UMustang ihhashi wavela ngekhulu le-16. Igama layo ekuhumusheni lisuka eSpanishi kanye nezilimi zalo ezihlobene nalo lisho ukuthi "akekho umuntu wesilisa, ulwelwa emuva," oluphawula ngokugcwele umsuka walesi sizwe. Lawa ngamahhashi ezifuywayo, ahlala ikakhulu esifundeni seNingizimu neNyakatho Melika.
Umlando wohlobo lokuzalela
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo le nzalo yiNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika. Lapha, imihlambi emikhulu yezilwane eziqhoshayo igijimela emaphepheni amakhulu. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi umlando walawa mahhashi ugxiliwe ezikhathini zasendulo, kepha, ngezizathu ezingaziwa, lo mhlobo waphela cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.
Ngemuva kokuthuthuka kwezwekazi, izilwane kwaphinde kwakhulunywa ngazo. Izingxabano nokulwa kuholele ekubonakaleni kwamahhashi asendle emasimini - amahhashi asatshwayo abaleka, ancamela ukuhlala kude nabantu. Ababaleki babuthana emhlanjini, banda ngenkuthalo, okwaholela ekwandeni kwesibalo sabantu.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amahhashi asendle aphenduka into ebalulekile yokuzingela, inani lamahhashi laqala ukuncipha ngokushesha. Izibalo zithi cishe amashumi amathathu ezinkulungwane ezingama-mustangs ahlala ebusheni beMelika, ukuzingela kwawo okuvinjelwe ngokuphelele futhi kungajeziswa ngumthetho.
Amasangathi ku-Isiko
Ngokwesiko labantu abahlala ezwenikazi laseMelika, ama-Mustangs ashiye uphawu olukhanyayo. Amahhashi ayefanekisela umoya okhululekile nokomela okukhulu inkululeko. Kunezinganekwane eziningi ezithi izilwane eziqhoshayo zazincamela ukuziphonsa emadwaleni ziye ekufeni okuthile kunokuwela ezandleni zomuntu.
Amahhashi oziqhenyayo atholakala ngopende nezithombe. Yonke indawo ama-mustangs aboniswa endaweni emahhala, nge-mane ekhulayo, ngesimo esiyingqayizivele. Lokhu kungobunye ubufakazi bokuthi la mahhashi abonwa kanjani amadoda ahlubukayo, aziqhenyayo futhi athanda inkululeko.
Ingaphandle
Amahhashi amadala awekho amakhulu ngosayizi. Ukuphakama lapho kubuna akuvamile ukuba ngaphezu kwamamitha owodwa nesigamu. Isisindo esijwayelekile singama-350-380 kg. Ngenxa yomzimba ongasindi, amahhashi ayakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu futhi anqobe ama-50 km ngehora.
Isici sohlobo lokuzala uhlobo lwamathambo alo anamandla amakhulu. Amathambo we-mustang uvame ukuqhathaniswa ne-granite.
Amadevu Amhlophe
Amahhashi amhlophe abizwa ngokuthi yizipoki, ngakho-ke awafani futhi awahlaseli. Ezinganekwaneni, amahhashi amhlophe qhwa anikezwe amakhono amangalisayo ngisho nengqondo yomuntu. Amahhashi amhlophe ayephathwa ngendondo ephezulu ngamaNdiya amaComanche; ngenxa yombala wawo omangalisayo, ayethathwa njengabafanele abaholi abakhulu.
Ama-Spanish Mustangs
Ngaphambi kokuba uColumbus athole iMelika, lesi sizwe sasingabiningi - sifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyinkulungwane. Namuhla, amahhashi aseSpain ayindawo enhle kakhulu, cishe akukho neyodwa esele. Isici Sokuzala:
- ikhanda eliqondile
- iDemo emuva
- ukuphakama - kuze kufike ku-1,2 m,
- amafomu alinganayo
- izindlebe ezincane
- imilenze eqinile.
Amahhashi abonakala ngokukhuthazela okwandayo futhi ayakwazi ukunqoba ngaphezu kwama-200 km oguqulweni olulodwa.
Indlela Yokuphila Nobudlelwano be-Intraspecific
Indlela yokuphila ye-Mustang iyathakazelisa impela - "ama-savage" aqhoshayo abonakala ngokufutheka okungakholeki, umlingiswa oyinkimbinkimbi nedatha ebonakalayo yomzimba. Iminyaka eminingi, amahhashi afundwe ngokucophelela, kepha ngisho namanje sekuvela amaqiniso amasha.
Ukushisa nokushisa
Ukufutheka kwamahhashi asendle kwakhiwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Ngenxa yalokhu, amahhashi ahlukaniswa ngamandla akhulayo nolaka oluthile. Akubona bonke abagibeli abanolwazi abakwazi ukunqamula ubuhle - Ama-Mustangs abona ubuholi kumuntu kakhulu.
Imvamisa amahhashi abonisa obala ubutha ebantwini. Umnikazi ukhethwa ngokuzimela, kube kuphela. Ukuhambisa, ihhashi liphenduka umngane weqiniso. Ngaphezu komnikazi, isilwane ngeke sivume ngisho nomuntu ojwayele.
