Ummeleli oyingqayizivele wezwe lesilwane yisicabucabu se-tarantula. Izithombe zesigcawu esikhulu ziyothusa abaningi. Kodwa-ke, ama-tarantulas aqala ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngokuvamile, lezi yizidalwa ezinhle futhi umuntu akazimele esinye isilwane eduze kwabo.

Izicabucabu ... izidalwa ezijwayelekile. Emhlabeni wethu kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-42,000 ezahlukahlukene. Bahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwezwekazi lase-glacial eliseningizimu - i-Antarctica. Kukhona izicabucabu ezimbalwa kakhulu, kukhona ezinkulu, kukhona ezingenabungozi, futhi kukhona ezinobuthi ezingabulala umuntu ngokuluma eyodwa. Lezi zidalwa ezingaqondakali futhi ngezinye izikhathi eziyinqaba kuzoxoxwa ngazo, okungukuthi, isicabucabu se-tarantula.

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Lesi sicabucabu singokwama-arthropod arachnids, simele umndeni wesicabucabu we-tarantula, oyingxenye yesigcawu sesigcawu.

Zibukeka kanjani izicabucabu ze-tarantula?

Kufanele kusheshe kushiwo ukuthi izinsikazi zalezi arachnids zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Umzimba wesikazi ukhula ube ngamasentimitha ayi-9, owesilisa uncanyana - - amasentimitha ayi-8.5. Kwesinye isikhathi izicabucabu zikhula zikhulu impela - ubukhulu bazo obunemilenze evulekile budlula amasentimitha angama-20!

Ingxenye yonke yomzimba, kufaka phakathi imilenze, imbozwe ngesiqu esikhulu esiminyene se-villi, enikeza isicabucabu ukubukeka okunesinwele. Imibala yehluke kakhulu, okubhalwe ngakunye kudwetshwe ngemibala yayo. Kepha, ngokuyisisekelo, umbala umnyama impela, ufakwe ngaphakathi kokukhanya emzimbeni. Ngobudala, izicabucabu zinamandla okushintsha umbala.

Indlela yokuphila yemvelo yemvelo ye-tarantula

Ama-guaranteed ahlukaniswa njengezicabucabu ezinobuthi.

Ukubhalwa okuhlukahlukene kwama-tarantulas kuholela empilweni ehlukahlukene: abanye bahlala ezihlahleni, abanye emhlabathini noma emiseleni, abanye bakhetha impilo ezihlahleni.

Ama-Tarantulas azingela isikhathi eside lapho aqamekele. Ngisho noma isicabucabu silambile, siyalinda isisulu sayo singanyakazi futhi ngesineke. Ngokuvamile, lezi zilwane azisebenzi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma zineliseke ngokuphelele nomuzwa wendlala.

Izicabucabu ze-Tarantula zithathwa njengezikhala ezinde phakathi kwawo wonke ama-arthropods: ziphila amashumi ambalwa eminyaka (30 noma ngaphezulu). Ngasikhathi sinye, izinsikazi ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunabesilisa.

Umbala we-tarantulas uncike ezinhlotsheni, abanye abantu babukeka kakhulu, ngokubabazekayo.

Inqubo yokwenza kanjani ama-tarantulas emvelweni?

Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi ngaphambi kwabesifazane. Amaduna avuthiwe ngokuzalaniswa aqala ukuluka lokho okubizwa nge- "sperm-web". Kuwo kukhona uketshezi lwesilisa lowesilisa. Idivaysi ekhethekile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-cymbium, emzimbeni womuntu wesilisa igcwaliswa ngoketshezi olufanayo. Le “divayisi” ifana neziqukathi kwenye yamabili emilenze.

Isicabucabu seTarantula

Ngenkathi yokuzalela kowesifazane nowesilisa, uketshezi lokuqubuka lungena emzimbeni wowesifazane, luwuzungeze. Isimo esiyingqayizivele sokuzalelana kwezicabucabu ze-tarantula ukuthi insikazi iba nolaka kakhulu ngemuva kwenqubo yokufaka umquba futhi ingadla iduna ngokulingana nentukuthelo. Ngakho-ke, abesilisa ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuzalela bazama ukuzifihla emehlweni 'kamama' othukuthele wesikhathi esizayo.

