Ama-Pythons ayizilwane eziphindaphindayo ezinkulu ezihlala kwenye yezindawo zokuqala emhlabeni ngenxa yamapharamitha abo. Izihlobo zalezi zinyoka ama-boas.

I-python ende kunazo zonke ingamamitha ayi-10, futhi isisindo sayo singama-kilogremu ayi-100. Emhlabeni namhlanje kunezinhlobo ezingama-41 nohlobo lwe-9 lwalezi zilwane.

Naphezu komzimba wabo omkhulu, banobuhlakani obukhulu nobumbono. Lokhu kubenza babe ngabazingeli abahlukile ababhubhisa isisulu sabo ngokwanga okwenele.

Bathola izisulu zabo ngosizo lwama-grooves amancane asemilonyeni yabo. Babizwa ngokuthi i-radar. Zibonisa izinzwa ezincane ezithola inyamazane enegazi efudumele.

I-Python - ababambisi

I-Python ayiluma isisulu sayo, isebenza njengefindo lokuziqinisa, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-constrictor. Ugoqa isisulu sakhe emasongo bese emcindezela aze ame ukuphefumula. Lapho inyamazane isifile, i-python izoyigwinya masinyane.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwePython

Lezi ezihuquzelayo zihlukaniswa ngokwezimpawu ezilandelayo:

1. Isizinda: ama-eukaryotes.
2. UMbuso: izilwane.
3. I-Subtype: Ama-vertebrates.
4. Uhlobo: chordates.
5. Isigaba: Izilwane ezihuquzelayo.
6. Oda: isikali.
7. Umndeni: ama-pythons.

Isisindo esivamile salezi zinyoka singaba amakhilogremu angama-32, futhi ubude bomzimba buyehluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-1 kuye kwayi-7.5. Kukhona imishado emincane. Isisindo sazo singaphezu kwama-200 amagremu, futhi ubude bomzimba wazo ngamasentimitha angama-50.

Isikhathi sokuphila yiminyaka engama-25 (mhlawumbe ngaphezulu).

Lezi ezihuquzelayo ezinhle, ngobuhle bazo, zingavusa iwashi. Kepha ngemuva kwakho konke lobu buhle kukhona umhlaseli oyingozi kakhulu ongeke avume ukuphanga inyamazane yakhe uma esevele ekutholile.

Ekuthunjweni, nabo bahlala kahle. Kwesinye isikhathi ziye zihlangane kahle nomuntu.

Ukugaya umgodi

Ama-Pythons, njengezinye izinyoka, anesakhiwo esikhethekile semihlathi. Kubonakala sengathi zenzelwe ukugwinya inyamazane. Kuphela umhlathi ongaphezulu oboshwe, bese umhlathi ongaphansi unamathele kuwo kumaseli ashubile futhi ungawelula amashumi ambalwa amasentimitha. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-python ingaginya ngisho nomuntu omdala. Uma izingcezwana ezithile zesisulu, ngokwesibonelo, izimpaphe noboya, zingagaywa, i-python iyaziqhekeza.

Indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinyoka ezingezona ezinobuthi

Lezi ezihuquzelayo zihlala endaweni esempumalanga yomhlaba, kubandakanya i-Australia, i-Asia kanye ne-Afrika. Abatholakali eMelika. Lezi zinyoka ezinkulu ezwenikazi lase-Afrika zihlala ikakhulu eningizimu yehlane laseSahara.

Abamele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalolu hlobo bahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungabona izinyoka ezihluke ngokuphelele komunye nomunye.

Okokuqala, umbala kanye nephethini yesikhumba salesi zilwanyana zasendle ezihlukile. Eziningi zalezi ezihubhayo zihlala lapho kunezihlahla nezihlahla. Ezindaweni eziwugwadule, ama-pythons ajwayelekile kakhulu. Eduze kwezindawo zokugcina lezi ezihubhayo kungabonakala kaningi.

Isimilo

I-Python inyoka enkulu engenabo ubuthi. Lesi sidlakudla esiyingozi kakhulu. Umzimba wakhe ungafinyelela kubukhulu bamamitha ayi-7.5. Ummeleli omkhulu kunayo yonke i-python ephindaphindekile.

Lokhu okuhuqayo akusebenzi. Bancamela izimo zezulu ezifudumele nezimo zokushisa ezingekho ngaphansi kwama-25 degrees. Lezi zinyoka ziyakwazi ukugibela isihlahla nokubhukuda. Ngalesi sizathu, uhlu lokukhiqizwa kwabo lude kakhulu.

I-Python iyisihlobo se-boa constrictor. Kepha wehlukile kulo kuzo zombili izici zangaphandle nezangaphakathi. Ama-zoologists ane-9 genera yalezi ezihuquzelayo, futhi ngayinye yazo inezinhlobo eziningana. Sekukonke, ososayensi bahlolisise izinhlobo ezingama-41 zalenyoka eyingozi, enkulu nenhle.

