Inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke engenabhanoyi emhlabeni walesi siqhingi se-Emperor penguin. Isilwane wuphawu lwangempela lwe-Antarctica. Lezi zinyoni eziyingqayizivele zingafinyelela “edlelweni” lazo cishe amakhilomitha angama-300. Le ndlela yinde kakhulu futhi inzima; kuqubuka amawa onwabile namaqhwa asendleleni. Lezi izinyoni zenhlalo, futhi uma kunomoya onamandla, bahlangana ndawonye ukuze bakwenze kufudumale, bakha amathole ezinhlobo ezihlukile.

Imininingwane ejwayelekile

Isilwane sabelwe ukuhanjiswa kanye nomndeni wakwaPigvinov. Ukuphakama kwe-Emperor penguin - - amasentimitha ayi-112, isisindo ukusuka ku-20 kuye ku-40 kilos. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwewu-6. Zizala kanye ngonyaka futhi ku-clutch kukhona iqanda elilodwa kuphela, lapho kuvela khona inkukhu esikhathini kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-60 kuye kwezingu-100.

I-Penguin isilwane esidlangalaleni. Amakholoni akhiwa ngesilinganiso esisukela ku-500 kuya ku-20 000 ngazimbili. Zidla kuma-crustaceans, izinhlanzi kanye ne-cuttlefish. Emperor penguin uhlala ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka engama-20. Ngendlela, igama lesayensi lezinhlobo, elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini, lisho "ukuphambuka okungenantambo."

Ukubukeka

Le inyoni enkulu enomhlane obanzi nesifuba esikhulu. Ipenguin inomsila omncane nemilenze. Ikhanda lincane nentamo inde. Uqhwaku luhlaba umxhwele ngosayizi nobude.

Isilwane kusuka ekuqandeni sivikela ungqimba olunamafutha, sifinyelela amasentimitha amathathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nyoni inenqwaba efana noboya obukhulu kakhulu, obuvikela umzimba emimoyeni enamandla neyibandayo.

Ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona i-Emperor penguin, ngaphezu “kwengubo” efudumele, kudingeka umbala okhethekile ukuze ungahlali ulambile futhi ungadliwa. Esilwaneni, emuva kumnyama futhi nesisu simhlophe, kepha eduze komphimbo kukhona owolintshi okhanyayo. Ikuvumela ukuba uzishaye kahle kubaphangi. Inyoni le ukubhukuda okukhulu.

Indlela yokuphila

Ngokumangazayo, iqiniso lokuthi izibalo zibusa emphakathini we-Emperor penguin. Ezilwaneni, bobabili ubulili bashintshe izindima ngokuphelele. Owesifazane uqobo ufuna umlingani, onakekela owesilisa amthandayo. Esikhathini esizayo, okungukuthi, lapho iqanda liqhamuka, owesilisa ubandakanyeka ekulamukeni, lowesifazana eba yimpango. Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kwemisebenzi ezilwaneni kuyaqabukela.

Izilwane azenzi nokwakha izibawu, kepha amakholoni wonke. Naphezu kothando olunjalo lokuxhumana nohlobo lwalo, ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, lo mbhangqwana ushiya ikholoni bese ubuya nosana olusanda kuzalwa.

Habitat

Ihlala kuphi i-Emperor penguin? Vele, eSouth Pole, e-Antarctica. Izinyoni zingahlala emafulethini eqhwa, kodwa ngesikhathi sokudalwa empeleni zingena shí e-Antarctica. Kuze kube manje, kun ingqikithi yezindawo ezingama-38. Ezwekazini, izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni lapho kunendawo yokukhosela yemvelo, engaba yiqhwa noma iqhwa.

Izitha Nokudla

Ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona i-empengu penguin, hhayi izilwane eziningi kakhulu ezihlala khona, ngakho-ke inyoni ayinazitha. Emanzini nasogwini, kuphela umkhomo obulala kanye nengwe yolwandle engahlasela isilwane. Ama-Skuas angahlasela i-pack ice, kepha amachwane kuphela asengozini. By the way, cishe ¾ yazo zonke izingane zibulawa yi-skuas.

Ukudla kwezilwane kuyinto eyothusayo futhi kuqukethe ngokuphelele abamele olwandle olujulile, futhi laba bangama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi.

I-Molting

Mayelana ne-Emperor penguin, singasho ukuthi le nyoni ihlukile kuzo zonke izindlela, ngisho nokuqunjelwa kwenzeka ngendlela ehehayo. Izimpaphe ezindala aziwele okokugcina kuze kube manje lapho abasha sebekhule ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, inyoni ihlala emhlabeni, njengoba isembozo sibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi izindawo ezingamanzi zincishisiwe. Inqubo yokushintsha i-plumage yenzeka kanye ngonyaka.

Ukuzalela nokuzalela

I-Nesting iqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi ihlala izinyanga eziyi-10. Abaphenyi ababone le nyoni bahlukanisa inqubo ngezigaba eziyisithupha:

1. Ukwakheka kwamakoloni nomabili. Uma owesilisa nowesifazane beba ngonyaka owedlule, khona-ke bafuna i-pair yabo.
2. Ukulala kweqanda nokuqandusela. Owesifazane uphethe iqanda elilodwa nje futhi ashiye ukondliwa. Owesilisa udela indlala futhi afake iqanda.
3. Izinsikazi ziyabuya, bese zifaka iqanda noma zithathe umntwana oselunyuliwe. Abesilisa baya olwandle. Lo mbhangqwana uthola omunye nomunye ngezwi. Uma iphuphu libamba ngaphambi kokufika kukamama, khona-ke ubaba uyakwazi ukumondla. Unesikhumba esikhethekile esisongela ubisi. Ukufika kowesifazane kuphakela inkukhu, ukugoba ukudla.
4. Ukondla nokukhulisa isizukulwane esisha.
5. I-Molting.
6. Ukuwa kwekholoni nokuhamba olwandle.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ama-Emperor penguin anezibopho zomshado eziqinile, atholana ngezwi. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi omunye wabalingani eza kamuva endaweni yezidleke, bese omunye esethole umngane noma intombi entsha, khona-ke umshado osanda kudalwa uqhekeka.

