Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Inhlanzi yeBony |
Subfamily: | Uhlobo lwenhlanzi |
Buka: | Chinook salmon |
Chavycha (lat. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) - uhlobo lwenhlanzi ebanzi yomndeni we-salmon.
Elikhulu kunawo wonke ku-Pacific salmon. Ubungako obujwayelekile besalmon ye-chinook eyi-90 cm. Emanzini aseMelika, i-chinook salmon ifinyelela ku-cm eziyi-1471. Endaweni yeKamchatka, inhlobo ifinyelela kubude obuyi-180 cm futhi nangaphezulu. Kwaqoshwa icala lokuthwebula kwe-chinook salmon enesisindo esingu-61.2 kg.
Igama livela egameni laso le-Itelmen "Chowuich." AbaseMelika babiza uChinook salmon igama laseNdiya - Chinook noma inkosi isalimoni - I-salmon yasebukhosini, futhi amaJapan amhlukanise isihloko esithi "isikhulu kasalimoni."
Abantu
Emanzini ase-Asia, ihlala eMfuleni i-Anadyr, eKamchatka, e-Commander Islands, e-Amur nasenyakatho neHokkaido. Isuka ogwini lwaseMelika isuka eningizimu yeCalifornia iye eKotzebue Bay e-Alaska, kufaka phakathi iziqhingi zase-Aleutian nase-Arctic, iye emfuleni iCoppermine. Okuningi kakhulu emifuleni yeBritish Columbia (Canada), Washington State (USA), kanye neSaltramento River (California).
Ngenxa yokuzingela ngamanani amakhulu eKamchatka, i-Chinook salmon icishe yanyamalala ngokuphelele emigodini ethile yendawo. Njengamanje, ukudotshwa kwale nhlanzi kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele kulo lonke ugu olusentshonalanga yeKamchatka, empumalanga yeChinook salmon kuvunyelwe kuphela njengokubanjiswa.
Ukubukeka
Ama-back, ama-dorsal ne-caudal fins ambozwe izindawo ezimnyama ezizungezayo ezimnyama. I-Chinook salmon ihlukile kwamanye ama-salmon kwinani elikhulu (elingaphezu kwe-15) lama-gill gill. Isambatho sokuvuthwa asisho lutho kunalenhlanzi enjenge-salmon ye-chum, i-pink salmon, kanti owesilisa kuphela omnyama abe namabala abomvu ngesikhathi sokuhlanza. Ama-salmon amancanyana angadidaniswa ne-salmon ye-coho, kepha i-salmon ye-chinook ibonakala ngezinsini ezimnyama emhlathini ophansi, futhi amabala amnyama amnyama awembozi nje kuphela isiqu sawo sangemuva kanye ne-caudal, kodwa futhi nobabili be-lobud fin.
Ukusakaza
Ukuze usakaze, i-chinook salmon ingena emifuleni emikhulu, lapho ihlala ikhuphuka amabanga amakhulu (kufika kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezine). Amahlumela ngoJuni - Agasti, emifuleni yaseNyakatho Melika - futhi ekwindla nasebusika. I-Chinook salmon spawning ihlala ihlobo lonke. Inhlanzi enamandla ayesabi isibhaxu esisheshayo (1-1.5 m / sec) futhi igxoba imigodi ebunjiwe ngamatshe amatshe amakhulu namabhulukwe ngomsila wayo. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14 amakhulu kune-salmon ye-chum. Fry ishiye amaqanda isikhathi eside kunalokho (kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuya kwezingu-1-2), njengefry ebomvu, ahlala emfuleni, amanye awo, ikakhulukazi abesilisa, avuthiwe lapho, afinyelela kubude obuyi-75-175 mm ngo-3-7 iminyaka yehlobo. Kunefomu emfushane, emelelwa kuphela abesilisa abafinyelela ebusheni ngaphandle kokuya olwandle ngobude obungu-10-47 cm eneminyaka emi-2 ubudala futhi babambe iqhaza ekusakazeni kanye nabesilisa abahamba ngokuhamba. Emifuleni yaseMelika, kunezindlela zokuhlala zangempela. Emfuleni waseColumbia, iChalmok salmon imelelwa ngamafomu amabili - intwasahlobo nehlobo.
Izikhathi ezinwebeka ngalezi zinhlobo zingezifa. I-Chinook salmon ihlala olwandle kusuka eminyakeni emi-4 kuye kweli-7. Lesi yizinhlobo ezithanda ukubanda futhi ithanda ukuhamba emanzini oLwandle iBering eduze eduze ne-Commander and Aleutian Islands. Amajaha asemfuleni adla izinambuzane zasemkhathini nezibungu zawo, ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezincane. Olwandle, isisekelo sokudla kwe-Chinook salmon ama-crustaceans ama-planktonic, izinhlanzi ezincane kanye ne-squid.
