane (ama-steppe) ama-pikha ahlala e-Orenburg nasezakhi zaseKazakhstan, iDaurian - izitebhisi zaseTyva naseSouthern Transbaikalia. Ama-Altai nama-pikas asenyakatho ahlala ezintabeni nasehlathini kulo lonke elaseSiberia, lapho kunamatshe amatshe, iMongolia itholakala hhayi eMongolia kuphela, kodwa futhi nasezintabeni ezinhle kakhulu zaseningizimu yeTyva. AmaKhentei pika ahlala endaweni yaseRussia endaweni eyodwa nje encane eTrans-Baikal Territory (e-Ehrman ridge), kanti amaManchurian ahlala ezindaweni ezifakwa ngamatshe phakathi kweSilka ne-Argun.

Ukulandela okulandelayo

Lolu hlobo luqukethe 2 subspecies:

• Okubhaliselwe abaseYurophu. Ama-steppe pikas aseYurophu ahlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yebanga eliya e-Urals. Ama-subspecies ase-Asia ahlala eKazakhstan kanye nasezifundeni zase-Asia zezwe lethu.
• Okushiwo ngabase-Asia. Abamele abase-Asia balezi zinhlobo bakhulu kancane ngosayizi wabalingani babo baseYurophu, kuyilapho benombala okhanyayo. Kunokwehluka okuncane ekwakhekeni kukakhanda.

Eminye umehluko we-anatomical phakathi kwe-subspecies ayikho.

Habitat

AmaPisahuks akhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emadwaleni asezintabeni emadwaleni, lapho kunemifantu eminingi yokucasha ezilwaneni, kanti ezinye zigaya izimbobo. Izinhlobo eziningana zepikas zihlala esigxotsheni. Imisele yazo kwesinye isikhathi ingaba nzima kakhulu futhi ibe namagumbi amaningana ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene - izidleke, ukugcina isitoko, njll. Izinhlobo zezintaba ezifanele kakhulu ukuhlala emadwaleni amatshe amnyama (amakhulu-eared, abomvu) ahlala ezikhungweni ezinkulu azimbeli imigodi nakancane futhi ahlele izidleke kuphela ezenzweni eziphakathi kwamatshe nasemajukujweni amatshe aqhekekayo. I-Altai pikas ingahlala futhi ngaphandle kwesikali, ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, ezinqwabelweni zezihlahla eziwile, lapho zinwebeka khona futhi zisule izindinyana zezindawo zazo zokuhlala. Ukumba izimbobo kuwuphawu lwabakhileyo abangena ezihlalweni ezinjenge-black-lipped, Daurian, Mongolia kanye ne-steppe pikas.

Zonke izinhlobo zinamakholoni kuze kube ngokuhlukahluka. Amashumi, amakhulukhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinkulungwane zezilwane zingahlala ezindaweni zokuhlala. Izindawo zokuhlala zihlukaniswa ngamamitha ayikhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ngamakhilomitha. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, kuvela i-alamu ezwakalayo - ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene kukhona ikhwela elikhulu noma i-twitter.

Umsoco

Ukudla kwamaphayiphu amancane aqukethe izinto ezimbili - izihlahlana zama-steppe kanye nezimfoloko. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ama-pikas adla izitshalo ezomile ngonyaka owedlule kanye namahlumela aluhlaza ap aphile wezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla, ehlobo, aqabula ekudleni, futhi futhi adla ngamaqabunga, utshani, imbewu, izithelo, kanye namahlumela amancane.

Izilwane ziqoqa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo, ukuvuna kuqala ngoJulayi. Lapho kukhulu umndeni, kukhulu ubungako bezitoko ezenziwe. Bazovuna utshani ngokufaka isigcini esisezakhi zangaphansi komhlaba, noma kaningi ezindaweni ezihlala emiseleni.

Ukuphakama kwezitaki kungafinyelela ku-45 cm!

Lapho-ke, ngezikhathi nezikhathi, beka phansi i-hay ukuze yomiswe (kusuka lapha kufika elinye igama labo - senostavki) Ezitokisini, kutholakala izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-60.

Ebusika, ipika ithanda ukuhamba ngaphansi kweqhwa, ishiye ingaphezulu kuphela uma kunesidingo. Ubude bendawo yonke embozwe yiqhwa bungafinyelela kumamitha angama-40. Idla ngotshani obomile kusuka ezitokisini ezivunwe. Ngaphezu kokubhuka, lezi zilwane zidla utshani obomile kanye namagxolo amancane ezihlahlana, ama-rhizomes, ama-bulbs, amagatsha, ama-moss, ama-lichens.

Isimo Nokuvikelwa

I-steppe pika njengamanje ingenye yezinambuzane ezingavamile kakhulu ze-Eurasia. Isici esiyisisekelo manje esiholele ekwehleni kwesibalo samapiki amancane ngumsebenzi wezomnotho wesintu, ikakhulukazi ezolimo, ezihambisana nokulima kwezindawo eziyizintombi ze-steppe.

Ngenxa yalokhu, izindawo ezijwayelekile zalesi silwane - izihlahla zezihlahla ze-steppe - ziyanyamalala. Ama-pisahuks ayaphoqeleka ukuba akhiphe ama-biotopes angashintshi kuwo, lapho asheshe afe khona.

ISteppe Pika Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN , izincwadi ezibomvu zaseRussia futhi YeKazakhstan. Isimo - isigaba se-IV. Lezi zinambuzane zivikelwe ezindaweni eziningi ezigcinakalayo, njenge: Orenburgsky State Nature Reserve, Arkaim Museum-Reserve, njll.

Njengezindlela zokuvikela, ama-pikas akwezinye izindawo anconywa:

• Ukulima okuluhlaza okotshani
• ukuvikelwa kwendawo yonke yezigcawu ze-steppe ezigciniwe,
• ukubuyiselwa komhlaba wokuphazamiseka kwe-steppe,
• Ukudalwa kwezindawo zokugcina izidumbu ezingaphansi kwamadiphozi akhula ngokweqile.

I-Pischa evamile

Inyoni ejwayelekile ye-pika, incazelo yayo ekulesi sihloko, incane kakhulu ngosayizi, incane kunondlunkulu. Unomsila oqinile, okhonjwe phansi. U-Bill mude, unokwakheka kwesikela, mncane. Amaphaphu amafushane ngezinzipho eziqinile. Ubude bomzimba wowesilisa buqala ku-110 kuye ku-155 mm, kwabesifazane - kusuka ku-121 kuye ku-145 mm. Isisindo sepikas sisukela ku-7 kuye ku-9.5 amagremu.

Uhamba kahle ezihlahleni, esebenzisa umsila wakhe oqinile ukusekelwa. Ukhuphuka isiqu, njalo uqala ukusuka ngaphansi, endaweni eyindilinga, ujikeleze isiqu. Lapho indizela kwelinye igatsha, ihlala ihlala phansi kunangaphambili. Futhi iqala ukukhuphuka isuka phansi iye phezulu.

Ihamba ngokugxuma okufushane bese uqhwaku lujikijela kuqhekeko ngalunye. Le nyoni ingenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yomlomo wayo omncane, i-pika ize ikhiphe izibungu ezibekwe ezinambuzaneni zezihlahla. Kepha akazilandeli izinambuzane ezindizayo futhi ezindizayo.