Imidlalo yokumatanisa ihlala cishe amasonto amathathu. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, lokhu kungumbono omangalisayo. Umbhangqwana ungahlala amahora amaningi, ucindezelwe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye, noma uhlale ubhekene, uvale amehlo. Izinyoni zelula imisebe yazo yodwa futhi ziyacula. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, umsindo ukhuphuka ngaphezulu koloni;

Phakathi kwezilwane, kuyisiko ukupha umuntu othandana naye izipho. Owesilisa uletha amatshe ezinyaweni zalowo okhethiwe, ngokuzayo ozosebenza njengezinto zokwakha isidleke. Kepha, njengomthetho, lokhu akusebenzi kahle kwabesilisa abancane, abasenaso usayizi ofanele wamatshe futhi baletha amatshe amakhulu amakhulu okubhekisa kuwo, lapho kuzoba nzima ukuphonsa iqanda.

Isithombo

Ngokokuqala ngqa, inkukhu inyathela phansi emhlabeni inamaviki amahlanu kusukela izelwe. I-Emperor penguin yezingane idala uhlobo lwenkulisa, ukudalwa kwayo kwamukelwa ngokuphelele kuwo wonke amalungu e-koloni, ngisho nabathengisi bezingane. Futhi ukudalwa kwayo kungenxa yezizathu ezimbili:

1. Abazali basadinga ukuya olwandle, bondle futhi bondle ingane yabo, esivele idinga ukudla okwengeziwe.
2. Izinsana zifudumala kakhulu lapho zihlangana ndawonye. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu abadala abangahambanga olwandle bezungeza izingane ngendandatho eminyene, bayifudumeza, ibavikele emoyeni nasezinyoni zezinyamazane.

Ngezinyanga ezinhlanu, izinsana ziguqula amapulamu azo futhi zingasadingi ukunakekelwa kwabazali nothisha kusuka enkulisa, baya olwandle. Kepha abazali ababashiyi futhi babalandele ukuze babaxhase ekucwilisweni kokuqala emanzini.

Ukuhamba emanzini

Ama-penguin angahamba ngezindlela ezintathu emanzini:

• ukubhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi
• gxumela kulo ungene ezweni,
• ukubhukuda ebusweni.

Lapho inyoni ibhukuda ngaphezulu, kuphela emuva nekhanda okubonakala emzimbeni. Ama-penguins amahle kakhulu ayakwazi ukubhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ukumelana nomoya kusiza ukuphuma kukho, ngoba kungaphansi kokumelana kwamanzi.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

I-Emperor penguin ibeka iqanda elinesisindo esingu-450 amagremu, kuthi isidleke sibonakale sinesisindo esingu-300 amagremu. Le nyoni ingena ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-265. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, irekhodi labekwa phakathi kwezilwane lapho i-penguin yahlala imizuzu eyi-18 ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ekufuneni inyamazane, inyoni engaphansi kwamanzi ikhula ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-60 ngehora.

Owesilisa uyizizukulwane ezizungezayo. Cishe amasonto amahlanu kubonakale inkukhu, iya "enkulisa", enothisha bayo abaqapha izingane, nabazali bashiye ukudla.

Ukuze zivikeleke emimoyeni ebandayo, izinyoni ziphambuka ziye eqenjini eliminyene lapho wonke amalungu ahamba khona ukufudumeza wonke umuntu. Amaqembu afanayo adalwe "enkulisa", ngaphakathi kwawo kuphela kuhlala amachwane, afudunyezwa ngabantu abadala.

I-Emperor penguin inezinga eliphansi kakhulu lobutha ngaphakathi koloni. Isibonelo, ama-penguins afanayo we-Adelie avikela ngenkuthalo insimu yabo kubamele bezinhlobo zabo.

Isilwane sithanda kakhulu ukuhamba, ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona i-Emperor penguin, inyoni ingahamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-300, futhi leli yiqhwa, i-icing kanye neqhwa, umoya onamandla nesithwathwa.

Inyoni isilwane esinamandla kakhulu. Unemisipha emikhulu engaphula ngisho umlenze womuntu ngegagasi elilodwa lephiko.

Njengezilwane eziningi emhlabeni, i-empengu penguin (ngaphezu kwezitha zemvelo) inenye - indoda. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwalelikhulu lama-20, amakoloni amaningi atholakala kubantu abhujiswa ngesihluku. Kuze kube manje, kunohlelo lokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo, inani labantu licishe labuyiselwa ngokuphelele.

Incazelo Nezici

Emperor penguin - Ummeleli omude kakhulu futhi osindayo womndeni wakhe wobukhosi - umndeni wepenguin. Ukukhula Kwe-Emperor Penguin kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela ku-1.20 m, nesisindo somzimba kuze kufike kuma-40 kg, futhi nangaphezulu. Izinsikazi zincane kancane - zifinyelela kuma-30 kg.

Umhlane nekhanda lakhe kumnyama ngokuphelele, futhi isisu simhlophe ngephuzi. Umbala wemvelo uyenza icishe ifane nokufunana nezilwane ezizingelayo lapho zizingela emanzini. Ngokwemvelo ayazi ukuthi ingandiza kanjani, kepha inyoni enamandla futhi inemisipha. Emperor Penguin Izikhova embozwe ngokuphelele nge-fluff emhlophe.