Ngokuzalwa, ukwahlukaniswa kubukeka kanjena:

1. Uhlobo lweLeiopython lunezinhlobo ezi-6.
2. Uhlobo lwe-Apodora luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-1 kuphela.
3. Uhlobo Broghammerus lunezinhlobo ezi-2.
4. Ama-Blackheads anezinhlobo ezi-2.
5. Imifudlana yase-Australia ifaka izinhlobo ezi-4.
6. I-ringed ifaka okungu-1 kuphela.
7. Ama-Rhombic ase-Australia anezinhlobo eziyi-12.
8. Ama-watermark afaka izinhlobo ezi-3.
9. I-pythons yangempela yafunda izinhlobo eziyi-10.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi izimbhangqwana ezimbalwa sezivele zingasekho. Uhlobo olufiphele lwase-Australia lukufanelekela ngokuphelele ukudingiswa noma i-terrarium. Futhi konke ngenxa yobukhulu bawo: isisindo singama-gramu angama-200, futhi ubude bomzimba bu amasentimitha angama-50.

Amapharamitha angaphandle kanye nokwehluka kwawo kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka

Ungakhuluma ngokubonakala kwalezi zilwane isikhathi eside. Izinhlobonhlobo zamaphethini nemibala yalezi zilwane zimangaza nje ukucabanga komuntu. Kukhona izinyoka ngokuphelele ezinamaphethini ahlukene esikhunjeni.

Okuthile okungaziwa noma okufakwayo kusimo se-python eluhlaza. Ngamanye amagama, igama lakhe usenguWoody. Ihlukaniswa umbala okhanyayo ngokungathandeki. Ekugcineni, umzimba wakhe cishe ufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 kuye kwayi-2. I-Green python ingummeleli ogqamile wohlobo, kepha ayinayo iphethini eyinkimbinkimbi esikhunjeni.

I-giza brindle python ingafinyelela ubude obufika kumamitha ayi-5. Ungahlangana nabantu abakhulu. Kepha esikhathini esiningi azikhuli ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-3.7. Lesi siqhwaga singatholakala e-Indonesia nase Southeast Asia. Isikhumba salenyoka siyinto ebiza kakhulu.

Izici Key

Kuyamangaza njengoba kungazwakala, i-python inemilenze. Vele, akufani nasebantwini noma ezilwaneni, kodwa izitho zomzimba ezingemuva. Konke okusele kwemilenze egcwele namuhla kubukeka njengezandla ezincane. Kwisayensi, babizwa ngama-anal spurs. Futhi lokhu kungenxa yendawo yabo.

Ngaphezu kwama-paws, izinhlobo zohlobo lwalenyoka zinokuqina kwesixhumo se-pelvic. Lezi zilwane zinamaphaphu amabili, njengawo wonke umuntu nezilwane ezincelisayo. Ezinye izinyoka (imamba emnyama noma i-viper) zinephaphu elilodwa kuphela - lelo elifanele, elidluliselwe emzimbeni.

Futhi i-python inamazinyo akwethambo elincane le-submandibular. Lezi ezihuquzelayo nazo zinamathambo e-infraorbital.

Umsoco

IPython ngumzingeli ozelwe ohlasela inyamazane ekhaliphile ngokuqiniseka okugcwele ukuthi uzokwazi ukubhekana nayo. Lapho zizingela, i-python ayiluma umuntu ohlukunyezwe, kepha iyisongela empini ekhulayo. Umzimba wonke wenyoka ngalezo zikhathi ufana nefindo lokuziqinisa noma i-constrictor.

I-python, ebude bomzimba wayo ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-5, ikwazi ukugwinya kalula ikati elincanyana elizidlayo noma impungushe yonke. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokwakheka kwemihlathi.

I-Python idla izikhathi ezi-5 kuphela ngonyaka. Ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kungagaywa amasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga.

Izinyoka zalolu hlobo zithanda izibungu ezinkulu noma izinyoni. Izinhlobo ezincane noma izilwane ezincane zidliwa yizilwane ezihuquzelayo noma ngamagundane.

Ukuthathwa kokuqala kwesisulu ekuzingeleni kwe-python kusiza ukuzivocavoca amazinyo. Futhi emva kwalokho, i-python iqeda isisulu sayo ngezindandatho zomzimba wayo.

Ekuthunjweni, iningi labantu ligcina i-python ye-tiger. Isizathu sokuthi bamkhethele yimvelo yakhe ezolile nokuzivumelanisa nokuphila ekhaya lomuntu. Kaningi, isisindo se-python singadlula isisindo somsingathi.

I-python yengane iyakwazi ukugwinya inkukhu noma igundane losuku olulodwa. Abantu abadala abaningi banikezwa i-rat, bese kuba unogwaja.

Ingulube yenyosi ebude bayo obungamamitha ayi-3 kufanele idle inkukhu yonke yabantu abadala esidlweni esisodwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukudla okuhlinzekwa yisilwane esidliwayo esinamagazi kufudumele-futhi kuyaphila. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho ukudla kunganikezwa khona okufana nezimo zemvelo.

Ezindaweni zemvelo, ama-pythons azingela ngosizo lwezitho ezikhethekile lapho ebona khona ukufudumala kwesisulu.

Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izidumbu ezigcinwe ekhaya akufanele zinikezwe ukudla okuphilayo. Baveza ukuthi iqiniso ukuthi inyamazane ingadala umonakalo kumzingeli emzabalazweni wokuphila.

Ukuzalanisa kwePython

Abesilisa balezi ezihuquzelayo bancane kunabesifazane. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngokuhlikihla owesilisa kowesifazane. Ngaso leso sikhathi, owesilisa ubhoboza insikazi nge-anal spurs yakhe - imilenze yangemuva yokuqina.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi uma kukhulunywa ngenqubo yokuzalanisa, lo mndeni wamaqanda obeke izinyoka ngempela. Ngamanye amagama, insikazi, ibeka amaqanda, iyawadonsa kuze kube sekupheleni.

Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa ku-masonry lidlula ngamazinga ayi-15 lokushisa okukhona. Izinhlobo ezingama-41 zalezi zinyoka phakathi kwazo zonke izinyamazane zibeka amaqanda amaningi kakhulu.

Ngemuva kokuphola, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, insikazi ibekela amaqanda. Cishe ezingama-60 zazo sezizonke, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile leli nani lingaba likhulu.

I-python yowesifazane ngaphezulu kweqanda elibeka iqothuka iba yisibalo. Njengesidleke, ama-pythons ajwayele ukukhetha umuthi ngaphakathi lapho kukhona okukhona ngaphakathi kwesiqu.

Yinsikazi kuphela enakekela isizukulwane esizayo. Ukuzala kabusha kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-pythons kwenzeka ekwindla noma ebusika. Kepha ama-boas, azihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zama-pythons, awakubeki amaqanda.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: Mesh Python

I-python ephinde yacaciswa okokuqala yachazwa ngo-1801 ngusosayensi wemvelo waseJalimane I. Gottlob. Igama lezinhlobo elithi "reticulatus" lihunyushwa lisuka esiLatinni ngokuthi "mesh" futhi liyinkomba yesikimu sombala esiyinkimbinkimbi. Igama elijwayelekile elithi Python lahlongozwa isazi semvelo saseFrance u-F Dowden ngonyaka we-1803.

Esifundweni sofuzo sika-2004 sofuzo lweDNA, kwatholakala ukuthi i-python ebuyisiwe iseduze ne-python yamanzi hhayi i-python ye-tiger, njengoba bekucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ngo-2008, uLeslie Rawlings nozakwabo baphinde bavuselela imininingwane ye-morphological futhi, lapho ebahlanganisa nezinto zokwakha izakhi zofuzo, bathola ukuthi uhlobo lwensa luyisihlahla somugqa wamanzi wasolwandle.

Ividiyo: I-Python ephinde yenziwa

Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lofuzo lwama-molekyuli, i-net python ibhalwe ngokusemthethweni kusukela ngonyaka we-2014 ngaphansi kwegama lesayensi iMalopopon reticulans.

Kulesi zinhlobo, izinhlobo ezintathu ezingafani zingahlukaniswa:

• i-malayopython reticulans reticulans, okuyi-taxin yama-nominotypic,
• i-malayopython reticulans saputrai, edabuka ezingxenyeni ezithile zesiqhingi sase-Indonesia i-Sulawesi kanye neSelayar,
• I-malayopython reticulans jampeanus itholakala kuphela esiqhingini saseJampea.

Ukuba khona kwama-subspecies kungachazwa iqiniso lokuthi i-python evuselelwa isatshalaliswa ngaphezu kwezindawo ezinkulu futhi itholakala eziqhingini ezihlukile. Lezi zidalwa zenyoka zihlukanisiwe futhi akukho okuxutshwa ngofuzo nabanye. Kusaphenywa indawo yesine engaphansi kwesiqhingi saseSangihe, okwamanje kuyaphenywa.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Big Mesh Python

I-reticured python inyoka enkulu ehlala e-Asia. Isilinganiso somzimba omaphakathi nesisindo somzimba esijwayelekile zingama-4.78 m nama-170 kg, ngokulandelana. Abanye abantu bafinyelela ku-9.0 m nesisindo sama-270 kg. Yize ama-pythons abonisiwe ubude obude obungaphezu kuka-6 m ubude, kodwa, ngokusho kweGuinness Book of Record, le yodwa inyoka ekhona ekhona yedlula lo ubude.

I-python ephinde yabonwa inombala womzimba kusuka okhanyayo okhanyayo kuya onsundu onemigqa emnyama isuka esifundeni se-porral yamehlo ihle iye ngqo ekhanda. Olunye ulayini omnyama kwesinye isikhathi lukhona ekhanda lenyoka, lisuka esiphelweni se-snout liye kwisisekelo sikakhanda noma i-nape. Iphethini yemibala ye-mesh python iyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi yejometri efaka imibala ehlukene. Umhlane uvame ukuba nezindlela eziningi ezingeke zenziwe ngamadayimane, zizungezwe amamaki amancane anezindawo zokukhanya.

Iqiniso elihehayo: endaweni ebanzi yale ndawo yezinhlobo, umehluko omkhulu ngosayizi, umbala nokumaka kuvame ukutholakala.

E-zoo, iphethini yemibala ingahle ibonakale ilukhuni, kepha endaweni enomthunzi wehlathi, phakathi kwamaqabunga awile nodoti, kuvumela i-python ukuba icishe inyamalale. Njengomthetho, lolu hlobo lukhombisa ukuthi izinsikazi zikhula zikhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa ngobukhulu nangesisindo. Owesifazane ojwayelekile angakhula aze afike ku-6.09 m nama-90 kg, ngokungafani nowesilisa, amaphakathi afinyelela kumamitha ayi-4,5 ubude aze afike ku-45 kg.

Manje usuyazi ukuthi i-python enobuthi noma ayinayo inobuthi yini. Ake sibheke ukuthi ihlala kuphi inyoka enkulu.

Ihlala kuphi i-reticured python?

Photo: Snake Reic Python

I-Python ithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo nesiphansi futhi ithanda ukuba seduze kwamanzi. Ekuqaleni wayehlala emahlathini emvula nasezixhaphozini. Njengoba ukucaciswa kwalezi zindawo kuya kuba kuncane futhi kube yincane, i-net python iqala ukuzivumelanisa namahlathi aseceleni namasimu wezolimo futhi iphila kakhulu nabantu. Ngokwanda, izinyoka ezinkulu zitholakala emadolobheni amancane, lapho zidinga ukuthuthwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-net python ingahlala eduze nemifula futhi itholakale ezindaweni ezinamanzi aseduze namachibi. Ungumbhukudi omuhle kakhulu ongakwazi ukubhukuda aze afike olwandle, ngakho inyoka yafaka amakamu eziqhingini eziningi ezincane phakathi kobubanzi bayo. Kuthiwa eminyakeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, i-python net yayiyisivakashi esivamile, ngisho naseBangkok ematasa.

Ububanzi be-python ebuyiselwayo bufika eSouth Asia:

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo zitholakala kabanzi eziQhingini zaseNicobar, futhi: ISumatra, iqembu leziqhingi zaseMentawai, iziqhingi ezingama-272 eNatuna, Borneo, Sulawesi, Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Timor, Maluku, Sumba, Flores, Bohol, Cebu, Leite, Mindanao, Mindoro, ILuzon, iPalawan, iPanay, iPolillo, iSamar, iTavi-Tavi.

I-python ebunjiwe ibusa emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, ezixhaphozini, kanye nasehlathini elingamamitha, ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1200 kuya kwangama-2500. Izinga lokushisa elidingekayo ukuze kuzalwe futhi lisinde kufanele libe phakathi kwe-≈24ºC ne-≈34≈C lapho kunesibalo esikhulu somswakama.

Idlaleni i-mesh python?

Isithombe: I-Yellow Net Python

Njengawo wonke ama-pythons, umuntu ovuthiwe uzingela emqamelweni, elinde ukuthi ohlukunyeziwe afike ngaphakathi kwebanga lesiteleka, ngaphambi kokubamba inyamazane ngomzimba wakhe futhi abulale ngokucindezela. Kuyaziwa ukuthi idla ngezilwane ezincelisayo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinyoni ezihlala ngaphakathi kwendawo yazo.

Ukudla kwakhe kwemvelo kufaka:

Imvamisa izingela izilwane ezifuywayo: izingulube, izimbuzi, izinja nezinkukhu. Ama-piglets nezingane ezinesisindo esingu-10-15 kg afakiwe ekudleni okujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kukhona icala elaziwayo lapho i-mesh python igwinya engibhalayo, osisindo saso sidlula ama-60 kg. Izingela amalulwane, ibambe indiza, ilungisa umsila wayo ngokungahambisani nomhume emhumeni. Abantu abancane abafinyelela kwabangu-3-4 m ubude bondla ikakhulukazi kumagundane anjengamagundane, kuyilapho abantu abakhulu baphendukela ekuphakameni okukhulu.

Iqiniso elihehayo: I-python eyenziwe kabusha iyakwazi ukugwinya inyamazane iye kwikota eyodwa yobude bayo nesisindo sayo. Phakathi kwezinto ezinkulu ezibhalwe phansi ezidliwayo yibhere laseMalawi elinenkanyezi elinesisindo esingu-23 kg, elidliwe yinyoka engu-6.95 m ubukhulu futhi kwathatha amasonto angaba yishumi ukugaya.

Kukholakala ukuthi i-python ecashile ingabamba abantu, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kaningi kwabantu endle nakubanikazi bemizi yompiyela. Okungenani icala elilodwa liyaziwa ngenkathi iPython reticulatus ingena endaweni yokuhlala indoda ehlathini yathatha ingane. Ukuze kutholakale inyamazane, lo mbhoshongo ocijile usebenzisa imigodi ebucayi (izitho ezikhethekile kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka) ezithola ukushisa kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unqume indawo yokukhiqiza ngokuqondene nokushisa kwayo nemvelo. Ngenxa yalesi sici, i-python ebuye inwebu ithola izinyamazane nezinyamazane ngaphandle kokuzibona.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Mesh Python

Yize esondele kubantu, kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuziphatha kwalezi zilwane. I-python ephinde yaholwa ihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku futhi ichitha usuku lonke endaweni yokukhosela. Amabanga amabanga ambozwe yizilwane ngesikhathi sokuphila kwawo, noma ngabe zinendawo emisiwe, awaphenyiswanga kahle. I-python evunyelwe kabusha isizungu esiqala ukuxhumana kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana.

Lezi zinyoka zihlala ezindaweni ezinemithombo yamanzi. Ngenqubo yokunyakaza, bayakwazi ukuthola izicubu zomzimba futhi ngasikhathi sinye bazidedele, zenze iphethini yenyoka yokunyakaza.Ngenxa yokunyakaza okungunxande kanye nosayizi omkhulu womzimba wama-pythons agxiliwe, uhlobo lwenyoka lapho icindezela khona umzimba wayo bese lwenzeka lapho luhamba ngokulandelana lubonwa kaningi kakhulu ngoba luvumela abantu abakhulu ukuba bahambe ngokushesha. Besebenzisa inqubo yokucindezela nokuqondisa, i-python ingagibela izihlahla.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kusetshenziswa ukunyakaza okufanayo komzimba, ama-pythons anobuthi obufana nazo zonke izinyoka, alahla isikhumba sawo ukulungisa amanxeba noma ngesikhathi sokukhula kwempilo. Ukulahleka kwesikhumba, noma ikhasi, kuyadingeka ukukhulula umzimba okhula njalo.

I-mesh python empeleni ayizwa umsindo futhi ibukeka ngokulinganiselwe ngenxa yezinkophe ezinganyakazi. Ngakho-ke, uthembela emnweni wakhe wokuhogela futhi uthinte ukuthola inyamazane futhi ugweme izisulu. Inyoka ayinazo izindlebe; esikhundleni salokho, inesitho esikhethekile esikuvumela ukuthi uzwe ukunyakaza komhlaba. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindlebe, izinyoka namanye ama-pythons kumele asebenzise ukunyakaza komzimba ukudala ukunyakaza okuxhumana ngawo.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Big Mesh Python

Isikhathi sokuzalela se-python e-reticured siqala ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Kungekudala ngemuva kobusika, ama-pythons aqala ukulungiselela ukuzalaniswa ngenxa yokufudumala okuthembisayo kwehlobo. Ezindaweni eziningi, ukuqala kwesizini kuthintwa yindawo. Ngakho-ke, ama-pythons azala ngokuya ngezinguquko zesimo sezulu endaweni ethile yokuhlala.

Indawo yokuzalanisa kumele ibe yinyamazane edla inyama ukuze insikazi ikwazi ukuzala. Ama-pythons agcinwe kabusha adinga izindawo ezingagadwanga ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzala okuphezulu. Ukusebenza kweqanda kuncike emandleni omama okuvikela nokuwafaka, kanye nasezingeni eliphakeme lomswakama. Ama-pythons abantu abadala ahlala elungele ukuzalaniswa lapho owesilisa efinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5 ubude nangamamitha ayi-3,0 ubude besifazane. Bafinyelela ubude obunjalo phakathi kweminyaka engama-3-5 kubo bobabili ubulili.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo: Uma kunokudla okuningi, insikazi ithela inzalo minyaka yonke. Ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona ukudla okuningi, ubukhulu nobuningi bemfutho buncishisiwe (kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3). Ngonyaka wokuzalela, insikazi eyodwa ingaveza amaqanda angama-8-107, kepha amaqanda angama-25-50. Isisindo somzimba sezingane lapho zizalwa ngu-0,15 g.

Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi, i-python yowesifazane evundayo ihlala isongelwe amaqanda aqandayo ukuze ifudumale. Ngenqubo yokusikwa kwemisipha, insikazi ifudumeza amaqanda, okudala ukwanda kwezinga lokufakwa kanye namathuba wenzalo okusinda. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ama-pythons amancane anobuhlakani acishe angayazi ukunakekelwa kwabazali futhi ayaphoqelelwa ukuba azivikele futhi afune ukudla.

Izici zePython nendawo yokuhlala

Ama-Pythons kade anqoba isihloko sezilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kuliqiniso, i-anaconda ibancintisana nabo, kepha ngemuva kokuthi kutholakele i-python engamamitha ayi-12 ubude kwelinye lama-zoo, ubuqhawe buka-anaconda sebungabaza. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi iningi inyoka enkulu yenyoka. Futhi-ke, usayizi oyinhloko walezi zinyoka usuka kumitha eyi-1 kuya ku-7, 5.

Umbala walezi ezihubhayo uhlukahlukene kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezinesikhumba sombala onsundu, amathoni ansundu, futhi kukhona lezo ezimangaza ngokukhanya kwazo nokuhlukahluka kwazo. Njengomthetho, lezi yizo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukahluka kwamabala. Ososayensi bathi ama-pythons amabili anezindawo ezifanayo akunakwenzeka ukuwathola. Kungahle kube khona ama-pythons nombala we-monochrome (green python).

Lapho ubheka kuqala, zonke izinyoka “zibubuso obubodwa”, kepha ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi nokuthi zikuthola kanjani ukudla kwazo, zibhinca isisulu noma zibulale ngoshevu. Kodwa-ke, lo umbono ongelona iqiniso.

I-Python, njengomhlanganisi we-boa, ayivumeli ubuthi emzimbeni wesisulu, i-python akuyona inyoka enobuthi futhi incamela ukuketula ukudla okuzayo. Kodwa-ke, ama-pythons nama-boas ayizinhlobo ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele, futhi kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo.

I-python inamaphaphu amabili, kanti abantu ababili banamaphaphu amabili. Kepha ezinye izinyoka, kufaka phakathi i-boa constrimor, zibiza eyodwa kuphela, esidlulele kakhulu. Ngokungafani nama-boas, i-python nayo inamazinyo.

Lokhu kulula ukukuchaza - i-boa ibopha inyamazane yayo ngamandla emisipha; ayesabi ukuthi ohlukunyeziwe kuzodingeka ashiye phansi. IPython ibuye ibambe inyamazane yayo, kepha imvamisa kufanele igcine inyamazane yayo ngamazinyo ayo.

Uma nje lezi zinyoka zibonakale zikwazi ukugijima, ngoba zisenezivalo zamalunga. Manje lezi yizimpofana nje ezincane (i-anal spurs). Kunesinye isici esehlukanisa i-python kusuka kwi-const constoror.

Esithombeni, imithungo yezingalo zesikhonkwane

Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi emiphumeleni yalezi zinyoka kunamathambo angaphenyi. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwala mathambo, i-python yenyoka ayikwazi ukudonsela lesi sitho ngaphakathi, kodwa singasebenzisa ithambo elinjalo ngesikhathi sokuzala - bagoba lowesifazane ngaso.

Futhi kunesici esinjalo sama-pythons okungekho okusobayo okuziqhayisa ngaso sonke - angalawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wawo. Isikhathi eside kakhulu abakwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifunekayo futhi baligcine lisesimweni esisodwa, futhi, kepha lapho kubanda, bandisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo ngama-5-15 degrees, okuphawuleka kakhulu futhi kubasize ezimweni ezinzima.

Futhi ukwenze kalula, kunciphisa izicubu zomzimba wonke, okuholela ekufudumaleni. Isimo sezulu sase-Afrika, e-Asia, e-Australia sikulungele kakhulu ukuhlala endle kulezi zilwanyana ezihuquzelayo. Lapho nje, njengezilwane ezifuywayo, bayiswa e-United States, eYurophu naseNingizimu Melika.

I-Python inamazinyo, ngokungafani ne-boa constrictor.

Kepha iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi eFlorida, lezi ezihuquzelayo zikwazile ukubalekela endle, zasinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zaseFlorida nazo zabafanele, futhi baqala ukwanda ngempumelelo.

Ngalesi sikhathi, baqale nokukhalisa i-alamu, okuthiwa, ngenxa yeziningi zalezi zinyoka, i-ecosystem iyaphazamiseka. Kepha ososayensi abavumelani, nokho isibalo salokhu okuhuqayo lapho akukubi kangako.

Izitha zemvelo zama-pythons abonakalayo

Isithombe: I-python yeNet emvelweni

Ama-pythons abonisiwe futhi cishe azinazo izitha zemvelo ngenxa yobukhulu bawo namandla. Amaqanda wezinyoka kanye nama-pythons asanda kubanjwa ahlaselwa izinyamazane ezinjengezinyoni (amankonyane, okhozi, imichilo) nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Ukuzingela ama-pythons amadala agqamile kukhawulelwe kwizingwenya nakwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu. Amaphayiphu asengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa kuphela emaphethelweni amachibi lapho ungalindela khona ukuhlaselwa yingwenya. Ukuphela kokuzivikela ezilwazisayo, ngaphezu kosayizi, ukucindezelwa okunamandla komzimba yenyoka, okunganciphisa impilo esitheni ngemizuzu engu-3-4.

Umuntu uyisitha esikhulu se-mesh python. Lezi zilwane ziyabulawa futhi ziphathwe isikhumba ukukhiqiza izimpahla zesikhumba. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isigamu sesigidi sezilwane sibulawa minyaka yonke ngale njongo. E-Indonesia, ama-pythons anobuthi nawo ayadliwa. Ukuzingela izilwane kunesizathu sokuthi abahlali bafuna ukuvikela izinkomo zabo nezingane ezinyoka.

I-python ephinde yabonwa kungenye yezinyoka ezimbalwa ezidla abantu. Lokhu kuhlaselwa akujwayelekile kakhulu, kepha lolu hlobo lubangele ukulimala okuningi, endle nasekudingisweni.

Kuyaziwa ngokuthembekile ngamacala ambalwa:

• Ngo-1932, umfana osemusha ePhilippines wadliwa yi-python engamamitha ayi-7.6. I-python yabaleka ekhaya, kwathi lapho itholakala, bathola ngaphakathi kwendodana yomnikazi wenyoka,
• Ngo-1995, i-python enkulu yenethiwekhi yabulala u-Ee Hyun Chuan oneminyaka engama-29 ubudala ovela esifundazweni saseMalaysia eseningizimu yeJohor. Inyoka yazisongela ngomzimba ongaphili nekhanda layivalele emihlathini lapho umfo wesisulu ekhubeka phezu kwayo,
• Ngo-2009, umfana oneminyaka engu-3 ubudala waseLas Vegas wambozwa ngendwangu enophondo olude olungamamitha ayi-5.5. Umama wasindisa ingane ngokushaya iphalamende ngommese,
• Ngo-2017, isidumbu somlimi oneminyaka engama-25 ubudala wase-Indonesia satholakala ngaphakathi kwesisu se-python eyisithupha yamamitha ayi-7. Inyoka yabulawa isidumbu sakhishwa. Leli kwakuyicala lokuqala eliqinisekiswe ngokugcwele lapho i-python idla kubantu. Inqubo yokukhipha umzimba ibhalwe kusetshenziswa izithombe namavidiyo,
• NgoJuni 2018, i-Indonesia eneminyaka engama-54 idliwe yi-python eyi-7 metres. Wanyamalala ngenkathi esebenza engadini yakhe, kwathi ngakusasa iqembu lokucinga lathola i-python eduze nensimu inenhlamvu emzimbeni wakhe. I-video enenyoka enezithungo yathunyelwa ku-network.

Izinhlobo zama-pythons

Ososayensi bane-genera eyi-9 kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-41 zama-pythons. Imininingwane engaphezulu mayelana nommeleli wohlobo ngalunye nohlobo lungatholakala ezincwadini ezikhethekile, kepha lapha sinikezela ukujwayelana kuphela nezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-pythons:

• python yasebukhosini - inombala omnyama, ezinhlangothini, ngemuva engemuva kukhona amabala we-hue wegolide noma i-tan. Akufinyeleli osayizi abakhulu kakhulu, kepha umbala uthakazelisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke bathanda imibhoshongo enjalo kuma-terrariums asekhaya,

Esithombeni, i-python yasebukhosini

• python net - Esinye isilwane. Abanikazi abesabi ngisho nokuthi izilwane zabo ezifuywayo zingakhula zibe ngamasayizi amakhulu, aze afike kumamitha ayi-8. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo kuphela kwenyoka lapho umuntu angadla khona umuntu,

I-python enezithombe

• I-pyeron ye-hieroglyphic nayo ingumnikazi wasayizi okhethiwe. Mikhulu kakhulu ukuthi imvamisa ayigcinwa emakhaya, kodwa noma kunjalo ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane. Lolu hlobo lubucayi ikakhulukazi kumswakama,

I-Snake hieroglyphic python

• I-python enamabala - ikhula kuphela kuma-cm ayi-130. Ihlala eNyakatho Australia.

I-Python ibonwe

• tiger python - ingezinhlobo zezinyoka ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Isithombeni se-tiger python

• ukumba kwe-python - ngokusho kososayensi, i-python ayibhekwa njengeyiyona, ibalwa njenge-boa constrictor.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Snake Reic Python

Isimo senani le-python esibonakalayo sihluke kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene zobubanzi beendawo. Ziningi zalezi zinyoka eThailand, lapho zingena khona ezindlini zabantu ngenkathi yezimvula. EPhilippines, lokhu kuyinhlobo ebanzi, ngisho nasezindaweni zokuhlala. Ukuhanjiswa kwePhilippine kubhekwa njengokuzinzile futhi kuyanda. Ama-pythons abukelwe kabusha akavamile eMyanmar. ECambodia, inani labantu liye lehla futhi lehla ngo-30-50% eminyakeni eyishumi. Abamele lolu hlobo lohlobo oluthile bavame kakhulu eVietnam endle, kepha abantu abaningi batholakala eningizimu yezwe.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: I-python eyenziwe kabusha ayibeki engcupheni, noma kunjalo, ngokusho kwe-CITES Isithasiselo II, ukuhweba nokuthengisa kwesikhumba saso kulawulwa ukuqinisekisa ukusinda. Lolu hlobo alufakwa kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN.

Kukholelwa ukuthi i-python ihlala ijwayelekile ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zezwe, lapho kunendawo yokuhlala efanelekile, kubandakanya nezindawo ezivikelwe. Kungenzeka inciphe eLaos. Ukuncishiswa kulo lonke i-Indochina kwabangelwa ukuguqulwa komhlaba. I-python evunyelwe kabusha iseyisilwane esivamile ezindaweni eziningi zaseKalimantan. Izinsalela eziseMalaysia nase Indonesia ziyazinza, yize kudotshwa kakhulu.