Izinyoni ezingagijima emithini yezihlahla.

Ngaphezu kwe-nuthatch, kunenye inyoni emahlathini ethu engahamba ngezihlahla ezibushelelezi - ipika. Akazishiyi izindawo azalelwa kuzo futhi azulazule ehlathini lonke ubusika nge-titmouse, nuthatch nezinye izinyoni. Kepha uma, ngenxa yezwi eliphakeme nokuziphatha okusebenzayo, okukhakhinyayo kulula kakhulu ukukulithola, awukwazi ukubona ngisho nokunyinyitheka, noma ngabe ubuka umhlambi owondlayo isikhathi eside, le nyoni encane iziphatha buthule futhi ingakholeki. Lapho, ukuze wazi i-pika, uzothola umhlambi wezinyoni esiqwini, into yokuqala oyokhangwa kakhulu yilezi zixhobo - i-chubby grey-white tits enobucwebe obumnyama obuthuntu. Imvamisa kuneningi lazo emhlanjini, futhi zihlala zisendleleni: noma zigxumela emagatsheni esihlahla somoya se-aspen, zihlola kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, bese ziwela emhlabathini noma eqhweni, zidonsa amaqabunga avuthiwe noma zixinanise omiyane abavela ezimobeni zeqhwa noma imbewu engahleliwe ye-spruce nezihlahla zikaphayini. Uzobona namanye ama-tiles: ama-grenadiers ansundu avela phezulu nezibhulukwe ezimpunga ezinde emakhanda awo, ama-Muscovites amancane anemibala emnyama enendawo ekhanyayo ngemuva emakhanda awo - akhetha ukuhlola ama-shaggy spruce paws. Yizwa "i-tweet-tweet" ejwayelekile bese uthola ngamehlo wesibhakela sigxuma egatsheni obukhulu noma sihamba ngequbhu. I-Woodpecker enkulu enamabala, evame ukuhambisana nemihlambi yezinyoni, izinika ngezwi noma ngokushaya okuthambile.

Kepha iphi ipika obefuna ukuyibona? Yiba nesineke futhi uqaphele. Nansi inyoni encane edwetshwe ngokungemthetho eyakhanya buthule ngemuva kwezihlahla yacwila esiqwini sesihlahla sikaKhisimusi eduze komhlabathi. Futhi ngokuzumayo wakhamba wenyuka esiqwini, ekhuphuka ephakeme ngokwengeziwe. Le ipika. Inyoni incane kakhulu. Futhi yize ubude bomzimba wakhe bubalelwa ku-14 cm, i.e. ngokufana nesiciko, kungenxa yomlomo omude nomsila omude kune-nuthatch. Futhi isisindo se-pika singama-8.5 g kuphela. Sicishe siphindwe kabili kathathu kunenduth.

Sondela. Ukudla akunamahloni, yize kungenjalo, emaceleni, emaceleni kugaxwe esiqwini. Kepha usuvele wakwazi ukwenza ukubonakala kwayo okukude, kube mncane futhi kugobile, kube ngathi yigobolondo elincanyana, uqhwaku, iplamu elinsundu elinemoto ekhanyayo nemivimbo emaphikweni kanye nomsila, omude nobude, njenge-Woodpecker, lapho inyoni iphumula khona lapho ihamba. Futhi lapho iphinda ivela ngemuva kwesiqu, uzobona ukuthi lonke uhlangothi oluphansi kusuka ku-chin kuya emsileni uqobo lumhlophe.

Ukubona ukuthi ipika ihamba kanjani esiqwini, futhi uyiqhathanisa nomfantu, umuntu angabona ukuthi indlela ekhuphuka ngayo kulezi zinyoni ihlukile. I-nuthatch, njengento yokudlala yewashi, igijima ngokushesha ilandule ibheke phezulu ibheke phezulu ibheke phezulu futhi ngesikhathi esifushane iyakwazi ukuhlola izingxenye ezinkulu zesiqu kanye namagatsha amakhulu. I-pika, ehleli phezu kwesiqu eduze kwesinqe ngokwayo, iqala ukukhahlela kancane emjondolo omncane iphakamise ubumfihlo, ibambelele kumagxolo ngemiphetho yezimpaphe eziqinile nezishubile zomsila. Uma i-pika idinga ukuhamba eceleni, ibeka ama-paws ayo ngokuqinile futhi, ngokushintshana iwela ngaphezu kwayo, ihamba ngendlela ekhethiwe. Uma udinga ukwehla kancane, ubuye emuva ngokucophelela, uncike emsileni wakhe futhi uphakamise ikhanda lakhe phezulu. Akakwazi ukwehla esitezi phansi njengendoda. Kuliqiniso, ngokungenela egatsheni eliwugqinsi oluvundlile, ipika ingahamba ngalo isuka ezinhlangothini zombili ezingenhla nangaphansi. Lapho isifinyelele cishe ngaphezulu, iphaya indiza iya phansi kwesiqalo esilandelayo bese iqala ukukhuphuka okusha in spiral.

Iwela phakathi kweziqu, i-pika enomlomo omncane ogobile ihlola umgodi ngamunye wegxolo noma uqhekeko lokhuni, ikhetha ama-invertebrates amancane afihlekile noma ajiyile ngenxa yokubanda.Ama-pikas okondla kakhulu angabonakala kuma-conifers: ama-spruces namaphayini. Kepha uhlola ezinye izihlahla naphakathi kokufuduka nobusika ekwindla uvame ukungena ezindlini zezithelo, aqothule iziqu zemithi yama-apula, amapheya nezinye izihlahla zezithelo.

Ehlobo, mabhungane amancane adla ngokudla ekudleni kwama-pikas, ikakhulukazi ama-weevil, amabhungane angamagxolo, nozingela bamaqabunga. Ebusika - izimbungulu ezifanayo, kanye namazeze obumba kanye ne-aphid. Ubhubhisa amaqanda amaningi we-Lepidoptera eyingozi: i-scoop, amabhu, imichilo yesikhwama. Imbewu yamaConifers nayo idlala indima enkulu ekudleni kobusika, ikakhulukazi eduze kwentwasahlobo, lapho izigaxa ziqala ukuvula. ESiberia, izingcezwana ezincane zikaphayini we-pern kernel kwesinye isikhathi zazitholakala esiswini sikaphayiphu - izinyoni zazizilanda ezindaweni lapho zondla khona izinkuni, uphayi wamantongomane kanye namajeyisi. Ngakho ukusho, izinsalela zethebula lekhosi.

Ekupheleni kosuku, sekuhwalala, pikas hamba ubusuku. Babodwa, bagibela emgodini noma bagobe ngaphansi kwamagxolo avuthiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindlini zokukhosela zifihla ebusuku, hhayi ebusika kuphela kodwa futhi ehlobo. Akulula ukuthi izinyamazane, ikakhulukazi izinyoni, zikhuphuke ikhodi eye yangena ngaphansi kwegxolo lamagobolondo, futhi ebusika, kubonakala sengathi ebusuku abathinteki kakhulu hhayi ngabazingeli, kodwa ngamakhaza amakhulu. Ngemuva kobusuku bangeziqhwa kakhulu, ngithole amaphayiphu aqandisiwe ngaphansi kwesiqu.