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kokukhulelwa, isicabucabu sibeka ukhukhunathi. Kukhona amaqanda kule nkozo. Kukhona kusuka ku-50 kuye ku-2000. Kangaphansi kwenyanga nesigamu, insikazi ivikela ngokucophelela ikhokhonathi, kwesinye isikhathi isiguqula noma ihudule isuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye.

Ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda kuholela ekuzalweni kwesigaba sokuqala se-tarantula encane, ebizwa ngokuthi i- "nymph". Ngaphambi kokufinyelela ezinhlotsheni ezindala, ama-tarantulas asencane abhekana nosawoti amaningi.

Le ndlela ibukeka ngayo isicabucabu se-tarantula spider

Njengamanje, lezi zicabucabu seziphenduke izilwane ezifuywayo eziyintandokazi yabantu abaningi.

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Ufuna ukwazi konke

Izicabucabu zeGiant zaziphila ngenkathi yama-dinosaurs ngakho-ke ubukhulu bazo kwakungeyona into emangalisayo. Ngokuqondene nesikhathi sethu, ngisho kwamanje ungatholana nezicabucabu ezinjalo, noma kubantu abaningi ukuzijwayela kuzobangela ukwethuka noma ukunconywa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizokhuluma ngesinye sezicabucabu ezinjalo - i-tarantula-goliath noma i-terondosis ye-Blond. Nguye ongomunye wesicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngoba ubude bomzimba wakhe esikhaleni semilenze bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-28!

Lesi sidlakudla esinamandla asabalele sande kakhulu emahlathini ashisayo amanye amazwe aseNingizimu Melika, okuyiNyakatho yeBrazil, iGuyana neVenezuela. Kwenzeka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinam marshy.

Umzimba wesicabucabu uqukethe izigaba ze-cephalothoracic nezesisu. Amehlo nemilenze eyisishiyagalombili yakha i-cephalothorax yesicabucabu. Isitho sesisu, inhliziyo kanye nezitho zangasese zingena esiswini. Uhlelo lwe-excretory ludlula kuwo wonke umzimba wesicabucabu. Igumbi lamaqanda lisendaweni yesisu yabesifazane.

Yize iqiniso lokuthi isicabucabu singaboni kahle emehlweni, siyakwazi ukubona ebumnyameni. Njengawo wonke ama-tarantulas, i-goliath yi-carnivore. Uzihlalele ethule, aqamekele isisulu sakhe, amhlasele esebenzisa ubuhlanya.

Yize isicabucabu sibizwa ngokuthi yi-tarantula, ayondli ngezinyoni. Yikho nje ukuthi kungokokuqala ukuthi kubonwe isicabucabu lapho sidla nenyoni. Ama-vertebrates nama-invertebrates anjengemouse, izibankwa, izinyoka ezincane, amabhungane, izimvemvane kukudla okuyinhloko kwe-goliath.

Abantu abadala (abavuthiwe) babhekwa njengabamele i-Goliath tarantula, abaneminyaka engu-3 ubudala. Kwesinye isikhathi ngemuva kokuganwa, insikazi idla “othandekayo” wayo. I-goliath inezikhala ezibukhali ezimbanjeni zokuqala zemilenze, esebenza njengesivikelo sayo kowesifazane. Owesilisa uphila ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyi-6. Iminyaka yowesifazane ingafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-14.

Insikazi ibekela izingcezu zamaqanda ezingama-200 kuye kwangama-400, eziwafukamela izinyanga ezimbili. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezicabucabu, umama wesicabucabu ubanakekela amasonto ambalwa, emva kwalokho baphila impilo yokuzimela.

IGoliyati tarantula ihlukaniswa ngezimpawu zomlingiswa onolaka. Ezizwa eyingozi, ukhipha isilwane esiyingqayizivele ngenxa yokufutheka kwezibambo emilenzeni. Ama-fangs, angamasentimitha ambalwa ubude, kanye ne-villi evuthayo, asebenza njengesivikelo. Amachaphaza anobuthi, kepha hhayi anobuthi kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nabanye abamele ubuthi bezinambuzane.

