Isifo sezinso ezinjeni asivamisile ukwedlula emakati, kepha nokho yonke inja yesine yobudala iqala ukuthola izinkinga ngalesi sitho. Qaphela ukuthi ezilwaneni ukwehluleka kwe-renal okungapheli akuphathwa nakancane futhi wonke umsebenzi ukugcina isimo esihle sokusebenza kwezinso. Qaphela ukuthi nansi amatshe ezinso, neoplasms, nephrosis nge-jade. Uma sikhuluma ngokubhekelwa phambili kohlobo lokuzalela, khona-ke abanikazi beChow Chow, uShar Pei, i-English Setter nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo kufanele baqaphele ikakhulukazi - udinga ukuhlolwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha futhi uqaphe ngokucophelela isimo senja.
Izimbangela Zesifo Sezinso Sezinja
Ezingeni eliphakeme lokuthandwa phakathi kwezimbangela zesifo esinobungozi obunjalo ukungondleki. Noma ngabe uphambuka kancane ekudleni okunempilo, phindaphinda lokhu “okuncane” ngenombolo yokondliwa ngonyaka, kabili, ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi nambili, futhi uzokwazi ukuthi lesi sifo singakhula kahle. Umthwalo wezinso uyakhula futhi uma ekuqaleni akwazi ukubhekana nalo umthwalo, khona-ke kancane kancane amandla okugcina izinso ancishisiwe futhi imiphumela emihle ayikwazi ukuphuma. Uma sikhuluma ngezimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, khona-ke lokhu kuwukukhathaza, ukugabha nokuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla. Imvamisa ezweni lethu abantu babheka engcupheni kanye nasemcabangweni ongaqondakali “wokudlula wedwa,” kodwa empeleni kuvela ukuthi inja kufanele ibuhlungu futhi ihlukunyezwe.
Kunesinye futhi isizathu, esidume ngokudla okuphezulu ngemuva kokudla okungafanele - amagciwane namagciwane. Isibonelo, uma inja ine-leptospirosis, okungekho muntu oyithathileyo ukuyelapha, i-nephritis izokwakha kancane kancane, bese ukuvuvukala okunamandla kwegciwane lezinso kube nomphumela obulalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge-pyroplasmosis, amafomu wesifo sezinso, okuthi ngendlela efanele aholele ekufeni. Njengoba usuqonde, udinga ukuthi usihlole njalo lesi silwane, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi ukuhlanza nje akufiki.
Kunesizathu sesithathu sakho konke lokhu kugula, okuvame kakhulu ezilwaneni ezisencane - ama-nephrotoxins. Yizinto lezi ezilimaza ngempela izinso zesilwane. Qaphela ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi isifo esinjalo senzeka kulezo zilwane ezingadli epuletini, kepha ezisetshenziselwa ukukhotha isitezi, abaphuza amanzi ethoyilethi - bangaba nezimpawu zokuhluleka kwezinso ngokushesha. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukungavikeleki kwenja kungaba namandla amakhulu, ukuvezwa njalo kwamagciwane namagciwane kungabhekana nakho impela, ngoba asikho isiqinisekiso se-100% ngisho namavithamini namaminerali.
Izimpawu zesifo sezinja sezinja
Izimpawu zesifo esivelayo zingabizwa ngokuthi zilula. Isibonelo, lokhu kunganda okubonakalayo kokukoma, kanye neqiniso lokuthi inja izophuza ingxenye, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ngezingxenye ezincane. Futhi, imvamisa yohambo oluya etrayini luzokwandiswa, yize iqiniso lokuthi inja ingahlala etrayini okwemizuzu engama-5 ukuya kwengama-10, kepha kuphuma amaconsi ambalwa womchamo. Kuvela ukuqhuma, ijazi liba buthuntu. Uma lesi sifo sesidlulele esigabeni esinzima, ukugcinwa komchamo kungafinyelela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kuyadingeka ukufuna usizo lodokotela wezilwane ngokushesha nje lapho uqonda ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Ukuhlehlisa ukwelashwa usuku olulodwa kungasiguqula lesi simo, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-10 kufanele uhambe nenja uyobona udokotela, noma ushayele udokotela wezilwane ekhaya.
Ungakuvimbela Kanjani Ukugula Esimweni Sakho Inja
Ukulwa nalesi sifo kudinga isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke - lokhu kungumthetho ophambili. Ngeshwa, ngayo yonke into elula, lo mthetho ubukwa kakhulu futhi awufaneleki ikakhulukazi, kepha odokotela bezilwane bahlala bethi akukho lutho futhi akunakuba yinto eyinkimbinkimbi ekulandeleleni ekudleni okufanayo. Ukuvakashela udokotela kufanele kwenziwe njalo, ikakhulukazi uma inja yakho isindala kuneminyaka eyi-5 - inja ingena eqenjini elisengozini enkulu.
Njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, udinga ukunikela ngegazi, okunye ukuhlolwa, yenza i-ultrasound futhi vele ubonane nodokotela. Ungasho konke okufika engqondweni yakho kuphela. Sebenzisa zonke izici zokuziphatha kwenja, imikhuba ethile, chaza umsoco wakho. Ungaqopha uhlu lokudla okunesampula ngokwehlukile ukukhombisa udokotela wakho wezilwane. Musa ukuvala amehlo akho eqinisweni lokuthi ungakwazi ukondla isilwane sakho ngokunembile - uma wenza amaphutha, udinga ukuwalungisa esikhundleni sokuvala amehlo akho. Ukwenza kube lula ukwedlula umsindo. Qaphela ukuthi imvamisa izinkinga zezinso zenzeka ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile kwamaprotheni. Ngobudala, inja idinga okungaphansi kakhulu kunokuba abanye abantu becabanga, kepha ukusetshenziswa kuyaqhubeka kukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inja kufanele iphuze amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ngisho emakati kuvamile ukuvikelwa ezifweni zezinso kungaphezu kwama-300 ml nsuku zonke, khona-ke ezinjeni le ndlela evamile ingakhula amahlandla amabili kuya kwamathathu.
Isifo esivame ukwedlula zonke esiholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso yi-pyroplasmosis ne-leptospirosis. Futhi, odokotela bezilwane bavikela kalula umngane wakho kulezi zifo eziyingozi futhi ezicasulayo, udinga nje ukucela usizo lokuthola imiphumela oyifunayo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi udliswa ngokweqile, uma odokotela bezilwane bekhipha imali kuwe, kodwa akekho ofuna ukusiza, khona-ke okungenani ubuke ukudla ngokwakho, gxila esimweni sesilwane futhi unikeze amanzi amaningi. Indlela yokuphila esebenzayo nothando lwabanye ngeke kube ukuvikela okuqondile kepha okungaqondile kunoma iyiphi inja yenja, ngakho-ke ukunakwa kwenja kufanele kwandiswe ukuze kungabikho sizathu sokuzizwa kungadingekile.
Isifo sezinso esivame kakhulu
Ezinjeni, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zezifo zezinso zivame kakhulu:
- glomerulonephritis,
- pyelonephritis,
- i-nephrossteosis,
- i-polycystic
- i-interstitial nephritis,
- isifo sezinso se-ischemic (isifo senhliziyo).
Imvamisa yokwelashwa kwabanikazi bezinja ngokwehluleka kwezinso okungapheli futhi okunobunzima yi-10% yawo wonke amacala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sinzima, isikhathi eside, siphazamisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo eziningi, futhi sivame ukuholela ekufeni kwesilwane.