Ukudla
Amahhashi asendle ancipha ukudla. Amadevu adla amaqabunga ezihlahla nasemahlathini, utshani, amagatsha awondile ezihlahla. Amahhashi anciphile adluliselwa ekudleni okukhethekile - ingxube yotshani, hay, okusanhlamvu. Isilwane sidla kuze kube ngu-3 kg wokudla ngosuku. Ukwelapha okuthandekayo kukaMustang u-crispy isanqante noshukela. Amahhashi futhi ajabulela ukudla isigaxa sesinkwa noma i-apula.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamahhashi asendle siqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo futhi siyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. Iduna linqoba lowesifazana e-duel enzima. Owinayo uphumelela ngobuhle obufisayo, kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-11 i-foal ivele. Inzalo ephindwe kabili yama-Mustangs ayivelakancane kakhulu. Cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, ingane idla ubisi lukamama, bese ishintshela edlelweni.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uguqule i-mustang?
Ukuthwala ihhashi lasendle kunzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yesimo sokuziqhenya, umoya onzima, kuzofanela usebenzise amandla amaningi ukuguqula ihhashi libe ngumngane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izilwane ezikhuliselwe ekudingisweni zingathanjiswa kalula, kepha ngisho kuleli cala akunasiqiniseko sokuthi indoda ebukekayo eqhoshayo izithoba kumuntu.
Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, amayunithi ayakwazi ukuthola ukuthembana kwehhashi lasendle lasendulo. Uma ulahlekisela usizi bese uluthumela endaweni yokuhamba ekhethekile esitebeleni, kulula kakhulu, khona-ke kufanele ubhekane nobunzima obukhulu. Ihhashi elijwayele inkululeko aliboni isisibambiso, inqubo yokujaha izothatha umzamo omkhulu futhi idinga ukubekezela okukhulu.
Noma kwenzeka ukuthi ahambe ezungeze i-mustang, ngenxa yalokho uzokwazi ukuthola ihhashi eliqinile elinezici ezinesizotha. Ngenxa yobulungiswa, kufanelekile ukuthi ihhashi linejubane eliphakeme, amandla nokuzibamba ekuhambeni. Okubi kwehhashi elithanjisiwe kuwumlingiswa omubi ongashintshi, kanye nokusebenza okujwayelekile komdlalo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngamahhashi asendle
Kunamaqiniso amaningi ahlobene nalezi zilwane. Ukufundwa kwezinganekwane, izinganekwane nezinganekwane, okuqinisekiswe ngocwaningo lososayensi, kuzoletha imizuzu eminingi emnandi. Kuyaqabukela ukuthi isilwane siqhathanise i-mustang ngokwemigomo yempilo nentando yenkululeko.
Amaqiniso athakazelisa kakhulu:
- Isitha esibi sikaMustang umuntu. Iminyaka emikhulu ihlaselwe ezilwaneni; amahhashi axoshwe ngazo zonke izindlela zokuhamba, kubandakanya nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Amahhashi abhujiswa ngamakhulu - isikhumba esinezikhwepha ezengeziwe, kanti nenani elikhulu lenyama lenza abesilisa abahle basendle baba yinto ebalulekile yokuzingela. Ukubhujiswa kwezixuku kwamaMansangs kuye kwaphela ngemuva kokwamukelwa kokuvinjelwa kanye nokufakwa kwesikweletu sobugebengu.
- Ama-mustangs aqoqana emihlambini emikhulu, lapho kuhlala khona umholi nowesifazane oyinhloko. Umsebenzi wesilisa ukuvikela umhlambi nokuvikelwa ezitheni. Owesifazane "uyisekela" eliyinhloko, okufanele ahole izilwane ezigulayo, izilwane ezincane kanye nezinye izinto ezifuywayo empini.
- Ngengozi eyandayo, umhlambi udala "umbuthano wokufa." Izimpungushe, iziguli ezigulayo nezindala ziba yisikhungo, amahhashi amadala aphendulela isitha sawo esitheni ukuze asebenzise isikhali esibi esibulalayo - izinselo ezingemuva.
- Amahhashi amancane ahlala nezinkomo aze afike eminyakeni emithathu. Ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni yobudala obuningi, i-foal iyaxoshwa ukuze inamathele emndenini omncane. Imvamisa umhlambi wama-mustangs uqukethe izinhloso eziyi-15-25.
- Ukusinda ezimweni zemvelo zama-mustangs kunzima kakhulu - akulula ukuthola ukudla ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona amahhashi asendle. Amahhashi ahamba amabanga amade efuna ukudla namanzi, imvamisa kufanele anqobe izindawo zesinkwa ezimpini ezinzima nakweminye imihlambi.
- Ukuze ukhule i-mustang ekudingisweni, uzodinga indawo enkulu - okungenani amahektha amabili amadlelo ehhashi ngalinye. Uma uzungu luncane, umhlaba uzophela ngokushesha, luhlaza luvele luphele.
