Ama-turtles angenye yezilwane ezifuywayo ezingezona ezishintshashintshayo nezingajwayelekile. Kepha, emvelweni, kukhona abamele le zinhlobo ezimangaza ngosayizi wazo omuhle kakhulu.
Okukhulu kunakho konke ukumelwa kwamanzi kwalolu hlobo - ufudu lwesikhumba. Lesi ngesinye sezilwane eziphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ufudu wesikhumba ubizwa ngokuhlukile - umdondoshiya.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila yofudu lesikhumba
Le-waterfowl enkulu futhi ejabulisayo ingafinyelela kumamitha ambalwa ubude futhi inesisindo kusuka kumakhilogremu angama-300 ukuya kumathani. I-carapace yakhe ayixhunyiwe emthanjeni omkhulu, njengabo bonke abanye abafowabo.
Ukwakheka kwefudu kukhulu kangangokuba ubukhulu bomzimba wayo bilingana nobukhulu bamanzi - ngenxa yalokhu, ihamba ngokukhululekile olwandle. Ububanzi bamapheshana avulekile, ufudu lwesikhumba, bungaba amamitha amahlanu!
Ububanzi bamapheshana avulekile wofudu lesikhumba lungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-5
Ikhanda likhulu kangangokuba lesi silwane asikwazi ukusidonsela egobolondweni. Kulokho, lesi silwanyana esidabukisayo siqhasha ngokubona okuhle. Zinemibono emikhulu yangaphambili nezindawo ezinhle ezikhanyayo ezisakazeke emzimbeni wonke. Lezi ezihubhayo zimane zijabulele usayizi wazo!
Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu benzuzo yamaphambili, zingamandla amakhulu okushayela ufudu, futhi imilenze yangemuva isebenza njengezinkomba. Igobolondo lefudu lesikhumba lesikhumba lingasekela isisindo esikhulu - kuze kufike kumakhilogremu angamakhulu amabili, ngaphezulu kwesalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unesakhiwo esehlukile esimhlukanisa nesehlakalo se-carapace sabafowabo.
Akuqukethe amapuleti agqamile, kepha ungqimba lwesikhumba obukhulu kakhulu futhi obukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, ungqimba lwesikhumba luhlanganiswe kakhulu futhi lwakha izindla kuwo wonke umzimba.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala kwesfudu sesikhumba
Ezindaweni indawo yesikhumba yemfudu, ingabizwa ngokuthi amanzi afudumele olwandlekazi lwasezindaweni ezishisayo ezintathu: i-Indian, Atlantic nePacific. Kepha futhi kunezimo lapho bekubhekwa khona emanzini okufudumala okushisayo, ngokwesibonelo, osebeni lweMpumalanga Ekude.
Lezi zinto ezihuquzelayo zingahlala kule ndawo yasenyakatho. Njengoba bekwazi ukulawula umbuso ophethekayo. Kepha lokhu ufudu olukhulu lwesikhumba kuzodingeka okuningi kokudla. Into, ufudu lwesikhumba, ngamanzi. Sonke lesi sikhathi lezi zilwane zichitha emanzini, zihlala emhlabeni kuphela uma kunesidingo, kodwa zibeke amaqanda azo, bese zikhulisa uhlobo lwazo.
Futhi ngesikhathi sokuzingela okusebenzayo, ukugwinya umoya omncane. Ukushayela phansi ufudu lwesikhumba kungenzeka zingaphumi emanzini amahora amaningi. Ufudu lwesikhumba lungabhekwa njengesifiso sesilwane, alwamukeli ngempela ukuxhumana nabafowethu.
I-turtle sea turtle yasolwandle
Yize iqiniso lokuthi linobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, ungacabanga ukuthi libi futhi lihamba kancane kodwa ufudu olunesikhumba lungabhukuda ngamabanga amakhulu kakhulu futhi luthuthukise ijubane le-spin.
Futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ongena ezweni uyobeka amaqanda lapho. Ukuba semhlabeni, kunjalo, akusheshe kakhulu, kepha ngokuba semanzini, kumane nje kungukubhukuda okukhulu kakhulu nomzingeli ongakaze aqhathwe.