Imvamisa, izifo zezinso zivela ezinjeni ezineminyaka engu-4 (80%), kepha ama-pathologies nawo ayaqashelwa ezincwabeni kuze kube unyaka. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yokukhubazeka kokulimazeka kwe-intrauterine noma ukukhubazeka ekwakhekeni kwezinso.
Isikhathi sokujikeleza kwegazi kuyaphawuleka - inani eliphakeme liwela ezinyangeni zasekwindla, ngenxa yezimo zesimo sezulu. Isimo sezulu esishisayo, esibandayo nesinomoya siholela ku-hypothermia kanye nokulimazeka kwezinso.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-pathologies wezinso
Zonke izifo zezinso ezinjeni zihlukaniswa ngokulandela imibandela eminingana:
- Ngohlobo lokubonakaliswa kwenqubo ye-pathological:
- ukuvuvukala,
- dystrophic,
- Kuya ngesilonda sezakhi zesitho:
- izicubu ezihlangene
- izinto zokusebenza ze-glomerular
- ama-renal tubules,
- Ngesikhathi sokuqhubeka kwesifo:
- bukhali
- ezingamahlalakhona
- Ngokuya ngokwasendulo:
- -theleleka
- i-parasitic,
- umzimba
- okunobuthi
- okuxakayo
- Ngokwemvelo yokusatshalaliswa:
- gxila
- phazamisa
- Ngokuya kobunzima bale nqubo:
- mnene
- phakathi
- esindayo
- Imvelaphi:
- ukuzalwa
- kutholiwe.
Izifo zezinso ezinjeni zingavela njengezimele (basic) pathology, noma ngenxa yezinkinga zezifo ezingaphansi (kwesibili). Ukwehluleka kwesiqalo se-renal kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba (izifo ze-autoimmune), i-vasology pathologies eyenzeka njenge-thrombosis, i-thromboembolism, ne-arterial hypertension.
Izimpawu ezejwayelekile zezifo zezinso
Izinso zenza imisebenzi eminingi edingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile. Ukuthuthuka kwezigemegeme ezikhulu kakhulu nokuqongelela izinto ezinobuthi emgodini wegazi kuholela ekungasebenzi kahle komzimba wesilwane sonke.
Izimpawu zesifo sezinso ezinjeni zinenqwaba yezimpawu zobuntu. Kepha ngokuya ngohlobo lwenqubo ye-pathological, izimpawu zayo uqobo zizoba khona. Izimpawu eziphambili zezinqubo eziningi ze-pathological ezakha izakhiwo ze-renal yilezi:
- shintsha iphunga lomchamo (obolile, omuncu noma ogxile kakhulu),
- ukwanda noma ukuncipha kwengxenye yomchamo owabelwe,
- imvamisa yokuchama iyanda noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyancipha,
- ushintsho emthunzini womchamo osuswe (ngokuya ngohlobo lwenqubo ye-pathological, umchamo ungathola umbala obomvu, ungabi namibala, nsundu, ube ngamafu noma ube nokumiswa),
- isifiso sokukhubazeka nokoma ngokweqile,
- ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba,
- izinguquko ekushiseni komzimba
- ukubonakala kwephunga le-ammonia eliphuma ngomlomo wesilwane,
- ukuqhuma kokuqukethwe esiswini okuhambisana nokuphazamiseka kwesitulo,
- ukuhlangana okungahambi kahle kweminyakazo, ukuqina kokunyakaza kwesilwane lapho kuhamba,
- ukungahambi kahle ngesikhathi sokuchama,
- nezenzo ezingalawulwa zokuchama (isilwane singabhalwa embhedeni, embhedeni noma kumakhaphethi),
- ukwamukelwa kwendawo engeyona eyemvelo esilwaneni lapho uya endlini encane.
Ukuze unqume ngokunembile imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle kwezakhi zezinso, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe ngokuphelele emtholampilo wezilwane. Ngaphezu kokuqoqa izivivinyo zegazi nomchamo, i-ultrasound ne-radiography nazo ziyenziwa.
Ukuxilongwa okunembile kuyadingeka ukunquma ukwelashwa okwanele nokuthola ukuthi ilimala kangakanani izinso. Ngenxa yocwaningo olunembile, udokotela wezilwane uzokwazi ukuthuthukisa amaqhinga okuthola ukwelashwa komuntu ngamunye.
Izifo ezijwayelekile zezinso ezinjeni kanye nokwelashwa kwazo
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezenza noma zibe nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezimo ze-pathological zezakhiwo ze-renal. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zesifo sezinso ukungondleki kahle nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezakhi zomzimba, izifo zofuzo, izifo kanye nezilonda ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukuphazamiseka kokuvikelwa komzimba, izinqubo zesimila, ukudakwa kakhulu, ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni, kanye nokuphelelwa ngumzimba womzimba wenja, umphumela ukunikezwa kwegazi okungekuhle ngaphakathi kwezinso ngokwazo.
Imvamisa, izifo ezilandelayo zitholakala ezinjeni:
- Isifo sezinso sePolycystic ezinjeni - Kuyisifo semvelo sofuzo, esidluliselwa ngefa. Ama-Anomalies wesimo sofuzo aphazamisa ukusebenza kwezakhiwo ze-renal futhi afaka i-amyloidosis ne-dysplasia, kunzima ukuphendula ngezindlela zokwelapha, kepha udokotela unamandla wokumisa inqubo yokubhubhisa kwe-pathological futhi aqhubeke nomsebenzi we-organ ngangokusemandleni. Izilwane ezinesifo sezinso se-polycystic zingaphila impilo ende, kepha uma umnikazi elandela imithetho yokondla nokulungisa.
- Amatshe ezinso enjeni - ukugula okubizwa nge-urolithiasis, akutholakali ezinjeni kaningi njengamakati, kodwa futhi kubangela nezinkinga zezinso. Kunesifo ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-calculi kusuka usawoti okhona kumchamo. Amatshe ezinso angaba mancane noma abe makhulu, futhi uma ehamba emiseleni yezinso, angaholela ekuqhekekeni nasenqubo enkulu yokuvuvukala. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuhlanganisa ukuthatha imishanguzo encibilikisa i-calculi encane, kanye nokwenza usizo lokuhlinzwa okuvumela ukuthi uqhekeze amaconsi amakhulu ngokususwa kwawo okwalandela emzimbeni.
- I-Glomerulonephritis uhlobo lwenqubo yokuvuvukala olunobudlelwano obuqondile nomenzeli esithathelanayo. Kukhona i-pathology ngenxa yokuvezwa komzimba wezinto zokwaliwa, izinqubo zokuvuvukala zezitho zangaphakathi, kanye nokutheleleka ngegciwane noma kwegciwane kwangaphambilini. Nge-glomerulonephritis, izimpawu zezimpawu ukwanda okukhulu komfutho wegazi, i-edema yengozi, ushintsho emthunzini womchamo kanye nokwanda kokushisa komzimba.