- Endle, amadevu afunda ukushintshela kwimodi yokonga namandla, okwenzeka kakhulu ebusika. Kukhona okuphansi okuncane, amahhashi kufanele athole izimpande namaqabunga awile, izihlahlana ngaphansi kweqhwa, ukugwema ukunciphisa umzimba kutholakala kuphela ngokunciphisa imfutho yamandla namandla okuqongelela izakhi zomzimba.
Elinye iqiniso elijabulisayo ukuthi ngemuva kokufika eminyakeni emithathu, hhayi wonke ama-stallion ashiya umhlambi. Amahhashi anesibindi futhi aqinile axabana nomholi. Uma bekwazile ukunqoba, thatha indawo yakhe futhi ube ngumholi omusha.
Ama-mustangs ayizilwane ezinhle kakhulu ezijabulisa ubuntu, ukubukeka, ukuma. Lezi ubuhle obuhlubukayo zingabizwa ngokuphephile ngokuthi indinganiso yobukhosi nomusa, uphawu lwenkululeko. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, ihhashi lingaba ngumngane omkhulu, yize kungebona bonke abagibeli abanesineke esanele namandla okuthola inhlonipho nokwamukelwa kwehhashi lasendle.
Umlando we-Mustang
Lapho amakoloni aseSpain efika eMelika ngekhulu le-16, eza namahhashi. Kwakhululwa izilwane ezibuthakathaka, kanti ezinye zazilwa ngokuzimeleyo zilwa nemihlambi, ngakho-ke inani labantu abangamahhashi asekhaya lakhiwa, lakhula kancane kancane.
Imihlambi yasendle ekuqaleni yayiba njengokudla kwamaNdiya, kepha ngokushesha yafunda ukusebenzisa amahhashi njengendlela yokuhamba, ilandela isibonelo sabaseYurophu. Babheka izilwane ezinendawo ebunzini njengezingcwele. AmaNdiya afundise amahhashi awo ukuthi awathobele ngokuphelele, awakaze asebenzise amasiki, bese kuthi esikhundleni se-busebenzisi basebenzise ibhande elincane, abangazange balidonse lapho begibela. Amahhashi asabela kukho konke ukunyakaza komgibeli nokuhleba kwakhe.
Inani lama-mustangs lenyuka ngokushesha kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ingxenye ebalulekile yayo yagxila eSouth America - e-Argentina naseParaguay. Cishe azikho izilwane zasendle ezidla izindwani ezindaweni zaseMelika, ngakho-ke akukho lutho olwasongela amahhashi. Ngaleso sikhathi, isibalo samahhashi asezingeni lokuphamba sasingabantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezimbili, kodwa ngokushesha isimo sashintsha.
Ukubhujiswa kweMisa
Eminyakeni eyi-19 ukuya kwe-1920, amahhashi asendle aba yinto yokuzingela. Babulawa inyama nezikhumba. NgeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ingxenye enkulu yemfuyo yafa. Isizathu sesibili sokwehla kwenani labantu ukuntuleka kwamadlelo. Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, namuhla isibalo samangwele singabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi ukuya kwezingu-10.
Ukunaka! Ngo-1971, abaphathi baseMelika bathatha izinyathelo zokugcina amahhashi asendle ngokudlula umthetho owenqabela ukubulawa kwabo.
Izici Zangaphandle Ze-Mustang
Ama-mustangs awafani ngobukhulu obukhulu. Ukuphakama kwabo kungama-1.5 m, nesisindo - 400 kg. Izizukulwane zasendle zamahhashi e-Andalusian anazo:
- umzimba omile
- inhloko ephakathi nendawo enebunzi elibanzi nephrofayili eqondile,
- amabele abanzi nemilenze ecwebezelayo enezinselo eziqinile,
- iDemo emuva
- okusaqanda okuncane okugoqeka kancane ngemisipha echazwe kahle.
Ama-mustangs abonakala nge-bay, piebald noma umbala obomvu. Kukhona futhi abantu abanejazi elimnyama, babhekwa njengabahle kakhulu.
Umehluko phakathi kwamahhashi feral namahhashi asekhaya
Ngaphandle, ama-mustangs ahluke kumahhashi asekhaya kuphela ngosayizi - akhulu kakhulu kokhokho bawo. Kepha esimweni nasekuziphatheni, kunezici eziningi:
- impilo enhle,
- ukukhuthazela,
- amandla angakaze abonwe
- ijubane elikhulu lokugijima
- ukuzithoba kokuqukethwe,
- ukuphambuka
- kudlangile.
Ukunaka! Ihhashi lohlobo lweMustang alujwayele ukulalela umuntu, kunzima ukuxhumana. Lawa mahhashi anzima ukuwaqeqesha futhi amatshe, kepha abanye abantu bayaphumelela. Amahhashi aqhamukayo adinga ukuzihlonipha futhi angabekezeleli ubudlova.
