UPuma uyisilwane esidla inyama esivela emndenini wakwaFeline. Umzingeli onekhono futhi odabukisayo, ongomunye wabamele abakhanyayo nabanomusa kakhulu bezikati ezinkulu. Kulesi sihloko ungabona incazelo nesithombe se-cougar, funda izinto eziningi ezintsha nezijabulisayo ngempilo yalesiikati esihle sasendle.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-cougar futhi ibizwa ngani?

UPuma ubukeka njengekati eliqinile, unomzimba oguquguqukayo kakhulu, onomsila omude omsipha. Amaphayi aguqulwa ukuze kugibele izihlahla. UPuma unejazi elifushane neliminyene.

Ama-cougars abantu abadala anombala obomvu obomvu, uhlangothi olungezansi lomzimba lukhanya kunengaphezulu. Ubuso bekati elinamamaki amnyama nezindlebe ezimnyama.

Ubude bomzimba we-cougar buyi-100-180 cm, ubude bomsila buyi-60-75 cm. Ukuphakama kwabuna yi-60-90 cm, isisindo se-cougar singafinyelela ku-100 kg. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Isisindo esijwayelekile sowesifazane sisuka kuma-30-50 kg, kanti abesilisa - 60-80 kg.

Ikati yasendle inamanye amagama. IPuma ibizwa nangokuthi ibhubesi lasezintabeni kanye nesigaxa.

Ihlala kuphi i-cougar?

UPuma ungummeleli wakwamakati wezinkomo ezinkulu zasendle. UPuma uhlala eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, uhlala endaweni enkulu impela - ukusuka eYukon (Canada) kuya ePatagonia (South America).

I-cougar yezilwane ihlala ezindaweni zezintaba futhi ayesabi ukuphakama okukhulu. Iphinde ifune ukuhlala emahlathini acijile nawasezindaweni ezishisayo, atholakala emaxhaphozini nasemathafeni.

Ama-cougars cishe acishe indawo yonke, ahamba kalula emithambekeni yezintaba nasemadwaleni, agibela izihlahla ngokuphelele futhi angakwazi ukubhukuda kahle emanzini. I-cougar yezilwane iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuphila kunoma iyiphi indawo.

Ama-cougars abantu abadala ahlala ekhetha impilo eyedwa, ngaphandle komama abanezingane zamantombazane kanye nezithandani zonyaka wokuzala. Endle, ikati le-puma liphila iminyaka engama-20.

Ngabe i-cougar izingela kanjani?

UCougar ungumzingeli onamakhono futhi ungumhlaseli omuhle kakhulu. Inombono obukhali impela, ngakho-ke i-cougar izingela ngokuhlwa nasebumnyameni. Kwezinye izimo, kuya ukuzingela ntambama. Le kati yokuphamba inamacebo ayo okuzingela, iyi-Strategist enkulu.

Isilo sengubo yasendle inyathela inyamazane iphuma emgodini ukuze inganuki iphunga layo. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-cougar kwenzeka ngokugxuma emhlane wesisulu, ngemuva kwalokho ibhubesi lentaba liphule intamo yaso yangaphambili noma libambe umphimbo walo ngamazinyo alo bese liqala ukukwehlela.

Ama-cougars ahlakaniphile kakhulu futhi anobuqili, afihla inyama edliwe ngesiqingatha, ayigcwalisa ngamaqabunga. Belambile, babuyela ekuphangeni okucashile. Izidumbu ezingagundwanga zinikeza ukudla kwezinye izilwane ezizungezile.

I-Puma isebenzisa ikakhulukazi inyamazane, i-elk, i-guanaco. Kodwa-ke, i-carnivorous cougar idla ezinye izilwane, kubandakanya ama-cougars kanye nemfuyo. Ngonyaka, ikati elilodwa le-puma lidla kusuka ku-800- 1300 kg wenyama, cishe angama-48.

Ibhubesi laseMelika lasezintabeni linamazinyo angamashumi amathathu aqine ngokwanele futhi azivumelanisa nalo ukuklebhula izicubu nokuphuka amathambo. Usebenzisa izindlawu ukubamba nokubamba inyamazane.

Ama-cougars ayakwazi ukweqa aze afike kumamitha ayi-6 ubude aze afinyelele kumamitha ayi-2,5 ukuphakama, futhi agijimela amabanga amafushane ngejubane aze afike ku-60 km / h. Ibhubesi lasezintabeni zaseMelika linendawo yalo ebanzi kakhulu yokuzingela. Kumakhilogremu abesifazane aqala ku-26 kuye ku-350 km², nakwabesilisa - ukusuka ku-140 kuye ku-760 km².

I-Puma Cub: Ukuqhamuka nokuthuthuka

IPuma - isilwane sithe cwaka impela. Ukhipha ukukhala okukhulu kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala, okuqala ukwenzeka eneminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Ukukhulelwa kwe-cougar kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu. Ngokwesilinganiso, amawundlu angama-2-3 azalwa ku-cougar, anesisindo esingu-250-450 g nobude bomzimba obungu-25-30 cm.

Ama-cougars kittens ahlukile kubantu abadala endaweni yokuqala ngombala. Ama-cougars amancanyana ane-brown brown grey enamabala amnyama, atjhugululwa ngonyaka owodwa weminyaka.

Amawundlu ePuma avula amehlo amasonto amabili emva kokuzalwa, amazinyo awo okuqala aqhuma ngasikhathi sinye. Ekuqaleni, ama-cougars kittens anombala wamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oguquka kancane kancane ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Amabala okuboya aqala ukuqothuka ezinyangeni eziyi-9 bese kancane kancane anyamalale ngeminyaka emi-2.

Ama-puma kittens aqala ukudla ukudla kwabantu abadala eneminyaka eyi-6, kepha ubisi lusafakwa ekudleni kwabo. Ama-cougars asemancane ahlala nonina kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, phakathi naleso sikhathi aphatha ngaso sonke amakhono okufunda nokusinda nokuzingela, ukuze aqhubeke nempilo ezimele.

Ngemuva kwalokhu, amawundlu e-cougar ahamba ayofuna izindawo zawo zokuzingela, kepha angahlala emaqenjini nabafowethu nodadewethu izinyanga eziningi ngemuva kokushiya umama wabo.

Ikati elikhulu laseMelika alinazitha zemvelo. Bambalwa abantu abathatha isinqumo sokulwa ne-cougar ebabazekayo futhi esheshayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zingahlasela ama-cougars asemancane futhi angafundeki.

Uma uthandile le ndatshana futhi uthanda ukufunda ngezilwane zasendle, bhalisela ukuvuselelwa kwesayithi lethu ukuze ube ngowokuqala ukuthola kuphela izindatshana zakamuva nezithakazelisa kakhulu ngezilwane ezihlukene zomhlaba wethu.

Ukubukeka

IPuma iyindawo yesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni, kanti eyesibili eMelika, kuphela ihlosi, ibhubesi nejaguar ezikhudlwana. Ikati leli lifinyelela kubude obuyi-100-180 cm, libe nomsila ubude obu-60-75 cm, ukuphakama lapho kubuna ngo-60-90 cm nesisindo esifinyelela kuma-105 kg (abesilisa). I-subspecies evamile evamile yabesilisa inesisindo esingama-60-80 kg. Abesifazane bancishe babe ngama-20-30% kunabesilisa.

Umzimba we-cougar uyaguquguquka futhi uphakeme, imilenze iphansi, ikhanda lincane. Imilenze yangemuva ikhulu ngokubonakalayo inkulu kakhulu kunangaphambili. Umsila mude, unemisipha, futhi ngokulinganayo yi-pubescent.

Ama-paws abanzi, anezinsika ezibukhali, ezigobekile, neminwe emilenzeni yangemuva, naku-5 emabunzini angaphambili. Izindebe ezibuyisanayo zisetshenziselwa ukubamba nokubamba inyamazane, kanye nokugibela izihlahla. Amaphinifa eminwe angama-oval, ku-isithende pad kukhona ama-lobes amathathu ahlukile - isici esivamile kuwo wonke amakati.