- I-Pyelonephritis ukuvuvukala kwezakhi zezinso okubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-bacterium microflora ye-pathogenic. I-Pyelonephritis yenzeka ngenxa yokuvezwa kwe-staphylococcal, izifo zamathumbu, futhi ngenxa yokutheleleka komzimba ngamagciwane wegciwane noma fungal. Lesi sifo singakhula sodwa, kepha imvamisa ye-pyelonephritis iyisixakaxaka sesibili esiphikisana nesizinda sokuvuvukala kwesiqu, izinqubo zokuhlanza ezinye izitho zangaphakathi. Izimpawu ze-pyelonephritis zivezwa ngokungabikho kokudla kwesilwane, ukubambana ngamandla, ukuqina lapho uhamba, kuphakamisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba liye emazingeni aphezulu. Ukwelashwa kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala ezinso kufaka ukusetshenziswa kwama-painkillers nezidakamizwa ze-antispasmodic, kanye nezidakamizwa ezisehlisa umfutho wegazi. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa ama-antibiotic ekwelapheni i-pyelonephritis, ekhethwe ngudokotela ngokuya ngeminyaka, isisindo kanye nesimo sempilo sesiguli.
- INephrosis - izinqubo ezibhubhisayo ezithuthuka ku-tubules zezakhiwo ze-renal. Njengomphumela wenqubo ehlelekile ye-metabolic, uhlobo lwe-protein-hlobo metabolism luyaphazamiseka, futhi hhayi ukuthi lufafazwe izinto ezinobuthi ezingakhishwa emzimbeni, kepha faka ukujikeleza kwe-systemic. Kukhona inani elikhulu lezimbangela ze-nephrosis. Lokhu kungaba ubuthi bohlelo obuhlelekile, izinqubo zesimila emzimbeni wesilwane, ukwelashwa okungalungile nangokungafanele kwe-pathologies yezinso, nezifo ezizalwa nazo. Ngokuya ngembangela eholela ekushintsheni okubhubhisayo kwezihlunu zezinso, udokotela wezilwane unquma uhlobo lonyango. Isilinganiselo esivumelekile ukuhambisana nokudla okuthile, kanye nokuqokwa kwezidakamizwa ezisusa izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo.
- Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungamahlalakhona - isifo esiqhubeka kancane kancane esihambisana nokulahleka kancane kancane kwezimpawu ezisebenzayo zezakhiwo ze-renal. Imvamisa, lesi sifo siqhubeka kancane futhi ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezinzima, sithinta izinso zombili ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuvela kwezimpawu zokubonakala kokungaphatheki kahle kwe-renal kwenzeka lapho esinye sezitho ezihlanganisiwe sesiyekile ukusebenza, kanti esinye sithinteka yi-1/3. Ukwelashwa kwe-pathology kuwuphawu, ngoba ukwelashwa okuphelele akunakwenzeka.
- I-Renal copical hypoplasia - Kuyisifo sohlobo lokuzala. Kwenzeka ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinja futhi kuphula izinqubo zokuqedwa kwezinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda se-hypoplasia, ukwehluleka kwezinso kwenzeka. Izimpawu ze-hypoplasia yezinso zibonakaliswa inani elikhulu lomchamo, ukugabha kanye nohudo. Lesi sifo aselashwa kanti ekwelashweni kwezilwane kusetshenziswa kuphela ukwelashwa okubonakalayo ukuze kulondolozwe impilo yesilwane. Imvamisa, isilwane sibulawa ukudakwa kakhulu komzimba.
Yiziphi izinto ezinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-urolithiasis enjeni?
Ukudla okwenziwe ngendlela engafanele kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-urolithiasis, lapho isidlo esinokuqukethwe okunamaminerali amaningi okudla ekudleni kwenja noma ekudleni kunokweqile kwamaprotheni, ukusilela kwamavithamini A no-D, okuphakelayo okungeniswayo, ukondliwa, njll.
Ubudala bezinja - Lesi sifo sivame ukubikwa ezinjeni ezineminyaka ephakathi.
Isibonakaliso sobulili - kwabesilisa ngenxa ye-urethra ende, lesi sifo siqoshwa kaningi.
Kukhona okushiwo kusengaphambili kokuzalela ngokwakhiwa kwamatshe. Izinhlobo ezincane zezinja ezinama-urolithiasis zivame ukugula kunezinhlobo ezinkulu zezinja. Phakathi kwezinja, amapayipi, iPekingese, ama-dachshunds, ama-terriers, ama-bulldogs, ama-Dalmatians kanye nama-hound ajwayele ukugula.
Ukuntuleka kokuhamba kwenja okujwayelekile, impilo yokuhlala - ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuhamba okungavamile, ukuntuleka kwamanzi.
Izimpawu zesifo. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zincike endaweni lapho kukhona amatshe okuchama nobulili bezinja.
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko se-urolithiasis ezinjeni ukungakwazi kwenja ukwehlisa ukuchama okujwayelekile noma okunzima kakhulu. Umchamo wenja ukhishwa kancane, kwesinye isikhathi uyehla, lapho umchamo uhlolwa ngokucophelela, umnikazi wenja uthola igazi. Ochwepheshe bezilwane bahlukanisa ama-degree amaningana okuthuthuka kwe-urolithiasis, ngayinye enezimpawu ezithile zomtholampilo.
Uhlobo oluncanyana lwe-urolithiasis. Ngale fomu, izimpawu zomtholampilo zalesi sifo inja kungenzeka zingabonakali. Amatshe okuchama kwezinja angaba ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Ingxenye yamatshe okuchama enjeni ingabonakala nge-x-ray. Kwezinye izinja, le ndlela yalesi sifo ihambisana nokulimazeka komthambo noma wesibeletho.
I-urolithiasis emnene. Ngale fomu, inja yakho kaningi ingacela indlu yangasese, ngaleso sikhathi ukuchama kungandiswa kancane. Abanini besilwane bavame ukuqaphela ukuba khona kwegazi emchameni, inja ivame ukukhotha izitho zayo zangasese, ngemuva kokuchama, amaconsi egazi asala eselangeni lowesifazane noma esiqongweni sowesilisa. Kwesinye isikhathi abanikazi bezinja bathola amaconsi wegazi evela kumchamo phansi.
I-urolithiasis enkulu. Kuleli fomu, kudedelwa amaconsi amancane omchamo ngenkathi kuchama inja, i-tenesmus ivele inja, inja iyakhala, inyakaze, ibukeka imile futhi iyasaba, izimbotshana endaweni engajwayelekile, igazi libonakala ngokusobala emchameni wezinja (igazi kumchamo wezinja). Izinja ezinesineke lapho zichama zihlala phansi, futhi zingaphakamisi ama-paws azo. Amantombazane ahlala phansi njalo, umchamo lapho uchama noma ungavuthi nhlobo, noma kuncane kakhulu kwawo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwenja enje ngomtholampilo, ngokubona kwesisu, udokotela wezilwane unquma ukuthi isinye sigcwele kakhulu. Inja ayinasifiso sokudla, inja ibulala ngaphandle futhi iyabulala. Ekupheleni kwesifo ngale ndlela yesifo, inja ingahle ingabi nokuchama nakanye, inja iba buthaka, umkhuhlane kungenzeka. Inja ivame ukuhlanza (ukuhlanza ezinjeni), ukuphuma komzimba, ukuqhekeka.