UMustang (ihhashi): incazelo
Ama-mustangs ayizilwane ezinamandla, igazi lamawashi aseNdiya, iSpain, isiFulentshi, namahhashi aseJalimane ageleza emithanjeni yawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, isudi yabo ihluke kakhulu. Imibala etholakala kakhulu ebomvu, e-piebald ne-bay. Kukhona ne-bulanaya, palomino, appaloosa mustang (ihhashi), isithombe siqinisekisa lokhu okuhlukahlukene okuhle kwamasudi.
Isisindo se-mustang sifinyelela ku-500 kg, ukubuna - ukuphakama okungama-130-150 cm. Ukwakheka komzimba ngenxa yokhokho abehlukene kuvezwe ngendlela ehlukile, intamo nomhlane zimfushane, ukubuna kukhulunywa kancane.
Habitat
Uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lohlobo oluhle lwamahhashi amahhashi asendle amadevu. Ngeshwa, kwezinye izifundazwe lezi zinyama zanyamalala. Manje isibalo sabo silinganiselwa kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu kuphela. Iningi lalawa makhaza ahlala eNevada. Kukholelwa ukuthi bayifa elingokomlando eNtshonalanga Melika.
Yize kunetayitela lokuhlonishwa, abanye abalimi abafuni ukuba namahhashi ama-Mustang ukuba seduze nomhlaba wabo, bakholelwa ukuthi badla utshani obenzelwe imfuyo. Ososayensi banikeza impendulo yabo kuleso simo esingesihle ngokumelene namahhashi asendle: "Ama-mustangs ahlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esomile ngokweqile, indawo enjalo ayifanele ngokuphelele izilwane ezifuywayo." Kulokhu kulandela ukuthi amahhashi amahhala awaphazamisi abalimi nhlobo.
Indlela yokuphila emvelweni yemvelo
UMustang ihhashi abantu abaningi abazi ngalo kuphela ngamafilimu, amakhathuni, izithombe nezincwadi. Kepha noma kusuka kulokhu umuntu angaqonda ukuthi lokhu kuzalwa kungokwasendulo, ukuziqhenya futhi kungalawulwa! Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-mustangs angaphila iminyaka engama-20-25. Bahlala emihlambini yezinhloso eziyi-15 - 20, umndeni ngamunye wamahhashi uholwa ngumholi oyedwa wesitashi, iminyaka yakhe kumele ibe okungenani iminyaka eyisithupha. Umhlambi kuphela olandela owesilisa onolwazi.
Umholi ungaphansi kwabesifazane ezinamazinyane neziduna. Umhlambi ulawula insimu yawo, udlula kuwo futhi uvikeleke kwizivakashi ezingamenyiwe. Uma kuphakama ingozi, umhlahlandlela we-mare uthatha wonke umndeni endaweni ethule, bese umholi we-stallion ehlala ukulwa nesitha. Uma endaweni yezinkomo eziningana inani elikhulu lezitha lihlasela, khona-ke ama-mustangs ayo yonke imindeni ahlangene ukuze alwele amazwe abo.
UMustang (ihhashi): ukuzalanisa
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJulayi, ama-Mustangs abe nesikhathi sokukhwelana. Izinsizwa ezisencane zilwa ngamandla zodwa zifuna ilungelo lokushada nomuntu okhethiwe, njengoba kujwayelekile endle - onqobayo kunabo bonke!
Abesifazane bathwala izinyosi izinyanga eziyi-11, lapho i-mama ekhulelwe inomuzwa wokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokubeletha, bese ishiya umhlambi endaweni ephephile. Esibhedlela "semvelo" esinjalo imvelo kumele izalwe. Kuyaqabukela, izingane ezimbili zizalwa ngasikhathi sinye, imvamisa kumele ibe ngumama wethokazi elilodwa.
Iqhubu elisanda kuzalwa libuthakathaka futhi alisebenzi, yena onobunzima obukhulu uvuka emilenzeni ethuthumela ukufinyelela ubisi lukamama. Ingane ingaba isisulu esilula kunoma yisiphi isisulu uma ishiywa ingavikelekile, kodwa ekuqaleni umama uqaphela ngokucophelela ukuphepha kwewundlu lakhe, umbala wayo usiza umntwana osanda kuzimela ecashe ngotshani obude. Sekuphele izinsuku eziningana, umama nengane behlangene esibhedlela "sokubelethisa", kepha akunakwenzeka ukuhambisana nomhlambi isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke i-mare ishesha ukubuyela emndenini nehhashi elincane.
Owesifazane uMustang wondla amawundlu akhe ngobisi izinyanga eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, izimpondo zikhula ngokugqamile, imilenze yazo iqina futhi iqinile. Kuze kube iminyaka emithathu, abantu abasha bahlala emhlambini nonina, kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, umholi wesilisa uxosha izinsizwa ezinamandla emndenini, ngaleyo ndlela evimbele ukuncintisana. Kwesinye isikhathi umama ushiya nehlosi elivuthiwe, kepha ezimweni eziningi intokazi ihlala nomhlambi wayo.