Incazelo yenkosi yezinhlanzi
Ihluka kwabanye abamele umndeni we-Chinook salmon ngobukhulu obukhulu. Isifaniso esikhulu kunazo zonke esirekhodiwe sinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-61. Nge ubude, lezi zinhlanzi ezinkulu zingafinyelela amamitha owodwa nesigamu. Usayizi omaphakathi wezinhlanzi ozovuthwa cishe ngamasentimitha angama-90.
EKamchatka Krai, ubude bomzimba we-Chinook salmon bungadlula ngo-180 cm, futhi emanzini aseMelika - 147 cm. Isisindo somzimba kaningi singama-5-12 kg.
Emhlane, i-dorsal ne-caudal fin, kunezindawo ezincane eziyindilinga zombala omnyama. Ngaphezu kosayizi bezinye i-salmon, le nhlanzi ihlukaniswa inani elikhulu lemisebe ye-gill - izingcezu ezingaphezu kwe-15.
Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
Ukugqoka kokuhlobisa kwenkosi yezinhlanzi akubonakali njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, lokho kwe-salmon epinki noma i-chum salmon, umzimba womuntu wesilisa ngesikhathi sokuzala kuphela uba mnyama bese kuvela amabala abomvu. Abantu abancanyana bangadidaniswa ne-coot, kepha i-salmon ye-chinook inezinsini ezimnyama emhlathini ongezansi, futhi amabala amnyama awatholakali emuva kuphela, kodwa nesiqu se-caudal nakuwo womabili ama-lobudal fin.
Impilo yesizukulwane esisha senkosi inhlanzi
Amafry isikhathi eside awashiyi imifula emisha, ezindaweni zawo zokubeletha ahlala izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwengu-2. Inhlanzi endala yenkosi emanzini anosawoti idla ama-squid nezinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo. Futhi abantu abasha badla izibungu zezinambuzane, ama-crustaceans kanye nefry zezinye izinhlanzi.
Ukuze iqhume, i-Chinook salmon ingena emifuleni emikhulu lapho ikhuphuka ngamamitha ayi-4.
Lapho abesilisa nabesifazane beya kuhluma, bakwenqaba ngokuphelele ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitho zabo zokugaya ukudla ziyawohloka. Ziqhutshwa inhloso eyodwa - ukuzala. Ngemuva kokuhlakazeka, abantu abadala bayafa. Ososayensi abakwazi ukunikeza impendulo eqondile yokuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ohambweni olude, izinhlanzi zilahlekelwa amandla ngenxa yokuthi zihamba ibanga elide.
Kepha ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ze-salmon ngemuva kohambo olunzima azife, kodwa ziphindele emanzini olwandle futhi. Lapho abantu abasha bekhula, babhukuda olwandle. Ukutholakala kwesalmon ye-Chinook kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-3-7.
I-young Chinook salmon idla izinambuzane zasemkhathini nezibungu zazo, ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezincane.
I-Chinook salmon ithanda amanzi abandayo, ngakho-ke ihamba isisindo enyakatho yeBering Sea eduze kwe-Commander and Aleutian Islands. IChinook yeqa kakhulu olwandle, isuka ogwini ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-1000. Kunefomu emfushane le-Chinook salmon, emelelwa kuphela abesilisa, okuvela esikhathini sabo eminyakeni emi-2 ngobude bomzimba wamasentimitha ayi-10 ukuya kwele-10. Lawa malesilisa akahambi olwandle, kodwa aqhubeke nokuhlala emifuleni, kodwa abambe iqhaza ekusakazeni kanye nabesilisa abahamba ngomkhumbi. Isibonelo, eMfuleni iColumbia kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zohlobo lwe-chinook salmon - entwasahlobo kanye nehlobo.
Indawo yokuhlala yase-Chinook salmon
Ngokwezincazelo zesayensi, i-Chinook salmon ingeyezinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile omndeni we-salmon. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inhlanzi ichitha ubuningi bokuphila kwayo ngaphandle kwemingcele yamanzi ahlanzekile futhi ibanga elide ukusuka ezindaweni lapho yazalelwa khona. Lokhu kungenxa yomjikelezo othile wokuphila, obonakala cishe ngabo bonke abamele ama-salmonids.
I-Chinook salmon itholakala phakathi komngcele osentshonalanga nogu lwePacific eMelika kanye nenyakatho yeziqhingi zaseJapan, kanye naseKamchatka naseziqhingini zaseKuril.