Ukuxilongwa i-urolithiasis itholwa udokotela wezilwane emtholampilo ngesisekelo sezimpawu zesifo, ukuhlaziya umchamo (amaseli we-epithelial, izinso ikakhulukazi kanye nesinye isinye futhi kugoqeka izakhi zofuzo, amakristalu e-calcium oxalate, i-calcium carbonate kanye ne-phosphate ephindwe kathathu), nemiphumela ye-x-ray (amatshe ayabonakala esithombeni se-x-ray), futhi kanye nemiphumela ye-Ultra (sithola indawo yamatshe okuchama, ubukhulu bawo nobungako). Ukuze ungabandakanyi ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-genitourinary tract, kubalulekile ukuthatha i-smear kwi-microflora futhi wenze ucwaningo lwegciwane lomchamo elabhorethri yezilwane. Njengazo zonke izifo, kuzokwenziwa uhlolo lwegazi olujwayelekile nolwezinto eziphilayo emtholampilo wezilwane.
Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa nokuvimbela i-urolithiasis, bheka i-athikili yethu nge-urolithiasis ezinjeni.
I-Nephrossteosis noma "izinso ezishubile", - I-Nephrossteosis inqubo yokuphola izinso ebangelwa izilonda ezibangelwa ukuqina kwamathambo wezinso, ukwanda kwezicubu ezithintekayo, i-atrophy ye-parenchyma, ephelezelwa umsebenzi wokukhubazeka we-impretory kanye nokwenziwa kwezinso.
Imisebenzi ebalulekile yezinso
Izifo zezinso zisendaweni yesibili kwezifo eziyishumi eziyingozi kakhulu eziholela ekufeni kwesilwane. Inkinga enkulu ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi eyisisekelo yezinso ukungakwazi ukubuyisa izicubu zezitho ezonakele vele. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa, kanjalo, kusiza kuphela ukusekela umsebenzi wezinso, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Izinso zenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile:
- Ukuhlanzwa kwegazi lomzimba kusuka kubuthi obukhiqizwayo ngenxa yokucubungula ukudla, amanzi, umoya, njll.
- Ukupheliswa kobuthi, ngokwesibonelo, lezo ezidakwe ngokudla noma ngenxa yokuphefumula kwamagesi anobuthi.
- Amanzi amaningi futhi akhishwa ngokusebenzisa izinso.
Izinso ziyabandakanyeka ekwenziweni kwama-hormone abalulekile, elinye lawo yi-erythropoietin, libhekele ukwenziwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Umsebenzi wezinso ulinganisa okuqukethwe usawoti namanzi emzimbeni wesilwane. Izinso njengemishini elungisiwe, uma enye yezinhlelo yonakele, umsebenzi wabanye uya ngokuya ukhula.
Kubalulekile: Inkinga enkulu ukuzimisela okufika ngesikhathi kwesifo sezinso esilwaneni, ngoba izimpawu zesifo ziyavela ngisho nalapho isimo singanakwa. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinga lokulimala kwezitho, ngemuva kokuxilongwa, lingama-60%. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sezinso:
- Isipayisi.
- Okungapheli
Ifomu elinamandla lazibonakalisa lisesimweni sokuthuthuka okubucayi kwesifo kolunye uhlelo olusebenzayo lwezinso. Inkambo engapheli yesifo sezinso esifuyweni ingaba yi-asymptomatic iminyaka eminingana. Okuningi kuncike emathubeni wokugonywa kwezilwane. Imvamisa izinja zitholakala zinesimo esingamahlalakhona.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwesifo Sezinso
Izifo ezivamile ze-reso:
I-Pyelonephritis yenzeka njengokuvuvukala kwangaphakathi kwezicubu ezithintekayo zesitho kanye ne-revis pelvis. Ikhula ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane lesitho, isibonelo:
- E. coli
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
- staphylococcus nabanye
Futhi, lesi sifo singakhula njengengxaki ye-cystitis noma okunye ukuvuvukala kwezitho zangasese nezomchamo. Ukuba khona kwesimila sanoma yisiphi isitho sangaphakathi nakho kuyacasula lesi sifo. Isici esahlukile ukuhlulwa kwezinso zombili. I-Pyelonephritis yathuthuka ngokushesha kangangokuba isilwane esivele sinezifo zokugula siyafa kungakapheli amahora angama-24.
IGlomerulonephritis yisifo sezinso esingatheleleki. Ikhula njengengxaki yokugula okuvela ngaphambilini:
- ukungahambi kahle komzimba,
- isilonda esingalashwa kahle esilwaneni,
- ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwezitho zangaphakathi,
- izifo ezithathelwanayo ezinzima.
Ngokuphulwa kwe-tubules ye-renal, ebhekene nokususa ubuthi kanye ne-protein metabolism emzimbeni wesilwane, kuvela i-nephrosis. Ukwehluleka kwangempela yisigaba sokugcina salesi sifo. Ukwehluleka kancane kancane komsebenzi ngamunye wezinso kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwesitho okungalawulwa. Uma inja inikezwe lokhu kutholwa, khona-ke impilo eyengeziwe yesilwane izoncishiswa ekutholeni njalo kwesilwane ngaphansi kwe-dropper kanye nemijovo.
Ukunaka! Ukuthola ukunemba kwesifo sezinso, kudingeka uhlolo olunzulu. Ukugcizelela encazelweni eningilizayo imbangela yokwehluleka kwezinso, ukunemba kwendlela yokwelapha ekhethwe udokotela wezilwane ukwelapha isilwane kuncike kulokhu.
Izimbangela zesifo sezinso
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthola isifo sezinso:
- Ukudla okungenampilo ngokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba kuholela ekushoneni kwamavithamini kanye nokwehla komzimba wezinja.
- Ukuba khona kwezifo zofuzo. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezihlanzekile zithinteka kakhulu ngalesi simo. Izifo, ukuthola ifomu elingamahlalakhona ngendlela engaqondile, zivusa ukwehluleka kwezinso.
- Izifo ezimbi kakhulu ezithathelanayo noma ezingamagciwane.
- Amasosha omzimba obuthakathaka.
- Ukuba khona kwezimila emzimbeni wesilwane.
- Ukuqongelelwa kobuthi.
- Ubuthi obuyingozi.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwesilwane, okuholela ekunikezelweni kwegazi okungesihle ezinso.
Kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwesifo nasekubonakalisweni kokuqala kokuziphatha kwezilwane okungajwayelekile, bonana nodokotela.
Izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sezinso ezinjeni
Izimpawu zesifo sezinso zingenzeka amasonto amaningi, kancane kancane zibe zimbi kakhulu isimo somngane wakho onezinyawo ezine. Akudingekile ukuthola kuphela izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokugqashuka kwenja. Ngempela, izimpawu zezinkinga eziningi zempilo ziyefana. Nalu uhlu lwezimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo:
- Ukwehla okukhulu kwesifiso sokudla noma ukwenqatshwa okuphelele kokudla.
- Ukomela okwandisiwe, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi inja ihlale inesitsha esigcwele samanzi amasha.
- Kuhlala kunxenxa indlu yangasese, kanti inani lomchamo lincane noma likhulu.
- Ukuqunjelwa kungavela esilwaneni.
- Isimo sezinhlungu.
- Umbala wokushintshwa komchamo, ngokuya ngembangela yalesi sifo, ungaba negazi, ungabi namabala noma ube ngamafu, ngokubakhona kokunye ukungcola.
- Iphunga lomchamo liba bukhali.
- Phambilini, inja ehlanzekile iqala ukuhamba ezintweni ezincane ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene: ekhaya, emotweni.
- Iphunga le-ammonia elivela emlonyeni libonisa ukunqwabelana kwenani elikhulu lobuthi emzimbeni wesilwane.