Ishobhe lesikhumba emuva kungenzeka lingabi yinto yokuhlaselwa nokuzingela izilwane ezizingela zasolwandle kulo. Kepha ukubhekana nakho akulula, kuzozivikela ekugcineni. Iqala ama-paws amakhulu nemihlathi eqinile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inomlomo obukhali kakhulu, ekwazi ukubhekana nakho ngisho noshaka. Kuyivelakancane ukuthi noma ngubani kubantu basolwandle abe nenhlanhla ngokwanele yokunqoba lesi silwane esinamandla.
Ukondla ufudu lwesikhumba
Idla ngofudu lwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi, ama-cephalopods, futhi ingadla izilwane zasolwandle nezinhlobo eziningi ze-crustacean.
Kodwa-ke, i-jellyfish iyindlela yokudla eyintandokazi yamafudu asemuva kwesikhumba. Ukuze zithole ukudla kwazo, kufanele zibhukude ziye ekujuleni okukhulu, okufika kumamitha ayi-1000.
Lapho sebebambe inyamazane, bayayiluma ngoqhwaku lwayo ngokushesha bayiginye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mkhiqizo awulona neze ithuba lokusindiswa, selokhu kwaphela umhlathi wefudu lesikhumba kuze kufike amathumbu embozwe ngameva afana nama-stalactites.
Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila kweshobhe lesikhumba
Abesilisa kusuka kwabesifazane bahlukaniswa ngumsila omude kanye nesakhiwo segobolondo elincane ngemuva. Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi ezindaweni ezithile ezisogwini lolwandle, izimfudu ezinkulu zesikhumba zifika emaqenjini ezidlekayo.
Isibonelo, ngasogwini lwaseMexico, kwaqoshwa ngaphezulu kwamakhulu imfucuza yalezihobhe. Yize ukubeka amaqanda ngamaqembu akuyona into evamile yokwenza ufudu lwesikhumba, angahlala yedwa. Ama-turtle wesikhumba akulungele ukuzalaniswa njalo eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemithathu, futhi angazalela amaqanda angaba ikhulu.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izimfudu ezisanda kuzalwa ezinenhlanhla yokusinda. Baningi abantu abazidlayo abangahlali ngokudliwayo kubo. Bambalwa kuphela abanenhlanhla abakwazi ukufinyelela olwandle olugcinekile lungalutholi, lapho bezithola belondekile.
Esithombeni, isidleke sengulube yesikhumba
Izimfudu zesikhumba zenza ubumbeko bazo esihlabathini esiseduze nolwandle. Bakhetha indawo ngokucophelela futhi ngamawele abo amakhulu anamandla bambe indawo yokubeka amaqanda, ngemuva komkhiqizo wenzalo yesikhathi esizayo, ufudu lubeka ngokucophelela isihlabathi ukuze okungenani luvikele izingane zalo ezincane.
Ngokujula, ukubumbeka kungafinyelela kumamitha owodwa nesigamu. Lokhu kujwayelekile uma ubheka inani lamaqanda nosayizi wawo. Ububanzi beqanda elilodwa bufika kumasentimitha amahlanu. Imvelo ehlinzekelwe izimfudu ubuqili obukhohlisayo, amaqanda amakhulu anezimbane ezincane, insikazi ibeka ekujuleni kobumbono, futhi kusukela phezulu kubeka okuncane nokungenalutho.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho ufudu lwasolwandle olubuyela emuva selukulungele ukuba ngumama futhi, ubuyela endaweni efanayo lapho ahlala khona okokugcina. Iqanda livikelwe igobolondo lesikhumba eliqinile, eliqinile.
Ngenkathi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ufudu lwesikhumba lungakhipha imfuhlumfuhlu enjalo eyisithupha, kepha kufanele kube negebe elilingana nezinsuku eziyishumi phakathi kwabo. Ubulili bezingane bunqunywa nguhulumeni wokushisa ngaphakathi esidlekeni. Uma isimo sezulu sipholile, abesilisa bayatholakala, futhi uma kufudumele, bese kuba abesifazane.
Esithombeni, ufudu omncane wesikhumba
Ama-turtle amancane azobona umhlaba ezinyangeni ezimbili. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, zisengcupheni, futhi ziyizisulu ezilula zabazingeli. Into esemqoka yamafudu amasha wukufika emanzini afiselekayo.
Labo bantu abambalwa abanenhlanhla ngokwanele yokufika olwandle, ekuqaleni kufanele badle i-plankton. Kancane kancane, njengoba bekhula, bazoqala ukuluma ku-jellyfish encane.
Azikhuli ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ngonyaka owodwa zikhula ngamasentimitha angamashumi amabili kuphela. Kuze kube yilapho sesikhulile, izimfudu zesikhumbahlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu ezifudumele zamanzi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, isikhathi sokuphila kwama-leatherback turtles sifika eminyakeni engama-50.
Incazelo
Esithombeni sefudu lesikhumba, isici salo sivele ngokusobala - igobolondo elenziwe ngesikhumba esinolaka. Ezindaweni ezi-7, isihlangu sinqunywa ngamagquma amade, amade. Ukwanda okufanayo kusesiswini. Umbala - onsundu, omnyama-onsundu onamabala amhlophe. Isimo somzimba sifana nethonsi, okungekhona ukuthi kwenzeke ngengozi. I-anatomy ethuthukisiwe inciphisa ukumelana noketshezi.
Ukubukeka okungenangozi kuyoshabalala ngokushesha uma ubheka imihlathi. Umlomo ugcotshwa ngamazinyo acwebezelayo, afana nama-stalactites. Iziqongo zeBony zifinyelela esophagus, zishiya isisulu singekho ithuba. Ngasikhathi sinye, lesi silwane sihlukaniswa umlingiswa waso othanda ukuthula, sibonisa ubutha kuyaqabukela.
Isikhali esikhulu esikuvumela ukuthi ulwe nezitha zakho zingamabhande. Esikhathini sokuqina kwamalunga kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3-5. Hhayi kuphela ubukhulu bofudu lwesikhumba, kodwa futhi nesisindo siyamangaza.
I-Dermochelys coriacea, enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-400-600, ithathwa njengesiyisisindo esilinganayo phakathi kwabafowethu.
Habitat
Ikhaya liyindawo enamanzi e-Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Oceans. Ku-expanses enosawoti kudlula ingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yamafudu.
Futhi lapho kuphela isikhathi sokuzalela lapho umzwelo wenza khona imidondoshiya iphume emhlabeni. Zitholakala esifundeni esisogwini seNtshonalanga neMalaysia, Mexico, Indonesia, French Guiana.
Ukuzala
Umanyolo kwenzeka njalo - kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-1-3. Owesifazane uyahamba ayozala uhlobo lapho azalelwa khona ngokwakhe. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abakwazi ukuthola ukuthi uphumelela kanjani.
Umama wesikhathi esizayo uzaca njengasolwandle ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Njengoba esithandile nesiteji ngenhla komugqa wamabhasi, uqala ukumba umgodi. Ukujula komthombo onjalo kungamamitha ayi-1. Ngemuva kokuqeda ukumbiwa, i-reptile ibekela amaqanda ayi-100, amanye angenalutho.
Qaphela!
Habitat
Ikhaya liyindawo enamanzi e-Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Oceans. Ku-expanses enosawoti kudlula ingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yamafudu.
Futhi lapho kuphela isikhathi sokuzalela lapho umzwelo wenza khona imidondoshiya iphume emhlabeni. Zitholakala esifundeni esisogwini seNtshonalanga neMalaysia, Mexico, Indonesia, French Guiana.
Umsoco
Ufudu lwasolwandle olubuyela emuva lungabizwa ngokuthi yi-gourmet. Ukudla kwakhe akuthandayo kukhulu futhi kunejellyfish encane. Umuntu onamandla okwazi ukugwinya ama-invertebrates anesisindo esiphelele sama-73% esawo ngosuku.
Lezi ezihubhayo azinayo eminye imikhuba yokudla. Ngakho-ke, baphoqelekile ukubhukuda amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane nsuku zonke beyofuna ukudla.