Izwi le-squeak liyimpempe enokuthula ecashile enamazwibela amancane athi "tsii-tsii." Ungaluva le kholi kuphela. Futhi iculo lasentwasahlobo, yize lithule, kodwa kunalokho limnandi futhi liyathandeka endlebeni, liqukethe uchungechunge lwezinto ezisheshayo.

Emahlathini asezingeni eliphakathi lwengoma, ama-pikas angazwakala kwesinye isikhathi ukusuka ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Imvamisa kusatshalaliswa kusuka ezihlahleni ezinkulu zikaKhisimusi, emiqheleni obukhulu lapho kungaba nzima khona ukubona umculi omncane. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kusele ezinye izingoma ezimbalwa ehlathini, ungalalela izwi labanyakazayo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kepha ngo-Ephreli, lapho izinyoni eziningi zibuya ebusika, ukucula ngokuthula kwamapiki kulahlekile kwiywaya evamile.

I-pestling imvamisa iqala ukudla maphakathi neRussia ukusuka engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli. Ekukhetheni kwezindawo zesidleke, i-pika imvelaphi kakhulu futhi imvamisa ayinazo izimbangi zezikhala zokuhlala. Le nyoni ingabikwa njengezidleke eziyize kuphela ngokubhuka. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama-pikas abesifazane (futhi wakhela isidleke sodwa) ahehwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zemikhonto emincane. Lokhu ukuqhekeka okujulile esiqwini noma ukuhlukana kwesihlahla esiqhekekile, indawo emincane ngaphansi kwamagxolo aqinile wesigaxa eside se-birch, noma umgodi omncane onjalo ongathandeki ukuheha noma iyiphi enye inyoni.

Lapho esethole indawo efanelekile yidivayisi yesidleke, i-pika iqala ukuletha ama-spruce acwebile noma amagatsha e-birch futhi yenza isitezi sawo kusuka kuwo. Ngenxa yobuncane bendawo ekhethwe kuyo isidleke, isidleke samaphaphu singacindezelwa ngokuqinile sisuka ezinhlangothini, futhi iziphetho zamagatsha omile zivame ukunamathela ngaphandle kwegebe noma ngaphansi kwamagxolo. Maphakathi esidlekeni kubekwa udoti omncane oyindilinga ongu-4,5-5 cm ububanzi kanye nokujula okungama-3-3,5 cm. Ifakwe ngezinto ezifudumele ezifudumele: Imicu yezitshalo, uboya bezakhamuzi ezinezinyawo ezine emahlathini endawo nezinsiba ezincane zezinyoni. Lapho evakashele ihlathi ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, isazi sezemvelo esiqaphile singaphawula ukuthi inyoni encane ngaphansi ikhuphuka kanjani phakathi kwesiqu iye emgodini onamagatsha owomile noma yonke inqwaba yezinto ezibonakalayo ezithambile kuwo.

Ngenxa yokwakhiwa okungajwayelekile nendawo okuhlala kuyo, isidleke sama-squirrels, kanye nesidleke sombeleki, kungahlukaniswa kalula izidleke zezinye izinyoni ngisho nalapho izinyoni ngokwazo zingekho duzane noma isidleke sesishiywe isikhathi eside ngamathoyizi akhulile.

Imvamisa, i-pika yesifazane iqala ukubeka amaqanda engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngesizathu esithile, njengesimo sezulu esibi isikhathi eside, inyoni iyayeka ukwakha isidleke, bese-ke ukuqala kokubekwa kubambezeleka cishe inyanga. Kepha ngokujwayelekile, engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, ezidlekeni zamaphaphu kufanele kube ukubeka amaqanda ngokugcwele noma amachwane. I-pestle ibeka amaqanda amane kuya kwayi-7 (kaningi kuya ku-6-7). Amaqanda e-pika anobukhulu obuyi-15 x 11 mm nesisindo esingaba ngu-1.1-1.2 g angenye yezinto ezincane kunazo zonke ezitholakala ezidlekeni zezinyoni ezihlala eRussia. Amasosha kuphela namakhosi anamaqanda amancane amancane. Amaqanda anombala omhlophe, onamabala amancane abomvu kakhulu, afakwe kancanyana emaphethelweni amnyama. Amaqanda ezinye izinyoni eziningi ezihlala emahlathini, ezinjengezithoni, zinemibala efanayo. Kepha ama-red ripples kuwo avame ukuba makhulu futhi usayizi wechaphazelo likhulu.

Ama-pikas abesifazane kuphela afaka i-clutch impela emavikini amabili, kanti owesilisa uyondla ngalesi sikhathi. Lapho amachwane edonsa, insikazi ikhipha amagobolondo amaqanda bese iphonsa kude nesidleke. Ama-passerines amaningi enza lokhu, kepha angikaze ngithole amagobolondo eqanda le-nuthatch. Mhlawumbe akakhiphi amagobolondo ngaphandle kwakhe.

Izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu ngemuva kokuqandeka, amaphayiphu asakhula ashiya isidleke. Namanje abazi ukuthi bazindiza kanjani, futhi, sebephumile endaweni yokuhlala enyinyekile, bhaqa isiqu. Ngokusho kombala, abakhukhumali (igama elithi "ukukhukhumala"), nokho-ke, ababalungeli kakhulu, ngoba bashiya isidleke ngezinyawo) futhi abahlukile kakhulu kwizinyoni ezindala. Kepha ayabonakala kalula ngomlomo omfushane onobuhlalu obuphuzi obuphuzi emilebeni yomlomo. Izimpiko kanye nomsila kubukeka kufushane, njengoba izimpaphe nezimpaphe zomsila zingakakhuli ngokuphelele futhi kwavela ezingxenyeni zophondo. Amaqhubu ama-fluffs akhanyayo eside ayabonakala ekhanda le-pika encane, enikeza inkukhu ukubukeka okuhlekisayo nokuthinta inhliziyo. Lapho ngiqala ukubona ipecker lisuka nje esidlekeni, kwabonakala limnandi kimi kangangokuba ngafuna ngokushesha ukuloba. Kepha inkukhu ayizange ihlale umzuzwana futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi izama ukukhasa. Ngakho-ke isithombe esihle, ngeshwa, azange sisebenze.

Ama-pikas amadala adla izingane zawo ezinye izinsuku eziyishumi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpaphe ekugcineni zikhula ezimbizeni ezincane futhi izinqwaba ezihlekisayo ze-fluff ekhanda ziyanyamalala. Ngokushesha, amachwane azimele.

Naphezu kokuqala kokudlekwa, ama-pikas aba ne-clutch eyodwa kuphela ngesizini.