Mesh python uhlala uvamile eSingapore, naphezu kokuhlala emadolobheni, lapho ukudotshwa kwalolu hlobo kunqatshelwe. ESarawak naseSabah, lolu hlobo lujwayelekile kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala nezemvelo, futhi akukho bufakazi bokwehla kwesibalo sabantu. Izinkinga ezidalwa ukusulwa nokuxhashazwa kwezindawo zokuhlala zinganxephezelwa ngokwanda kwezihlahla zamafutha esundu, ngoba inyoka yenyoka inyoka kahle kulezi zindawo zokuhlala.

Inani lomuntu

Inyama yama-pythons iyadliwa kanti kwamanye amazwe idliwa ngabantu bendawo. Izinhlobo eziningi zesikhumba zisetshenziswa embonini ye-haberdashery ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene.

Amacala okuhlasela kwe-python kubantu ayaziwa.

Ama-Pythons avame ukugcinwa ekudingisweni: hhayi kuphela ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane, kodwa nasekhaya ngabathandi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Izinhlobo ezithile zalezi zinyoka ziyizilwane ezithandwa kakhulu ze-terrarium futhi zizalela kahle. Bahlala ekudingisweni kuze kuba baneminyaka engama-20-25 ubudala, kwesinye isikhathi kube ngaphezulu.

Umlingiswa wePython nendlela yokuphila

Imvamisa, uma ubukeka isithombe esibonisa isithombe ikhonjiswe lapho, igoqelwe ebholeni. Lesi simo, njengoba kuvela, sinqanda kakhulu inqubo yokupholisa yomzimba futhi sandisa amathuba enyoka okuzwa nokuqaphela inyamazane.

Izinyoka, ezinkulu kakhulu, zibhukuda kakhulu, futhi zithanda amanzi. Kepha nayi ama-pythons amakhulu kunawo wonke - i-brindle, hieroglyphic, i-reticate, bakhetha ukuba semhlabathini ngaphezulu.

Lapha bafuna futhi babambe inyamazane yabo, lapha bayaphumula, kwesinye isikhathi benyuka izihlahla, kodwa hhayi phezulu kakhulu. Futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaveli ngisho nasemhlabeni, futhi zichitha impilo yazo yonke ezihlahleni (i-python eluhlaza). Bazizwa bekhululekile kunoma yiliphi igatsha, ngosizo lomsila benyuka ngokungaphezulu naphansi, futhi baphumule, ngomsila wabo babambe igatsha.

Uma i-python inkulu, khona-ke ababaningi abazama ukuyihlasela, inezitha ezimbalwa kakhulu. Kepha izinyoka ezincane zinenqwaba yabangazi. Ama-Crocodiles, nama-lizons, futhi nezinyoni (izingwamza kanye nezinkozi) aziyithandi ukunambitha inyama yenyoka. Womabili amakati nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo azenqabi inyamazane enjalo.

Ukuzalela nokuphila isikhathi eside kwama-pythons

Ama-Pythons aletha inzalo kanye ngonyaka, kwenzeka ukuthi izimo azingathandeki, bese ukuzala futhi kwenzeka kaningi. Owesifazane, elungele ukukhuphuka, ushiya umkhondo, ngephunga lawo, owesilisa uyakuthola.

Ukuthandana kwabantu abashadikazi kuqukethe ukungezwani kowesilisa kowesifazane nge-anal spurs. Ngemuva kokuthi isenzo "sothando" sesiphothuliwe, owesilisa ulahlekelwe yiyo yonke inzalo kowesifazane ngenzalo yakhe esizayo.

Isithombe se-masonry python

Owesifazane, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3-4, wenza isililo. Isibalo samaqanda singasuka ku-8 siye ku-110. Ukuze kugcinwe amazinga okushisa afiselekayo ku-masonry, inyoka ibekwe phezu kwabo, i-curls up futhi ayishiyi imibando nganoma yisiphi isimo.

Akashiyi ubumbilizi ngisho nokudla, zonke izinyanga ezimbili inyoka ilambile ngokuphelele. Ilawula izinga lokushisa - uma kushisa kakhulu, khona-ke izindandatho zihamba zihlukane, zinikeze amaqanda ukufinyelela emoyeni opholile, uma izinga lokushisa lehla, inyoka iqala ukuyiphakamisa ngomzimba wayo, iyathuthumela, umzimba uyafudumala, futhi ukushisa kudluliselwe ezinganeni ezizayo.

Ama-pythons amancane ngesikhathi sokuzalwa angama-40-50 cm kuphela, kepha awasadingi usizo lukamama, azimele ngokuphelele. Futhi nokho, njengoba sebekhulile ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, abavuthiwe ngokocansi, bazoba iminyaka engu-4-6 kuphela.

Isikhathi sokuphila salezi zimangaliso izinyoka zenyoka isukela eminyakeni eyi-18 kuye kwengama-25. Kunobufakazi bama-pythons abaphila iminyaka engama-31. Kodwa-ke, le mininingwane isebenza kuphela kulezo zinsiza ezazisezindlini noma ezinkulisa. Endle, isikhathi sokuphila salezi zinyoka asikasungulwa.