Emanzini amasha wezidumbu zamanzi aseBritish Columbia, eWashington, engxenyeni yeRussian Federation, ezigodini zomfula i-Anadyr nase-Amur, kutholakala inani labantu abasha bamanzi aseChinook salmon.
Kulezi zinsuku, izinhlobo zama-salmon zokufakelwa ziyatshalwa ngokuqhubekayo, futhi i-chinook salmon iyahluka. I-Chinook salmon idotshwa emapulazini akhiwe ngamakhemikhali akumaGreat Lakes e-United States naseNew Zealand. Indlela efanayo ifakwa ngaphansi kwezimo zanamuhla zokuphila komuntu, lapho inani lezinhlanzi ezibanjwa lihlala likhuphuka, ngenxa yokuthi inani lazo liyancipha.
Inhlanzi yeChinook: incazelo
Uma siqhathanisa i-Chinook salmon nezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-salmon, khona-ke i-Chinook salmon ingahlukaniswa ngesisindo esibalulekile. Izilinganiso zezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zibonisa isisindo esingama-6 kuye kwayi-17 kg, yize abanye abadobi bekwazile ukubamba isampuli enesisindo esingafika kuma-30 kg. Isisindo sezinhlanzi siqoshwe cishe kuma-60 kg. Ubude bezinhlanzi ezijwayelekile buqhamuka kuma-85 kuye kwangama-115 cm, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala abantu abanobude obuyi-1.5 kuya kwezi-2 metres.
Izimpawu ezihlukile zangaphandle imichilo emikhulu etholakala phakathi kwekhanda nomzimba wayo. Umbala wenhlanzi uncike kakhulu ezindaweni ahlala kuzo futhi ungaba nombala ompunga okhanyayo, nesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okotshani noma omnqumo. Isifunda esiswini senhlanzi nezinhlangothi zaso kunothinti wesiliva. Ezinhlangothini, ngaphezulu komugqa we-lateral kanye nangaphezulu emuva, kufakwe amachaphaza amachashaza ashubile, amachashazi amnyama asayizi omncane. Lapho isikhathi sifika, i-Chinook salmon ishintsha umbala: endaweni yomzimba kukhona i-tint ekhanyayo emnyama, bese ikhanda lekhanda limnyama. Njengomthetho, izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zalo mndeni, ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuluka, zishintsha kakhulu ukubukeka kwazo.
I-Chinook salmon ingahlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo zalo mndeni ngamabala, hhayi ngobukhulu obukhulu, obonakala ngemuva, umsila kanye namaphiko enhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azikho i-salmon emzimbeni wezinhlanzi, okukhona kuzo izindawo ezakhiwe ngo-salmon X nemivimbo epinki emzimbeni.
Isikhathi sempilo nokuzala
Umjikelezo wempilo we-Chinook salmon uhlukaniswe izigaba eziningana:
- Ukuzalwa komfula wamanzi amasha.
- Impilo kule ndawo iminyaka emibili.
- Ukuthuthela olwandle nokuhlala lapho kuze kube iminyaka engu-3-5 ubudala.
- Buyela ezindaweni azalelwe kuzo ukuze aqhubeke nomndeni wakhe.
Iziduna zezinhlobo ezithile zalo mndeni, ezikhula ubude kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-50 cm, azikwazi ukuphuma ezindaweni zazo, ngenkathi zenza ukuthomba. Babamba iqhaza ekwenziweni kwe-Spawning namanye amadoda. I-Chinook salmon isaphaphalaza emifuleni emincane, iqhubekela ezindaweni ezingenahlakazeki ezingapheli, inqoba ngasikhathi sinye amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane. Inqubo yokuqalwa kwezinhlanzi ingenziwa isikhathi eside ngokwanele: ezimweni zemvelo ezijwayelekile - kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti, futhi ezimweni zokuphindaphindwa kwasenyakatho - ukusuka ekwindla kuye ebusika.
Lapho usemfuleni, izinhlanzi zidla:
- Zonke izinhlobo zezibungu.
- Izinambuzane.
- Hhayi inhlanzi enkulu.
- Hhayi ama-crustaceans amakhulu.
Lapho ethuthela olwandle, indlela adla ngayo yile:
- Ama-Crustaceans.
- Ama-Cephalopods.
- Izinhlanzi ezincane.
- Plankton.
- UKrill.