Isiphephelo salezi zicabucabu imijondolo ejulile, ebikade isebenza njengekhaya lamagundane amancane, aze ahlangane nomnikazi wawo wamanje. Indlela yokungena emgodini ivikelwe yi-cobweb, kusukela ngaphakathi kuzo zonke izindonga nayo imbozwe yiwo. Abesifazane bachitha iningi lezimpilo zabo lapha, baphuma kuphela ebusuku ngesikhathi sokuzingela nangesikhathi sokuzalela kwabo. Ukushiya indlu isikhathi eside akukho emithethweni yawo. Ngokuvamile izicabucabu zizingela eduze bese zihudula izinyamazane zazo zilalele.

Ngaphezu kosayizi phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane, kunomunye umehluko. Abesilisa banezingwegwe ezincane emilenzeni yabo yangaphambili, abambe ngayo i-chelicera enkulu yabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuza kwabo, esindisa impilo yakhe ngale ndlela. Umbala walezizicabucabu uvame ukuba nsundu kakhulu, futhi izinwele ezibomvana ngokubomvu ziyagqama emilenzeni. Ngenxa yalezi zinwele eziningi, ezihlanganisa nomzimba wonke, lezi zicabucabu zibizwa ngamahlaya ngokuthi "ama-pussies."

Kepha lokhu akuwona umhlobiso nhlobo, kodwa kungenye yezindlela zokuvikelwa kwezivakashi ezingamenyiwe. Iqiniso ngukuthi, esikhunjeni, emaphashini noma kolwelwesi lomlomo nasekhaleni, lezi zinwele zibangela ukucasuka okukhulu. Ukuze "isikhali" sifinyelele emgomweni, izicabucabu ezinezinyawo ezibukhali zemilenze yazo engemuva zixubha izinwele zisuse esiswini saso lapho uhlangothi lwesitha luye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basebenza njengesitho sokuthinta sesicabucabu. Izinwele zithatha iminyakazo emincane yomhlaba nomoya. Kepha babona buthaka.

Isikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi ubuthi be-goliath tarantula buyingozi kakhulu futhi buvame ukuholela ekufeni, kepha kwavela ukuthi lokhu kukude kakhulu nalokhu. Umthelela wokulimala kwesicabucabu ungafaniswa nokugwazwa kwenyosi. Kuqhamuka isimila esincane, esihambisana nobuhlungu obabekezelelekayo. Yize elabo abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba, ukulunywa kwakhe kungaba yingozi.

Ubuthi besicabucabu bunomthelela okhubazayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa lokudla okuncane, ngokwesibonelo, amasele, izinyoka ezincane, izinambuzane, izinduku, izibungu nezinye izilwane ezincane. Isisulu ngemuva kokulunywa asikwazi ukunyakaza.

Ukudla, ama-tarantulas afaka ujusi wokugaya emzimbeni we "kwasemini", obeka phansi izicubu ezithambile futhi avumele isicabucabu ukuba sikhiphe uketshezi sidle nenyama ethambile yalowo osiphethe.

Into ethokozisa kakhulu ukuthi i-tarantula ayizidli izinyoni. Hhayi-ke, uma kwenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezingejwayelekile, lapho ifumana inkukhu eye yaphuma esidlekeni. Isicabucabu sathola igama laso sibonga kumenzi wezobuciko waseGermany noMdwebi uMaria Sibille Merian, oqale ngokwenza imidwebo yakhe. Kubo, isicabucabu sidla inyoni encane. Ukusuka lapha wabelwa igama elithi "tarantula". Ukuchazwa okusemthethweni kwalesi spider sesicabucabu kungokwesazi se-entomologist Latreil (1804).

Mhlawumbe imininingwane elandelayo ingahle ibonakale ingeyinto encane kuwe, kepha phakathi kwabantu bakulesi sigcawu kukhona okumnandi futhi hhayi abantu abadala kuphela, kepha futhi kusetshenziswa amaqanda esigcawu. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lalezi zilwane ezindaweni zazo zemvelo liyancipha kancane kancane.

Lo muntu uziphatha kabi futhi akafuni ukuthathwa. Futhi yize ubuthi bukaGoliyati bungenabo ubuthi ngokweqile, kuningi okumi ngaphandle.
Uma u tarantula goliath, khona-ke i-terrarium ahlala kuyo ngeke ibukeke njengezitsha zomhlaba, kepha njengendawo lapho kuhlala khona isilo esibucayi. I-terrarium yesigcawu kufanele ikhethwe ibanzi impela.
ITerrarium ingaba yipulasitiki nengilazi, uhlobo oluvundlile. Amavolumu kufanele abe yisilinganiso samalitha angama-25- 35 ngesivalo esikhiyiwe. Kudingeka isivalo ukuze isilwane sakho singanqumi ngokuzumayo ukuthatha isinqumo sokuhamba ngezinyawo ngaphandle kwe-terrarium. Izicabucabu kufanele zigcinwe zodwa ngenxa yesimo sazo sansuku zonke.
Kusetshenziswa udoti, i-sphagnum, i-coniferous sawdust, i-vermiculite. Isixazululo esizedlula zonke kungaba ukukhetha i-coconut substrate engaphezulu kuka-5 cm njengelitha. ukuze isilwane sikwazi ukwenza imink yaso, igobolondo lukakhukhunathi noma ingxenye yamagxolo aphakathi nendawo kufanele ibekwe ku-terrarium.
Umbuso wokushisa wokuqukethwe okujwayelekile kufanele ube ku-22-26C, kepha babekezelela ngomoya ophansi ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kube ngu-15C. Into esemqoka ukuthi amazinga okushisa akufanele abe ngaphansi kakhulu kwesicabucabu esidliwayo. Kulokhu, kunamathuba aphezulu okuqala kwezinqubo zokudla ezikudlayo esiswini sesicabucabu. Umswakama kufanele ube phezulu - 75-85%. Uma umswakama unganele, kungahle kube nenkinga ngokuncibilika okujwayelekile kwesilwane. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama, faka isitsha sokuphuza bese ufafaza i-terrarium njalo. Nikeza umoya omncane, lokhu kuzovikela isicabucabu ezifweni zokukhunta.

Inqubo yokudla okungenamsoco ingathatha okungaphezu kosuku. Ukudla kwesicabucabu se-goliath izinambuzane ezincane. Abantu abadala babhekana ngempumelelo namaxoxo, amagundane.
Imvamisa yokondla izicabucabu ezisencane kabili ngeviki, abantu abadala bondla isikhathi esisodwa ngeviki, esisodwa nesigamu. Akunasidingo sokondla izicabucabu ezisencane ngezinambuzane ezisetshenziswa ngokweqile, i.e. okunokuthi kudlule usayizi wengxenye yesisu se-goliath. Lokhu kungadala ingcindezi futhi ngenxa yokwenqatshwa kokudla.

Isikhathi esikhulu isicabucabu se-goliath esingasenza ngaphandle kokudla cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kepha ngokwemvelo akufanele uzame isilwane sakho.

Isikhathi esinzima kunazo zonke empilweni yesicabucabu siyancibilika. Ngalezi zikhathi, ungazithinti futhi uzenze zikhathazeke. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, i-tarantula goliath nezinye izicabucabu zihamba kancane, zingadli lutho. Ukuvama kokuncibilika kuncike eminyakeni yesilwane. Intsha iyabola njalo, kepha abantu abadala abanezikhathi ezingezinyanga ezimbili noma unyaka.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi iwebhu yesicabucabu se-tarantula ayisebenzi njengesihibe sesisulu, njengoba nakwabanye abamele le nhlobo, ama-tarantulas angabazingeli bangempela, azingela futhi ahlasele inyamazane. Ama-tarantulas alinda inyamazane yawo ekuqamekeleni futhi agxume kuyo. Lesi sici, kanye nombala wazo, kuholele abahlali bendawo ukuthi babize ama-tarantulas ngokuthi “amahlosi obumba”.