- Isifo sohudo.
- Uhlobo lwengozi. Ngenxa yobuhlungu obungapheli, isilwane siqala ukugoqa umhlane waso ngokungesikho ngokwemvelo.
- Ukuqubuka kwezidladla zenja kuyavela. Ezinye izingxenye zomzimba nazo zingavuvukala: isifunda sesisu, izinkophe zangenhla zesilwane.
- Ubuhlungu nokukhonkotha kwesilwane lapho uchama.
- Uma lokhu kungowesilisa, khona-ke phakathi nohambo ukuya ethoyilethi uhlala phansi, esikhundleni sokuphakamisa i-paw yakhe.
- Olimini lwenja, ukugoba okunsundu kungabonakala.
Ukuba khona kwezimpawu eziningana kufanele kwazise umnikazi wenja ngokushesha. Lapho ubona udokotela ngokushesha, kungenzeka isilwane sakho siphile.
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa
Ukwenza ukuxilongwa okunembile, kufanele kutholakale ukuxilongwa ngokuphelele. Ukunemba kokwelashwa kuya ngohlobo lwesifo. Udokotela wezilwane kuphela onqume ukuthi yisiphi isifo sezinso esithinte isilwane.
Ukwelapha izifo zezinso ezinjeni kungathatha isikhathi eside. Okuningi kuncike ekunganakwa kwecala elithile, ekunqumeni indlela yenkambo yesifo. Ngemuva kokucaciswa kwawo wonke ama-nuances, kunikezwa izidakamizwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela futhi ubheke ngokunembile umthamo womuthi ukuze ungalimazi isilwane. Okokuqala kudingeka unikeze ukufinyelela kwamanzi ukuze ugweme ukuphuma komzimba.
Ngefomu elingapheli, akunakwenzeka ukwelapha ngokuphelele inja, ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kunganciphisa kuphela izimpawu, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise impilo yesilwane.
Kubalulekile ukusungula imbangela yentuthuko, lokhu kuzoba yisisekelo sokwelashwa kwenja.
Ukuhambisana nokudla okukhethekile, okunqunywe ngudokotela ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Isikhathi sokwelashwa sincike ekuqhubekeni kwesifo kanye nesimo sesilwane.
Icala ngalinye lesifo lilodwa, futhi ukwelapha inja ekhaya ngaphandle kokuya kuchwepheshe kusongela ukufa kwesilwane esiseduze.
Umuthi omuhle kakhulu ukuvikela
Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezifo zezinso, landela uchungechunge lwezindlela zokuthibela. Bazovikela umngani wakho onezinyawo ezine futhi akusize uphile impilo ende.
- Ungavumeli inja idlale kanye nezinja ezidukelayo. Kukhona amathuba aphezulu okubamba noma yisiphi isifo kubo.
- Thola imigomo ngesikhathi ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka ngezifo ezinzima eziholela ezinkingeni.
- Ungavumeli inja idle imikhiqizo eyingozi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi isilwane sithola wonke amavithamini kanye namaminerali adingekayo ngokudla.
- Yiba nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kudokotela wezilwane ukukhomba ukugula okungahle kwenzeke ngesikhathi.
Bukela ukusebenza kwesilwane sakho esifuywayo, uma inja yaqala ukuziphatha ngendlela engajwayelekile noma yaqala ukusebenzisa amanzi amaningi kunokujwayelekile, khona-ke kufanele uyihlole ngezifo.
Isimo sengqondo sokuqaphela kumngane wezinyawo ezine sizosiza ukugwema izinkathazo eziningi ezihlobene nempilo yesilwane. Noma isilwane sakho sigula, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela wezilwane ngaso leso sikhathi, lokhu kuzosiza ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha futhi kunciphise amathuba okuba khona kwezinkinga enjeni.
Izimpawu ezejwayelekile zokwehluleka kwezinso
Izifo zezinso ezinjeni zihambisana nezimpawu ezijwayelekile, kepha kunezimpawu ezibonakaliswa kuphela kuhlobo oluthile lwe-pathology. Izimpawu ezilandelayo zihlobene nokuboniswa kwangaphandle kokwehluleka kwezinso:
- ukhathala nokukhathala kwesilwane,
- ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla
- ukunciphisa umzimba
- indlala yolwelwesi lwama-mucous,
- isikhumba esomile,
- Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi se-palpation esifundeni se-lumbar nangesikhathi sokuchama,
- ukubona okuhle
- ukwephulwa kokuziphatha nokuxhumana kokunyakaza,
- ukukhuphuka kwesifiso sokuchama ngokuncipha kwenani lomchamo osuswe (i-oliguria), kuze kufinyelele ekuqotheni ngokuphelele kokuchama (i-anuria),
- ukugcinwa kwe-fluid emzimbeni kuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-edema,
- kunezimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo (ikakhulukazi nge-glomerulonephritis),
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala zihambisana nomkhuhlane,
- Ubuthi ngemikhiqizo yokubola iholela ekuhlanzeni, ezikhungweni ezihlukumezayo, ukwehluleka.
Izifundo zaselebhu zomchamo ziqopha ushintsho ekubunjweni kwalo, ivolumu, umbala:
- umchamo uba mnyama, kunamafu,
- kwabantu bomchamo bayancishiswa
- kumchamo, ukuba khona kwe: amaprotheni, igazi, amaseli we-epithelium echithiwe, amasilinda wamaprotheni, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-leukocytes kukhombisa uhlobo lwegciwane lesifo.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwelashwa kuyabonakala kulezi zinguquko ezilandelayo:
- amazinga aphezulu we-urea ne-creatine, akhombisa i-acidosis,
- okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaminerali - i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus kanye nokwehla kwe-calcium ne-sodium,
- ukwehla ngokulingana kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi (anemia),
- ukwanda kwenani lamaseli egazi amhlophe angama-neutrophilic,
- ukukhuphuka kwe-ESR.
Ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-pathology kuholela ekukhuleni ukudakwa ngemikhiqizo yokubola, ukuphazamiseka kwe-homeostasis enosawoti wamanzi ne-pH yomzimba, ukwehla kwezinqubo ze-metabolic, ukwanda kokuqhekeka kweprotheni kanye nokwephulwa kwezinqubo zepulasitiki. Ukuntuleka kokwelashwa kuholela ekwandeni kwezinguquko ze-pathological nokufa kwenja.
Izindlela zokutholwa kwe-pathology
Ukuthola izimbangela zalesi sifo nokuhlola ubucayi benqubo emitholampilo yezilwane, kutholakala ukuxilongwa okuhlukile. Kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- ukulethwa kwezifundo zemitholampilo, ze-biochemical, ze-hematological zegazi nomchamo,
- I-Ultrasound yemisebenzi kanye nesimo sezinso nezitho zomzimba wesisu,
- I-CT noma i-MRI uma kwenzeka kusolwa ukuthi i-renal infarction.
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yelebhu, ngokomzimba, ekufundweni nasekuhlaziyeni kwemininingwane eqoqiwe, udokotela wezilwane wenza ukuxilongwa futhi athuthukise uhlobo oluthile lokwelashwa. Kusungulwe ukuthi imbangela evame kakhulu ye-pathology yezinso ezinjeni ukwephula okuqukethwe, amaphutha ekudleni kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngakho-ke, iphutha elikhulu lilele kubanikazi bezilwane.