Lo mmeleli wepenguin wachazwa emuva ngekhulu le-19, yiqembu labacwaningi elaliholwa uBellingshausen. Ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ikhulu, ukuhamba kukaScott nakho kwaba neqhaza elikhulu esifundweni sakhe.

I-Emperor penguin namuhla cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-300 (kwizinyoni akuyona into enkulu), ibhekwa njengenyoni engandile, futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezivikelwe. Emperor penguin esithombeni inyoni enhle ngokubabazekayo, akunjalo?

Uzingela olwandle, njenganoma iyiphi inyoni yasolwandle, edla izinhlanzi kanye ne-squid. Ukuzingela kwenzeka ikakhulu eqenjini. Iqembu lingena ngenkani e-jamb, lilethe isiyaluyalu esiphelele ezinhlwini zalo, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamapengu abambe okutholayo.

Bayakwazi ukugwinya isifiso emanzini, kepha ngesisulu esikhudlwana kunokuba nzima - kufanele kudonswe ogwini, bese bekuvele kubhidlizwa - ukusidla.

Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, bayakwazi ukunqoba amabanga amade kakhulu, bekhula ngesivinini esingafika ku-6 km ngehora. I-penguin ye-imperial ingumpetha wokumba phakathi kwezihlobo zakhe, ukujula kwe-dive yakhe kungafinyelela kumamitha angama-30 nangaphezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangabamba umoya wabo isikhathi esingaba imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu. Lapho zibhukuda, zigxila kakhulu embonweni, Ngakho-ke, ukukhanya okuningana kungena emanzini, ekujuleni kwalokho kushona. Bazama ukusungula amakoloni abo ezindaweni ezingashayanga umoya, kude nomoya osenyakatho obandayo, bawafihla ngemuva kwamawele amatshe nasezivinjelweni zeqhwa.

Kubalulekile ukuthi kube namanzi avulekile eduzane. Amakoloni angabalwa ezinkulungwaneni zabantu. By the way, kwesinye isikhathi zihamba ngokuthakazelisa impela - ukudonsa iqhwa eqhweni naseqhweni esiswini sabo, ngosizo lwamaphiko nama-paws.

Ama-penguin ajwayele ukufuthelwa ngamaqembu amakhulu, ngaphakathi kuwo okushisa ngisho, ngaphandle kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ziyahlukahluka, ukuze yonke into ilunge - abangaphakathi bathuthele ngaphandle, kanti abangaphandle bayazifudumeza ngaphakathi. Ama-penguin achitha inqwaba yonyaka ekhulisa inzalo yawo, futhi achitha izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela ngonyaka ezizingela.

Ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwama-penguins, futhi ukuwaqaphela kaningi kusuka ebangeni eliseduze, kunzima impela, ngoba lezi zinyoni zinamahloni kakhulu. Lapho umuntu esondela, bangaphonsa kalula isidleke nge-clutch noma namachwane futhi bakhiphe izinyembezi.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Isikhathi sokuzala kubo siqala ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni, esikhathini sezulu esingaphumeleli kunazo zonke onyakeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, amazinga okushisa angaba ngu--50ºº, futhi isivinini somoya singama-200km / h. Akunangqondo ngokweqile, kodwa kuyamukeleka kuma-penguin. Ngalesi sizathu, inzalo yabo ikhula kancane, futhi ibhekelwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezingozi zesimo sezulu.

Ingabe i-Emperor Penguins Yakha Izilokazane? Vele, njengoba ngaphandle kwalokhu. Kepha kusuka kuphi? Yize kunjalo, njengoba nje kungaziwa izimila, iqhwa elisenyakatho labakhileyo kulo alilijabulisi. Okokuqala, ipenguin izama ukuthola indawo ethize, kude namanzi nomoya.

Lokhu kungaba umugqa edwaleni noma nje ukucindezelwa phansi komhlaba ngaphansi kwesembozo sedwala. Le nyoni ihlomisa isidleke ngamatshe, okuyindlela, nawo awekho maningi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngosayizi ofanelekile ongathutha.

Ngakho-ke kaningi ama-Emperor penguins akha izidleke ematsheni asemzini aduna abesilisa ngobuqili ahudule ngasese esidlekeni esingumakhelwane. By the way, lokhu kwenza umbono ongemuhle kubantu besifazane - ukuthi, "Yonke into emndenini".

Akuvamile ukuba zibeke izizinda zazo ukuze zikhule inzalo ngqo ezweni, kaningi kuba yiqhwa elisogwini. Ngakho-ke kubonakala kuphephile ukukhulisa izingane ezintanteni zeqhwa ezintantayo.

Lapha balungile impela - akuwona wonke umhlaseli onesibindi sokubhukuda kubo ukubhukuda emanzini eqhwa. Ngaphandle kokuthi amabhere enamakhaza, ahamba ngokulinganayo emhlabeni nasemanzini, awadli penguin ngenxa yokunambitheka kabi kwenyama nangenxa yendawo ehlukile. Kepha lokhu akuyona nezehlakalo njalo. Uma, noma kunjalo, behlala ogwini, khona-ke le indawo evikeleke kakhulu futhi hhayi ukushaywa, njengomthetho, eduze namadwala.

Bafika ezweni elikhulu ukuqala ngoMashi, lapho imidlalo esebenzayo yokuzalela iqala khona lapho, ihambisana nokulwa kaningi nokukhala okungapheli. Ikoloni yakhiwa kancane kancane, ingasukela kubantu abangama-300 iye ezinkulungwaneni eziningana. Kepha nansi into ende elindelwe, kutholakala amabhangqwana, ama-penguin asatshalaliswa ngamaqembu amancane.

Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, izintokazi seziqale ukwenza ukubekwa kokuqala. Lapho, njengomthetho, kuqanda iqanda elilodwa, kumaka lokhu ngokukhala okunqobayo. Esikhathini esiningi iqanda lifudumeza ngaphansi kwesibaya esithile sesikhumba esiswini sowesifazane.

Isisindo saso singaba cishe ngama-500 g. Ukubambeka ikakhulu kulele kowesilisa, kuthi ngemuva nje kokubeka iqanda, kuthathe indawo yowesifazane. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kwenzeke, uhlala elambile isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.

I-hatch yeqanda okungenani izinyanga ezimbili, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu. Imvamisa ukubukeka kwenzalo kuyahambelana nokubuya kwezinsikazi ngemuva kokuzingela okude, okulungele kahle.

Ngezwi lowesilisa, ngokushesha banquma ukuthi isidleke sabo sikuphi. Kuyithuba labo futhi lokugcina iso esidlekeni namachwane. Abesilisa nabo baya olwandle bayodla.

Ipulazi elisanda kunyangwa linesisindo esingama-gramu angamakhulu amathathu, hhayi ngaphezulu. Uma umama wakhe ebengenaso isikhathi sokubonakala kwakhe, khona-ke owesilisa uyamondla - ngejusi lesisu, noma kunalokho, akakhiqizwa ngokuphelele yisisu, kodwa ngesiga esikhethekile.

Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuqukethe yonke micronutrients. Ngenkathi lelikati lisakhula, abazali bakhe bamvikela ngentshiseko kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinsongo zangaphandle, ikakhulukazi, lezi yizinyoni zasolwandle ezidla inyama.

Amondla njengokuhlaba - endaweni eyodwa inkukhu ingadla amakhilogremu ayisithupha ezinhlanzi. Ikhula kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo, futhi kuphela lapho abantu abasha sebefundile ukubhukuda, zonke izinyoni zibuyele eqhweni.

Ngaphambi nje kokushiya izinyoni molt. Bakuthwalela kanzima - akudli, kucishe kungabikho ukunyakaza futhi banciphisa isisindo somzimba. Ama-penguin awunazitha eziningi zemvelo - angabulala ingwe yolwandle noma i-killer whale.

Okokunye, kungenzeka ukuba kungenzeki. Amakati, njengoba sekushiwo, asatshiswa yizilwane ezifuywayo noma ama-skuas, avame ukuba yimpango yawo. Abadala abasekho engozini.

Naphezu kwezimo ezinzima zaseNyakatho, ngokubheka ukuphepha okuqhathanisayo kwabazingeli, abaningi babo baphila kuze kube sezingeni lokuguga - iminyaka engama-25. Ekudingisweni, bazizwa bekhululekile impela, futhi banikeze nezingane.

Izici Zokubonakala

Ubukhulu bezinyoni bukhulu bufika ku-130 cm, isisindo - kufika ku-50 kg.Qaphela ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-penguin lunesisindo esikhulu semisipha, esibangelwa yingxenye eyakhiwe ngokwanele yalezi zingwe zamanzi.

Umbala wesembozo se-feather we-Emperor penguin umnyama nomhlophe, lo mbala usiza izinyoni ukucasha ngempumelelo ezitheni zazo emanzini. Amapayipi ngaphansi kwentamo futhi eduze nesihlathi anombala ohlukile wesitini. Isambatho sokuqala sokudonswa kwamachwane epenguin enkulu i-fluff-white grey. Isisindo sedatha elisanda kuzalwa lingaphezu kwama-320 amagremu. Qaphela ukuthi isembozo sezimpaphe zabantu abadala sinikeza izinyoni isivikelo esisebenzayo, ngenkathi sigcina ukushisa komzimba.

Omunye umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalolu hlobo lwe-penguin nezihlobo zalo ukuqina kwamathambo wezinyoni (ngaphandle kwezimpawu zezimpawu). Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zinyoni kuyaqabukela seqa iminyaka engama-25 endaweni yazo yemvelo.

Habitat

Inani elilinganiselwe labamele lezinhlobo lingabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-450, ezihlukaniswe phakathi kwabo ngamakholoni amancane. Iqoqo labameleli abayizinkulungwane ezingama-300 zezinhlobo zezinyoni iningi lezimpilo zabo lihlala emafulethini eqhwa, noma kunjalo, phakathi nesikhathi sokuzalela nokutshelwa okulandelayo kwinzalo yabo, bathuthela ezweni elingumhlaba.

Ikoloni elikhulu kunawo wonke lamaphengwini amakhulu ahlala izidleke eCape Washington (ngababili okungenani abangama-20-25 izinkulungwane).

Izici zokuziphatha

Lolu hlobo lwe-waterfowl lugcinwa ikakhulukazi emakholoni amancane, ngenkathi lithola izindawo zokuhlala nezindawo zokukhosela zemvelo ngesimo samaqhwa amakhulu eqhwa kanye nama-ice hummocks. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezizungeze indawo ekhethiwe yempilo, zihlala zinezindawo ezinamanzi avulekile, okuyiqiniso, okuwukudla kwezinyoni. Imvamisa, o-penguins basebenzisa isisu sabo ukuhambisa ngaphezulu, okungukuthi, balala esiswini sabo futhi baqale ukushelela ophahleni lweqhwa, bazisize ngentshiseko ngamaphiko nangezindlebe.

Emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, abantu abadala bahlangana ngamaqembu, behlikihla bodwa bodwa ukuze kuhlale kufudumele. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunyakaza kubhekwa njalo emaqenjini anjalo - ukunyakaza kwezinyoni, izindawo eziguqukayo.

Abantu bahlukaniswa ukubukeka okuhle kakhulu, okuyilapho batholile amagama abo, kepha-ke, le inyoni ekhaliphile engavumeli abantu ukuthi basondele kuyo, yingakho nemizamo yabo yokukhalela abamele lolu hlobo bengazange bathweswe umqhele ngempumelelo.

Izici zamandla

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinyoni zalolu hlobo kuyizinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, ngoba ama-penguin, ama-penguin ajwayele ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amancane. Ukuze abambe izinhlanzi, amaqembu openguins azibhukuda ezikoleni zokubhukuda, egwinya abahlali basolwandle abanqikazayo. Uma ipenguin enkulu iba yisisulu senhlanzi enkulu ngokwanele, iyinqamula emzimbeni.

Ekufuneni ukudla, ama-Emperor penguin angabhukuda amabanga amakhulu (afika ku-500 km). Ijubane lokuhamba kwalezi zinsimbi zamanzi ngesikhathi sokuzingela licishe libe ngu-5-6 km / h. Isikhathi sokuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi cishe imizuzu eyi-15.

Emperor Penguin Ukuzala

Ama-penguin amakhulu ayizinyoni ezikhulu, zakhiwe uma nje lo mbhangqwana uhlala ndawonye kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimpilo zawo. Ukuze kudonsele insikazi, izinyoni zobulili obuhlukile zisebenzisa izwi lazo elikhulu. Isikhathi semidlalo yokuqomisana cishe inyanga eyodwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu bobabili ubulili benza ukuhamba okukude kokuhlangana, kanti abesilisa bavame ukukhombisa umdanso wabo wokuqala phambi kwezinsikazi, omunye weminyakazo yawo oyisigaxa esiphansi.

Kuneqanda elilodwa kuphela ku-clutch, ebekwa ngowesifazane cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuqala kwenkathi yokuzalanisa (Meyi-Juni). Ubungako beqanda bukhulu impela (ububanzi - kufika ku-10 mm, ubude - okungenani ama-120 mm, isisindo - ukuya ku-500 g).

Isikhathi esithile, insikazi ibamba iqanda esibayeni sesikhwama, ibambe okokugcina ngamaphiko ayo (izinyanga eziyi-1.5), emva kwalokho ilidlulisele kowesilisa ukuze lixhaswe kamuva, bese liqhubeka nokuzingela okude. Emavikini la-9 lalandzelako, i-Emperor penguin leyamadvodza akahambi futhi adla kuphela liqhwa, yingakho alahlekelwa sisindvo lesinyenti. Esimweni lapho ipenguin yowesifazane ingenaso isikhathi sokubuya ekuzingeleni ngesikhathi ukuze ibambe inkukhu, ubaba womndeni uvula izindlala ezikhethekile ezibhekele ukucubungula kwamafutha angenasici ekwakhiweni kokhilimu, owedlisa owondla amathole aze abuye umzali.

Amachwane okubamba ambozwe nge-fluff; amandla okubhukuda azovela ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuvela kwengubo yokuqala yempaphe. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ama-penguins amancane angashiya abazali babo ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5, imvamisa umphumela wokunganaki okunjalo ukufa kwabo.

Okuqaphelekile ikakhulukazi ukuthi labo besifazane abalahlekelwe yinzalo yabo bangathumba amachwane bawakhulise njengeyabo.

Izitha zemvelo

Imvamisa, abantu abasha abasebasha be-empengu pessin baba inyamazane yomhlaseli onemibala enjenge-skuas.

Ingozi enkulu kubantu bezinhlobo ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenye futhi into ethonya ukwehla kwenani lama-phonefowl - lokhu kuncipha okusheshayo ekunikezelweni kokudla. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisa ukuthi inani lamapenguins eminyakeni yamuva nje lingancipha kakhulu (kuze kufike ku-5%). Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla kwezinsizakusebenza zemvelo, yingakho kuya ngokuya kuba nzima ngalezinhlobo zezinyoni ukuthola ukudla okudingekayo kokudla okunempilo. Ukuphazamiseka komuntu kwemvelo yabo yemvelo (ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwezokuvakasha) nakho kuthinta kabi impilo yezinyoni.

Umlando wokutadisha

I-Emperor penguin yatholakala ngokuxoshwa kukaF .F. Bellingshausen kanye noM.P. Lazarev ngonyaka we-1819-1821.

Umthelela obalulekile ekufundweni kwe-Emperor penguin wenziwa ukuphuma kukaRobert Scott Antarctic ka 1910-1913. lapho iqembu labantu abathathu (kufaka phakathi u-Adrian Wilson) lisuka ezansi eCape Evans eMcMurdo Strait liya eCape Crozier, lapho bathola khona amaqanda wepenguin amaningana, okwakudingeka ukuthi kufundwe isikhathi sokuzala salezi zinyoni.

Ukusatshalaliswa

I-Emperor penguin evela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-penguin iza eningizimu ekude. Cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-300 penguin e-Emperor bahlala emkhenkcheni weqhwa ozungeza i-Antarctica, kepha bathuthela ezweni elingumhlaba bayowabamba amaqanda.

Kuze kube ngu-2009, bekukholelwa ukuthi kunamakholoni awo angama-34 emhlabeni. Njengomphumela wokufunda izithombe zesathelayithi ze-Antarctic (LandSat Image mosa of Antarctica), ososayensi bathola iminonjana engama-38 yedoti eqhweni, elihambelana nezindawo ezingama-38 zobusika, okungukuthi, inani elifanayo lamakholoni.

Umsoco

Njengenyoni yasolwandle, i-Emperor penguin izingela kuphela olwandle. Idla inhlanzi, i-squid ne-krill. Ama-Emperor penguins azingela ngamaqembu. La maqembu abhukuda ayongena esikoleni sezinhlanzi futhi asheshe ahlasele inyamazane ekuwo, egoqa konke okubonakala phambi kwawo. Zidla inyamazane encane ngqo emanzini, futhi ngesisulu esikhulu kufanele zibhukuda ziye phezulu ukuze ziwugawule. Lapho zizingela, ama-Emperor penguins ahamba amabanga amade, ahamba ngesivinini esingu-3-6 km / h futhi ehlela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-535. Uma kunesidingo, bangachitha ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingaba imizuzu eyi-15. Ukukhanya okuningana, ukujula okugxilisayo kuye, kusukela umhlahlandlela wabo oyinhloko lapho ukuzingela kubonakala, futhi kungalaleli noma kuzwakala umsindo.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: Emperor Penguin

I-Emperor penguin imele isigaba senyoni, i-oda le-penguin, umndeni wepenguin. Bahlukaniswa kuhlobo oluhlukile nezinhlobo ze-Emperor penguin.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, lezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo zatholakala ngonyaka we-1820 ngesikhathi sokuhamba kocwaningo lwaseBellingshausen. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala lapho kukhulunywa nge-Emperor penguin emibhalweni yabaphenyi uVasco da Gama ngonyaka we-1498, ehla ogwini lwase-Afrika kanye noMagellan, owahlangana nezinyoni ngonyaka we-1521 ogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika. Kodwa-ke, izazi zasendulo zafanekisa nama-goose. I-penguin yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi inyoni kuphela ngekhulu le-16.

Ukuqhubeka nokufunda ngokuziphendukela kwalaba bameleli besigaba sezinyoni kukhombisa ukuthi okhokho babo babekhona eNew Zealand, ezinye izifunda zaseNingizimu Melika, kanye neNhlonhlo ye-Antarctic. Futhi, abacwaningi bezilwane bathola izinsalela zamadlozi asendulo ama-Emperor penguin kwezinye izindawo zase-Australia nase-Afrika.

Ividiyo: Emperor Penguin

Ama-penguin amadala kakhulu asekhona emuva kwesikhathi se-Eocene futhi akhombisa ukuthi angabakhona emhlabeni eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-45 edlule. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsalela ezitholakele, okhokho basendulo bamapengu babemkhulu kakhulu kunabantu banamuhla. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukhokho omkhulu wama-penguin anamuhla kwakuyi-Nordensköld penguin. Ukukhula kwakhe kuhambelana nokukhula komuntu wanamuhla, futhi isisindo somzimba wakhe safinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-120.

Ososayensi babuye bathola ukuthi okhokho basendulo bamapengu kwakungewona amanzi amanzi. Babenamaphiko akhulayo futhi bekwazi ukundiza. Ama-penguin anesibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke zezici ezifanayo ngamakhala ebhubhu. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, zombili izinhlobo zezinyoni zinamadlozi afanayo. Izifundo zezinyoni zenziwa ososayensi abaningi, kubandakanya noRobert Scott ngo-1913. Njengengxenye yalolu hambo, wasuka eCape Evans waya eCape Crozier, lapho wakwazi ukuthola amaqanda ambalwa alezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo. Lokhu kwavumela ukutadisha okuningiliziwe kokukhula kombungu kwama-penguins.

Ihlala kuphi i-Emperor penguin?

Isithombe: Emperor Penguin bird

Indawo yokuhlala enkulu yamaphengwini yi-Antarctica. Kulesi sifunda, bakha amakoloni osayizi abahlukahlukene - ukusuka emashumini ambalwa kuya kumakhulu amaningana abantu. Amaqembu amakhulu ama-Emperor penguins anezinkulungwane eziningana zabantu. Ukuze kuzinze emaphethelweni eqhwa e-Antarctica, izinyoni ziya emaphethelweni ezwe. Ngokuzalela nokuqandusela amaqanda, izinyoni zihlala zibuyela ezindaweni eziphakathi ne-Antarctica.

Ucwaningo lwezazi zezilwane selusungule ukuthi namuhla kunezindawo zezinyoni ezingaba ngu-37. Njengezindawo zokuhlala, bavame ukukhetha izindawo ezingasebenza njengezindawo zokukhosela futhi bavikele laba bantu abamelela izimbali nezilwane ezitheni zemvelo nomoya onamandla onamandla. Ngakho-ke, zivame ukutholakala ngemuva kwamabhulokhi eqhwa, amawa, ukugoba kweqhwa. Imfuneko yokuthola indawo yezinyoni eziningi ukufinyelela kuzo mahhala.

Izinyoni ezimangalisayo ezingakwazi ukundiza zixhunyiwe kakhulu phakathi kwezintambo ezingama-66 nezingama-77 zentshonalanga yaseningizimu. Ikoloni elikhulu kunawo wonke lihlala endaweni yaseCape Washington. Inani labo lidlula abantu abangama-20,000.

Iziqhingi nezifunda ezakhiwe ama-Emperor penguins:

• Taylor Glacier
• Izimpahla zeNdlovukazi Yemfashini,
• I-Heard Island
• Isiqhingi saseColeman
• I-Victoria Island,
• I-Sandwich Islands South
• I-Tierra del Fuego.

Ngabe idla i- Emperor penguin?

Isithombe: Emperor Penguin Red Book

Banikezwe isimo sezulu esinzima nesithwathwa saphakade, bonke abakhileyo e-Antarctica bazitholela ukudla kwabo olwandle olujulile. Amaphinifa awachitha olwandle cishe izinyanga ezimbili ngonyaka.