Ukuzala
Umanyolo kwenzeka njalo - kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-1-3. Owesifazane uyahamba ayozala uhlobo lapho azalelwa khona ngokwakhe. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abakwazi ukuthola ukuthi uphumelela kanjani.
Umama wesikhathi esizayo uzaca njengasolwandle ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Njengoba esithandile nesiteji ngenhla komugqa wamabhasi, uqala ukumba umgodi. Ukujula komthombo onjalo kungamamitha ayi-1. Ngemuva kokuqeda ukumbiwa, i-reptile ibekela amaqanda ayi-100, amanye angenalutho.
Qaphela!
Ukuvikela isishushubezi ekuhlaselweni kwangaphandle, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, inqubo iyaphindwa. Futhi njalonjalo, kuze kube kwenziwa imidwebo engu-4-7.
Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-60 kuye kwezingama-64. Kuzo zonke izingwebe ezihlosiwe, ama-30- 40% ayasinda. Zonke ezinye zidliwa yizinyoni eziseduzane. Labo abanenhlanhla bafika echibini lokusindisa. Ekuqaleni, amawundlu ahlala ngaphezulu, lapho kunokushisa okufudumele nokuningi.
Usongo lokuqothulwa
Phezu kwayo yonke into ekhona, ukuphanga sekucishe kungazenzi izitha endaweni yayo yemvelo. Ababhukudi abakhulu baleka kalula emanzini kusuka oshaka nezilwane ezincelisayo. Uma ukuphunyula kwehlulekile, kuhlale kunethuba lokwenza i-dive ejulile.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani labantu liyehla kakhulu. Asola lo mlisa. Kunezici ezi-3 zokunciphisa inani:
- ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwezizathu zokuzalela,
- ukuthathwa ngokungemthetho kwenyama yefudu, fat,
- Ukungcoliswa komhlaba wamanzi ngamapulasitiki nezinye izinto.
Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zivikelwe umhlaba wonke.
Uhlala kuphi ufudu lwesikhumba?
Izimfudu zesikhumba zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zasolwandle iPacific, Indian kanye ne-Atlantic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibhukuda emanzini ezinhliziyo ezifudumele. E-Russia, abamele lezi zinhlobo zezilwane batholwa emanzini aseMpumalanga Ekude: eningizimu yoLwandle lwaseJapan naseziQhingini zaseKuril. Futhi umuntu oyedwa wagcina eseLwandle iBering.
Ama-turtles wesikhumba ayizidalwa eziphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Ama-turtle wesikhumba achitha impilo yawo yonke emanzini, futhi kaningi ngaphezu kokubhukuda olwandle oluvulekile. Kuphela yisikhathi sokuzalela kuphela okuhlukile, ngalesi sikhathi izimfudu zihamba olwandle, futhi ngemuva kokuphothula umsebenzi wazo, ziyobhukuda futhi. Ama-turtle wesikhumba ngokuqhathaniswa nabalingani bawo angabahambi abakhuthele kakhulu. Zivame ukubhukuda ezindaweni ezinesizotha, ezitholakala kude kakhulu nezindawo ezidlekayo.
Ama-turtleback turtles, ngokungafani nezimfudu eziluhlaza ezi-herbivorous, adla kuma-crustaceans, jellyfish, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile ze-algae. Emanzini, lezi zifudu ziziphatha kahle, ziyakwazi ukubhukuda ngejubane eliphakeme, zenze ukunyakaza okuqondayo. Uma ufudu olunesikhumba lusengozini, luzivikela ngokuzikhandla, futhi lungadonsa ukushaya okunamandla ngezihlakala zalo nangemihlathi ebukhali.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezikhumba zezikhumba
Izindawo zokufakelwa ubhuvu kwesikhumba ezitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Izindawo zokufunda izidleke eziphambili zitholakala ogwini lwePacific lwaseMexico, izimfudu zezikhumba ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-30 zizalela amaqanda lapha unyaka nonyaka. Iziqu ezinkulu zezinsikazi ziyatholakala nakwezinye izindawo, ngokwesibonelo, eNtshonalanga Melika cishe izidleke zezinsikazi ezingaba ngu-1000-2000 ngonyaka, eFrance Guiana - kusuka kwabesifazane abangama-4 500-6 500. Iziza ezibalulekile zokudla izidleke zitholakala eGreat Barrier Reef e-Australia nase-Indonesia. Kukhona nezinye izindawo zokuzalela, kepha ezingaphansi kakhulu.