Ngaphezu kokujwayelekile (i-Certhia Familifris), eRussia ungathola futhi i-pika enezinwele ezimfushane (C. brachydactila). Le nhlobo isabalele emahlathini aseNtshonalanga naseningizimu Yurophu, e-Asia Minor naseNyakatho Afrika (Algeria). Kepha sine-pika enezinyawo ezimfushane ibonakala kuphela emahlathini aqothulayo eCaucasus eseduze kwaseSochi. Kodwa-ke, yangaphandle ifana kakhulu ne-pika ejwayelekile kangangokuba kuphela isazi semvelo noma isazi se-ornithologist esingayibona. I-pika emfushane emfushane ihlukile kulena ejwayelekile yokuthi isifuba sayo nesisu sayo sicekeceke, ngaphandle kwe-sheen silky, kanti ne-tint ebomvu ibakhona ngombala wangemuva, nokho ivezwa buthaka. Kulula ukuhlukanisa lezi zinyoni ngamazwi azo. I-pecker enezinwele ezimfushane ibiza kakhulu futhi iphansi ngezwi - "tweet-tweet", kanti nengoma ngandlela-thile ifana nengoma yelensi ejwayelekile.

ENtshonalanga, i-pika enezinwele ezimfushane ivame ukudlekwa emaphethelweni ezakhiwo zamapulangwe ngisho nasepulangwe izinkuni.

Emahlathini asezintabeni ase-Central Asia, amaTien Shan namaHimalaya, kuhlala iHimalayan pika (C. himalayana). Kukhulu kancane kunokujwayelekile, kuze kufike ku-15 cm ubude, kube noqhwaku olude nezimpaphe zomsila ezungezwe emaphethelweni. Ihlala isemjunipha, endaweni efanayo, emihumeni yeziqu, nasezidlekeni.

Sekukonke, kuhlobo lwama-pikas weqiniso (i-Certhia), kunezinhlobo ezingama-5-8. Zonke zihlukahluka ngosayizi omncane (10- 10 cm ubude no-8-10 8-10 wesisindo) futhi ziyefana kakhulu. Kutholakala emahlathini ase-Eurasia, eNyakatho Melika naseNyakatho ne-Afrika.

Ama-Pisahuks angawuchungechunge olufanayo nolwamahashe. Umndeni une-genus eyi-1 nezinhlobo ezingama-20. Izilwane zihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo zase-Eshiya nasezintabeni ezikhuphuka ogwini olusentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ama-Pizukhs akhipha izibonakaliso ezahlukahlukene zomsindo - ukusuka ekhweni elikhulu kuya ku-twitter. Ukwakheka kwemizimba yabo, lezi zilwane ezincane zifana nezingulube zegiya. Zinezindlebe ezimfishane ezifanayo nezibanzi, izinwele ezimfushane nomsila ongafinyeleleki. Umbala wejazi ungwevu onsundu. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-12 kuye kuma-25 cm, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Isisindo: 100-400 g.

Iningi lama-pika lihlala ogwadule, izihlabathi ezinamadwala namawa. Amanye ama-pikas ahlala ezintabeni, amanye ahlala ezintabeni ezivulekile. Izinhlobo ezinjenge-steppe pika zihlala, njengonogwaja, emindenini enkulu ohlelweni lomshini ongaphansi komhlaba. Ama-pikas aseMelika ngokuvamile ahlala indlela yokuphila eyedwa ezindaweni zawo, imingcele yawo ivikela ngentshiseko izivakashi ezivela ezilwaneni zazo. Izindawo zitholakala ukuze abesilisa nabesifazane bengomakhelwane, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho namakhaya abo ahlangana. I-Altai pikas zivame ukugcinwa ngababili. Onke ama-pikas ahola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke nokudla yedwa. Ebusika, azizifihli, ngakho-ke ekwindla zenza amasheya ebusika.

Imvamisa pikas aqhubeka nokudla ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Zidla izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo, ziququde kuwo ngamazinyo anjenge-chisel. Iphaya lomhlathi eliphansi lisuka ngapha nangapha. Lapho zifuna ukudla, izilwane zidlula umkhawulo wazo. Ekwindla kufanele benze umsebenzi onzima wokuqoqa imali enkulu ebusika. Amanye ama-pikas, ngaphambi kokucasha izimpahla endaweni yokukhosela phakathi kwamatshe, omisa utshani elangeni. IPishukha ihlela “izitaki” emathafeni, imvamisa ibabeka ngamatshe ukuze umoya ungashayi utshani. I-Alpine pika ihlukaniswa neqiniso lokuthi ayizomezeli izitshalo, kepha “zivuna” izintsha. Njengamahabhu nogwaja, ipika idla udoti wayo, idonsa amavithamini abalulekile nama-carbohydrate.

Ama-pikas ahlala emiseleni engaphansi komhlaba anezizukulwane eziningi. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubo yi-steppe pika. Ezindaweni ezinotshani obuluhlaza, izilwane azinalo nhlobo ithuba lokucasha kwabazingeli, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwenani labantu. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okuhlala izinyanga ezimbalwa unyaka, amaphiki abesifazane abe nezingane ezi-3-4, kuleyo naleyo engamazinyane angama-2 kuya kwangu-13. Ama-Pikas ahlala enyakatho yebanga akuvamile ukuba abe nezingane ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kufushane kakhulu, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25-30 kuphela. Eminyakeni engu-5 yezinsuku, amawundlu asevele ahamba kahle, yize ehlala eyimpumputhe, ngoba amehlo avuleka kuphela ezinsukwini eziyi-8-9 ngemuva kokuzalwa. Amakhowe adla ubisi lwebele amasonto amathathu. Izinsuku ezingama-3-4 ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuqunjelwa, ama-pikas amancane ashiya isidleke bese aqala ukondla ngotshani. Amaphayiphi asencane angena ebusheni eneminyaka engama-30.

Ama- “haystacks” ama-pikas aseMelika afinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-60. Umuntu ngamunye oshaya izimbali udonsa ama-16-16 kg we-hay ebusika. Amaphayi, ahlala eSiberia, akha imigudu ngaphansi kweqhwa. Izinsika zamaphaphu ezilwane zimbozwe izinwele, ezikhuthaza ukuhamba kwazo ematsheni abushelelezi. Amaphayi, ahlala eMongolia, azakhela izingqinamba zawo ngokuzungeza amatshe aze afike kububanzi obuyi-1 m.

Kuze kube ngekhulu le-18, ama-pikas ayengachazwanga, ngoba ayehlala ezindaweni ezikude, ezingenabantu. Lezi zinsuku zisetshenziswa njengezilwane zaselebhu.

Izinto Ezihlobene:

AmaPisukhs, noma amasenostavtsy, ngombono wami, angenye ye-hare-like ethinta inhliziyo. Angikhumbuli kahle ukuthi ngithole nini ngabo, kepha kusukela ngaleso sikhathi angikayeki emcabangweni wokuhamba ngomkhumbi ukuze ngijwayelane nalezi zilwane. Futhi ngenkathi ubusika nama-pikas belele (cha, abalali, kepha ngaphezulu kulokho kamuva) ngaphansi komhlaba, kunesikhathi sokufunda ngokuningiliziwe konke okwaziwayo ngabo.

Ngakho-ke, ama-pikas, nawo angama-senostavtsy noma i-senostavki, uhlobo lwe-Ochotona. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezivela ku-oda onogwaja (esigcawini, ngaphezu kwalezo ezinambuzane, nazo zikhombe amahhashi kanye nogwaja). Kusenezinyoni ze-roe (i-Certhia, futhi, ngendlela, iqembu elithakazelisa kakhulu), kodwa mayelana nazo ngesinye isikhathi.

Habitus. Ubude bama-senostavets cishe amasentimitha angama-20, umsila mncane futhi ungabonakali. Kubukeka njengabancane abanama-hares noma ama-hamsters. Ehlobo, isikhumba senziwe ngombala onsundu, ebusika siyakhanya.

Amaphayi - izidalwa ezinhle

Ukusatshalaliswa. AmaSenostavants ahlala eNyakatho Melika (2 izinhlobo), eYurophu (1 izinhlobo) nase-Asia (izinhlobo eziningi, ukusuka esifundeni saseVolga kuya eMyanmar). E-Russia, sinezinhlobo ezi-7. Abasondele kubo bonke abavela eMoscow kukhona izitebhisi zesifunda sase-Orenburg neKazakhstan. Lokho kulapho futhi ngicabanga ukuhamba. Uma kwenzeka, imephu yokusatshalaliswa, ama-pikas ngokuzumayo ahlala eduze kwakho?

Ukusatshalaliswa Pikas e-Eurasia

Ukudla ngokuziphatha. Sisondela ezithakazelisa kakhulu. I-Herbivores. Imifino kumenyu yayo, izilwane azibandakanyi nje kuphela, kepha kuhlolwa inani lomsoco lohlobo ngalunye lotshani. Ngokusho kwezifundo ezikhethekile (uChapman noFlux, 1991, Fitzgerald, et al., 1994) USenostavtsy ukhetha amakhambi anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni nama-lipids, kanye nokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuphakelayo kwe-namanzi kuyabanjwa kakhulu, sibonga ukuthi ama-pikas kwezinye izindawo angenza ngaphandle kwamanzi nhlobo. Izitshalo eziqukethe ubuthi azidliwanga yizilwane, kepha zingagcinelwa ubusika. Iqiniso liwukuthi lobu buthi busebenza njengezivimbelalwazi futhi busiza ukugcina izinsalela zibanda busha bonke ubusika. Ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, izinto ezinobuthi kusuka kwezicubu zezitshalo ziyaqhekeka futhi lokho “kudla okusemathinini” kuyahleleka.

Izinambuzane Little ziqoqa hay ebusika
Inqwaba yeSenostavki

Imvelaphi yegama. Kungani senostavtsy? Kodwa ngoba baqoqa okutholakalayo ngokufaka amasheya amancane! IHay ivunwa ehlobo, kuze kutholakale izinhlobo ezingama-30 zamakhambi otshanini. Ukuphakama kwe- “hay” enjalo kungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-30!

Kungani pikas? Yonke into ilula: ukubona inyamazane, i-squeak ikhipha umgobho wokuhlaba, ixwayisa lonke iqembu ngengozi.

USenostavka ufuna inyamazane.

Indlela yokuphila. Ama-Pikas ahlala ngamaqembu emiseleni noma emifantwini ephakathi kwamatshe nezimpande zezihlahla ezinkulu. "Umndeni" ngamunye unensimu yakhe, ekhonjiswa amamaki wamakhemikhali, futhi, yi-huts. Lezi zinhlobo zombili zepikas zaseMelika ziziphatha kahle, zihlala zodwa futhi zihlangane ngokuzalaniswa kuphela.

Ensimini, ngaphezu kwezimbobo zokuhlala, imisele yesikhashana ivame ukutholakala, ngokusobala, isetshenziselwa ukufihla izilwane ezidla ezinye. Zikhosela ngemisele emide futhi zidla ngotshani obelugcinwe. Ngezikhathi ezithile babeka imigudu ngaphansi kweqhwa, lapho behamba khona, beqoqa imifino embozwe yiqhwa nama-lichens. Bangadla futhi amagxolo nezinaliti njengezengezo zokudla.

Ukuthengwa kuqala phakathi maphakathi nehlobo

Ukuzala kwenzeka ehlobo, insikazi inika amalitha ama-2 ama-pikas amancane ayishumi nambili. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe inyanga. Eminyakeni engamasonto ayisithupha, amaSenostavians aba ngabantu abadala. Futhi ama-pikas ahlala emvelweni iminyaka engama-3-7.

Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala

IPisukha iyinyoni ehola indlela yokuphila engahlali njalo. Kuvamile eYurophu. Futhi eNyakatho Asia, Canada naseMelika (USA). E-Russia, i-pika ingatholakala engxenyeni yaseYurophu, kusukela e-Arkhangelsk nokuphela ngeCrimea kanye neCaucasus. Akukho nyoni enjalo kuphela e-steppe nasezindaweni lapho izihlahla zingakhuli khona. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ingandizela kude kakhulu komkhawulo wohla lokuzalela. Ngokuvamile kutholakala emadolobheni amancane. E-Asia, ipika itholakala ebhande lasehlathini laseSiberia, empumalanga yeSakhalin kanye nolwandle lwase-Okhotsk, eningizimu yeTien Shan, iMongolia, iNyakatho Iran neKazakhstan.

Ama-prefers aqeda amahlathi aqobayo, ahlanganayo futhi axubile. UPisheha ukhetha izihlahla ezindala. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, ukhetha amahlathi amadala ahlanganayo futhi axubile. Imvamisa, iyabonakala kumaConifers. Ngesikhathi sokuzulazula kutholakala ezingadini, emapaki, emihlathini - nomaphi lapho izihlahla zikhula khona.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inyoni ye-pika: umbala

Umhlane wepika ungwevu noma ubomvu onsundu, unamabala amhlophe qwa. I-Loin ne-nadhvste - grey brown. Isisu simhlophe, silky. Izimpiko ezindizayo zinombala onsundu okhanyayo namabala amancane akhanyayo. Ama-helmsmen anombala ofanayo, kepha anemiphetho ekhanyayo nama-superstars.

Beak brownish ngaphezulu futhi kube lula ngaphezulu. UBrown iris. Imilenze inombala ofanayo, kepha ngombala onsundu. Kuma-pikas amasha, amabala angemuva ayindilinga, kubantu abadala - abade. Umbala wezinsizwa uthambile ngaphezulu, futhi isisu siphuzi.

I-bird Pika: Ukuchazwa Kokuzala

Isikhathi sokukhwelana kumapikas siqala ngoMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungabona ukulwa kwabesilisa nokuthi bacula kanjani. Izinzwa zakha ama-pikas ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okokuqala khetha indawo ngokucophelela. Izinambuzane zithanda imbobo emincane noma amagxolo aqinile. Kepha isidleke sihlala siphansi.

AmaPisas akha izidleke kusuka ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumi nambili. Kepha abesifazane kuphela abazilungiselela bona, abesilisa abanandaba nezizukulwane ezizayo.Ngaphansi kwesidleke kuvame ukuba neplatifomu evulekile futhi iqukethe izingcezu zamagxolo namagatsha acishe abe mncane. Zibhekene nodonga lomgodi. Kuyavela ukuthi isidleke asilali kuso, kodwa siyaqinisa phakathi. Ngaphezulu, indawo yokuhlala yakhelwe kusuka kumicu ye-bast exutshwe izingcezu ezincane zegxolo, i-lichen, izinkuni kanye namaqhubu e-moss. Ngaphakathi, ifakwe emisebeni eminingi emincane exutshwe noboya, ama-cobwebs, kanye namakhukhunathi ezinambuzane.

Ipika elijwayelekile lizalela amaqanda amahlanu kuya kwayisikhombisa. Isishiyagalombili noma nesishiyagalolunye akuvamile kakhulu. Amaqanda anombala obomvu, anamachashazi namachashazi. Zisemaphethelweni amaningi. Kwesinye isikhathi ekwakhiweni kwamaqanda kukhona amaqanda amhlophe anendawo ebonakalayo ebomvana.

Insikazi ibamba i-clutch kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-13 kuya kwezingu-15. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, amaphuphu ahlala esidlekeni ngasikhathi sinye. Owesifazane uyazondla ngezicabucabu nezinambuzane ezincane. Amachwane e-clutch yokuqala aqala ukundiza ngoMeyi-Juni. Kusukela kwesibili - ngoJuni-Julayi. Lapho eseqinisile, amaphuphu aqala ukuzulazula, kepha hhayi ukundiza kude nesidleke.

I-Molting

I-Pisukha inyoni i-molting ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Uqala ukushintsha amapula ngoJulayi. UMoult uphela ngoSepthemba. Ezinyoni ezindala, le nkathi ihlala kusuka kuJuni kuya ku-Agasti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphiko amakhulu e-contour angawokuqala ukuguquka. Amancane - kamuva, ekugcineni kokuncibilika. Ngemuva kokushintshwa kwenqwaba, iba sobala. Futhi umbala wezimpaphe ubomvu.

Indlela yokuphila yePiku

I-pika ejwayelekile umpofu omncane futhi iyindiza. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi izindiza kuphela ezivela esihlahleni esisodwa ziye onyaweni kwesinye. Ngenxa yemilaza emide futhi egobile, le nyoni inamathela kakhulu kubhungane. Ama-Pikas aphila kakhulu asakazeke. Abashadile. Kepha lapho kufika ekwindla, bajoyina imihlambi. Futhi nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Isibonelo, nge-titmouse.

Kumakhaza, angakwazi ukuhlala endandeni eminyene yezinyoni eziyi-10-15, afudumele. Ekwindla, ama-pikas afuna izindawo ezinenqwaba yezihlahla - amapaki, izikwele, amahlathi. Kepha kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka, izinyoni zinezindawo zazo zokudla nezokulala, ezizivikela ngokuvikela.

IPisukha iyinyoni engesabi. Lapho isifuna ukudla, noma ibona umuntu, ngeke indize.

Uyakwazi nokucula. Kuliqiniso, iTrill yakhe iphindwe kabili, njengesikhonkwane sokubhoboza. Owesibili uhlala ephansi kunowokuqala.

Njengoba umsila we-pika uyisisekeli lapho ufuna ukudla, kusula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi izimpaphe ziyaqaqanjelwa. Ngakho-ke, umsila wale nyoni uncibilikisa kaningi ukwedlula yonke iplamu.

Ukuthola i-pika akulula. Uhlala njalo engahloniphi, futhi umbala wezinwele zakhe ungabonakali kahle. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, uma ubona into efanelekile eqhweni, isengagxumela kuyo. Ebamba inyamazane, uphinda aphuthume esiqwini.

Ekupheleni kobusika, ipika iba namandla amaningi, iphilile. Emithini yeziqu, uqala ukukhasa ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi lapho ehlangana nezihlobo, ulwa ngisho.

Le nyoni encane enomusa yaqanjwa igama layo ngezwi elincane. Imisindo eyenziwe yipika ifana kakhulu nesipak. Kungokuka-Passeriformes we-oda, umndeni we-alpine. Ubukhulu bayo bukhulu kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ngisho nokubona inyoni. Iyashukuma, njengomthetho, ikhuphuka njalo futhi ihle esihlahleni, okwenzeka izinsuku zayo ifune izimbungulu, izicabucabu nezibungu zezinambuzane.

Ubukhulu bomzimba wenyoni encane ngamasentimitha ayishumi nambili kuphela, futhi isisindo sawo sifinyelela kumagremu ayishumi nanye.

Ukhetha ukuhola impilo yosuku. Ebusuku, ama-pikas, njengomthetho, ahlala ubusuku nemihlambi yawo, futhi phakathi nosuku afuna ukudla emthini ngamunye. Lezi zingane ziphila iminyaka ecishe ibe yisikhombisa, kabili ngonyaka zenza amaqanda zibekelwe inani lezicucu ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha.

Habitat

Ensimini yaseYurophu, ungathola izinhlobo ezimbili ezivela emndenini wepikas. Kuyinto pika ezejwayelekile nezimfishane . Ngaphandle, kunzima ukuwahlukanisa, ngisho nangokuhlolisisa. Kepha lezi zinyoni zinokucula okuhlukile, ngokuya ngokuthi lezi zinhlobo zihlanganyela kanjani.

EHimalaya, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zepika, ipika likaHodgson elihlukaniswe isikhathi eside. Ngaphandle, lezi zinyoni ziyahlukahluka kwezinye izici zezimpawu. Ngakho-ke, ipika laseNepalese likhanya kakhulu, kanti ipika enekhanda elimdaka ngombala omnyama womphimbo kanye nezinhlangothi ezifanayo. Izinhlobo zeHimalayan zinemibalabala engaphezulu. Intula umbala ofanayo wazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Izinyoni zaseMelika nezaseYurophu ziyafana .

Le nyoni ithanda indlela yokuphila exazululiwe. Ngesinye isikhathi, ama-pikas azulazula emaphaketheni azungeze le ndawo, azama ukuhamba amabanga amade. E-Russia, zitholakala yonke indawo lapho izihlahla zikhula khona. Azigcini nje kuphela esisekelweni se-steppe naseFar North.

I-pika ejwayelekile iyizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezivela pika yomndeni. Ihlala kuwo wonke amahlathi athambile, ukusuka enyakatho ye-Ireland kuye eJapan. Lezi zinyoni azihambi. Kuphela yilabo abahlala enyakatho abangandiza baye ezindaweni eziseningizimu kakhulu ekwindla. Futhi ama-pikas ahlala emahlathini asezintabeni ebusika angahle ehle.

Okudingayo

Ukudla okujwayelekile kwalezi zinyoni kuqukethe:

• amabhungane amabhungane
• izicabucabu
• izibungu
• amaqanda ezinambuzane nepupae,
• tshala imbewu.

Indawo yama-pikas ajwayelekile esekhuluma ngokwenzelwa kusengaphambili kwakhe kwesisu. Njengoba ihlala emahlathini ezihlahleni, inyoni ibheka izinsuku ngomlomo wayo obukhali wezinambuzane ezisegangeni lesihlahla. Kaningi kungabonakala emithambekeni yemifula namachibi. Futhi nasezivandeni ezilahliwe kanye namahlathi e-coniffort.

Kuyathakazelisa ukukhishwa kokuphakelayo. Iphumula nomzimba wonke ngosizo lomsila oqinile futhi idonsa izinambuzane kusuka emihlathini. Ngokungafani ne-Woodpecker, elindela ukuthi ohlukunyeziwe akwazi ukukhasa yedwa, i-pika iyenza isebenze kakhulu futhi isheshe.

Ukudla okuthandayo kwalezi zinyoni kungamabhungane amabhungane . Kulokhu, ipika ingabizwa ngokuthi abaphilisi behlathi. Kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, lezi zinyoni ezisebenza kanzima ziyakwazi ukubhubhisa izinambuzane eziningi zezihlahla.

Ngemuva kokuthola umuthi ogcwele izinambuzane, inyoni izobuyela kaningi kuyo iphinde ihlole futhi kusukela phansi kuya phezulu.

Ezinyangeni zobusika, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukuthola izinambuzane, izinyoni zidla amaConifers noma imbewu ehlukahlukene.

Le nyoni indiza amabanga amancanyana amfishane , uncamela ukuchitha usuku lonke esihlahleni asithandayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinyoni zithanda ukuhlala emihlambini, ama-pikas asethubeni lokuba yedwa. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo kuphela lapho lezi zinyoni zingabonakala eqenjini. Yini ephawuleka, bavame ukubethelwa emihlambini yezikhumba eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi bahlala becindezelwe ngokuqinile kanye nabo, bebalekela isithwathwa.

Ipika elijwayelekile lithanda ukumaka insimu yalo futhi liyivikele ngesibindi kwezinye izinyoni. Ngokumangazayo, ayesabi umuntu futhi, ngokuvamile, ihlukaniswa ngokungesabi okuthile kuzo zonke izilwane nezinyoni.

Ebusika, i-pika iwela esimweni sokuvilapha, kodwa ukuqala kwentwasahlobo kubuye kusebenze kakhulu . Ibona ukudla kusendleleni noma emgaqweni, iphula isihlahla ibambe, kepha emva kwalokho ihlala ibuyele emagatsheni.

Kaningi ungayibona i-shaggy kanye nomsila omncane omfushane wale nyoni encane. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa njalo, nomsila, njengoba wazi, usebenza njengokusekelwa kwawo, izimpaphe ziyaqhuma futhi ziphume. Ngakho-ke, kuma-pikas, ukuncibilika komsila kuvame ukwenzeka.

Iliys Pishukha: Incazelo

Hlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-31 zephikas. Isikhala esikhulu akuyona indawo eyanele entendeni yesandla somuntu omdala, kepha abancane kunazo zonke bangazizwa bekhululekile ngisho nasentendeni yengane encane. Ukuvela "komvundla womlingo" kufana kakhulu nama-hamsters.

Lezi zilwane ezihlobene kakhulu nama hares zinobude bomzimba obuyi-18-20 cm nesisindo esingu-75-290 g, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Umsila we-pikas awunakuqhathaniswa ngokuphelele, ubude bawo abudluli amasentimitha amabili. Izindlebe zabo ziyindilinga, zimfishane. Imilenze yephiko icishe ifane ngobude, ngaphandle kokuthi imilenze yangemuva yinde kancanyana kuneyangaphambili. Benza umsebenzi wokuhamba ngokuqina, kwesinye isikhathi izindawo ezime mpo ezitholakala emadwaleni, futhi bayadingeka nasekugodini izimbobo.

Amaphinifa eminwe awanalutho, kwesinye isikhathi ambozwe izinwele. Ihlobo lasehlobo linombala ofanayo: grey, brown, red, sand. Ebusika, ijazi lincane kancane, amathoni grey anqobayo.

Adlani ama-pikas?

Lezi zinyoni azenzeki kuma-feeders, ngoba ukudla kwazo kuyizinambuzane nezicabucabu. Bababheke, bahlole imifantu ku-cortex, ngosizo lomlomo omude omncane onqenqekile ngesikela. Uqhwaku lukhona okukhumbuza inaliti yokuhlinzwa egobile. Kuphela inyoni isabalalisa iziqu zokhuni.

IPisukha ikhiqiza izinambuzane zezihlahla, ezingasuswa yi-titmouse. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani ne-tits, nazo ezingadonswa imbewu, ama-pikas ikakhulukazi ayizinyoni ezingavikeleki, ebusika. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwale nyoni ukuhlanza izinambuzane kusuka ehlathini, epaki nasengadini akunasilinganiso. Kepha ngokulunga, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imbewu encane ye-spruce noma kaphayini itholakala ekudleni kwama-pikas, ngakho-ke kulula ukubona ama-pikas emasimini aphayiniwe ne-spruce, emahlathini.

Kungani ipika laqanjwa kanjalo?

Mhlawumbe ngoba iyancipha, uyacabanga. Futhi uzobe ulungile. Ukuze uthole i-squeak, hhayi inyoni kuphela eyabizwa ngokuthi i-squeak, kodwa i-hare hare. Ifana ne-hare emincane, ngaphandle kwezindlebe ezinde. Kodwa-ke, emuva iqhawe lethu.

Le nyoni iqanjwe ngenxa yokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu engomeni. Indlebe yomuntu ayithinti imvamisa yemisindo eyenzayo. Ngakho-ke, ipika kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi inyoni ethule kunazo zonke. Ukuzwa imisindo eyenziwe, udinga ukusondela kakhulu. Futhi ipika ligxuma njalo, lihlola amagxolo. Ngisola ngisho nokuthi umsindo uyamvumela ukuthi akhombe lapho ngaphansi kwegxolo.

Thola ukuthamba.

Pikas kusuka oda of passerines, ezihlobene ondlunkulu, wrens kanye omiyane. Finyelela usayizi wamasentimitha ayi-10-11. Izinyoni phezulu zinsundu, zibomvu, futhi ngaphansi kwazo zinesisu esikhanyayo. I-plumage ngobuciko ifihla inyoni ekhonkolweni. Zama ukuthola inyoni emgodini we-birch esithombeni esingenhla.

Izinambuzane nezidleke zihlelwe emagxolweni ezihlahla axoshwe, kaningi kumaphayini. NgoMeyi-Juni, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayi-6. Kunye ngosuku entathakusa, bese inculates amasonto amabili. Bobabili abazali bondla amachwane. Emavikini amabili aqandusele, izingane ziba. Ngokusho kwempempe kamama, bacasha ngemuva kwamagxolo esidlekeni, noma bahlakaze endaweni yokukhosela, njengezimbambo zephayini ezimboziwe.

Iliys Pishukha: indlela yokuphila

Ngiyazibuza ukuthi kungani ipika Iliysky enegama lesibili uSenostavka? Lokhu kwasungulwa yisici esisodwa esiyingqayizivele esivela kulaba bantu - ukwenza i-haymaking ngenkathi yasebusika. Yonke inqubo yokuthengwa kwempahla ibushelelezi kakhulu futhi ihlakaniphile. Okokuqala, ama-pikas asika utshani, abese elubeka ukuze lomiswe futhi, ekhetha izindawo ezinelanga. Uma lina, imigqa yotshani ifihlekile. I-hay eqeda kufakwa izikhala phakathi kwamatshe, kwesinye isikhathi kufakwe emigqonyeni. Izilwane aziweli ekuweni hibernation.