Kuyathakazelisa! Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni alulingani phakathi kwehlukahlukene. Bayakwazi ukuntywila ekujuleni kwamamitha angamakhulu amahlanu futhi babambe umoya wabo ngaphansi kwamanzi cishe imizuzu engamashumi amabili.

Ukujula kokujula ngokuqondile kuya ngesibalo sokukhanyiswa kokujula kwamanzi yimisebe yelanga. Amanzi amaningi akhanyisiwe, okujula kwalezi zinyoni kungashona. Lapho usemanzini, ancike kuphela kumbono wawo. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, izinyoni zakha isivinini esifinyelela ku-6-7 km / h. Umthombo wokudla izinhlanzi zezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, kanye nezinye izakhamizi zasolwandle: igobolondo, squid, oysters, plankton, crustaceans, krill, njll.

Ama-penguin akhetha ukuzingela ngamaqembu. Ama-penguins amaningana ahlasela ngokoqobo isikole senhlanzi, noma enye impilo yasolwandle, futhi abambe noma ngubani ongenaso isikhathi sokuphunyuka. Ama-penguin amunca inyamazane encane emanzini. Kudonswa inyamazane enkulu emhlabathini, bayiklebhule, bayidle.

Ekufuneni ukudla, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukumboza amabanga amakhulu, aze afike kumakhilomitha ayikhulu namakhulu ayisithupha. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesabi isithwathwa esinamandla kusuka ku -45 kuya ku--70 degrees kanye ne-gale yokubhoboza. Ama-penguin asebenzisa inani elikhulu lamandla namandla ekubambeni izinhlanzi kanye nezinye izinyamazane. Kwesinye isikhathi kufanele achame aze afike ezikhathini ezingama-300-500 ngosuku. Izinyoni zinesakhiwo esithile sendawo yomlomo. Zinezikhala eziqondiswa ngemuva, ngokulandelana kwazo, ngosizo lwazo kulula ukubamba inyamazane.

Badlani

Ukudla kwe-Emperor penguin, njengasolwandle abaningi basolwandle, kuqukethe izinhlanzi, ama-squid nama-planktonic crustaceans (krill).

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Ama-penguin ahamba ngokuzingela ngamaqembu, futhi ngendlela ehlelekile ukubhukuda esikoleni senhlanzi. Konke okubonwa yi-empengu penguins ngenkathi kuzingela phambi kwabo kungena emqhonyeni wabo. Inyamazane encane igwinywa ngokushesha emanzini, kodwa ngokubamba okukudlwana bafika ogwini futhi lapho sebevele bayinqume bayidla. Amapengu abhukuda kahle kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi sokuzingela isivinini sawo sifinyelela amakhilomitha angama-60 ngehora, futhi ukujula kokujula kungaba yingxenye yekhilomitha. Kepha ama-penguins ajulile acwila kuphela ngokukhanya okuhle, ngoba ancike kuphela ekubukeni kwamehlo.

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Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Emperor Penguins e-Antarctica

Ama-penguin akuzona izilwane ezihlala zodwa, ahlala ezimweni zeqembu futhi adala amabhangqa aqinile ahlala kuyo yonke impilo yezinyoni.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-penguin ukuphela kwazo zonke izinyoni ezikhona ezingazi ukuthi zenza kanjani izidleke.

Bazalela amaqanda abo futhi bazalanise, bacashe ngemuva kwezindawo zokugcina zemvelo - amadwala, amadwala, iqhwa, njll. Cishe izinyanga ezimbili zonyaka zichithwa olwandle ngifuna ukudla, isikhathi esisele sichithwa ekuqandeni amaqanda nasekuqandukeni. Izinyoni zinomqondo wemvelo okhuliswe kakhulu wabazali. Bacatshangelwa njengabazali abahle kakhulu, abahlonipha kakhulu futhi abakhathalelayo.

Izinyoni ziyakwazi ukuhamba emhlabeni emilenzeni yazo yangemuva, noma zilele esiswini sazo, zinwebe ingaphambili lazo nangemilenze yangemuva. Bahamba behamba kancane, behamba kancane futhi bexakekile, njengoba imilenze emincane engezansi ayigobi ndawo ngokuhlangana kwamadolo. Bazizwa beqiniseka ngokwengeziwe futhi begulela emanzini. Bayakwazi ukuntywila ngokujulile, bafinyelele isivinini esifinyelela ku-6-10 km / h. Ama-penguins ama-Emperor avela emanzini, enza kuzuba okumangazayo aze afike kumamitha amaningana ubude.

Lezi zinyoni zithathwa njengeziqaphe kakhulu futhi zesabekayo. Lapho sebebonile ukuthi kunobungozi obuncane, bagijimela kuzo zonke izindlela, ngenkathi beshiya amaqanda abo nenzalo yabo. Kodwa-ke, amakoloni amaningi anomusa kakhulu futhi anobungane kubantu. Imvamisa bangagcini nje ngokwesaba abantu, kodwa futhi babahlole intshisakalo, baze babavumele ukuthi bazithinte. Ezikoloni zezinyoni, kubusa ngokuphelele matriarchy. Abesifazane bangabaholi, bona uqobo bakhetha abesilisa futhi bafuna ukunakwa kwabo. Ngemuva kokubhanqa, amaduna aqandusela amaqanda, bese izinsikazi ziye zizingele.