Ukuqanjwa kweChinook Salmon
Inyama yenhlanzi ye-Chinook salmon ibonakala njengegugu kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba khona kuyo yonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile komzimba womuntu, kanye nekhono lokupheka izitsha ezahlukahlukene, ngenxa yama-indices amahle kakhulu wokunambitha. Inyama ye-salmon ye-Chinook inothile ngamavithamini B1 no-B2, kanye namavithamini C, PP, K, E. Ngokwengeza amavithamini, inyama iqukethe yonke inqwaba yezinto ezisebenzayo zokulandela umkhondo, njenge-zinc, i-selenium, i-calcium, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-iron, i-magnesium, i-molybdenum , i-sodium, i-nickel, i-chromium, i-fluorine, njll.
Inyama yeChinook iqukethe ama-protein ayi-20 g nge-100 g yomkhiqizo. I-Choline ne-Omega-3 fatty acids, engakhiqiwe ngumzimba womuntu, nayo yatholakala yinyama. Lokhu kusebenza kuma-acosahexanoic (DHA) kanye ne-eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid, omsebenzi wayo ukuqinisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli, okunomthelela ekuqalisweni okufanele kwezinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni womuntu. Inyama ye-Fish, kufaka phakathi i-caviar yayo, ibonakala ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sokugaya ukudla, okwenza sikwazi ukuhlanganisa zonke izingxenye ezisebenzayo kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, izinhlanzi zibamba indawo ekhethekile ekudleni komuntu.
I-cinoar ye-Chinook salmon ibonakala ngokuba khona kokunambitheka okubabayo, futhi amaqanda ngamanye afinyelela usayizi ongafika ku-6-7 mm. Ngesinye isikhathi, inhlanzi ingabekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14.
Amaphesenti wamafutha enyameni mancane kakhulu futhi afinyelela kuma-11,5,5% kuphela, okuncane kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nenyama evela kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zomndeni we-salmon. Inyama ibonakala ngombala obomvu ocebile nge-raspberry hue. Inyama yayo ifana nenyama ye-salmon ukunambitha. Ngokupheka okufanele nangokufanele, inyama ye-salmon ye-chinook inganambitheka kakhulu kunenyama yesalimoni.
Inani lamandla wezinhlanzi ze-chinook lalinganiselwa ku-146 kcal ngamagremu ayi-100 omkhiqizo. Lezi zinkomba zingahluka ngokuya ngemikhawulo emincane, kuya ngendawo yayo yokuhlala, ubudala, ubulili, isikhathi sokudoba, njll.
Izinzuzo nokulimazeka kwezinhlanzi ze-chinook salmon
Ukudla izinhlanzi ze-chinook salmon, ungafinyelela imiphumela elandelayo:
- Vimbela izinqubo zokubhubhisa kanye neze-atrophic ezenzeka ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi nendawo ezihambisana nezinto ezihlobene nobudala.
- Yehlisa ubungozi bokuthola i-sclerosis, isifo se-Alzheimer kanye nokwehla komqondo.
- Ukuze ube nomthelela omuhle ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwezinhliziyo.
- Thuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni.
- Qinisa izicubu zamathambo, unciphise amathuba wokuqhekeka kwegazi, kanye ne-osteoporosis.
- Qinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezitho zombono, wenze kahle umsebenzi wesistimu yezinzwa ngesizukulwane samaseli ezinzwa amasha, qinisekisa ukususwa okufanele kwezinto ezinobungozi emzimbeni, ukondla amaseli ngezinto ezigcwele ezigcwele.
- Gcina ithoni yohlelo lwe-vascular system, ngenxa yokufihlwa kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo emzimbeni, ezisiza ukuvikela umzimba kuma-pathologies ahlukahlukene wemvelaphi eyinkimbinkimbi.
Contraindication ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ye-chinook salmon kufaka phakathi ukusabela okubi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukusabela okunjalo akuvamile kakhulu (1 kumacala angama-250), okungeke kuthiwe ngobunzima bale nkomba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ye-chinook kukhawulelwe kubantu abanezinkinga ngepheshana lesisu lesimo esingapheli.
Sibanjiswa kuphi futhi kanjani iChinok salmon?
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, inhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu ibhekwa uma ingakaqali ukukhuphuka umfula iye ezindaweni ezinamaphaza. Kepha kunobungozi bokubanjwa kwayo okungalawulwa, okungaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwabantu kule nhlanzi emnandi nenempilo.
Abadobi abaningi baphawula ukuthi i-Chinook salmon yinhlanzi enobuqili futhi eqaphile. Bathe le nhlanzi ikhetha izindawo zokupaka okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo mayelana nokudoba.
Izinhlanzi ezikhule ngokuhlangene ziqukethe izinto eziyingozi kakhulu, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuyibamba ezindaweni ezinjalo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe abantu ababanjwe ezimweni zemvelo.