Umlando womsuka
Amahhashi ama-Mustang angawokuhlukahluka kwasendle futhi isiphetho sawo sinzima. Kukholakala ukuthi zenzeka ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika, yize amakhulu amaningi eminyaka edlule wonke amahhashi okulo anyamalala njengohlobo, okungukuthi, azifela. Ngekhulu le-XVIII, emva kokunqotshwa kweMelika ngabahluli baseSpain, amahhashi angenisa kabusha afika lapho. Abomdabu bebengafuni ukusebenzisa izilwane ngaphandle kokudla, okwenziwa ngama-mustangs eza kubo. Isibonelo kuphela sabaseSpain esakhombisa inani labantu baseNdiya ukuba banake izimfanelo eziwusizo zamahhashi - njengendlela yokuhamba, ezimpini nasekulandeleni izilwane.
AmaNdiya akhwela ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele kwabaseSpain, awadingi isichibi, asebenzisa iluphu esikhundleni sezinduku zokudoba, angazange awadonse, akhetha ukulawula ihhashi ngezwi lawo. Kuyiqiniso, amahhashi athola ukusakazeka okushesha kakhulu emva kwalokho ezweni lonke. Amadevu ayevame ukushiyelwa kumadivayisi wawo ngemuva kokulimala, ukukhubazeka, ukukhathala, ukusebenzisa njengokudla, futhi bagcina belwa nabantu.
Akuzange kuthathe isikhathi esiningi ukuba amakhosi agcwalise imihlambi yama-mustangs feral. Bakhula ngokushesha, inani labo lakhula, njengoba nje babengekho abakhohlisi lapho.
Ngenxa yalokho, maphakathi nekhulu le-19, abantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezimbili bagibela amahhashi ezikhululekile. Okhokho babo bane-Andalusian, izimpande zase-Arabhiya, noma kunjalo, ukushibilika okuqhubekayo, kufaka phakathi nabamele abangahlanzekile kakhulu, kushintshe ama-Mustangs ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yamahhala enkulisa yayingadingi ingaphandle elihle, kepha ukukhuthazela, isivinini, amandla nempilo enhle kwakubaluleke kakhulu.
Yini izitha ezisongela impilo yamahhashi asendle
UMustang (ihhashi) ungukuphela komphefumulo wezindawo zokudumisa! Kungani, ezikhathini zamuva, inani labo selibe lincane futhi lincipha, yiziphi izitha ezinciphisa inani labo? Kuyihlazo ukubona ukuthi isitha esikhulu nesiyingozi sama-Mustangs ngumuntu. Abantu babulala amahhashi asendle isikhathi eside kakhulu. Bahlatshwa inyama, imvamisa kwakuya kondla izilwane. Ubuhle basendle babukwa njengomthombo ongapheli, ngoba ngo-1900 eNyakatho Melika kwakukhona cishe izigidi ezimbili, manje isibalo samahhashi sehlile kakhulu. Abantu babuyela ezingqondweni futhi ngonyaka we-1959 bamukela umthetho wokuvikelwa kwama-mustangs, kuze kube namuhla bagadiwe kakhulu.
Ngokuqondene nezitha zemvelo, nehhashi elidala, isitha esiyingozi kakhulu phakathi kwezilwane ezidla izinyamazane yi-cougar. Izimpisi kanye nama-coyotes nakho kuyingozi, kepha izisulu zawo ikakhulukazi yizilwane ezisencane nezingacabangi noma ezigulayo.
Izici nezici zokufutheka
Ingaphandle, okungukuthi, ukubukeka kwama-mustangs, kubonakaliswa yilokhu okulandelayo indlela:
- ayimude kakhulu - ifinyelela ku-1 m 53 cm, abamele abaphansi kakhulu bane-1 m 34 cm ekushwabeni,
- isisindo sehhashi elidala liyahlukahluka lisuka ku-400 liye cishe ku-600 kg,
- Amahhashi abukeka emuhle kakhulu ngenxa yomsila ophakeme nomsila,
- imizimba yabo yandiswa,
- imilenze inciphile, ayimisipha kakhulu.
Ijubane abakwazi ukuliqhakambisa liyamangalisa impela. Ukukhuthazela kwabo kuqinisekiswa ngokuphelele yiqiniso lokuthi bangakwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi nokudla, kugijime okungameli kuze kufike ku-140 km. Baphila iminyaka emi-30.
Izinzuzo zohlobo:
- amandla angajwayelekile
- umzimba oqinile
- isivinini esikhulu
- engafuni kakhulu futhi kubiza ukunakekelwa okuncane,
- ukungavikeleki okuhle.
Ubunzima ekuzaleni:
- inkululeko yokuhamba kanye nekhono lokuzwa ingozi zibenza bangathembi kakhulu,
- ukubukeka okunolaka
- Amandla e-Mustss adinga indlela ekhethekile, kuphela umgibeli onekhono kakhulu futhi onesineke ongaphatha ihhashi elinjalo,
- kungaba nobutha kumuntu, ikakhulukazi uma bengamnini umniniyo.