Igobolondo lefudu lesikhumba elijwayelekile lingajwayelekile.
Izimfudu zesikhumba zabesifazane, ngokungafani nezimfudu eziluhlaza, zenza ubumbano hhayi ngamaqembu kuphela, kodwa futhi ngawodwana. Zidonsela amanzi ngomsele ngemuva kokushona kwelanga bese zibamba umgodi ongafika kumitha 1 ubude ngemilenze yazo yangasemuva. Izindlovu zitholakala ngaphezu komugqa wamandla. Ku-clutch kukhona isilinganiso samaqanda angama-85 ayindilinga, kanti ububanzi beqanda ngalinye bube amasentimitha angama-6,6. Amaqanda anesikhumba, ngokubukeka kwawo afana namabhola e-tennis.
Isikhumba izimfudu zikwazi ukwenza imfucumfucu engu-4-6 phakathi nenkathi, isikhashana esiphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-9 ukuya kwezi-10. Cishe asikho isilwanyana esidla inyama esingafinyelela amaqanda, ngoba kunzima ukugaya isidleke esijulile. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, kuvela izimfudu ezivela emaqanda, angena emanzini. Abaningi babo bafa emilonyeni yabazingeli abahlukahlukene.
Lezi ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu zivame ukufela ezandleni zabantu.
Umonakalo omkhulu kubantu besifudu se-leatherback wenziwa ngabantu abadoba amaqanda nokubamba izimfudu ngokwazo, ezinenyama emnandi impela. Inani elikhulu labantu liyafa, ligxishwe emigqonyeni yezinhlanzi. Isikhumba negobolondo lamafudu asikhumba agcwele amanoni, abantu bayawushisa futhi bagcobe izikebhe ngawo.
Kunezindlela eziningana ezenziwayo zokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo. Isibonelo, amaqanda aqoqwa ezindaweni ezivikelekile, kuthi ngemuva kwamafudu aqandeke ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakwa, afakwa olwandle. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ungene ku-clutch ngayinye ufike kuma-70% amaqanda. Ngenxa yalezi zinyathelo, inani lamafudu asemuva kwesikhumba ngo-1981 lafinyelela kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-104, kanti ngo-1971 kwakukhona abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-29 kuphela.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Amanzi Amhlophe Ahlanzekile
Omunye umzimba othambile ofanelwe ukunakwa - ama-trionics amaShayina. Endle, uhlangana eMpumalanga Ekude, Japan, Korea, China.
I-turtle ikhula ibe ngu-25-40 cm. Kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ekufeni, azikho amapuleti ezimpondo emzimbeni. I-carapace ye-Elastic ithatha indawo yayo. Isibalo siqeda ngesibumbu esihlekisayo esinamakhala. Umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kumnqumo luhlaza okotshani.
Abathandi bezilwane ezifuywayo bazala ama-Trionics kuma-terrariums. Umthamo onconyiwe kusuka ku-60 l. Ukuze uthole induduzo, indlu kufanele ifakwe into engajulile, isihlungi, into yokushisa.
Cabanga ngolaka lwesilwane. Akahlosile ukuhlanganyela insimu nezinhlanzi, futhi imizamo yokuyilanda ingaholela ukulunywa kabuhlungu.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
Ukuphangwa okukhulu kakhulu kwatholakala ngonyaka we-1988 eNgilandi. Ngemuva kokukala, isikali sakhombisa ama-961 kg. Cishe izitholwa ezinde ezingamamitha amathathu zaphenduka umxhwele.
Ukuqina akusithinti ithalenta lasolwandle. Incwadi ye-Guinness Book of Record iqophe isivinini esiphezulu esingu-35.28 km / h. Okuqhathaniswa impela nejubane loMelusi waseJalimane.
Ukubukeka
I-Pseudocarapax yesikhunta esibuyisela isikhumba imelelwa izicubu ezixineneyo (4 cm thick), ngaphezulu lapho kutholakala khona izinkulungwane zezihlangu ezincane.Elikhulu kunawo wonke lakha imigqomo eqinile engu-7 efana nezintambo eziqinile ezelulwe eduze negobolondo kusuka ekhanda kuya emsileni. Ukuthamba nokuguquguquka okuthile kubuye kube yingxenye yesigaxa se-thoracic (hhayi sokonakala), esifakwe izimbambo ezinhlanu ezinde. Naphezu kokukhanya kwe-carapace, ivikela ngokuthembekile ukuphanga izitha, futhi inomthelela ekuqondeni kangcono ekuqineni kolwandle.
Ekhanda, entanyeni nasezandleni zezimpofana ezisencane, izihlangu ziyabonakala njengoba ziphela lapho zikhula (zihlala kuphela ekhanda). Isidala isilwane, sibusisa isikhumba sayo. Akunamazinyo emihlathini yofudu, kepha kukhona imiphetho yophondo enamandla futhi ebukhali ngaphandle, iqiniswa izicubu zomhlathi.
Ikhanda lefudu lesikhumba likhulu impela futhi alikwazi ukubuyela ngaphansi kwegobolondo. Izingalo zangaphambili ziphindwe cishe kabili kunangemilenze yezandla, zifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-5. Emhlabeni, ufudu lwesikhumba lubukeka linsundu (kucishe kube mnyama), kepha umbala ongemuva oyinhloko uxutshwe namabala aphuzi akhanyayo.
Indlela yokuphila
Ukube bekungengenxa yobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, ukuphanga bekungeke kube lula kangako ukukuthola - okudingayo akuhambeki emhlambini futhi kuziphathe njengokujwayelekile, banokuqapha futhi bacashe. Ama-turtle wesikhumba anamahloni, okuyinto emangazayo ngobukhulu bawo obukhulu namandla amangalisayo omzimba. ILoot, njengazo zonke ezinye izimfudu, ilula kancane emhlabeni, kepha yinhle futhi iyashesha olwandle. Lapha akaphazanyiswa ubukhulu nobukhulu obukhulu: ufudu onesikhumba ubhukuda ngokushesha emanzini, uqondisa ngokuxhamazela, ushona ngokujulile futhi uhlala lapho isikhathi eside.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Loot iyisitolo esihle kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke izimfudu. Leli rekhodi lingefudu lesikhumba, kwathi ngentwasahlobo yango-1987 lacwila lajula kumakhilomitha ayi-1,2 eduze kwaseVirgin Islands. Idivayisi enamathiselwe kugobolondo ibike ukujula.
Ijubane elikhulu (kuze kufike ku-35 km / h) linikezwa ngenxa yemisipha ye-pectoral ethuthukisiwe kanye nemilenze emine, efana namaflip. Futhi ezingasemuva zibuyisela isondo lokuqondisa, kanti ezingaphambili zisebenza njengenjini yangempela. Ngendlela yokubhukuda, ufudu olunesikhumba lufana nepenguin - lubonakala lukhuphuka kakhulu emanzini, lijikeleza ngokungathi shu amaphini amakhulu angaphambili.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Zonke izimfudu ezinkulu (ngenxa yokuncipha kwemetabolism) ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zifinyelela iminyaka engama-300 noma ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kwesikhumba esigoqekile kanye nokuvinjwa kokunyakaza kungafihlwa kokubili izirinji nabancane, izitho zangaphakathi ezicishe zingaguquki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafudu angenza ngaphandle kokudla neziphuzo izinyanga ngisho neminyaka (kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2), ayakwazi ukuma futhi aqale izinhliziyo zawo.