Ama-Emperor penguin amelana kakhulu namaqhwa anamandla nomoya onamandla. Aye athuthukise impela amanoni angaphansi, kanye nethamba eliminyene kakhulu futhi eliminyene. Ukushisa izinyoni zakha umbuthano omkhulu. Ngaphakathi kulo mbuthano, izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-+30 ngokushisa okukhona kwama-degrees angama-25-30. Maphakathi kombuthano uvame amawundlu. Izindawo zabantu abadala ziyaguquka, zisuka enkabeni eduze nomphetho, okuphambene nalokho.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Emperor Penguin Chick

Ama-penguin ajwayele ukwakha amabhangqa aqinile, aqinile. Lo mbhangqwana wakhiwa ekuqaleni kwesifazane. Naye ngokwakhe ukhetha umlingani, angashiyi thuba labanye, angaphumeleli amadoda. Ngemuva kwalokho insikazi iqala ukubukeka kahle kowesilisa. Okokuqala, wehlisela ikhanda lakhe, welula amaphiko akhe futhi uqala ukucula izingoma. Ngobunye, owesilisa uyacula kanye naye.Ngenqubo yezicucu zemishado, bayahloniphana ngezwi, kepha bangazami ukucula kakhulu kunabanye ukuze bangaphazamisi ukucula kwabanye abantu. Ukuthandana okunjalo kuhlala cishe inyanga. Izimbhangqwana zihamba zilandelana, noma zidansa imidanso eyinqwaba ngezindebe eziphonswe phezulu. Ukungena emshadweni kwandulelwa wuchungechunge lwezihloko ezilinganayo.

Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, insikazi ithwala iqanda elilodwa. Isisindo sayo singama-430-460 amagremu. Ngaphambi kokubeka iqanda alidli lutho inyanga. Ngakho-ke, uma umsebenzi usuqediwe, masinyane uya olwandle ukuze uthole ukudla. Lapho, cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Sonke lesi sikhathi ubaba wesikhathi esizayo unakekela iqanda. Ubeka iqanda emgoqweni wesikhumba phakathi kwemikhawulo engezansi, esebenza njengesikhwama. Awukho umoya nesithwathwa okuzobangela ukuba owesilisa ashiye iqanda. Abantu besilisa abangenawo umndeni baba usongo kubaba besikhathi esizayo. Bangakwazi ukukha iqanda ngendlela efanele ukufutheka, noma biliphule. Ngenxa yokuthi obaba bakhathazeka kakhulu futhi banomthwalo wemfanelo wenzalo yabo, bangaphezu kwama-90% amaqanda

Abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi bancipha kakhulu isisindo. Okwamanje, isisindo sabo asidluli ama-25 kilos. Owesifazane ubuya lapho owesilisa eba nomuzwa ongabekezeleleki wendlala futhi ambize. Ubuya nezitokisi zokudla kwasolwandle enganeni. Ithuba elilandelayo likababa lokuphumula. Ukuphumula kwakhe kuthatha cishe amasonto angama-3-4.

Izinyanga ezimbili zokuqala izidleke zimbozwe yi-fluff futhi azikwazi ukusinda esimweni sezulu esibuhlungu sase-Antarctica. Itholakala ephaketheni elifudumele nelikhululekile labazali bayo. Kuhlala kugcinwa amazinga okushisa okungenani ama-35 degrees. Uma, ngengozi ebulalayo, iwundlu liphuma ephaketheni lakhe, uzobulawa masinyane. Ngokuqala kwehlobo kuphela lapho beqala ukuzimela ngokuzimela futhi bafunda ukubhukuda, bathole ukudla kwabo.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Emperor Emperor Penguin

Usongo olukhulu enanini lama-Emperor penguins ukushintshwa kwesimo sezulu, ukufudumala. Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuholela ekuncibilikeni kwamaqhwa, okungukuthi, ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala yezinyoni. Izinqubo ezinjalo ziholela ekwehleni kwezinga lokuzala kwezinyoni. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi, igobolondo, kanye nama-crustaceans ziyafa, okuwukuthi, isisekelo se-penguins siyancishiswa.

Indima enkulu ekuqothulweni kwama-Emperor penguins idlalwa ngumuntu nemisebenzi yakhe. Abantu abaqotheli ama-penguin kuphela, kodwa futhi ngobuningi obukhulu babamba izinhlanzi kanye nezinye izakhamizi zolwandle olujulile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani lezinhlobo zezakhamizi zasolwandle lihlala lincipha njalo.

Muva nje, ukuvakasha ngokweqile sekuyinsakavukela. Abalandeli bokuzwa okusha baya emaphuzwini angafinyeleleki kakhulu futhi angahlangene womhlaba. I-Antarctica ihlukile. Kulokhu, izindawo ze-Emperor penguin ziyavalwa.

Gada i-Emperor Penguins

Isithombe: Emperor Penguin ovela encwadini ebomvu

Kuze kube manje, ama-Emperor penguins abhalwe ku-Red Book. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, basongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Kuze kube manje, sekuthathwe izinyathelo zokulondoloza nokwandisa inani lezinyoni. Banqatshelwe ukubulala. Futhi, ukuze ugcine izinhlobo, kwenqatshelwe ukubamba izinhlanzi kanye ne-krill ngezinhloso zezimboni ezindaweni zokuhlala zezinyoni. I-International Commission for the Conservation of Marine Life ukuze ilondoloze ama-Emperor penguin ihlongoze ukumemezela ugu olusempumalanga ye-Antarctica indawo evikelekile.

Emperor penguin - Le nyoni emangalisayo, ukukhula kwayo kungaphezu kwemitha eyodwa. Usinda ezimweni zezulu ezinzima futhi ezinzima kakhulu. Ungqimba obukhulu bezicubu ezingama-subcutaneous fatty, izici zesakhiwo sohlelo lwe-thermoregulation, kanye ne-plumage eminyene kakhulu iyamsiza kulokhu. Ama-penguin ama-Emperor abhekwa njengacophile kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye izinyoni ezinokuthula.