Ukunqotshwa kukaMustang kuyindaba enzima kakhulu, kepha uma ekhetha umuntu njengomnikazi, uzithoba kuye abe ngumuntu ozinikela kuye. Azikho ezinye izindlela zokuwina uzwela wehhashi. Ngaphandle kwenkosi yakhe, angeke axhumane nabanye abantu futhi ngeke abavumele ukuthi beze kuye.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-mustangs asendle
Ngawo-1800s, kwaba nesomiso esikhulu eCalifornia, lapho abalimi bekuthatha njengengamukeleki ukuba nama-mustangs. Ngenxa yalokho, babulala amahhashi asendle angama-40,000.
Ngeminyaka yo-1920s, inyama ye-mustang yanezelwa ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo nezinkukhu. Njengomphumela, kwagcinwa amakhilogremu angaba yizigidi ezingamashumi amathathu enyama yenyama.
Ngo-1971, iCongress yaseMelika yanikeza uMatangutayitayitile wophawu oluphilayo lomoya waseNtshonalanga nowokuphayona.
Ngo-1971, kwaphasiswa umthetho owenqabela ukulimaza, ukuthumba, noma ukubulala abantu abahamba ngezinyawo kumele bahambe ngokukhululeka emazweni omphakathi.
Ama-Mustangs abhekwa njengophikelelayo kakhulu futhi eqinile, anganqoba ngosuku olulodwa aze afike kumakhilomitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili.
Ama-mustangs ahlakaniphile kakhulu futhi azimele, ngokucabanga kwabo kanye nezifiso zabo.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningana zama-mustangs asendle. Enye yezinto ezingaqondakali nezingaziwa ukuthi yi-mustang emhlophe. Amahhashi amhlophe akhiqize izindaba eziningi zezinganekwane nezinsumansumane ngakho-ke kulungile ukubhala izincwadi ezihlukile ngazo. Babizwa ngokuthi izipoki nemimoya yezindawo zokubusa. Isikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi ihhashi lalolu umbala alinakuhlaselwa, lihlakaniphe kakhulu, likhula ngesivinini esikhulu futhi lingafi.
AmaNdiya awazange awathinte, ebabheka njengabamele amandla aphakeme, futhi ebaphatha ngenhlonipho.
ISpanishi
Ngaphambi kokunqotshwa kweMelika nguColumbus, la mahhashi ayemaningi kakhulu, manje isibalo sawo sesicishe sanyamalala, njengoba seyehliswe saba ngamayunithi athile abantu. Leli ihhashi elisebenza kakhulu, linomusa futhi linomusa, linekhanda eliqondile elihle, izindlebe ezicocekile, izinyawo eziqinile, ukulingana komzimba olinganayo. I-stamina yabo iyisimangaliso futhi ibavumela ukuba baphile ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu. Ziphansi - kufinyelela ku-120 cm, isudi lingase lihlukile.
Donskaya
Ama-Russianangangs ahlala esifundeni saseRostov kuphela, esiqhingini esibizwa ngeVodny. Umhlambi wezilwane usuhlale lapho iminyaka eminingi. Indaba yokubonakala kwakhe kunezinguqulo eziningana:
- ngemuva kokuhlunga i-movie ngokuhlanganyela kwamahhashi, abantu abaningana bangahlala lapho, abalwa nesamba sonke futhi ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukuzala,
- amahhashi ayengaphunyuka epulazini le-Stud elalikhona lapho, elalithuthelwa kwenye indawo, futhi laqala inani labantu,
- uhlobo luqale kusuka kumahhashi kaDon wohlobo oluhlanzekile, olwalungasetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa.
Lo mhlambi owodwa uthakazelisa kakhulu ochwepheshe, ngoba awukaxhumani nezinye izilwane futhi uzalela kuphela phakathi komhlambi wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuhlakani abubonwa, buhlulela ngokwangaphandle kwabo.
Izici zangaphandle:
- usayizi,
- ukwakha okuhle, okuvumelanayo futhi okuhle,
- abantu abahlukahlukene ngobukhulu: obomvu, omnyama, ohlanganisiwe.
Njengoba kungekho zidlozi eziyingozi kumahhashi lapho, noma kunjalo kukhona umncintiswano onamandla phakathi kwama-stallion, ohlukanisa umhlambi ube yizinkomo ezahlukahlukene futhi uhole izinsikazi.
Indlela Yokuphila Kwasendle
Indlela yokuphila yezilwane zasendle impela iyingqayizivele kuzo zonke izindawo: izici zabo zokuziphatha kanye nemvelo kuyamangalisa. Kunoma yimuphi umhlambi kukhona umholi - umuntu obaluleke kakhulu, ihhashi elineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala, onamandla futhi uhlakaniphile kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba ufike kule minyaka, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngumholi, ngoba amakhono okuhola nokuhola umhlambi abalulekile. Ngumholi obhekele izinyamazane, abantu abasha nezinsikazi eziningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umholi unesibopho sokuvikela umhlambi ezilwaneni ezidla inyama, ukukhetha kwendawo efanele ukuhlala kuyo.
Uma kuba nempi nomhlaseli, i-mare eyinhloko ithatha umhlambi iye nayo endaweni ephephile, bese umholi exazulula leyo ndaba nesitha.
Imvamisa imihlambi ihlanganiswa ibe yinye, naphezu kobutha obabukhona phakathi kwabo. Hlanganisa imihlambi yezinkomo ingaba yingozi, ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezidla ezinye. Le nyunyana, njengomthetho, ihlala isikhashana, ngemuva kokuthi ingozi isidlulile, konke kubuyela kokujwayelekile. Amahhashi ohlobo lwasendle aholela ekubeni khona kwe-nomadic, ayisimangaliso, futhi isisekelo sokudla kwawo singaphansi kokuluhlaza okotshani. Pngokusho kochwepheshe, amadevu asendle angadli yemvelo ngokuphelele. Amahhashi aqinile impela, kepha ukuswela isikhathi eside isiphuzo nokudla kuba yinkinga kuwo. Amadevu axhumana kahle nomunye, akhipha i -omm.
Ngokuqondene nokuzalanisa, inkathi yokuzalela iwela entwasahlobo-ehlobo, ngoba lesi yisikhathi esifanele kunazo zonke sokuba izinyamazane zivele. Kuba khona njalo kwezimpi ze-mare phakathi kwama-stallion, ezingenzeki ezifuywayo. Izinsikazi zizalela izingane cishe unyaka - izinyanga eziyi-11, kuthi lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzala, insikazi ishiye umhlambi ibelethe i-foal endaweni ephephile. Ngesinye isikhathi izimpondo ezimbili zingavela ngasikhathi sinye. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ezelwe, insikazi iphakamisa impungushe, imsize ukuthi aqale ukuhamba, abe namandla. Ngemuva kokuthi esekwazi ukuhlala emhlambini, beza kuye ndawonye.
I-mare yondla i-foal efinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-8 ubudala, ize ekugcineni iba namandla futhi ikhule. Lapho nje eseneminyaka emithathu, uzoxoshwa emhlambini ngumholi ukuvimbela ukuncintisana okungenzeka, kanti umama angazikhethela ukuthi uzoshiya nengane yakhe noma aqhubeke nokuhlala. Namuhla, abamele zasendle ama-Mustangs ayizinto ezenzekile, futhi bavame ukuvikelwa ngumthetho.
Bahluke kanjani kumahhashi asekhaya?
Umehluko wabo oyinhloko - usayizi wamahhashi nesisindo - iMustang inkulu kakhulu futhi inzima kunamahhashi asekhaya. Njengoba endle kukhona ukuxubana okungajwayelekile kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlukile, umbala wazo uhlukile futhi ungaba ushokoledi okhanyayo noma omnyama. Imvamisa kunabantu abanamabala, izingxibongo, imivimbo engajwayelekile. I-Wild Mustang noma kunjalo igcina izici eziningi zabamele ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokunyakaza, ukufuduka nokuguqulwa, baqala ukuthola izici zobuntu. Zinezinhlobo zamaloli asindayo, amaponi, ama-friezes, iSpanish, izinhlobo zama-Arabhu. Amahhashi aqine kakhulu, aqine asinda endle, ngakho-ke ukukhetha kwemvelo kwasebenza.
Baphoqeleka ukuba babalekele izilwane ezidla luthando, ukushushiswa kwabantu.
Konke lokhu ngeke kubuye kuthinte izici ze-mustang: ikhuthazela kakhudlwana, ishesha, inamandla ngaphezu kwezihlobo zayo zasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga ukunakekelwa okuncane, bahlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudla neziphuzo. Impilo yamahhashi asendle inamandla kakhulu kunamahhashi asekhaya, anezindimbane ezinzima zokuzivikela, ezivikela ezifweni nasekuthelelekeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ihhashi lasekhaya libonakaliswa yisimo esinobungane kakhudlwana, isimo sengqondo sokugxila komuntu kanye nokuthobeka. Bafunda kahle, baqeqeshiwe ngokungafani namahhashi asendle angavinjelwe, athanda inkululeko futhi ovukelayo.
Ukushaya i-mustang akuwona umsebenzi olula, akuwona wonke umuntu okwaziyo. Ihhashi lizohambisa kuphela uma lifuna, nakulokho elikhethayo. Abantu abane-mustangs, abahlonishwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo, lokhu kubhekwa njenge "aerobatics."
Izici ze-Mustang neHabitat
Amahhashi asendle yavela eNyakatho Melika cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezine eyedlule futhi yasakazekela e-Eurasia (ngokunokwenzeka inqamula iBering Isthmus) ukusuka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbili kuya kwezi-3 edlule.
Ngemuva kokuba abaseSpain babuye nokuletha amahhashi eMelika, amaMelika Omdabu aqala ukusebenzisa lezi zilwane ukuthutha. Banamandla amahle nejubane. Futhi, imilenze yabo e-stocky ayithambekele ekulimaleni, ibenze balungele uhambo olude.
AmaMangang ayinzalo yemfuyo ebalekile, elahliwe noma eyadedelwa endle. Izinhlobo zalowo owandulele inyamazane yihhashi likaTarpan no Przhevalsky. AmaMangang ahlala ezindaweni zamadlelo asentshonalanga ne-United States.