Ukube bekungengenxa yezilwane ezidliwayo, abantu, nezifo ezithathelanayo, wonke amafudu angasinda aze afike eminyakeni yobudala eyeqile efakwe kuzinhlobo zofuzo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ku-loot yasendle ihlala cishe isigamu seminyaka, futhi okuncane (30- 40) ekudingisweni. Abanye ososayensi babiza esinye isikhathi sokuphila sefudu lesikhumba - iminyaka eyi-100.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Ishobhe lesikhumba lihlala ezilwandle ezintathu (iPacific, Atlantic neNdiya), liqonde kuLwandle iMedithera, kepha akuvamile ukuthi liwele. Siphinde sabona ukuphangwa emanzini aseRussia (ngaleso sikhathi ayengamaSoviet) aseMpumalanga Ekude, lapho kwatholakala khona izilwane eziyi-13 kusukela ngo-1936 kuya ku-1984. Amapharamitha we-biometric of turtles: isisindo 240-1414 kg, ubude 1.16-11.57 m ngobubanzi obungu-0.77-11.12 m.
Kubalulekile! Ngokusho kwabadobi, isibalo 13 asikhombisi isithombe sangempela: eduze kwe-Kuril Islands yaseningizimu turtles kutholakala kaningi kakhulu. Ama-Herpetologists akholelwa ukuthi izidalwa ezifuywayo ziletha lapha inkambo efudumele kaSoy.
Ngokuma komhlaba, lokhu okutholakele nokwenziwa kamuva kwasatshalaliswa kanjena:
- Peter the Great Bay (Ulwandle lwaseJapan) - amakhophi ama-5,
- Ulwandle lwase-Okhotsk (i-Iturup, i-Shikotan ne-Kunashir) - amasampuli ayi-6,
- ugu oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSakhalin Island - 1 isibonelo,
- indawo enamanzi yeziqhingi zaseKuril eseningizimu - izinkulungwane ezi-3,
- I-Bering Sea - Isibonelo esingu-1,
- I-Barents Sea - 1 isibonelo.
Ososayensi baveze ukuthi izimfudu zesikhumba eziqala ukubhukuda olwandle lwaseMpumalanga Ekude ngenxa yokufudumala nokujikeleza kwamanzi nesimo sezulu. Lokhu kufakazelwa amandla ashukumisayo okubanjwa kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezi-pelagic kanye nokutholwa kwezinye izinhlobo zaseningizimu zezilwane zasolwandle.
Ukudla kwesikhumba sefudu
Izilwanyane azikho ezemifino futhi zidla ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Etafuleni lefudu liwela:
- inhlanzi,
- umfantu kanye nemfishi
- i-jellyfish
- ama-mollusks
- izibungu zolwandle
- izitshalo zasolwandle.
ILoot ingakwazi ukubhekana kalula neziqu ezinkulu futhi ezinyene, izilume ngemihlathi yayo enamandla futhi ebukhali. Izimbotshana zibuye zihlanganyele ekudleni ngezinselo eziwubambe ngokuqinile izisulu eziyizidlakudla nezitshalo ezibucayi. Kepha ufudu lesikhumba uqobo luba yinto yokuthakazelelwa ngabantu abayibonga inyama yayo emnandi.
Kubalulekile! Izindaba eziphathelene nokubulawa kwenyama yofudu azilungile: ubuthi bungena emzimbeni wesidalwa somoya kuphela kusukela ngaphandle, ngemuva kokudla izilwane ezinobuthi. Uma okuphangwe kudliwe ngendlela efanele, inyama yayo ingadliwa ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokwesaba ubuthi.
Amanoni amaningi atholakala ezicutshini zesikhumba esishubile, futhi ngokuqondile, ku-pseudocarapax yayo kanye ne-epidermis, evame ukufutheliswa futhi isetshenziselwe izinhloso ezahlukahlukene - ukufaka usawoti emfuhlumeni yezinhlanzi noma emishanguzweni yemithi. Ukukhulu kwamafutha egobolondweni kukhathaza kuphela abasebenzi abasebenza emnyuziyamu, abaphoqelelwa ukuthi babhekane namaconsi emfucuza abelokhu evuza imali efakwe emithini yesikhumba yeminyaka (uma usomatekisi enza umsebenzi omubi).
Izitha zemvelo
Ithatha isisindo esiqinile nesingafinyeleleki kalula, ukuphanga empeleni akunazitha emhlabeni nasolwandle (kuyaziwa ukuthi isidlovukazi esidala asesabi ngisho noshaka). Ukusuka kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, ufudu luphunyuka ngokuntywila ngokujulile, sehlela 1 km noma ngaphezulu. Uma kungaphumelelanga, uhlangana nomuntu ophikisana naye, alwe nemilenze yangaphambili eqinile. Uma kunesidingo, ufudu luyaluma, lusebenzisa imihlathi enezinothi ezibukhali ezibabayo - isilwane esidabukisayo esinama mahu siluma ngenduku.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umuntu uye waba yisitha esibi kunazo zonke izimfudu zesikhumba zabantu abadala.. Unembeza wakhe - ukungcoliswa kwamanzi olwandle, ukuthathwa kwezilwane okungekho emthethweni kanye nentshisekelo yezivakashi ezingalungiseki (ukuphanga kuvame ukugqekeza udoti wepulasitiki, kuthathe ukudla). Zonke izinto ngokuhlangene zinciphise inani lezizihulu zasolwandle. Abahlakani abangaphezulu kokubi banezingane ezingamafudu. Ama-turfish amancane futhi angenakuzivikela adliwa yizilwane nezinyoni ezihlaselayo, kanti nezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye zilala olwandle.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Isikhathi sokuzalela ufudu lwesikhumba sivele kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-1-3, kepha ngalesi sikhathi insikazi yenza imfuhlumfuhlu emi-4 kuya kwengu-7 (ngekhefu lezinsuku eziyishumi phakathi kwesinye). Isilwane esihuquzelayo sikhasa ogwini ebusuku bese siqala ukumba umgodi ojulile (1-1.2 m), lapho ekugcineni sigcina amaqanda avundisiwe futhi angenalutho (izingcezu ezingama-30-100). Amabhola wangaphambili afana namabhola e-tennis, afinyelela ku-6 cm ubukhulu.
Umsebenzi oyisisekelo womama ukucubungula isishutheli kakhulu kangangokuba izilwane ezidliwayo nabantu abakwazanga ukukuqhekeza, futhi uphumelela ngokuphelele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abaqoqi beqanda lendawo akuvamile ukuthi bambe ubumbano obujulile nobungenakufinyeleleka kobuhlalu bezikhumba, bebheka lo msebenzi awunzuzo. Imvamisa bafuna izinyamazane ezilula - amaqanda ezinye izimfudu zasolwandle, ngokwesibonelo, luhlaza okotshani noma ubuhlalu.
Umuntu angamangala nje ukuthi, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, amafudu asanda kuzalwa anqoba isendlalelo sesihlabathi esiminyene, anganciki usizo lukanina. Lapho sebephumile esidlekeni, baphapha olwandle, baphenduka amaphiko amancane, njengokubhukuda.
Kwesinye isikhathi, bambalwa kuphela abangena ezintweni zomdabu, bese abanye beba yisisulu sezinyosi, izinyoni nezinyamazane, besazi kahle isikhathi esiseduze sokubonakala kwezinjuba.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ngokusho kweminye imibiko, inani lamafudu asemuva kwesikhumba kuleplanethi lehle ngo-97%. Isizathu esiyinhloko sibizwa ukungabikhona kwezindawo zokuzalela amaqanda, okubangelwa ukukhula okukhulu kwezinga lolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziqothulwa ngentshiseko ngabazingeli bezimfudu abanesifiso 'sophondo lwofudu' (i-stratum corneum, equkethe amapuleti ayingqayizivele ngombala, iphethini, kanye nesimo).
Kubalulekile! Amazwe amaningana asevele anakekela ukusindisa abantu. Ngakho-ke, iMalaysia yenza amakhilomitha ayi-12 ogwini olusogwini lwaseTerengganu eligcinwe ukuze izimfudu ezinesikhumba zibeke amaqanda azo lapha (lokhu kungabafazi ababalelwa ku-850 kuya ku-1700 ngonyaka).
Manje ufudu lwesikhumba lubandakanywa kwirejista ye-International Convention on Trade in Wild Fauna naseFlora, ku-International Red Book (njengohlobo olusengozini), kanye naku-II isithasiselo seBerne Convention.