Izindlela zokwelapha i-renology
Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezinjalo zokwelapha njengoku:
- ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa
- ukwelashwa ngomzimba,
- Ukudla
- ukuhlinzwa.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuya ngembangela ye-pathology kanye nezimpawu ezibonakalayo:
Inhloso yokuvezwa | Iqembu lezidakamizwa | Igama lezidakamizwa |
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kanye namagciwane | Ama-antibiotic | IBiseptolum, iNitroksolin, Amoxicillin, Tsifran, Baytril |
Ukucindezela kokuphendula kwe-immunological, ukuphuculwa kokuphuma komchamo, ukuqedwa kwe-edema | I-Glucocorticoids | I-Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Metipred |
Ukuqinisa i-diuresis, ukususa i-edema | Ama-diuretics | IFurosemide, iVeroshpiron |
Ukushintshwa ngokwejwayelekile kwe-potassium emzimbeni | Ukulungiselela potassium | IPanangin, Asparkam |
Ukuqedwa kwezinqubo ezibambezelekile epheshaneni lesisu, ukuqina kokuhamba kwamathumbu, ukuzinza ukwakheka kwe-urea | Ama-probiotic | Lactusan, Lactulose (Enema), Vetom |
Ukuvuselelwa kwemali esele kasawoti | Amaconsi anezixazululo zesaline | I-Ringer Ringer |
Ukukhululeka kobuhlungu | Ama-antispasmodics | I-No-shpa, i-papaverine |
Ukugcina ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, kuvamile ukucindezela | Izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive, ama-Cardioprotectors | I-Enap, i-Carboxylase, i-Preductal, i-Riboxin, ne-Neoton |
Uma kudingekile futhi kudakwa kanzima, kudayidwa ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpawu:
- hemodialysis,
- hemosorption
- plasmapheresis
- i-peritoneal dialysis.
Ukwelashwa kokudla kubaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni ama-renal pathologies nasekuvimbeleni ukuqhubekela phambili kanye nokuphinde kubuyele kwezifo. Usebenzisa ukudla okwenzelwe kahle, kungenzeka:
- yenza buthaka izimpawu ze-pathology ngesimo sokuphazamiseka kwe-dyspeptic,
- ukunciphisa inani lamaprotheni ekudleni kusiza ukubhekana ne-acidosis,
- ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-fiber kokuphakelayo kunikeza enye indlela yokuqeda ubuthi nemikhiqizo ye-metabolic - enamakhaza,
- ahlinzeke amaminerali namavithamini ukuze ubuyisele imetabolism,
- Ukubuyiselwa kwesisindo somzimba ngosizo lwemikhiqizo equkethe amakhalori angenawo amaprotheni, amavithamini, ama-asidi aqatha abalulekile.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka, ngokwesibonelo, ukususa i-calculi ezinso. Inkinga ukuthi akubona bonke odokotela bezilwane abanganikeza ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-renal pathology. Ukugwema ama-pathologies ezinso abucayi, ukwelashwa okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kubiza kakhulu, kusetshenziswa izindlela ze-prophylactic.
Isifo sezinso
Kukhona isethulo sosizo lwezifo zezinambuzane zezinja. Isibonelo, kumaDalmatians, ama-dachshunds, ama-bulldogs, ama-terriers ngokuvamile kaningi kunakwamanye izinhlobo, i-urolithiasis iyatholakala. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi kufanele azi izici zokuzalela kwesilwane sakhe futhi enze ukuvimbela kwama-renal pathologies:
- Vakashela umtholampilo njalo lapho ubheka isimo nomsebenzi wezinso.
- Bheka irejimeni yokuphuza, ikakhulukazi uma udla ukudla okwomile kanye nokusebenza kwemoto ephezulu yenja, kanye nesikhathi esishisayo.
- Ngobudala, ukuhambela umtholampilo wezilwane kufanele kube khona njalo - okungenani isikhathi esisodwa ezinyangeni ezi-6.
Njengoba isipiliyoni sezilwane zezilwane kanye nemininingwane yezibalo ibonisa, impilo nenhlala-kahle yesilwane sakhe kuya ngokuziphatha komnikazi okufanele. Lokhu futhi kuyiqiniso nge-renal pathologies ezinjeni.
Ukuvimbela Isifo sezinja
Izinkinga zezinso zezinja kulula ukuzivikela, ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kwe-ecto ne-endoparasites, nokugoma ngokuya ngohlelo lokugoma. Kubalulekile ukuqapha isimo somgogodla womlomo wesilwane, futhi ikakhulukazi izinsini namazinyo. Kufakazelwa ukuthi izinqubo ezingapheli zokuvuvukala emgodleni womlomo zithinta kabi ukusebenza kwezakhiwo ze-renal.
Kunconywa ukwenza izivivinyo zokuxilongwa kwesilwane emitholampilo yezilwane kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6. Ungavele uthathe umchamo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ukubheka isimo sezinso.
Lokhu kuzogwema ukuthuthukiswa kokuhluleka kwezifo okungapheli kanye nezinye izimo ezinzima zokwelapha.
Njenge-prophylaxis, ungasebenzisa umuthi osuselwa kokukhishwe kwesitshalo. Omunye wale mishanguzo yi-Phytoelitis "Izinso Ezinempilo". Lona umuthi wokuqina oqinisa jikelele onama-antispasmodic, usawoti kanye nemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuvimbela isifo sezinso ezinjeni yukudla okwakheke kahle. Ukukhuluphala kakhulu, kanye nokukhathala, kunomthelela omubi kakhulu ezinso. Ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu ekusebenzeni kwalo lonke uhlelo lokugaya kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nesifo sezinso ezinjeni, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5 ubudala.
Inani elikhulu lamaprotheni, izinhlobo ezishibhile zokuphakelwa, ukudla okungenakugaywa yinja, kudala ukucindezela okuqinile ezinso. Ingozi yesifo sezinso ukuthi uma kungekho zimpawu zokuma noma ukwelashwa okungazelelwe, izifo ziba ezingalapheki futhi azelapheki ngokuphelele.
Ukuvuvukala kwezinso
Ukulimazeka kwezifo ezinzima ezinjeni kubizwa ngokuthi yi-glomerulonephritis. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuhlotshaniswa nokubonakala kwezakhi zokuzivikela zomzimba ezijikeleza engxenyeni yethambo lezinso futhi kancane kancane zifakwe kwizixhobo ze-glomerular. Lokhu kuvusa ukusabela kokuvuvukala okwenza izicubu zigcwale ama-neutrophils, ama-macrophage namanye amaseli egazi. Izici ezahlukahlukene ezisebenza ngokwahlukana noma ngokuhlanganyela kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo zengqondo:
- izifo ezithathelwanayo
- izimuncagazi
- neoplasms
- i-metabolic disorder (hyperadrenocorticism, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela),
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingezona ze-steroidal ezilwa nokuvuvukala.
Ukulimala kwe-renal glomerular okuyisisekelo kuholela ekwandeni kwezicubu nesifo sezinso. IGlomerulonephritis iyimbangela ejwayelekile yokuhluleka kwezinso. Izinja zibuye zithuthukise ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo futhi kuphakama umfutho wegazi. Lesi sifo singenzeka ezinjeni zanoma ibuphi ubudala, ukuzala nobulili.