Iningi lezakhamizi zaseMustang zisezifundazweni ezisentshonalanga zaseMontana, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, Utah, Oregon, California, Arizona, North Dakota naseNew Mexico. Abanye futhi bahlala ogwini lwe-Atlantic kanye naseziqhingini ezinjengeSable and Cumberland.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Ngenxa yemvelo yabo nezindlela zokuziphatha, ukuzalela kwamahhashi inemilenze eqinile nobunono bethambo obuphakeme kunamahhashi asekhaya.
Njengoba zingenasilo futhi zingahlafuneki izinselo zazo kufanele zikwazi ukumelana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo zemvelo. Amantangs ahlala emihlambi emikhulu. Umhlambi uqukethe insallion eyodwa, cishe abesifazane abayisishiyagalombili namawundlu abo.
I-stallion ilawula umhlambi wayo ukuze kungabikho nowesifazane olwa emuva, ngoba uma kungenjalo, bazoya kumphikisi. Uma i-stallion ithola udoti wenye enye insimbi endaweni yayo, iyadonsa, ibone iphunga, bese ishiya udoti wayo phezulu ukumemezela ubukhona bayo.
Amahhashi akuthanda kakhulu ukuthatha obhavu odaka, athola indishi engcolile abelele kuyo futhi ajikajika ngapha nangapha, okugeza okunjalo kusiza ukuqeda izinambuzane.
Imihlambi ichitha iningi lesikhathi sayo idla utshani. I-mare eyinhloko emhlanjini idlala indima yomholi, lapho ihambisa umhlambi iye ngaphambili, i-stallion, ihamba ngemuva kokuvala iminyakazo futhi ingavumeli izinyamazane ukuba zisondele.
Isikhathi esinzima kakhulu samahhashi asendle ukusinda ebusika. Ngaphezu kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, ukuntuleka kokudla kuyinkinga. Ukuze ungaboli, amahhashi aba yinqwaba futhi afudumala ngosizo lokushisa kwemizimba.
Zonke izinsuku bopha izinselo zeqhwa, zidle ukuze zidakwe futhi zifunele utshani obomile. Ngenxa yokungondleki kahle nokubanda, lesi silwane singaba buthaka futhi sibe yisisulu sezinyamazane.
Amahhashi anezitha ezimbalwa: amabhere asendle, imidlwane, amasiga, izimpisi nabantu. E-Wild West, izisebenzi zezinkomo zibamba ubuhle basendle ukuze zisebenzise futhi zizithengise. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, baqala ukubabamba ngenxa yenyama, kanti namahhashi asetshenziswa ekwenziweni kokudla kwezilwane zasekhaya.
UMandang Nutrition
Kungumqondo ojwayelekile ongafanele wokuthi ama-mustangs wamahhashi yidla kuphela i-hay noma i-oats. Amahhashi ama-omnivores; adla izitshalo nenyama. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko kuqukethe utshani.
Bangakwazi ukumelana nesikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudla. Uma ukudla kutholakala kalula, amahhashi amadala adla amakhilogremu amahlanu kuya kwayi-6 wokudla kwezitshalo nsuku zonke. Lapho utshani bunqabile, badla kahle konke okukhulayo: amaqabunga, izihlahla eziphansi, amahlumela amancane, ngisho namagxolo ezihlahla. Phuza amanzi emithonjeni, emifudlaneni noma kumachibi kabili ngosuku, futhi futhi ufuna imali yokufaka usawoti wamaminerali.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nokudla endaweni yemvelo
Ama-Mustangs akha imihlambi emincane, ngayinye equkethe umholi, izinsikazi nezinduna eziningana. Inhloko yomndeni iyi-stallion enolwazi engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-6. Umndeni unowesifazane omkhulu. Umsebenzi wakhe, uma kwenzeka ubhekene nengozi, ukuthola izindlela zokuhamba ezitheni.
Iqembu ngalinye lezilwane lidla endaweni ethile futhi akuvumeli amahhashi avela kwezinye imihlambi ukuba angene, kepha esimeni sokuhlaselwa okukhulu kwenyamazane, amaqembu angahlangana. Uma izilwane zasendle zihlasela umhlambi, amaduna amadala avikela izinyane leduna nezinsikazi ngokuzizungeza, kuyilapho zona uqobo ziphendukela ezitheni ngomhluzi zilwe nemilenze yazo yangemuva.
Inkomba. Iziduna ezingamaduna zihlala emhlambini nabazali bazo kuze kube cishe iminyaka emi-3, bese zihamba ziyokwakha umhlambi wazo.
Amahhashi ama-Mustang adla otshanini nasezihlahleni. Ziyakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokudla izinsuku eziningana. Imisebenzi yendoda eyinhloko ifaka phakathi ukuthola amachibi okuchelela nedlelo elihle. Ngokuqala kobusika, amahhashi aba nesikhathi esinzima - kuba nzima ukuthola ukudla. Izilwane zimba iqhwa ngezinselo futhi zidla utshani obomile. Ukuze zigcine zifudumele, zisondelana.
Amadevu okuzalela ihhashi