I-cougar inamazinyo angamashumi amathathu: ama-incisors ayi-6, ama-canine ama-2, ama-6 (ngaphezulu) kanye no-4 (ongezansi) ongaphambi komhlaba kanye no-2 molars emhlathini. Ifomula yamazinyo: I 3 3 C 1 1 P 3 2 M 1 1 = 30 ststyle I <3 over 3> C <1 over 1> P <3 over 2> M <1 over 1> = 30 >. Ama-fangs amade asetshenziselwa ukubamba inyamazane futhi kubhoboze isikhumba nemisipha, izisusa ezincane zisebenzela ukususa uboya noma izimpaphe kuhlaselo lwazo. Amazinyo aqinile aleli kati ahlelaniswa nokuklebhula izicubu ezithobekile futhi nokuphuka amathambo.

Isimo samazinyo singesinye sezinkomba eziphambili ekunqumeni iminyaka yekati. Amazinyo obisi kuma cougars aqhuma ngokuphelele izinyanga ezi-4 zokuphila. Amazinyo anaphakade aqala ukuqhuma ezinyangeni ezingama-6-8, kuthi lapho eneminyaka engu-1.5-2 aqhume ngokuphelele. With yobudala, fangs kanye incisors igaya kakhulu futhi kube mnyama.

Uboya bezinduna buwugqinsi, kepha bufushane futhi buphakeme. Kanye ne-jaguarundi, ama-cougars kuphela amakati aseMelika adwetshwe ngombala ofanayo, yingakho igama lesayensi lalolu hlobo ikhonsathi, elihumusha kusuka kwisiLatini ngokuthi "monochrome". Kubantu abadala, ipumas i-brownish brown or brownish yellow, uhlangothi olungezansi lomzimba lukhanya kunengaphezulu. Ngokuvamile, umbala wepumas ufana nombala wezinyamazane zazo eziyinhloko, izinyamazane. Kunamamaki we-thena amhlophe esifubeni, umphimbo kanye nesisu sikakhokho, amamaki amnyama esihlakaleni, izindlebe ezimnyama, umsila onesihloko esimnyama. Ama-cougars avela ezindaweni ezishisayo mancane futhi abomvu, kuyilapho ama-cougars asenyakatho engwevu.

Umbala wama cougars asemancane uhlukile kumbala wabantu abadala. Izinwele zabo zikhulu, zimbozwe amabala amnyama, imivimbo ngaphambili nangemuva izibambo, namasongo emisileni. Ama-cougars asanda kuzalwa avula amehlo awo emavikini amabili emva kokuzalwa. Ekuqaleni, zinombala wamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kancane kancane ishintsha iba nsundu noma i-amber. Amabala okuboya aqala ukufiphala emva kwezinyanga eziyi-9 zokuphila, bese enyamalala ngokuphelele ngeminyaka emibili.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-cougars akhanyayo futhi amhlophe, kanye nalawo amnyama ansundu, atholakala ikakhulukazi eLatin America (eyokugcina ichazwe nguJ. Buffon njengo couguar noire) Ama-cougars ama-Albino nezicibilikisi akwaziwa ngemvelo.

Ukuhanjiswa kanye Nezinkampani Ezincane

Ngokomlando, i-puma ibilikhulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba eMelika. Ngisho namanje, ngokuya ngobude, i-puma iqhathaniswa (kusuka kumaphethini) kuphela ne-trot ejwayelekile, i-red trot, ikati lehlathi kanye nengwe. Ekuqaleni, ama-cougars atholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo ukusuka eningizimu yePatagonia kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Alaska, indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwayo ihlangana ngokunembile nohlu lwenyamakazi yayo eyinhloko - inyamazane ehlukahlukene. Manje e-United States naseCanada, i-cougar ibilokhu igcinwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisezintabeni ezisentshonalanga. Empumalanga eNyakatho Melika, leli cougar laqothulwa ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwesibalo sabantu abancane ababodwa I-Puma concolor coryi eFlorida.

Njengamanje, indawo ye-puma ifinyelela kwi-100 ° latitude - ukusuka e-Yukon (eCanada) kuya eningizimu, kumboze cishe yonke iNingizimu Melika kuze kufike ePatagonia.

Ukubhaliswa kwekhokho

Ukuhlukaniswa okudala, okususelwa kuzinimpawu zokuziphatha, futhi okulondolozwe kuze kube ngu-1999, kwabelwe okungama-24-30 okuyi-cougar:

• IPuma concolor acrocodia - kusuka eningizimu-mpumalanga yeMatoo Grosso kuye eBolivia nasenyakatho ye-Argentina,
• Puma concolor anthonyi - eningizimu yeVenezuela,
• I-Puma concolor araucanus - IChile ne-Argentina,
• I-Puma concolor azteca - kusuka e-Arizona naseNew Mexico kuya eMexico City,
• Puma concolor bangsi, etholakala enyakatho ye-Andes, isuka entshonalanga neColombia iye e-Ecuador,
• IPuma concolor browni - kusuka e-Arizona kuya eBaja California (Mexico),
• I-Puma concolor calicileica, ezitholakala eCalifornia nasenyakatho yeBaja California,
• Ikhonsoli ekhonswayo yePuma - ikakhulukazi iVenezuela, iGuyana,
• I-Florida Cougar ( I-Puma concolor coryi ) isuka e-Arkansas naseLouisiana yaya eFlorida,
• ICosta Rican Cougar ( I-Puma concolor costaricensis) kutholakala eMelika Ephakathi, kusuka eNicaragua kuya ePanama,
• I-Oriental Cougar ( I-Puma concolor couguar) kutholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States nasempumalanga mpumalanga yeCanada, kusuka eTennessee kuye empumalanga yeMichigan,
• I-Puma concolor discolor - Amazonia,
• I-Puma concolor hippolestes - ukusuka eNyakatho Dakota kuya eWyoming naseColorado,
• I-Puma concolor improcera - ISouthern Baja California
• I-Puma concolor incarum - enyakatho yePeru naseningizimu ye-Ecuador,
• Puma concolor kaibabensis - I-Nevada, Utah neNyakatho Arizona,
• I-Puma concolor mayensis - kusuka eGuerrero naseVeracruz (eMexico) kuya eHonduras,
• Puma concolor missoulensis - kusuka eBritish Columbia kuya e-Idaho naseMontana,
• I-Puma concolor oregonensis - eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBritish Columbia, iWashington ne-Oregon,
• I-Puma concolor osgoodi, e-Andes yaseBolivia,
• I-Puma concolor patagonica - I-Patagonia,
• IPuma concolor pearsoni - IPatagonia naseningizimu yeChile,
• I-Puma concolor pumakutholakala enkabeni yeChile nasentshonalanga ye-Argentina,
• I-Puma concolor soderstromiOkuphathelene ne-Ecuadorian
• I-Puma concolor shorgeri - kusuka eMinnesota naseWisconsin kuya eKansas naseMissouri (ukuqothuka),
• Puma concolor stanleyana - kusuka e-Oklahoma naseTexas kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga yeMexico,
• IPuma concolor vancouverensis, subspecies mayelana. IVancouver

Ukuhlukaniswa kwanamuhla

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesimanje, okususelwa ocwaningweni lofuzo, kwehlukanisa imininingwane engu-6 yenkombiso, yona enamathiselwe amaqembu ayi-6 phylogeographic:

• I-Puma concolor couguar - ENyakatho Melika (kusuka eningizimu yeCanada kuye eGuatemala naseBelize),
• I-Puma concolor costaricensis - I-Central America (Nicaragua, Costa Rica nePanama),
• I-Puma concolor capricornensis - ingxenye esempumalanga yeNingizimu Melika (ukusuka ogwini oluseningizimu ye-Amazon eBrazil kuye eParaguay),
• Ikhonsoli ekhonswayo yePuma - Ingxenye eseNyakatho Melika (Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia),
• I-Puma concolor cabrerae - maphakathi neNingizimu Melika (empumalanga esenyakatho ne-Argentina, e-Uruguay),
• I-Puma concolor puma - Ingxenye eseningizimu yeSouth America (eChile, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeArgentina).

I-cougar yaseFlorida

• I-cougar yaseFlorida (I-Puma concolor coryi) Ingabe okungaxutshwe njalo kwe-cougar. Ubuningi bayo bemvelo ngonyaka we-2011 bebungaphezulu kwabangu-160 abantu (kwathi ngonyaka we-1970 kwehla kwaba ngabantu abangama-20). Ihlala emahlathini nasezigudwini eziseningizimu yeFlorida (USA), ikakhulukazi endaweni ebekelwe ukugcinwa.Ukulondolozwa Okukhulu Kwezwe. Isizathu sokuqothulwa kwayo ikakhulukazi kwakuwukudonswa kwamaxhaphozi, ukuzingela kwezemidlalo, ubuthi kanye nokushoda kwezinto zofuzo, okuholele ekuphakameni ngaphakathi. I-cougar yaseFlorida incane ngosayizi futhi inama-paws aphezulu. Umbala wejazi umnyama, ubomvu. Njengomphumela wokungeniswa ngaphakathi, abantu balokhu okubhalwe phansi bathola isipikili somsila. Kunezinhlelo zokunqamula ama-cougars e-Florida ngama-cougars wezinye izingxhaso zokwakha umphakathi ozinzile, oziholayo.

Enye imininingwane engaphansi kwe-East American, iWisconsin cougar (I-Puma concolor shorgeri), ushonile ngo-1925

Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

AmaCougars atholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukene - ukusuka emathafeni kuya ezintabeni eziphakeme ngamamitha angama-4700 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, nasezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezintaba: emahlathini ase-Mountain coniffort, emahlathini ashisayo, emathafeni otshani, emaphepheni, ezindaweni eziwugwadule futhi ngokujwayelekile kunoma iyiphi indawo enikezela banokudla okwanele nendawo yokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, eNingizimu Melika, ama-cougars azama ukugwema izindawo ezimanzi nezindawo eziphansi ezikhethwe yi-jaguars. Lezi zilwane zivumelaniswa kahle nokuphila endaweni enolaka. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yemilenze nemisipha yazo, iyakwazi ukugxuma ifinyelele kumamitha ayi-6 ubude nama-2,5 m ukuphakama, ukugijima ngejubane elingafika ku-50 km / h (albeit amabanga amafushane). IPuma ihamba kalula emithambekeni yezintaba, igibela ngokuphelele izihlahla namadwala futhi, uma kunesidingo, ibhukuda kahle.

Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo, i-cougar iyisilwane esithule kahle. Ukumemeza okukhulu, kufana nokukhala kwabantu, ukhipha kuphela isikhathi sokukhwelana.

AmaCougars aqala indlela yokuphila eyedwa (ngaphandle kwalokhu imibhangqwana ngezinsuku ezingama-1-6 zesikhathi sokuza komama omama abanezitwana). Ubuningi besibalo sabantu, ngokuya ngokutholakala komdlalo, kuyahlukahluka kumuntu ngamunye nge-85 km² ukuya kubantu abayi-13 km ngalinye. Indawo yokuzingela okwenziwe nge-cougar yowesifazane ithatha kusuka ku-26 kuye ku-350 km² futhi imvamisa itholakala emaphethelweni eduna. Iziza zamadoda zihlala ku-140 kuye ku-760 km² futhi azikaze zihlukane. Abesilisa abadala abavamile ukubonwa ndawonye, ​​ngaphandle kwama-cougars asanda kushiya umama wabo. Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo saso, i-puma yenza ukunyakaza kwesizini, ubusika nokundiza ezingxenyeni zayo ezihlukile. Imingcele yensimu imakwe umchamo nezindunduma, kanye nokuklwebuka kwezihlahla.

IPuma izingela ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ngokwengxenye enkulu yobubanzi bawo, ekudleni kwawo kuqukethe ikakhulukazi ukungathandeki: omnyama-onomsila, omhlophe-wethayela, i-pampas deer, wapiti (inyamazane ebomvu yaseMelika), i-moose, i-caribou, izilwane ezinemilenze eminyene nemfuyo. Kodwa-ke, i-cougar ingadla izilwane eziningi ezahlukahlukene - kusuka kumagundane, ama-squirrels, ama-uwezekano, onogwaja, ama-muskrats, ama-sloths, ama-agouti, izinkawu, ama-porcupins, ama-beaver aseCanada, ama-raccoon, ama-skunks nama-armadillos, ama-coyotes, ama-lynxes, ama-alligator kanye nezinye izigaxa. Ziphinde zidle izinyoni, inhlanzi, ngisho neminenke nezinambuzane. Njengamahlosi nezingwe, i-cougar ayenzi mehluko phakathi kwezilwane zasendle nezasekhaya, ukuhlasela imfuyo, izinja, amakati nezinkukhu lapho kuvela ithuba. Ngasikhathi sinye, uvame ukusika izilwane eziningi kunalokho angazidla. I-cougar ingahlasela izithiyo ezisencane, kanti kunobufakazi obuningi obuchazayo ngamacala e-cougars abulala izithiyo ezinkulu noma ama-grizzlies. U-Alfred Brem uchaza le kati njengesilwane esinamandla nesibindi.

Lapho izingela, i-puma imvamisa isebenzisa into ebabazekayo - ivele ibambe inyamazane enkulu, bese igxumela emhlane wayo bese isephula intamo yayo ngokusebenzisa isisindo somzimba wayo, noma, njengawo wonke amanye amakati, ibambe umphimbo wayo ngamazinyo ayo futhi iqale ukujaha. I-puma eyodwa idla ama-860-1300 kg enyama ngonyaka, okungukuthi cishe angama-48. Ama-cougars afihla inyama engonakalisiwe, ayidonse futhi alale ngamaqabunga, i-brashi noma iqhwa. Bbuyela ekuphangeni okufihliwe, kwesinye isikhathi okuphindaphindwayo. I-cougar iyakwazi ukuhudula isidumbu ibanga elide, okuphindwe kashlanu ngokulingana nesisindo saso. Izizwe zamaNdiya ezazihlala eningizimu yeCalifornia zisebenzisa lo mkhuba wepumas, zathatha izidumbu ezaziphelele noma ziqinile.

I-cougar ayinazitha zemvelo, kepha ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zingaba yingozi ku-cougar: ama-jaguars, amaphakethe wezimpisi, ama-grizzlies, amabhere amnyama, izingwenya, ama-caimans amnyama nama-alligators amakhulu aseMississippi. Ama-grizzlies nezibhubhisi maqondana nesithelo se-cougar njengezinambuzane, ukuthatha ingxenye yephango

Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu

Ngokungafani namakati amaningi amakhulu e-feline, ama-cougars akavamile ukuhlasela abantu, ancamela ukuwagwema.Phakathi kuka-1890 noJanuwari 2004, kwabikwa ukuthi kwaba nokuhlasela okungaba yikhulu e-United States naseCanada, iningi labo okwenzeka e-Vancouver Island kuphela. Esikhathini esiningi izisulu zaziyizingane noma zimfushane, kanti lokhu kuhlaselwa kwenzeka kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Ama-cougars angaba ne-reflex yokuhlasela uma umuntu ehamba ngokushesha futhi eyedwa.

Ukuzala

Amaphaphu awanaso isizini ethize yokuzalanisa, yize ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zivame ukwelulwa ukusuka ngoDisemba kuze kube uMashi. Ukuxhamazela, njengamanye amakati, kuhambisana nokulwa nokukhala kakhulu kwabesilisa, owesilisa uzama ukumboza bonke abantu besifazane abahlala ngaphakathi kwendawo yawo. I-Estrus kwabesifazane ihlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-9.

Isikhathi sokukhulelwa yizinsuku ezingama-82-96. Odoti ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-6 ama-cubic anesisindo esingama-226-453 g kanye nobude obungaba ngu-30 cm. Umbala wawo umdaka onamabala amnyama, ushintsho olwenziwa minyaka yobudala. Amehlo amaKittens avuleka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amazinyo abo okuqala aqhuma futhi aqale ukudlala. Eminyakeni engama-6 amasonto, baqala ukudla ukudla kwabantu abadala, kodwa baqhubeke nokuthola ubisi. Ngalesi sikhathi, umama kufanele alethe okuphindwe kathathu kunokujwayelekile. Kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-15- 26, amawundlu ahlala nonina, bese eyofuna izizumbulu zawo zokuzingela, yize engahlala emaqenjini izinyanga eziningi ngemuva kokushiya umama wawo. Abesifazane bafinyelela eminyakeni yobudala emi-2,5, kanti abesilisa baneminyaka emi-3.

Emvelweni, i-cougar ihlala iminyaka eyi-10-13 (ephakeme kwabesifazane kunabesilisa), ifinyelela kuma-20 kuma-zoo.

Isimo Sabantu Nokuvikelwa

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-cougars asebenza njengento yokuzingela futhi uhla lwawo luyancishiswa ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo ezungezile, ama-subspecies amaningi ahlukene kakhulu, ngoba ama-cougars ajwayelana kalula nokuphila emazweni ahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kucishe kwaqothulwa e-USA ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, manje inani lamaphaphu entshonalanga yaleli lizwe lifinyelela cishe abantu abangama-30,000 futhi liyaqhubeka nokuhlala empumalanga naseningizimu.

Izindlela ezintathu zokudla okwenziwe nge-cougar zibhalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo I: I-Puma concolor coryi, I-Puma concolor costaricensis, I-Puma concolor couguar. Ukuzingela ama-pumas kuvunyelwe ezweni lonke noma kunqatshelwe, yize kusaqhubeka ukuqothulwa ngenxa yomonakalo owenziwe emfuyweni nasekuzingeleni.

Okuwukuphela kokubhaliselwe okusohlwini lohlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN enesimo "esimweni esibucayi" (zisengozini enkulu), Ingabe i-cougar yaseFlorida I-Puma concolor coryi.

Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuthi manje abanye abantu baqala ukuzithambisa ama-cougars njengezilwane ezifuywayo.

Incazelo Nezici

IPuma libizwa ngokuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwento esemqoka, amagama ayedlangile: ibhubesi lasezintabeni, i-cougar. Phakathi kwezilwane ezihlaselayo ezihlobene, isilo sithatha indawo yesine ngosayizi, ngemuva kwenyathi, ihlosi, ibhubesi. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-180 cm, umsila ufike ku-70 cm, isisindo somuntu uvame kuma-80 kg, kepha abamele amakhulu bafinyelela ngaphezulu kwe-100 kg. Osayizi be-cougar izinsikazi zingaphansi kwabesilisa ngama-25-30%.

Ikati lasendle

Umzimba womhlaseli uvumelana nezimo ngokungajwayelekile. Amawashi abanzi, izindlawu ezinkulu ezibuyekelayo zisetshenziselwa ukubamba inyamazane. Ezinyaweni ezingemuva, ezinkulu kakhulu kunangaphambili, i-cougar ineminwe emi-4 ngaphambili - emithini emihlanu. Izigqoko ezibukhali zisiza ama-cougars anamathela ezihlahleni. Njengawo wonke amakati, kukhona ama-lobes amathathu wepads ezithendeni.

Ikhanda elincane lifakwe umqhele ngezindlebe eziyindilinga. Cougar esithombeni ngaso sonke isikhathi ngamehlo abukekayo azungezwe umhlanga omnyama. I-iris grey, hazel, luhlaza. Amazinyo aqinile, izilwane ziphula amathambo, zikhipha izicubu. Isimo sama-fangs kanye ne-incisors sinquma iminyaka yamakati asendle.

Umbala woboya obufushane obuhlanganayo onsundu ngombala onsundu noma ophuzi. Ngemuva nangekhanda kuhlala kumnyama ngombala kune ngxenye yesisu sesilwane. Izimpawu zomhlophe ezimhlophe esifubeni, umphimbo. Amamaki amnyama ekhanda le-cougar, isihloko somsila, izindlebe.

Isimo sezulu sithinta isikimu sombala woboya: ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho, uboya bezilwane bimpunga, ezindaweni ezishisayo zibomvu. ELatin America, kutholakala abantu abangatheni umbala okhanyayo, omhlophe, onsundu. Akukho ma-albino nemiculo phakathi kwama-cougars. Isigaxa esimnyama, i-heroine yekhathuni "Mowgli", inganekwane yobuciko. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-cougars amnyama abizwa ngephutha abizwa ngokuthi ama-panthers.

Cougar emthini owomile

Umbala wama-cougars amancane uhlukile. Uboya bumbozwe amabala amnyama, imivimbo emnyama emilenzeni, emsileni wendandatho. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-9 zokuphila, amamaki aphela, anyamalale ngokuphelele ngeminyaka emi-2. Izinwele zezilwane ziminyene, ziminyene.

Ukunyakaza kwesigaxa kuyaguga, kuyashesha, ngokugxuma okusheshayo umsila usebenza njengokulinganisa. Ngokungafani nama-jaguars ahlobene, amahlosi, ukungena ogibeni akuqedi ngokuziphatha kobuhlanya, kepha ngokulindela okuzingelayo komzingeli ngemuva kwemizamo eminingana yokuzikhulula.

Ngokungafani namabhubesi amakhulu, izingwe zeqhwa, amahlosi, izingwekazi azikwazi ukwenza ingulule ebabayo noma ukubhonga. Kepha bahlanza, njengezakhamizi ezifuywayo, ekuxhumaneni namawundlu, kwesinye isikhathi bayakhamuluka ngesikhathi sokuzala.

I-cougar inezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Zibuthakathaka, izilwane ezincane zingahlaselwa ngama-jaguars, ama-grizzlies, ama-alligators. Ingozi enkulu kubahlaseli ngumuntu obashayayo, abeke izicupho. Isilo sezilwane zasendle akuvamile ukuhlasela umuntu. Izinto zokuhlaselwa zingabantu abaxakile, zingane, bewela imikhondo yezilwane ebusuku. Ukuhambisana nezinyathelo zokuqapha ezindaweni zezilwane kwanele ukugwema ukuhlangana okungathandeki.

Cougar ebusika

EMelika, lapho kutholakala khona uhla oluphambili lwezilwane ezidla izinyamazane, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezilwane aqothulwa. Ngenxa yekhono le-cougars ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zomhlaba ezingejwayelekile ezenziwa yizindlela zokonga, inani labantu liyanda kancane kancane.

Izinhlobo zama-Cougars

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesimanje kwama-cougars kususelwa ekubophelelweni kwezilwane endaweni ethile, umehluko kuma-genomes.

I-Puma concolor couguar -Izinhlobo zivame eNyakatho Melika, kufaka phakathi ama-cougars angajwayelekile eFlorida. I-Habitat kumaxhaphozi amahlathi eningizimu yeFlorida. Ukubhaliswa kwabazingeli kuseNcwadini ebomvu ngenxa yesimo esibucayi.

UFlorida Puma Usengozini

Isilwane sincane ngosayizi, sibomvu ngombala, sinama-paws aphezulu. Ukuwela ngezilwane okuhlobene kakhulu kwaholela ekubonakala kwensila ephakanyisiwe yomsila. Izimbangela zokuqothuka ukudonsa kwamaxhaphozi, ubuthi, ukuzingela izilwane. Lokhu kufaka i-puma esempumalanga, inyamalala ngo-1925.

I-Puma concolor costaricensis - uhlala eMelika Ephakathi.

I-Puma concolor capricornensis - Indawo yokusabalalisa empumalanga Melika.

Ikhonsoli ekhonswayo yePuma - isatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho neNingizimu Melika.

I-Puma concolor cabrerae - uhlala enkabeni yeNingizimu Melika.

I-Puma concolor puma - Indawo yokusabalalisa eningizimu Melika.

Njengamanje, ukuzingela ama-pumas akuvunyelwe, yize basaqhubeka nokuziqothula ngomonakalo owenziwe emfuyweni.

I-Cougar yase-extinct Oriental

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

IPuma libizwa ngekati laseMelika ngenxa yendawo ehlala kulo ezindaweni ezinkulu eziseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Umhlaseli udla izifunda ezintabeni kuze kube ngamamitha angama-4700, amahlathi, amathafa otshani, amathafa marshy. Amandla wokuzivumelanisa nendawo entsha elondoloza inani lezilwane naphezu kwezimo zokusinda ezingezinhle. Ama-cougars asemhlabeni wonke emandleni abo okukhuphuka izihlahla, imithambeka yezintaba nokubhukuda emanzini.

Isilwane siyakwazi ukugxuma sifinyelele kumamitha angama-6-7 ubude, sifinyelele phezulu ngamamitha angama-2,5-4,5 ukuphakama, futhi sithuthukise isivinini esingu-50 km / h. Isici sama-cougars siwukugijimelwa okusheshayo kuphela kwamabanga amafushane, lapho-ke ayaxoshwa. Ngakho-ke, izilwane zivame ukukhuphukela eziphakeme lapho zisengozini. Kuchazwa icala lapho i-cougar iphunyuka ngaphezulu kwe-cactus ephezulu, ibalekela iphakethe lezinja.

I-Cougar ifakwe ngendlela yokuphila eyodwa, ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokuzalela. Indawo yokuzingela abesifazane ithatha umkhawulo womkhawulo wesilisa, uhlala ku-26-350 km². Abesilisa bakhulu ngosayizi - 140-760 km², ungalokothi uhlukane. Abesilisa abaze bahlangane ndawonye, ​​ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuqala yempilo ezimele. Imingcele yezindawo zokubekelwa phansi izikebhe ezihlahleni, i-extreta yezilwane. Ngaphakathi kwensimu yayo, ukunyakaza kwezilwane okwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kwenzeka. Ubuningi babantu ngokuya ngesilinganiso somdlalo.

UPuma uzingela kakhulu ebusuku - unamehlo amahle kakhulu, unomuzwa wokuhogela. Ekufuneni inyamazane, isilwane sinecebo laso. Uhlala ehlasela engalindele - ugxuma esuka ebangeni eliseduze abuyele emhlane wakhe, amhlikihle ngesisindo sakhe. Cishe izilwane ezingama-45-50 ze-artiodactyl ngonyaka ziba izisulu zabazingeli. Ama-cougars wenyama angonakalisiwe alala ngamahlamvu, amagatsha, iqhwa.

Emva kwesikhathi esithile, babuyela esilwaneni esifihlekile, kwesinye isikhathi izinyamazane ziphethe izinsalela ngaphezulu kwamabanga abalulekile. Ngokuthabisako, usayizi wesidumbu ungadlula isilwane esidlakadlaka amahlandla ama-5-7. Ntambama cougar - isilwane ubuvila. Ichitha isikhathi sokuphumula emgodini, ihamba ngesimo sezulu esihle elangeni. Amandla, amandla, ubuqili, ubuqili besilwane kwaveza izinkolelo emandleni akhethekile omandulelayo. Kanjani totem isilwane, cougar kukhonjiswe kumashini abaculi.

Umsoco

Ukuzingela ibhubesi lasezintabeni kuqala kusihlwa, kuyaqhubeka ebusuku. Ama-Artiodactyls, adlula i-puma ngosayizi nesisindo, aba yizinto zokuphangwa. Ngokuphikisana ngokukhululekile, impi ingaphela ekunqotshweni komzingeli. Kepha ubuqili nobuhlakani, isici sokumangala - izinzuzo eziphambili zelebhu eyalusayo. Isilwane sikhetha indawo yokuqamekele kusuka emgodini wephunga ukuze iphunga laso lingatholakali kulowo ohlaselayo.

Cougar uxosha inyamazane

Ukulinda umzuzu ngesineke, ukugxuma okuqondile nokusheshayo emhlane wesisulu akushiyi thuba lokulwa ngisho ne-moose noma inkunzi enkulu. Umuthi wokuphamba uphenduka intamo yakhe, aqumbe umphimbo wakhe. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezivame ukungamhloniphi kanye namagundane zingena ekudleni kwe-puma, kepha umhlaseli olambile akazenqabeli ezinye izilwane. Imenyu ifaka:

• inyamazane, kufaka phakathi i-caribou, i-wapiti, i-white-tailed, njll.
• moose
• ezimvuzelayo
• izingulule
• ama-lynxes
• sloths
• amathuba
• izinkawu
• coyotes
• squirrels
• beavers
• onogwaja
• armadillos, njll.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-cougar ibonwe ku-cannibalism. Ukuzingela ama-alligator amakhulu, izithiyo, ama-grizzlies kufakwa ngaphakathi ekubanjweni kwezinyoni, ukudoba, izinambuzane, ngisho neminenke. Isici esimangazayo sisiza isilo ukuba siphile ezimweni ezinzima zokondliwa. Kwesinye isikhathi i-puma ikhokha impilo yayo ngokuhlaselwa emapulazini emfuyo, emapulazini, lapho ingagcini khona amakati, izinja, izinyoni.

UCougars owesilisa (kwesobunxele) nowesifazane

Phakathi nonyaka, i-cougar idla cishe ama-1300 kg enyama. Isici somhlaseli isifiso sokuthola ukudla ngensimbi yezidingo zesikhathi esizayo. UPuma udlulisa izinsalela zezidumbu ezingadliwanga, uzifihla ezindaweni ezisithekile, egcwalisa inyama ngamahlamvu, amagatsha. AmaNdiya, afunda ngemikhuba kasoso, amlandela eyolanda izidumbu zezilwane. Ama-cache anezindawo zokugcina imali asephenduke isisulu sabaphangi bezilwane.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Igama lalesi simangalo livela kulolo lwimi lwamaNdiya asePeru. Lesi sizwe sasikholelwa enganekwaneni yokuthi i- cougar iyingane elahlekile ekhetha indlela yokuphila engalungile. Mhlawumbe leli zwi livelile ngenxa yokuthi ama-cougars ayevame ukuzingela imfuyo.

Elinye igama le-cougar ibhubesi laseMelika. Leli gama wanikezwa lona ngabafuduki abavela eZweni Elisha. Izakhamizi beziziqhenya ngendlela yazo yokuphila, ukuthi bekufanele zibe sezimweni ezinzima zengozi eqhubekayo, lapho lesi silwane esinamandla singabahlasela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: IPuma ifakiwe enanini lokufezekiswa komhlaba futhi ifakwa kuhlu lweGuinness Book of Record njengesilwane esinamagama amaningi. Yizifunda ezikhuluma isiNgisi kuphela ezinezinto ezingaphezu kuka-40 zekati lasebukhosini.

Esikhathini esedlule bekukholelwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-25 zalezi zilwane. Kepha emhlabeni wanamuhla, ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kofuzo, izinhlobo ezi-6 kuphela ezihlukanisiwe, zazo ezi-4 esezivele zidlulile:

• I-Puma pardoides,
• I-Puma inexpectatus,
• I-Puma pumoides,
• UPuma trumani.

I-subspecies yamanje uPuma concolor noPuma yagouaroundi bahlala eMelika. Phambilini, okubhalwe phansi kwe-jaguarundi kwagqama njengohlobo oluhlukile uHerpailurus Severtzov, ngo-1858. Kodwa-ke, izifundo ezisezingeni lokuthola izakhi zofuzo zithole ubuhlobo obusondelene phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo, ngenxa yokuthi i-systematics yamanje ibahlukanisa kuhlobo olufanayo.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-subspecies ye-puma emnyama ayikatholakali ukuqinisekiswa kwesayensi kobukhona bayo futhi kungenzeka ukuthi, kuyindaba eqanjiwe. Ezimweni eziningi, lawa ngama-cougars anezinwele ezimnyama, ezingase zibe ngephutha elimnyama kusuka kude.

Olunye ucwaningo lweDNA luveze ukuthi ingulule isihlobo esisondele kakhulu salezi zilwane ezidla ezinye. Isidumbu sakhe esingajwayelekile sakhula sazehlukanisa nomndeni ohlukile we-Acinonychinae, nokho, ukusondelana nama-cougars yize kunjalo kwamphoqa ukuthi kuthiwe ngumndeni wamakati amancanyana.

Ividiyo: Puma

Izinwele ezinde nezinwele ezimfushane ngokweqile azinephethini elishiwoyo. Uboya obomvu, umbala wesihlabathi, ofana nombala webhubesi. Umahluko - ubukhulu, ukuntuleka kwe-mane, amakhekhe emsileni nasekhaleni elibomvana. Kukhona ihlazo elimhlophe esiswini. Izinsana ezisacathula zizalwa zinamabala, njengamalense, uboya bazo bukhulu futhi bulula.

Ama-Cub avula amehlo awo emavikini amabili emva kokuzalwa. Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, ama-pumas anombala wamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ishintsha ibe nsundu noma i-amber. Iphethini esejazini iqala ukufiphala lapho inezinyanga eziyi-9, amabala ayanyamalala futhi anyamalale ngokuphelele eminyakeni emi-2.

Ihlala kuphi i-cougar?

Isithombe: Mammal Puma

Indawo yokuhlala kaPuma isuka ezintabeni zeRocky ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika iya ePatagonia eningizimu. Ngenxa yokuvumelana nezimo kunoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila, indawo yokuhlala yalaba bantu abahlukumezanayo ihluke kakhulu - ukusuka emahlathini acacile nezindawo ezisemaqongweni zezintaba kuya ehlathini elishisayo nezindawo ezimanzi. Lezi zilwane ziyimfihlo futhi zigwema izindawo ezivulekile kakhulu.

Phambilini ama-cougars ahlala ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zeMelika, uhla lwawo lwalukhulu kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nazo zonke ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zakuleli zwekazi. Kepha ngenxa yokuqothulwa ngobuningi, izilwane kwadingeka ziyiyeke indawo yazo yangaphambili. Izindawo zabo zokuhlala zihlangana nezinyamazane zabo eziyinhloko. Izindlela zokukhetha eziphambili ziyindawo yokukhosela nokudla okuningi.

Ukwanda kwezindawo lapho lezi zilwane zitholakala khona kuholele ekutheni abahlali bendawo bazinikeze amagama angachaneki noma enkondlo. Ezinye izingosi ezibhalwe ngokwendawo yazo yokuhlala. Lapho kuhlala khona lesi sidlakudla kuya ngezinhlobo zazo. Kepha ngokuyisisekelo bonke bakhetha izindawo ezinobuncane bendawo evulekile nangamandla okuqamekelwa.

Njengoba imvelo yamakati amakhulu iyi-loner, abesilisa bazikhethela izindawo ezinkulu kakhulu, ezisukela kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-20 kuye kwangama-50. Ngenkathi abantu besifazane bengafuneki kangako futhi behlala ezindaweni ezinobude bamakhilomitha skwele angama-10-20.

Ngabe idlani i-cougar?

Photo: Puma Cat

IPuma ingumhlaseli ngokwemvelo. Izifiso zakhe zokudla zivame ukwedlula amandla okudla inyamazane. Ngokwesilinganiso, badla kuze kufike ku-1300 kg yenyama ngonyaka. Lokhu kucishe kube ngama-48 abangathululwanga.

Uzingela izilwane ezahlukahlukene, ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala:

Ama-cougars awahlukanisi imfuyo nezilwane zasendle, ngakho izinqama, amakati, izinja kungenzeka zibe yizisulu zazo. Njengoba bekwazi ukudelela i-skunk kuphela, bazingela namasele, izinambuzane, iminenke. Ama-Skunks avame ukuphatha ukusebenzisa izikhali zawo onephunga elimnandi nama-cougars angazinaki lezi zilwane.

Amabhubesi asezintabeni ayizilwane ezinesibindi futhi avame ukuhlasela inyamazane edlula ubukhulu bawo. Okokuqala, balandela inyamazane besuka ekhoselweni, bathukuthele buthule, bese bahlasela inyamazane kusuka ngemuva bese bephula i-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho noma i-choke. Ijubane lokugijima namandla okugibela izihlahla avumela i-cougar ukuthi ibambe ngezintshe futhi ibambe izinkawu ezihlahleni.

Lezi zilwane zinobuhlakani obukhulu. Abasoze bakhipha ukudla okungakaqediwe futhi ngeke bakubelane. AmaCougars ahlala ebuyela endaweni yesigameko sokubulawa kwalaba noma afihle izinsalela eqhweni noma azingcwabele ngamaqabunga. AmaCougars awathandi ukujaha izisulu. Uma igxuma lokuqala lingashayi inyamazane, amakati ngeke axoshe isikhathi eside.

Ama-Anteatre, ama-armadillos, ama-coyotes, ama-marmot, ama-squirrels, izinambuzane, izinyoni ezincane zamabhubesi aseMelika ukukhanya, hhayi ukudla okwanele. Ekufuneni inyamazane, ama-cougars abukeka emangalisa futhi ebukekayo ngokugxuma.Imvamisa bazingela ebumnyameni, ngosuku olushisayo bathanda ukulala emaphethelweni elanga.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Wild Cougar

Njengoba ama-cougars engabantu abazimele ngokwemvelo, umuntu ngamunye uhlala nezinto ezinkulu. Izimbangi zibonisa imingcele yendawo yazo ngomchamo, izindunduma nezinsimbi ezihlahleni. Amasayithi abantu bobulili obuhlukile angahluka, kepha abesilisa abaze bangene emkhakheni wabanye uma benomuzwa wokuthi izimpahla zinenkosi.

Kuyenzeka ukuthi amakati asendle kufanele aguqule isimo ngenxa yezimo. Ngokushesha bazozama ukushiya amazwe aphesheya futhi bangene esifundeni samahhala. Umgwaqo ukude. Ngakho-ke, i-cougar evela eWyning yahlangatshezwa eColorado, futhi lokhu ngamakhilomitha angamakhulu amahlanu.

Izingonyama zasezintabeni ziyizilwane ezibekezelayo kakhulu nezithulile. Uma ihlosi ligasele esigibeni lapho lizama ukuzikhulula, isigaxa siyosiqeda ngokuqinile isicupho, noma ngabe kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Uma ingaphumeleli ukugqashula emijondolo, izowela emgibeni futhi iyolala buthule.

Ama-cougars awahlaseli abantu futhi azame ukuwagwema ngazo zonke izindlela ezingakhona. Shono isizotha sibhekwa njengesizotha. I-cougar ayizukukhombisa ulaka kuze kube yilapho ilamba kangangokuba iyoba sengozini yokuphelelwa amandla noma izame ukuvikela inzalo yayo.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: AmaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika ayekholelwa ukuthi ama-cougars ayizidalwa zikadeveli. Ukubhonga kwabo kwenza wonke umuntu wethuka ngokwesaba. Kepha umsindo wesikhwanyana esimnandi, la makati aphuma esimweni sokuthukuthela, sonke isikhathi ahlala kuso njengamakati.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Puma Cub

Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwamabhubesi aseMelika asihlali isikhathi eside - kusuka ngoDisemba kuya kuMashi. Izikhala zenza cishe amasonto ama-2, bese zibola futhi. Amakati kuphela anensimu yawo athambekele ekuzaleni. Iziduna zingahlangana nezinsikazi eziningana ezihlala ezindaweni eziseduze.

Ngalesi sikhathi, phakathi kwabesilisa kukhona ukulwa kwabakhethiweyo ngenhlokomo enkulu. Owinayo uzama ukumboza abesifazane abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka kusukela emingceleni yesakhiwo sakhe. I-estrus ihlala izinsuku eziyi-9. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, njengamanye amakati, ama-cougars enza imisindo eyehlisayo.

Ukutholwa kwezizukulwane zezinzalo zezinsuku ezingama-95. Kwelitha elilodwa, kungaqhamuka ama-kittens amabala amabili kuya kwayisithupha, angaba ngu-30 cm ubude futhi abe nesisindo esingaba yingxenye yekhilogremu. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, izingane zivula amehlo, izindlebe, amazinyo okuqala aqala ukukhula. Ngobudala, imidwebo emzimbeni kanye nezindandatho emsileni kuyaphela.

Ukubuka omama abadla izindwani e-zoo, kwacaca ukuthi izintokazi azivumeli muntu ukuba zingene ezingamawundlu futhi azivumanga nokuba zibabheke. Ukushicilelwa kokuqala kuzokwenzeka cishe inyanga eyodwa ngemuva kokuzalwa. Kufika enyangeni eyodwa nengxenye, izingane zondliwa ubisi lukamama, bese ziguqukela ekudleni okuqinile.

Umama unakekela izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili, ngemuva kwalokho intsha kufanele ithole izinto zayo. Isikhathi esithile bangabambelela eqenjini, kepha bese kuba yilowo nalowo ngendlela yakhe. Abesifazane bakulungele ukuzalaniswa eneminyaka engama-2,5, abesilisa kwabangu-3. Ngokwesilinganiso, bahlala iminyaka eyi-15-18 endle, ekudingisweni - iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.

Izitha Zemvelo Cougars

Photo: Puma Animal

Cougars empeleni azinazitha zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, basaba amabhere amnyama, ama-jaguars, ama-grizzlies, izingwenya, ama-caimans amnyama, amaphakethe wezimpisi kanye nama-alligators amakhulu aseMississippi. Baribals kanye grizzly ngokuvamile ukujabulela inyamazane cougar ebanjiwe. Imvamisa lezi zilwane zihlasela ama-cougars angenamandla, amadala noma alimele.

Enye yezitha indoda ebeka izicupho nezicupho ku-cougar, idubula amakati ukuthola inzuzo. Ama-cougars ayizilwane ezisheshayo futhi, uma ekwazi ukudonsa isibhamu esibhamuni, khona-ke isicupho siyomhlupha isikhathi eside. Uma kungaphumeleli, uzolinda umzingeli buthule.

UMongameli wase-US uTheodore Roosevelt udale umphakathi ukuze kuvikeleke izilwane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye evunyelwe ukubulala ama-cougars ngokungenacala ngokwesekwa yinhloko yomphakathi wezilwane waseNew York. Esifundeni saseMelika emva kwalapho kubhujiswe amakhulukhulu ezinkulungwane zamabhubesi asezintabeni.

Ngokuqala kwabantu baseYurophu ezwekazini laseMelika, ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwama-cougars kwaqala ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwabazingeli emfuyo njengemali elula. Enye yezinhlobo ezitholakele ezitholwe emazweni amaningana igama elithi "fitness ihhashi." Ngemuva kwalokho kwaqala ukuzingela ama-cougars nezinja, zawashayela ezihlahleni, lapho amakati angadutshulwa khona kalula.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Cougar Predator

Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukuzingela ama-pumas akuvunyelwe cishe kuzo zonke izifundazwe, ukubhujiswa kwamabhubesi aseMelika kuyaqhubeka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwamapulazi emfuyo. Kepha, noma izindawo abahlala kuzo zihlala zingabonakali ngenxa yokushiswa kwemvelo, ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa kalula nanoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila, izinhlobo eziningi ziningi.

Kusendaweni eseduze yokuqothulwa ngekhulu lama-20 e-United States, inani labaphakeme entshonalanga kuphela linabantu abadala abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-30 futhi liyaqhubeka nokugcwala isimo eningizimu nasempumalanga. Ukushintshwa kunoma yikuphi ukubukeka komhlaba kusiza ama-cougars ukuthi akhule ngesibalo.

Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwebanga lebhubesi lasezintabeni, inani labantu baseFlorida puma lifinyelele amanani ayingozi futhi njengamanje lisengozini. Ukuzingela, ukudonsa kwezixhaphozi nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ashisayo kuholele ekuphelisweni kwalezi zinhlobo. Ngo-1979, babecishe babe ngama-20 abantu. Ukuzala kabusha kwemvelo akusekho kungenzeka futhi amakati asendle avikelwe.

Ubumpofu bezinto zohlobo lofuzo buholela ekuzalweni kwezingane ezikhubazekile kanye nokungasebenzi kahle, ngenxa yalokho ukungcwatshwa kwezifo kuncipha futhi ukutholakala kwezifo kuyanda. Okwamanje, bonke abantu bahlala ezifundeni zaseFlorida Reserve futhi isibalo sabo singamayunithi angama-160.

Isikhathi eside, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi i-cougar yasempumalanga, edabuka eCanada nase-United States, yayisohlwini lokuqothulwa. Kepha ngeminyaka yo-1970, kwatholakala abantu abadala abaningana eNew Brunswick, ababanjwa ngokushesha. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana bekwazi ukuzalela abantu abangaba ngu-50.

Ukuqapha kwePum

Photo: Puma from the Red Book

Ukubhaliswa kathathu kwama-cougars kufakwe ku-Isithasiselo I CITES: I-Puma concolor couguar, i-Puma concolor coryi, i-Puma concolor costaricensis. Ukuzingela akuvunyelwe kuwo wonke amazwe noma kulinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke, abelusi noma abanikazi bezokuzingela bayaqhubeka nokuvikela amapulazi abo emabhubesini asezintabeni ngokubulala imfuyo yama-cougars.

I-Florida puma Puma concolor coryi ifakwe ohlwini ngokusemthethweni kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN futhi inikezwe isimo "esesimweni esibucayi". Ingaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile, izindawo zokuhlala kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zasendle zidalwa, lapho kufakwa imisakazo ukulandelela ukuhamba kwezilwane. Ezilwaneni zezilwane zihlala kahle futhi zilethe inzalo.

Ososayensi basebenzela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi beqe izinhlobo zezilwane ezisolwandle zaseFlorida nazo zonke ezinye. Kuhlelwe ukuthi kuhlalwe kabusha amabhubesi aseMelika kwezinye izifundazwe, kepha lo msebenzi akulula. Amahlathi aseFlorida anyamalala izikhathi eziningi ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokwesibonelo, amahlathi aseNingizimu Melika.

Njengamanje, kwenziwa imizamo yokufuya amakati asendle njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Noma kunjalo, zihlala zikhona izingozi zokuphepha kwabantu. Labo abafuna ukuletha isilwane esingajwayelekile ekhaya labo kumele bakhumbule ukuthi laba bantu abanamadlozi anamandla futhi abanomusa abathandi ukulalela noma ngubani futhi bathanda inkululeko.

Cougar - isidalwa esinokuthula esifanele maqondana nomuntu. Kufakazelwa ukuthi bayabagwema abantu abade. Izisulu zokuhlaselwa yilezi zingane noma abantu abaxakekile bezulazula ibhubesi lentaba ebusuku. Lapho uhlangana nesilwane, akunconywa ukuba sigijime, sibheke emehlweni akhe futhi sikhale.

UPuma - umhlaseli onokuthula nonomusa

Emndenini wekati puma wabheka omunye wabamele izilwane ezinomusa kakhulu, eziqinile, ezinhle, ezichazwe kuqala maphakathi nekhulu le-16. Elinye igama lale kati elikhulu yi-cougar, noma ibhubesi lasezintabeni.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

Isilwane esikhulu esinezilwane ezincelisayo, esiphansi ngosayizi endaweni yokuhlala kuphela i-jaguar eyimbangi, sifinyelela kubude obungu-120-170 cm, futhi sinomsila kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5. Ukuphakama komzimba wekati labantu abadala kususelwa ku-60 kuye ku-75 cm, isisindo singama-75-100 kg . Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane ngokwesilinganiso sama-30%.

Uboya obomvu entanyeni nasesifubeni bungemithunzi okhanyayo, ekhanda bumpunga ngombala, nasezindlebeni nasemsileni - amathoni amnyama amnyama, acishe abe mnyama. Ngokuvamile, umzimba ongezansi ulula kakhulu kunaphezulu.

Izimbangi ezihlala eNyakatho Melika zivezwa ngamathiphu wesiliva, kanti abamele amaphephabhuku aseningizimu nethropiki asondelene namathoni abomvu. Lawa kuphela amakati aseMelika anombala wejazi elingenalutho. Uboya bezilwane bufushane, bukhali futhi bukhulu.

At cougar wesilwane amazinyo aqinile, anquma iminyaka yomphangi. Ama-fangs akhonza ukubamba inyamazane, futhi izisulu ezilimaza kalula izicubu kanye nokuphuka amathambo. Umsila oqinile wemisipha usiza ukulinganisela lapho uhamba futhi ngenkathi ugxuma ekuzingeleni kwekati laseMelika.

Umzimba oguqukayo oguqukayo uhlukaniswa ngomusa okhethekile. Ikhanda lincane, izindlebe zincanyana ngosayizi, ziyindilinga ngesimo. Amawashi aphansi, ububanzi. Imilenze yangemuva inamandla futhi inkulu kakhulu kunangaphambili. Inani leminwe emilenzeni lihlukile: ezine kwesokunxele, nezinhlanu ngaphambili.

Habitat Izinyamazane ezidla inyama kunezindawo zomhlaba ezahlukahlukene: zombili izindawo eziyizicaba ezinamahlathi ashisayo, ama-pampas, amaxhaphozi aphansi, kanye nama-conifers aseNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika maphakathi neCanada. Amabhubesi abizwa nge-silvery agwema lezi zindawo ezisenyakatho.

Indawo yokuhlala yezilwane inkulu kakhulu, kepha ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, amamoya e-United States acishe abhujiswa. Isilwane esingajwayelekile se-puma ngisho yaqala ukugcwala. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, kungenzeka ukubuyisela inani labantu, ngokuqhathaniswa ngosayizi nokusatshalaliswa izingwe, ama-lynxes. Ukuqaphele lokho kuhlala izinyoni ikakhulukazi lapho izinto eziphambili zokuzingela kwakhe zihlala khona - inyamazane. Ngisho nombala woboya bawo uyafana.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

AmaCougars - Izilwane zasendleehola indlela yokuphila ethule wedwa. Isikhathi sokukhwelana kuphela esivusa isifiso somunye kubo, futhi ukukhala kwekati elikhulu kukhombisa ukwakheka kwemibhangqwana eshadile.

Ama-cougars azikhethela izindawo ezithile ahlala kuzo, imingcele yazo imakwe nxazonke kwecala ngokugoba ezihlahleni nasemchameni. Izindawo zemvelo kufanele zigcwaliswe ngezinto zokuzingela nezindawo zokukhosela. Amahlathi namathafa otshani ayizindawo eziyintandokazi.

Ubuningi bokuxazululwa kwezilwane ezidla ezinye kuncike ekutholakaleni kokuphakelwa futhi kungasukela kumuntu oyedwa kuya kwayi-12 km ngalinye. Izindawo zokuzingela abesilisa zakha izindawo ezinkulu ukusuka ku-100 kuye ku-750 km².

Izindiza zama-cougars abesifazane alincane kakhulu, ukusuka ku-30 ​​kuye ku-300 km². Ukuhamba kwezilwane ezindaweni zazo kuhlotshaniswa nezimpawu zonyaka. UPuma uchitha ubusika nehlobo ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Ntambama, izilwane zihlala endaweni ethile elangeni noma ziphumule emgodini ocashile. Kusihlwa nasebusuku, umsebenzi uyanda. Isikhathi sokuzingela inyamazane. Izilwane zivumelaniswa nokuhamba emithambekeni yezintaba, zigibela izihlahla ngokuphelele, zibhukuda.

Unamandla weqa u-5-6 m ubude, ungaphezu kuka-2 m ukuphakama futhi ugijima ngokushesha ufike ku-50 km / h ungashiyi thuba lesisulu. Amandla nokukhuthazela kwama-cougars kuvumela ukuthi bakwazi ukubhekana nokuthwala kwezidumbu, osisindo sazo siphindwe kayisithupha kunesabo.

Emvelweni, i-cougar cishe ayinazitha. Yizidlakudla kuphela ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezingabhekana ne-cougar, uma nje i-cougar ingenamandla ngenxa yokugula noma ukungabi nalwazi kwezilwane ezincane. Ama-Wolf packs, ama-jaguars, ama-alligators amakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile ahlasela i-cougar namakati akhe, uma bezizwa bephakeme.

Cougars empeleni abahlaseli abantu, ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu abonwe njengomhlaseli: uhamba ngokushesha, ngokuzumayo uvuke, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzingela noma kusihlwa. Kwezinye izimo, izilwane zigwema ukuhlangana nabantu.

UPuma uyisilwane esibekezelayo. Ngokungafani nehlosi, elihlanya esigibeni, i-cougar izosusa imijondolo ngokuthula, noma ngabe ithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Umbala

Ijazi likhulu, lifushane futhi liqinile. Umbala uyi-monophonic, ese-cougar yabantu abadala - grey brown-brown or brownish-yellow, isisu sikhanya kancane kunasemuva. Izimpawu ezimhlophe zohlobo lwethayile zitholakala esifubeni, umphimbo kanye nesisu, kukhona amabala amnyama esihlathini, izindlebe zimnyama, nomsila unompipi omnyama. Emvelweni kukhona ama-cougars akhanyayo futhi amhlophe, namnyama ansundu. Ama-cougars asezindaweni ezishisayo ayincane futhi abomvu, futhi izifunda ezisenyakatho zohlu zipendiwe ngopende obumpunga. Ngokuvamile, umbala we-cougar ufana nombala wesilwane esiphambili senyamazane - inyamazane. Uboya bamawundla bukhulu, bumbozwe ngamabala amnyama, imivimbo emilenzeni, namasongo emsileni.

Izici Zokuzingela

Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, i-puma isebenzisa leli thuba lokumangala: inyathela inyamazane enkulu ngemuva bese igxumela emhlane wayo, iphule intamo ngesisindo sayo, noma ibambe umphimbo wayo bese iqala ukuklinya isilwane. Ngonyaka we-puma, kudingeka ama-860 kuya ku-1300 kg wenyama (48 ama -ululates). I-cougar ifihla izinsalela zenyama, iyimboza ngamaqabunga nangama-brawwood, ukuze ibuye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inyamazane efihlekile.

Bahlala kuphi

Indawo yokuhlala komlando ye-puma eMelika yayibanzi kakhulu, izinhlobo zazitholakala yonke indawo ukusuka eningizimu yePatagonia kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Alaska. Manje umhlaseli usindile e-USA naseCanada, ezindaweni zezintaba entshonalanga, kanye naseNingizimu Melika kuze kube sePatagonia. Empumalanga eNyakatho Melika, ama-cougars aqothulwe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwenani elincane labantu ababhalisiwe uPuma concolor coryi eFlorida.

Ukuziphatha

AmaCougars ahlala zombili emathafeni nasezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4700 ngaphezu kolwandle, ezindaweni ezinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba: amahlathi wezintaba, amahlathi ashisayo, amathafa otshani, amapheshana, izindawo eziwugwadule. Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhetha indawo yokuphila kwengulube ukutholakala kwezindawo zokukhosela nezinyamazane. Izingalo zomzimba ezihlanganisiwe zisiza umhlaseli ukuba agxume aze afike ku-6 m ubude futhi afinyelele ku-2,5 m ukuphakama, athuthukise ijubane lokufika ku-50 km / h amabanga amafushane. Ama-cougars ahamba kalula emithambekeni yezintaba, angakhuphuka izihlahla namadwala, abhukuda kahle.

Lesi silwane sithule kakhulu, futhi siyakhala kakhulu, sikhumbuza ukukhala komuntu, sikhipha kuphela ngenkathi yokuzala.

Ukukhulelwa namakati

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-82 kuye kwezingama-96. Kukhona izingane ezingama-6- 000 kulo doti ezinesisindo esingu-226-453 g ngobude bomzimba obungamasentimitha angama-30. Umbala wazo onsundu onamabala amnyama. Amehlo avuleka ezinsukwini ezingama-8-10 ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinyo okuqala asikiwe. Kusuka emavikini ayisithupha, ama kittens aqala ukushintshela kancane kancane ekudleni kwabantu abadala. Umama usaqhubeka nokubondla ubisi futhi alethe inyama. Kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-15- 26, izingane zihlala nonina, bese ziya ezingosini zazo.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:

• Ama-cougars akavamile ukuhlasela abantu, akhetha ukugwema. Uma umuntu ehamba ngokushesha futhi eyedwa, khona lapho kusihlwa noma ebusuku isigaxa singamenza impango futhi ahlasele.
• Iminyaka ye-cougar inqunywa ngesimo samazinyo akhe. Amazinyo obisi esilwaneni aqhuma ezinyangeni ezi-4. Kuvela amazinyo ezingapheli ezinyangeni ezingama-6-8, kuthiwe ngeminyaka engu-1.5-2 kuqhume ngokuphelele. Njengoba bekhula, bayaguga futhi baba mnyama.
• I-puma iyakwazi ukuhudula inyamazane yayo ibanga elide, noma ngabe inesisindo esingaphezu kuka-5-7 kunesisulu uqobo. Izizwe zamaNdiya ezazihlala eCalifornia zasebenzisa lo mkhuba wesigaxa, zathatha izidumbu ezazidliwa futhi zingafundwanga ngabazingeli.