Sazi kangakanani ngalezi zilwane ezincane? Yini efana ngayo namahashe? Ukufana okubaluleke kakhulu kungaphawulwa: kokukodwa nokunye, ukudla okuyinhloko kungamahlathi, iziqu ezinotshani, amagatsha ezihlahla zezihlahla nezihlahla zamagxolo. Imvamisa, bobabili i-hare ne-Iliys pika asetshenziselwa ukondliwa ngama-lichens, moss. Kibo, ukudla okunjalo kuyafana.

Enye yezinto eziciwayo i-Ilya pika enayo yi-squeak yayo enomusa, exwayisa abanye ngayo ngobungozi. IPisukha yathola igama layo ngenxa yalesi siginali efinyelela kude. Isikhathi sokuphila kwaso siphakeme uma siqhathaniswa nempilo yezinye izinhlobo ze-steppe zezilwane ezincane.

Ukudla kwe-Iliysk kusemini emini nasebusuku. Owesifazane uqala ukushada ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi ekuqaleni kukaJuni vele uletha udoti wokuqala. Inzalo ikhula kancane, isizathu salokhu ukulethwa kokudla. Kukhona izintokazi ezingashadikazi, ezinye zinika udoti owodwa kuphela wesizini yonke.

Izazi zemvelo zinikeze igama elithi "unogwaja womlingo" ku-pika ngoba akuvamile ukuba emehlweni abantu. Lokhu kungaphezulu komhlaba okwamanje kusondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni.

Isizinda - INyukliya (i-Eukaryota)

Umbuso - Izilwane (Metazoa)

Thayipha - I-Chordata (Chordata)

Uhlobo lokungahloniphi - I-Vertebrates (Vertebrata)

Isigaba - Izilwane ezincelisayo (iMammalia)

Isidumbu - Izilo (i-Theria)

I-infraclass - I-Placental (Eutheria)

Ukuhlonza - IHare (Lagomorpha)

Buka - I-Northern Pika

Ama-Pisces noma ama-haylords ayizihlobo ezikude futhi ahlobene ne-hare-like, futhi yize engaphandle kakhulu njengama-hamsters, awawona amadondolo. Kwake kwenzeka emndenini wepikas kwakuno-11 genera, kepha kuze kube manje kusele eyodwa kuphela. Ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo eziyi-14-16, kuthi ezi-7 kuzo zitholakala endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili. Izinsalela zamathambo zibonisa ukuthi ama-pikas abephila emhlabeni eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-15 eyedlule. Lezi zithombe ziphume negama ngenxa yesimo esincanyana esishicilelayo abasishicilela lapho begxuma. Ama-Pikas ahlala ezintabeni, emaqeleni nasezinkangala, nase-Etheriya naseNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamadwala eziphakeme aze afike ku-6000 m, kanti enye yezinhlobo zezilwane ezichazwe lapha inyakatho pika (Ochotona hyperborean) - ulwazi ngisho nogu lwe-Arctic. I-Northern pika ingesinye sabameli abaziwayo bomndeni we-pika, bobabili ngesakhiwo nasendleleni yokuphila. Ihlala ezintabeni eziseNyakatho Urals, eMpumalanga naseSiberia eseningizimu, okuyindawo enkulu eseMpumalanga Ekude, Kamchatka naseNyakatho Sakhalin, edwaleni elisuka e-Yenisei kuya eChukotka. Izimpilo zibekwa ngamatshe ezingxenyeni ze-taiga nezindunduma zezintaba. EChukotka, kwesinye isikhathi kuhlala imijondolo yomgwaqo, izinqwaba zemfucumfucu enkulu.

I-Northern pika ingenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zomndeni wepika. Ubude besilwane bufika ku-25 cm, isisindo singama-250 g, ubude bengalo yonyawo lwangemuva bufika ku-25 mm, ubude bezinyawo zakho zangemuva nezangaphambili zicishe zifane. Umsila mfushane kakhulu futhi awubonakali ngaphandle. Izindlebe zimfushane kuze kube ngu-15 mm, ezine-apices eziyindilinga futhi kaningi zinomngcele okhanyayo onqenqemeni. IVibrissa (amadevu) afinyelela ku-55 mm ubude, omnyama onsundu. Umbala woboya obusehlobo uvela emgreyini onsundu okhanyayo obomvu ngokungcwatshwa okubomvu noma okuphuzi okuphuzi kuya kokugqwala okubomvu noma okubomvana ngombala onsundu, umbala wezinhlangothi uvame ukugqama, isisu simhlophe noma sibe mpunga ngokufiphala. Naphezu kokubukeka kwazo, ama-pikas agugile kakhulu futhi agijimela ngokuqinile emithambekeni yemifantu.

AmaPisas ahola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, umsebenzi wawo unamakhanda amabili - ekuseni nakusihlwa, uqala ngezimpawu zokuqala kokusa futhi uqhubeke kuze kube mnyama. Ntambama, iningi labo lihlala lingashukumi phezu kwetshe, likhumbuza ama-sphinxes abo aseGibhithe ezansi kwephiramidi. Bahlala emakoloni akude kakhulu komunye nomunye kude kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuakha izindawo eziqhubekayo. Okwezindlu, bamba izimbobo noma bahlala ezindlini eziphakathi kwamatshe, kodwa yisilwane esisodwa noma umbhangqwana owodwa abahlala mink, ebangeni elithile ukusuka komakhelwane. Ukuba khona kwama-pikas kungabonakala nge-alamu enkulu abayikhipha. Kunezinhlobo ezi-3 zezimpawu zokulalelwayo: ezinde, ezimfishane kanye nama-trill. Izilwane zivame ukufa, zibe yizinyoni zezinyamazane nezinye izitha zezwe.

Ehlobo, ama-pikas adla kakhulu otshanini obuluhlaza. Izilwane ezisebenza kanzima azondli nje kuphela ezitshalweni, kepha futhi ziqongelela ukudla ebusika, ngoba azizifihli, ukuze zisinde ngesikhathi sendlala, kufanele zilungiselele ukudla okwanele. Bavuna utshani ngokufaka isigcini se-hay engaphansi komhlaba noma kaningi ezindaweni ezifuywayo, ezibekwa ngaphansi kwamatshe emigodini enomoya omncane, ngokuvamile okukude kakhulu nemisele. IStozhki ifinyelela kubude obungu-45 cm futhi ukuze ukuthwala kungathathwa ngumoya, abalimi babachoboza ngamatshe. Umndeni ngamunye uqoqa izinqwaba zokudla. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ama-pikas anyakazisa izitaki bese ephenduka, anikine futhi abeke i-hay ukuze ome ngokulingana njengontanga abalukhali (kusuka lapha kufika elinye igama elithi pikush - senostavki ) Ama-pikas asenyakatho afihla i-hay elungele ukudla okusuka ebusika. Bazwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu futhi, ngaphambi kwezimvula ezinde, banciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi wabo, bema ukulungiselela imfologo usuku noma ezimbili ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu.

Inzalo yepika yasenyakatho izalwa kabili ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku ezingama-28. Kukhona amazinyane angama-4-7 kwilitha.