Isifo sezinso esivuvukelayo ezinjeni asiqhamuki emtholampilo kusenesikhathi, kanti lesi sifo kwesinye isikhathi sitholakala ngengozi kusuka lapho kuhlolwa umchamo welebhu. Izimpawu ze-pathology zithintwa ukuqina kwe-protein expretion kumchamo. Izinja zikhombisa ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala ekuqaleni kokuvuvukala. Njengoba kuqala ukulimala kwezinso, izimpawu zokwehluleka ziqala ukuvela:
- polyuria
- ukoma,
- edema engqondo
- ukwehla kwesisu,
- ukuhlanza
- ukukhathala
- dyspnea,
- i-retinal hemorrhage kanye nokungaboni.
Lapho uhlaziya umchamo, kutholakala okuqukethwe ngamaprotheni amaningi, okubuye kube yisici sezifo zephethini lomchamo, isimila nemizimba yangaphandle. Kepha kulezi zifo, ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi endaweni yokuchama nakho kuyisici. Isici esibonakalayo se-glomerulonephritis yi-proteinuria ngaphandle kokudonswa umchamo.. Kepha esigabeni sekwephuzile, lapho iningi lama-glomeruli libandakanyeka kwinqubo ye-pathological, i-protein protein ingancipha.
Imbangela ye-proteinuria ingabonakala nge-electrophoresis yomchamo noma yegazi. Kusetshenziswa ama-x-ray nama-ultrasound ukuthola izinguquko zezimpawu cishe akunakwenzeka. Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-ultrasound, kwenziwa i-biopsy yezinso, okudingeka ukukhipha i-amyloidosis.
Ukwelashwa kwe-glomerulonephritis kudinga ushintsho kokuqukethwe nokondliwa kwenja. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukusebenza ngokomzimba, ukuhlinzeka isilwane ngegumbi elifudumele nelomile. Ukudla kusetshenziswa okuphakelayo ngamaprotheni amaningi. Ngosuku lokuqala nolwesibili, kunconywa ukunquma ukudla okufanele. Futhi-ke kancane kancane ukudla okugayayo ngaphandle kwe-sodium chloride kufakwa kancane kancane ekudleni.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ekwelashweni ukucindezelwa kwempendulo yokuzivikela komzimba:
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-glucocorticoid kufakwe phakathi ekutholaka kwe-nitrogen kumchamo. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kuze kube yilapho izinga lamaprotheni egazini libuyiselwa bese linyamalala ngomchamo.
Ama-antibiotic nama-cephalosporins anqunyelwe izinqubo ezibalulekile zokutheleleka. Izinja zinikezwa i-ampicillin, oxacillin, azithromycin, kefzol, cefamezin. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ze-sulfa. Lapho kunezimpawu zegazi emchini, izilwane zinikezwa izidakamizwa eziphezulu kakhulu. Izinja zinqunywe i-aminocaproic acid, vicasol, dicinone, calcium chloride, calcium gluconate.
Yini okufanele uyenze ukuze ulondoloze impilo yezinso?
1. Ungavumeli ukuthintana nabahamba ngezinyawo, inocrate futhi uphathe i-anthelmintic prophylaxis ngesikhathi. Bheka ngokucophelela isimo samazinyo nezinsini - ukuvuvukala okungapheli komzimba womlomo kuhlala kuthinta umsebenzi wezinso.
2. Cabanga ngokucophelela ngokudla kwakho. Ukuphefumula, kanye nokukhuluphala, kulimaza izinso. Ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokugaya ukudla kuyimbangela eqondile yezifo eziningi zezinso, ikakhulukazi ezinjeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu. Ingxenye yamaprotheni, ukudla okushibhile, ukudla okungafanele kwesisu senja - lokhu kungumthwalo omkhulu ezinso.
3. Thela inja kuphela ngamanzi asemabhodleleni noma ahlanziwe. Qiniseka ukuthi isilwane sakho asihlushwa ukoma.
4. Gwema ukugcinwa komchamo. Hambani okungenani izikhathi ezi-3 ngosuku okungenani imizuzu engama-30, ngaphandle kwezimo zezulu.
5. Ungavumeli ukwehla komsebenzi. Ukuqeqesha ngehora okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto.
6. Gwema hypothermia, okusalungiswa. Izinja ezindala ngenkathi ebandayo kufanele zigqoke. Ungavumeli isilwane sakho silale kwi-tile eduze kwe fan.
7. Musa ukusebenzisa imicu yezintambo, izinsimbi zentamo, amabala aqinile kanye nejerk. Izitsha kufanele zimi endaweni yokuma, cishe ngezinga lesifuba sesilwane. Fundisa imiyalo yenja yakho ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi udonse ukuvuza. Ukuthwalwa komgogodla emgogodleni wesibeletho kuholela ekusukeni kwezinso, ukuphuma komchamo, ukuphuma kwethambo lezinzwa nemithambo yegazi, nokuhlinzekelwa kwegazi ezinsweni kuya kwehla (ukuxhumana kwe-Reflex).
Imiphumela ebuhlungu ingabangelwa ukushaya endaweni lapho izinso zezinja zitholakala khona (ngaphansi kwesisu, i-croup, ohlangothini oluseduze kwe-groin). Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokulimala noma okuncane, kubalulekile ukukhombisa isilwane kudokotela. Ukuhlaselwa kungenzeka kungabi namandla, kepha kungahle kwanele ekusebenzeni kahle kwethambo, okuzobonakala ngemuva kwezinyanga ngisho neminyaka.
Ezimweni eziningi, isifo sezinso asikwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele: lesi sifo siyaqhubeka noma singena kwifomu elingamahlalakhona. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokusebenza okuncane kokulashwa ukuhambela komtholampilo okungafanele. Ukugwema ukulahlekelwa isikhathi esibalulekile, kwanele ukuthatha ukuhlolwa komchamo kwe-biochemistry kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, awudingi ngisho nokuyisa isilwane sakho kudokotela: ekuseni bafake imbiza - bahambisa umchamo emtholampilo - ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva bathatha imiphumela. Ngakho-ke lesi sifo sizotholwa sisekuqaleni kwesigaba, futhi ngisho nenja enso elilodwa, uma kususwa kudingeka, ingaphila iminyaka emide ejabulisayo. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kuzokubambezela ukukhula kwesifo sezinso esingapheli (ukungakwaneli), kuqede ukuvuvukala okungabalulekile kuze kube manje.
I-Pyelonephritis
Lesi sifo sinemvelaphi ethelelekayo - imvamisa amagciwane asakazeka ngemithambo yegazi, uma kungenzeki kaningi ukusakazeka kwenzeka ngomzila we-lympho native. Ngokuvamile, i-pyelonephritis ezinjeni izinza ngenxa ye-pathologies yezinye izitho zokuzala. I-pathology inqunyelwa yizilwane ezinengcindezi ekhuphukayo ku-renal pelvis (ubunzima bokuphuma komchamo), ngomunye umsebenzi we-renal ophazamisekile, kanye nangemva kwe-hypothermia.
Isimo somtholampilo sefomu elinamandla:
- imfiva,
- isilinganiso senhliziyo,
- ukuphefumula okujulile, njalo,
- asikho isifiso sokudla
- ukukhathala.
Uhlobo olungapheli lwe-pyelonephritis lubonakala ngezikhathi zokuxhamazela, lapho kuvela izibonakaliso, kepha azikhulunywa kanjalo. Okujwayelekile izinguquko ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwezitho zofuzo. Ekhaleni le-lumbar, kuphakama impendulo ebuhlungu, futhi izinja zizwa izinhlungu ngenkathi zichama, umchamo uthululwa ezingxenyeni ezincane, isilwane sivame ukuguqula ukuma kwesikhumba, bese sikhanye.
Umchamo uqukethe ukungcola okuhlukahlukene - igazi, ubomvu, ukuqubuka. Lapho utadisha umgodi wokuchama, inani elikhulu lamaseli abomvu egazi, i-epithelium ye-renal tubules, i-leukocytes, amagciwane atholakala kulo. Ukuqina komchamo kukhuphuke, okuqukethwe ngamaphrotheni. Ukucacisa ukutholakala kwezifo, kwenziwa i-scanner ye-ultrasound ne-MRI scan.
Ukwelashwa, ama-antibiotic adalulwa yizinso ngaphandle kwezinguquko esibindini kufanele asetshenziswe.
Isilwane esigulayo savunyelwa ukuba siphumule, sibekwe egumbini elifudumele, sigwema i-hypothermia. Ngezinsuku zokuqala zokwelashwa ezinja, inja ichazwa ukuthi idliwe yindlala. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukudla okugaywayo okunothile ngamaprotheni futhi ompofu kushukela nosawoti kufakiwe ekudleni.
Ukucindezela i-microflora, kuyadingeka ukwenza inkambo yokwelapha nge-antimicrobial. Izidakamizwa zokukhetha:
- ampicillin
- i-amooticillin
- tetracycline
- trimethoprim,
- indoda.
Ukwelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane nama-sulfonamides kuhlala amasonto ayi-1-2. Ngaphambi kokuqala isifundo, kunconywa ukwenza isiko lamagciwane lokuzwela ama-antibacterial agents. Uma kungekho umphumela omuhle, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushintshe ukwelashwa.
Izinkimbinkimbi zezindlela zokwelapha empeleni zifaka i-diuretics. Izinja zifakwa nge-saline kanye ne-esikhundleni se-plasma. Njengama-diuretic izidakamizwa, i-dicarb, i-lasix, irolesan asetshenziswa.
Isifo sezinso esingavimbeli ukuvuvukala
Lezi zifo zibonakaliswa wukushintshwa kwe-dystrophic kwezicubu ngokubandakanyeka okukhulu kwezimbumbulu zesendlalelo sobuchopho. Ezimweni ezinzima futhi ezingalapheki, i-pathology iba yi-sclerosis lapho izicubu ezithintekayo zithatha isikhundla se-parenchyma yezinso. Izimbangela ze-pathology:
- isifo sezinso esiyinhloko ezinjeni,
- i-arsenic, lead, ubuthi be-zinc,
- ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin, i-sulfonamides, izidakamizwa ze-hormonal,
- i-systemic pathologies
- amatshe ezinso ezinjeni
- isifo se-metabolic.
Ezinjeni ezigulayo, ukudangala, ukwehla kwenzalo ekudleni nasekubambeni ngamandla kuyabonakala. Imvamisa kuba nohlelo lokugaya olucasukile. Lapho i-pathology iqhubeka, izimpawu zokuhluleka kwe-renal ziqala ukuvela - i-edema yezicubu ezithambile, ikakhulukazi emisebeni nasezindaweni eziphansi, ukushaya okwedlulele, ukugcwala okubuthakathaka. Imvamisa kukhona ukwanda kwe-nervous excitability, okuhambisana nokukhishwa.
Isigaba sokuqala sibonisa ngokuncipha kokuchama, umchamo uba mnene. Kodwa njengoba i-pathology iqhubeka, usizi lomchamo luyancipha (kuya ku-1.001 g / l), ukukhuphuka kwe-diuresis, kanye nezindawo zokushintsha komchamo.
- ukuhlanza
- i-eczema esikhunjeni, ukulunywa,
- ulwelwesi lwama-mucous luba yinto yokukhanya komhlaba,
- ukuvuvukala kwemikhawulo,
- dyspnea,
- ukwenza buthaka komsebenzi wenhliziyo.
Isici esibonakalayo ukwehla okuqinile kobukhulu bomchamo ngokuchama njalo. Lapho uhlola umchamo, amaprotheni, i-epithelium, amaseli amancane egazi, amasilinda atholakala kuwo. Ekuxilongeni, kusetshenziswa i-ultrasound ne-biopsy yezinso.
Ukwelashwa kufanele kuhloswe ukuqeda i-pathology eyisisekelo futhi kunxephezele umsebenzi wezinso. Ukwelashwa kuncike esakhiweni sobuntu. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka unobuthi, ukwelashwa kwe-antitoxic kwenziwa - kwenziwa ama-antidote athile, ama-adsorbents, ama-diuretics, izixazululo zomzimba ziyafakwa.
Ukucindezela ukutheleleka, kufanele:
- imishanguzo (i-tetracycline, i-amooticillin),
- sulfonamides (sulfatrimethoprim, sulfadimesin),
- ama-immunostimulants (i-interferon, i-mixoferon).
I-Perinephral blockade isebenza kahle. I-Novocaine ifakwe izicubu ezinamafutha ezizungeze izinso esifundeni se-lumbar. Ama-antibiotic anconywa kanye ne-novocaine.
Imvamisa, i-nephrossteosis ihambisana nokuphulwa kohlelo lokugaya ukudla. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-laxatives, ama-adsorbents wokuhlanza ipheshana lesisu. Ukudla okuninganiselwe kunqunyelwe, futhi ngosuku lokuqala lokwelashwa kunconywa ukuthi ungondli inja nhlobo. Ngemuva kwalokho faka amalungiselelo we-enzymatic, ama-antiseptic agents.
I-Renen adenocarcinoma
Lokhu ukwakheka okuyingozi ezinjeni, kuthinta izinso zombili kanye nesici sokusakazeka kwe-metastases. Lesi sifo siyivelakancane. Amadoda amadala asebekhulile abekelwe lokho; emalungeni, i-pathology ibonwa kaningi kakhulu. Isimila sikhula isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwesithombe somtholampilo, khona-ke izinguquko ezingezona ezikhethekile ziyabukwa:
- ukulahleka kwesifiso,
- ukukhathala
- ubuqili,
- igazi emchameni
- i-pallor of ulwelwesi lwama-mucous nesikhumba.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa ukwehla kwe-hemoglobin nokubalwa kweseli elibomvu. Amapharamitha we-biochemical yegazi ngokuvamile angaguquki. Emchamweni, kutholakala igazi namaprotheni amaningi.
Ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa, i-biopsy yezinso iyadingeka ukukhipha ezinye i-pathologies futhi ihlukanise isimila. Isifuba se-x-ray siyadingeka ukuthola ama-metastases wamaphaphu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound kwezimbobo zesisu kanye ne-pelvic kungambula ukubandakanyeka kwama-lymph node.
Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kuvinjelwa ukulimala kaningi kuzo zombili izinso, kepha inja ingalashwa kuphela isilonda sezinso isebenzisa le ndlela. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye nama-chemotherapeutic agents enza kuphela umsebenzi osizayo. Kepha ngisho nangayo yonke inkimbinkimbi yezindlela zokwelapha, akuvamile ukuba sandise impilo yesilwane isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Njengama-asiza asizayo, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ukunakekelwa nokondla, okuzovumela futhi ukwenza ngcono impilo yezilwane zasekhaya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule.