Isifo sonyawo kanye nomlomo (I-Eremias arguta Gmelin. 1789) - inhlobo ebanzi nezinhlobo eziningi zohlobo lwe-Eremias. ngihlala ezindaweni ezomile nezomile eziqhamuka enyakatho-mpumalanga yeRomania entshonalanga kuya eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeMongolia empumalanga. E-Russia, izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zifaka izifunda eziseningizimu yengxenye yaseYurophu ngaphakathi kwesifunda saseMiddle kanye neLower Don. I-Lower Volga neNyakatho Caucasus.

Isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo siyisilwane esiphakathi, esinomzimba ogxilwe ngokuqinile size sibe ngama-75-85 mm ubude. Umzimba umbozwe okusanhlamvu okuncane, izikali ezibushelelezi. Ngaphansi kwesihlangu se-orbital, ayithinti onqenqemeni lomlomo futhi ihlukaniswe izihlangu ezingaphezulu zelebhu. Phakathi kwesikweletu se-supraorbital nesiphakeme sesayensi kunemigqa engu-1-2 yokusanhlamvu. Isihlangu samakhala esingaphambili sinye, futhi ubude baso bungaphansi kobubanzi (lesi silinganiso, njengomthetho, 0.54-0.96). Izihlangu zeMandibular 4 noma 5, imvamisa kunokwengeziwe. Isikali somphimbo sigqoka kwesilinganiso sesithathu se-mandibular noma isibili. Umlenze ongezansi umbozwe ngemigqa emithathu emide yemikhawulo. Izihlangu zangaphandle zinkulu kunazo zonke. Inani lama-pores femoral awafinyeleli emadolweni.

Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba wesifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo lupendiwe ngombala onsomi noma onsundu. Iphethini kubantu abadala yenziwe ngemigqa yamachashazi ahlelwe isikhathi eside amnyama enziwe ngombala omnyama ngemuva kwempunga emsulwa. Izinyawo phezulu nezin amabala amakhulu amakhulu azungezwe umugqa omnyama. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral lumhlophe. Ebantwaneni abasha, emuva kunemigqa emide yamehlo imhlophe, imvamisa inomucu olula eceleni kogu.
Isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo sihlala esihlabathini esingagxiliwe futhi singenamandla. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, njengomthetho, bazama ukubalekela futhi baphephe endaweni yokukhosela eseduze. Ngesikhathi sokugijima kwe-zigzag, athuthukisa isivinini esikhulu, aphakamisa isiqu nomsila. Lesi sifo esibanjwa inyawo kanye nomlomo sizama ukugqashula futhi silume isitebhisi, njengamanye amabhungane, siphonsa umsila waso.

KHAWULA IZIMBALI Umbala

Njengamaphephelo isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo isebenzisa imisele yayo, evame ukuyimba ngaphansi kwezihlahlana zezihlahla. Okungenayo kuyinto okusaqanda. Ukungena komgodi kungaba nokuchayeka, noma kunjalo, eningizimu inqoba ngandlela thile. Esihlabathini, ukujula kwe-pore kungafinyelela ku-30 ​​cm ubude besifo sohlangothi esingu-15- 35 cm. Ngaphezu kwesakho, isifo sonyawo nomlomo sivame ukusebenzisa imisele yokubamba, imifantu yomhlabathi, imidumba yotshani nezihlahla njengezindawo zokuhlala okwesikhashana.
Ngokwemvelo, isifo esisebenza ezinyaweni nangomlomo enyakatho yebanga sithathwa kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli kuya engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Okthoba, naseningizimu kusuka maphakathi no-Mashi kuya ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo, ama-lizons angavame ukutholakala kusuka emahoreni ayi-10 kuye kwayi-16 emazingeni okushisa omoya we + 12 ° C nangaphezulu. Ukuphuma kwezilwane ezindaweni zokukhosela ehlobo kubhekwa cishe amahora angama-7, inani lemihlangano landa kakhulu ngamahora ayi-14, emva kwalokho ukuncishiswa kwawo kwaphawulwa. Nge-17 h, umsebenzi wokuphindayo uyanda futhi. Esimweni sezulu esinamafu emazingeni okushisa aphansi (+ 12-15 ° C), abantu abangakakhanyi abangakashadi bavela ku-9 h, futhi lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka liye kufika ku-+ 18 C C nangaphezulu), naphezu komugqa omanzi, umsebenzi wezilwane uyaqala. Izinga lokushisa le-substrate ngesikhathi somsebenzi omkhulu wezibankwa zisukela ku +22 kuya ku +31 ° C.

Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesifo esinezinyawo ezinamabala amaningi nomlomo siqala ngemuva nje kokushiya izindawo zokugcina ubusika, bese kubekwa amaqanda ngoMeyi-Juni. Isikhathi sokuzala isikhathi eside kakhulu esikhathini izifo ezinemibala yonyawo nomlomo sibukeka sihlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa kwama-follicles angafani ngasikhathi sinye ngamaqembu ahlukahlukene yobudala.
Ku-clutch kukhona amaqanda asukela ku-2 kuya ku-7,5,5,5,5 mm ubukhulu futhi enesisindo esingu-0,35-0.50 g. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda emiseleni noma ebumba ngokukhethekile izimbobo ekujuleni kuka-6-10 cm lapho kumanzi khona ngokwanele futhi kufudumele kahle
izindawo zelanga. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wonke amaqanda abekwa endaweni evundlile.
Isikhathi sokufuduka, ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, sisuka ezinsukwini ezingama-45 kuye kwezingu-60. Ukuvela kwezingane zonyaka onesibambo kanye nomsila ubude obungamamitha angama-25- 34 nama-36-41 mm, ngokulandelana, kanti isisindo esingama-0.4 g sesibonakele kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala kaJulayi.

Njengamalungu amaningi ohlobo, isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo ikakhulukazi engavikeleki. Isisulu saso silawulwa ngamabhungane, iLepidoptera neHymenoptera, kanye nezimbungulu, i-Orthoptera, iDiptera. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezimila ekudleni kwaphawulwa.
Ukuze ugcine umbhangqwana isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo ithala eliphansi elinomthamo wamalitha angama-30 kufanelekile. engenziwa nge-aquarium evamile. Njengoba lezi zilwane zitholakala kakhulu kuma-biotopes ezinesihlabathi, phansi kwethala kumele kuboshwe ngesihlabathi ngesendlalelo okungenani esingu-10 cm: ukuthambisa kwesihlabathi kusuka ngezansi kuyadingeka. Ngokufafaza njalo, ungakwenza ngaphandle kwesitsha sokuphuza, noma kunjalo, kungakuhle ukukufaka, ngoba isifo sonyawo nomlomo kwesinye isikhathi siphuza ngokuzithandela futhi sibuye sithathe izinqubo zamanzi. Njengezindawo zokukhosela, ungafaka amagatsha ezihlahla, i-driftwood.
Izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele ligcinwe lingakapheli + 22-30 ° C, ubusuku - 4-6 ° ephansi. Kwelinye lamakhona emathaji, kufanele kumiswe isibani ukuze kufudumele umhlabathi ufike kuma-32 ° C. Umswakama we-Optimum osondele ku-60%.

KHAWULA IZIMBALI Umbala

Ngaphansi kwezimo zeFie, izintando zesifo esinezinyawo ezinamabala amaningi nomlomo zingondliwa cishe nganoma yikuphi ukudla okuphilayo, okukhona usayizi: amakhethini, amaqhude, izimbungulu, izibungu, nezibungu zesidlo sikafulawa. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwengeza i-trnvitamin ne-calcium glycerophosphate ku-feed. Kuyadingeka ukondla nsuku zonke ngesilinganiso samakhilikithi amancane angu-3-5 umuntu ngamunye.

Lapho kukhona okungenani umbhangqwana owodwa nokudla okuhle okugcwele, kungalindeleka ukwenziwa kabusha. Ukuze bavuse izilwane, bahlela “ubusika” (bokwehlisa izinga lokushisa ligcine ku-8-12 ° C). Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3, izinga lokushisa ku-terrarium landa kancane kancane, futhi izakhamuzi zalo zinikezwa ukudla kokuqala.
Ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngemuva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu, isikhathi sokuzala siqala: owesilisa usukela ngokulangazelela insikazi, emva kwalokho iminonjana yamazinyo yakhe ihlala esiswini sowesifazane, okhalweni nasemsileni. Emavikini lamatsatfu kuye ku-4 ngemuva kwekutsata, insikazi ifaka emacandza lamabili kuya kulangu-7 ngemkhonteni noma emgodini lokwembiwe.
Ngokushisa kwe-30 ° C, ukufakwa kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili. Ovuthiwe ngocansi isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo iba ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila onosayizi womzimba ongama-48 mm noma ngaphezulu.

Ukubukeka

Isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo esitholakala e-Anapa kulula kakhulu ukusithola, ngoba ubukhulu baso bungafinyelela amasentimitha ayishumi, futhi uma ungeza ubude bomsila, uthola wonke amasentimitha angama-20. Isidumbu simbozwe yizikali ezincane, ikhanda limbozwe ngezihlangu ezinkulu. Ekuvikelweni kwangaphandle, ukwahlukanisa okuhlala isikhathi eside kuyabonakala, ukuvuleka kwempumulo kubonakala kahle. Isibaya sikhombe, imihlathi inamazinyo.

Ngemuva kwesigcilikili kumbozwe izindawo ezimnyama, kwesinye isikhathi ungabona imifudlana ekhanyayo. Konke lokhu kufihlakala kuyadingeka ukuze kufihlwe. Izinyoni ezidla inyama, ezingagxili ekudleni isifo sonyawo nomlomo, zilahlekelwa inyamazane ekhangayo kusuka ekuphakameni kwendiza.

Imikhuba

Isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, lesi sifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo sichitha imvubu. Lapho nje ilanga e-Anapa liqala ukufudumala, lesi sivuno saso sisebenza amandla aso ngendlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Sekusele amasonto angama-2-3 ngemuva kokuqashwa, abesilisa bakha uhlelo lokucinga ngomakoti abazoza. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, isifo sonyawo nomlomo sibekela amaqanda amancane amasentimitha ngesihlabathi esishisayo nesishisayo. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi izindawo ezinesihlabathi ze-Anapa zingenye yezindawo eziyintandokazi yokuhlala. Isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo sakha ama-minks ezindaweni zokugcina izihlabathi phakathi kwezimpande zezitshalo. Imvamisa, imifantu emhlabathini, imigqa yakudala yamagundane noma ezinye izingulule kufanelekile ukubalekela. Imvamisa izinyoka zihlukanisa imbobo eyodwa zibe ngabantu ababili.

Isibungu sidla izinambuzane, izimbungulu, iminenke, amabhu kanye novemvane. Qaphela ukuthi isifo sonyawo nomlomo sinokuzwa okuhle futhi sisebenzisa lesi sipho semvelo ekuzingeleni okuphumelelayo. Lapho izwa ibhungane liqhuma ngamahlamvu omile, imvelo iya ngomsindo ngokushesha, ibona inyamazane, umzingeli ngokushesha ugwinya ukudla okufunayo.

Naphezu kwesimo sokuphinga, ziningi izitha kulesi sifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo e-Anapa. I-heroine yethu ayinqabuki ekudleni izinyoni, izinja, izimpungushe nezinyoni zasolwandle.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ochwepheshe bathi phakathi nomsebenzi wabo osebenza izinyanga ezinhlanu ngonyaka, isifo esinezinyawo ezinemibala eminingi sishintsha isikhumba saso kathathu. Ezindundwini zasogwini ungabona izingubo ezigqokile zesilokotho sethu.

Isibungu esinemibala eminingi, sihlala ngempumelelo ekhaya. Ukuphamba isifo sonyawo nomlomo, kuyadingeka ukusibeka endaweni enamanzi olwandle futhi kuphinde kubuyele izimo lapho ziphila khona emvelweni. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi amaphela ekudleni kwesilwane sakho esifuywayo kuzodingeka ukuthi abanjwe azihlalele.

13.06.2018

Isibankwa esinemibala ehlukahlukene (i-lat. Eremias arguta) singamalungu omndeni we-Real lizards (Lacertidae). Yachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka ka-1773 ngudokotela wezilwane waseJalimane noPeter Pallas ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwakhe eya ezifundazweni eziseningizimu zoMbuso WaseRussia. Kutholwe ibhungane kuye endaweni eyomile ethafeni laseCaspian.

Isidlakela sathola igama lesiLatini ukuhlonipha umprofethi ongumHeberu uJeremiya. Ngokubonakala kwayo nokuziphatha kwayo, ifana ne-lizard evamile yodonga (Podarcis muralis). Isilwane esiphilayo sinejubane lejubane lokuhamba futhi sivumelana kalula nokuphila okukudingisiwe.

Ukusatshalaliswa

Indawo le ihlanganisa isifunda soLwandle Olumnyama ukusuka enyakatho-mpumalanga yeRomania kuya eCaucasus. Izakhamizi zaseYurophu zihlala ezindundumeni zesihlabathi zeDanube Delta, ezifundeni zaseMoldova, e-Ukraine naseningizimu yeRussia. Isifo esinezinyawo ezinemibala eminingana futhi sibuye sande eCentral Asia, eMongolia nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeChina.

Kuze kube manje, izingcingo ezi-6 ziyaziwa. Okubhalwayo okuyiNcwadi Engcwele E.a. i-argute itholakala ikakhulu entshonalanga yeKazakhstan. Uhlobo luhlelwe ku-Red Book of Moldova, Armenia, Turkmenistan nase-Armenia.

Isibungu sihlala emaqeleni, ogwadule, ogwadule oluyizikhathi ezithile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile amahlathi asemaqeleni. EGeorgia, Tajikistan naseKyrgyzstan, ibonwa ekuphakameni okufika kumamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ukuziphatha

I-reptile ihlala yodwa. Umsebenzi ubonakaliswa ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa. Njengendawo yokukhosela, i-reptile isebenzisa imisele esekwe kwezinye izilwane noma imifantu emhlabathini. Enhlabathini enesihlabathi, angazikhipha ngokwakhe indawo yokuhlala. Ukubalekela izisulu, ukuzama ukucasha emahlahleni aseduze.

Isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo siyakwazi ukudonsa umswakama ovela ebusweni besikhumba.

Uyayiqoqa ebusuku esuka ezindongeni ze-mink yakhe noma adonse amazolo ekuseni. Uyakwazi ukuphuza amanzi ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezifundeni eziningi zohla kunqabukela.

Abamele le nhlobo bangena ekubandakanyeni ngo-Okthoba nangoNovemba, futhi ukuvuka kwentwasahlobo kwenzeka kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli. Ukudla kusekelwe kwizintuthwane, izicabucabu, izintethe, izimbungulu nezimpukane.

Ukuzala

Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni yobudala eyodwa. Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwesinye isikhathi siqala ezinsukwini eziyi-15-20 ngemuva kokushiya ubusika. Lapho esethole amandla kabusha, ezihuquzelayo ziqala ukuzala. Mating ibonwa kusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, insikazi ingenza ubumbili.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ku-clutch eyodwa kukhona amaqanda ama-4 kuye kwayi-10 akala ama-15x7 mm.

Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-47-56 emazingeni okushisa nsuku zonke angama-25 ° -28 ° C. Izingane ezisacathula kusuka phakathi kuka-Meyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ubude bomzimba wabo kanye nomsila ngu-5-6 cm.

Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwabo, izingane ziyahlakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukene zifuna ukubaba. Okokuqala, izibankwa zidla izimbungulu nezintuthwane ezincane, bese kancane kancane zidlulela kwisidalwa esiphilayo esikhudlwana.

Ngokufanelekile, i-Eremias argute kufanele ihlukaniswe ihlukile. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo aziyona eyamanani wezilwane zenhlalo, kepha ekudingisweni ziyabekezelelana. Uma enye yezilwane ezifuywayo iqala ukucindezela enye, khona-ke kufanele ihlaliswe ngokushesha okukhulu.

I-terrarium okungenani amalitha angama-30 iyadingeka ngeabili. Isihlabathi esinobukhulu obungama-8-15 cm sithululelwa ezansi ukuze isilwane sibe nethuba lokumba kuso. Isihlabathi sidinga ukuthanjiswa njalo. Musa ukubeka amatshe noma ezinye izinto ezisindayo kuso. Bangabhala phansi isilwanyana esidliwayo esigoqayo.

I-terrarium ifakwe ngamakhona ahlukene okuphumula nokufudumeza. Umswakama onconyiwe ngu-50-60%. Emini, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ku-25 ° C-35 ° C, futhi ebusuku lingakwehliswa liye ku-10 ° C. Umehluko onjalo ulingisa ubukhona bezimo zemvelo. Ebusika, kuyadingeka ukubiza i-hibernation yezinyanga ezintathu zokwenziwa, kwehlise izinga lokushisa libe ngu-4 ° C.

Entwasahlobo yamazibuko aphaphayo, kuyathandeka ukwengeza ngamadijithi ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo akufanele ihlale ngaphezu kwemizuzwana engama-30. Kancane kancane, ubude baso buguqulwa bube imizuzu engama-4-5, emva kwalokho iphinde incishiswe nsuku zonke ngemizuzwana engama-30. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, i-irradiation iyaphindwa maphakathi nehlobo kanye nekwindla yokuqala.

Izilwane ezifuywayo zingamakhethini okondliwayo, amaphuphu kanye neempuphu zikafulawa. Kanye njalo emavikini amabili, kufakwa izithasiselo zamaminerali kanye namavithamini ekudleni.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala bufika ku-8-11 cm. Iziduna zikhulu kancane kunabesifazane. Isici esibonakalayo ukuba khona kwesiqu esikhulu noma umsila omfishane.

Umbala wangemuva unesihlabathi noma onsundu okhanyayo, ovame ukungamnqumo noma uluhlaza okotshani. Amabala amhlophe asatshalaliswa ngokuqina emzimbeni wonke, ngemivimbo emnyama nansundu emnyama. Ukubhalwa ngakunye kunokwehlukahluka okuningi kwamaphethini akhiwe yibo ngezimo ezinhlobonhlobo kanye "namehlo".

Izinzwani zamalumbo zihlome ngezihlakala. Izindawo ezikhanyayo nezimnyama zibonakala kahle kuma-paws. Isibalo sezinsikazi sibanzi futhi sikhulu ngokwengeziwe, futhi umbala uhlukile futhi uqhakazile.

Isifiso sokuphila kwesifo esinemibala eminingi sonyawo nomlomo endle yiminyaka engu-2-3.

Izimpawu zangaphandle zesifo esinezinyawo ezinemibala eminingi nezomlomo

Lesi sifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo sinomzimba omncane, ominyene ongama-6-7.8 cm ubude nomsila ongu-7-10.7 cm ubude.Ikhanda ligqamile, linonogada bezindlebe ezivuvukala.

Izivikelo ze-ventral zilele emzimbeni emigqeni ye-oblique longitudinal. Isikali se-Supraorbital esinezinhlamvu ezincane. Ukugoba kwe-infraorbital akuthinti onqenqemeni lomlomo. Phakathi kwemikhuba yangaphambi kokuqala akukho scutellum encane eyengeziwe. Pakati komzimba - izikali ezingama-37-64. Engxenyeni engenhla yomsila, izikali zibushelelezi, kwesinye isikhathi ziboshwe kancane.

Umbala wohlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba buffy, grey, yellow yellow, brown. Izikhala zabantu abadala zihlotshiswe ngephethini ngesimo sezindawo ezingejwayelekile ezimnyama eziqoqwe ngemichilo eshintshashintshashintshashintshashintshi, noma amachashazi akhanyayo namachashaza anezikhala, noma emuva limbozwe ngemigqa yezindawo ezinamaringi ayindilinga emngceleni omnyama, noma amabala akhanyayo ahlelwe ngokungahleliwe. Umbala nephethini engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wesigcilikisha kunqunywa isizinda somhlabathi ozungezile ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo izilwane ezihuquzelayo. Isisu simhlophe. Ngaphezulu kwemilenze kukhona izindawo eziyindilinga ezikhanyayo emngceleni omnyama. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane.

Izici zokuziphatha kwezifo ezinemibala eminingi yezinyawo nezomlomo

Izifo ezinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo ocasha ezindaweni zokukhosela, zisebenzisa le njongo zikhala ngaphansi kwamadwala, imisele yemicibisholo ehlukahlukene nezinye izilwane ezigebayo, imifantu emhlabathini. Kulezo ezihuquzelayo zicasha ezitheni, kuthi ebusika hibernate, ehlobo zichitha ubusuku eduze komnyango womgodi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo sonyawo nomlomo ngokwaso siyakwazi ukumba nokumbopha izindinyana ngaphansi komhlaba kuze kube ngu-70 cm ubude nama-35 cm ajule.

Umsebenzi wokumba izilobe ezincane uyaqhubeka phakathi nesikhathi sasehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani elikhulu lezimbobo livela ngomnyango ovulekile, oboshwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla eziluhlaza okotshani, ukufakwa kwamazinyo amancane, okulinywe yimichilo yomlilo. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, isifo sonyawo nomlomo esinemibala eminingi singimba ngokushesha enhlabathini ngosizo lokuhamba ngokuqinile komzimba wonke.

Umnotho wezinhlobo

Uhlobo luhlukaniswe ngama-subspecies ayi-6 alandelayo, ahlukile, ikakhulukazi, ngezinhlobo zombala womzimba ochazwe ngenhla nezinkomba zobukhulu:

1. I-Eremias arguta arguta Pallas, 1773 - isatshalaliswa entshonalanga neKazakhstan.
2. I-Eremias arguta deserti Gmelin, 1789 - ithatha yonke ingxenye esentshonalanga yebanga ukusuka eMfuleni i-Ural empumalanga iya empumalanga yeCiscaucasia eningizimu-ntshonalanga.
3. I-Eremias arguta transcaucasica Darevsky, 1953 - empumalanga yeTranscaucasia.
4. I-Eremias arguta uzbekistanica Cernov, 1934 - Uzbekistan kanye nezifunda zemingcele eziseningizimu yeKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan naseTajikistan.
5. I-Eremias arguta darevskii Tsaruk, 1986 - Issyk-Kul Basin eKyrgyzstan.
6. U-Eremias arguta potanini Bedriaga, 1912 - Balkhash kanye noZaysan ukucindezelwa eKazakhstan.

Umsoco

Idla ikakhulu zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane namanye ama-invertebrates amancane, phakathi kwawo amabhungane, ama-orthopterans, izintuthwane, amacimbi, amadigri, nezicabucabu zihamba phambili cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Amapulangwe amancane adliwayo kanye nama-mollusks. Ngokusobala, ukudla kwezitshalo nakho akuvamile ukusetshenziswa. Amacala akwantiwe okudla izibungu ezincane ayaziwa.

Izitha zesifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo

Isikhova esincane esinjalo futhi esingenabungozi sinezitha eziningi. Izilwane ezifuywayo zingaphula kalula imisele engashoni, lapho kufihlwa khona isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo. Imvamisa lo mbala uba inyamazane yezinja, izinja, izimpungushe, izinyoni ezidla inyama. Endabeni yokuphilisana, ukuncintisana kungenzeka ohlangothini lwesikhala esikhulu esisheshayo.

Ubuningi kanye nemikhuba yawo

Inani lezinhlobo zezilwane liyaqhubeka ukwehla, yize ukushuba kwabantu bendawo kungaba phezulu futhi kufinyelele kubantu abangama-250 ngehektha elilodwa. Ngo-Ephreli 2006, e-Bugaz spit, abantu abafinyelela ku-50 kumamitha ayi-100 wendlela babalwa emithini, kuze kube ngabantu aba-5 nge-100 m yomzila ezinhlanganweni zamakhosi, nabantu abangashadile ezindaweni ezinosawoti omkhulu.

Izici zokunciphisa

Ukunyamalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane endaweni yaseTemryuk naseHut. Ukulima izingadi kuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi wokunisela. I-Stenotopicity kanye nokuncintisana okungekuhle yikhona okuyizinto ezivimbela kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo esifundeni. Isimo sezinhlobo sincike emathonyeni anthropic wesikhathi esisodwa.

Izindlela zokuphepha ezidingekile nezengeziwe

Ukuhleleka kwezindawo zokugcina ezindaweni ezifakwa ohlwini lwesifunda nokubalwa ngezikhathi zezilwane kuyadingeka.

Ngokufanelekile, i-Eremias argute kufanele ihlukaniswe ihlukile. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo aziyona eyamanani wezilwane zenhlalo, kepha ekudingisweni ziyabekezelelana. Uma enye yezilwane ezifuywayo iqala ukucindezela enye, khona-ke kufanele ihlaliswe ngokushesha okukhulu.

I-terrarium okungenani amalitha angama-30 iyadingeka ngeabili. Isihlabathi esinobukhulu obungama-8-15 cm sithululelwa ezansi ukuze isilwane sibe nethuba lokumba kuso. Isihlabathi sidinga ukuthanjiswa njalo. Musa ukubeka amatshe noma ezinye izinto ezisindayo kuso. Bangabhala phansi isilwanyana esidliwayo esigoqayo.

I-terrarium ifakwe ngamakhona ahlukene okuphumula nokufudumeza. Umswakama onconyiwe ngu-50-60%. Emini, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ku-25 ° C-35 ° C, futhi ebusuku lingakwehliswa liye ku-10 ° C. Umehluko onjalo ulingisa ubukhona bezimo zemvelo. Ebusika, kuyadingeka ukubiza i-hibernation yezinyanga ezintathu zokwenziwa, kwehlise izinga lokushisa libe ngu-4 ° C.

Entwasahlobo yamazibuko aphaphayo, kuyathandeka ukwengeza ngamadijithi ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo akufanele ihlale ngaphezu kwemizuzwana engama-30. Kancane kancane, ubude baso buguqulwa bube imizuzu engama-4-5, emva kwalokho iphinde incishiswe nsuku zonke ngemizuzwana engama-30. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, i-irradiation iyaphindwa maphakathi nehlobo kanye nekwindla yokuqala.

Izilwane ezifuywayo zingamakhethini okondliwayo, amaphuphu kanye neempuphu zikafulawa. Kanye njalo emavikini amabili, kufakwa izithasiselo zamaminerali kanye namavithamini ekudleni.

I-Habitat yesifo esinezinyawo onyawo nomlomo

Isifo esinemibala eminingi yezinyawo nezomlomo ezindaweni zaseYurophu sitholakala ikakhulu enhlabathini enesihlabathi, emabhishi nasezindundwini zolwandle, ezigodini zemifula ezinemifino engathandeki eyomile. Ezindaweni eziwugwadule kuphela, ihlala ikakhulu kubumba obukhulu, e-loamy, nakwezinye izindawo ezinenhlabathi enamadwala anamatshe.

Isikali emzimbeni wonyawo nesifo somlomo zinobumba, zibushelelezi nge-olive, brownish, brownish noma brown green.

Imvamisa, izifo ezithinta unyawo nomlomo ziningi ezitholakala esihlabathini ngamahlathi ephayini. Ezindaweni zezintaba, le nhlobo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ihlala ngaphansi kwezimo ze-stony inqunyelwe-utshani-okusanhlamvu kanye ne-alpine steppe, ekhuphuka ifike kumamitha ayi-2000-2200 ngaphezulu kolwandle. Imvamisa ukusuka kubantu abe-1 kuye kwabangu-60 ehektheleni ngalinye.

Indlela yokuphila

Ihlala kusuka ogwadule nasezinhlangwini ezingamaneno kuya ezintabeni. Kwezinye izindawo lingena ehlathini-steppe. Iyatholakala nasezintabeni, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2000. Imisele engaphansi yemijondolo enhlabathini ethambile. Ibuye isebenzise imisele yamathoyizi, izinduku, izimfudu kanye nokuqhekeka phansi. Ngesikhathi sokuphishekela, bacasha emahlahleni. Kuqala ebusika ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba - Novemba. Ehlobo kuyasebenza ekuseni nakusihlwa. Idla izintuthwane, izimbungulu, isikhonyane, izimbungulu, izimpukane, amacimbi, izicabucabu. Ku-clutch, amaqanda angama-3 ukuya ku-12 ubude angama-1-1.6 cm.amancanyana avela ngoMeyi - Juni, ubude bawo bomzimba buyi-2.8-3,5 cm.

Subtaxons

Ihlukaniswe kuma-subspecies alandelayo, ahlukile ngosayizi nombala ojwayelekile:

• I-Eremias arguta arguta Pallas 1773 - entshonalanga neKazakhstan
• I-Eremias arguta darevskii Tsaruk 1986 - esitsheni se-Issyk-Kul eKyrgyzstan
• I-Eremias arguta deserti Gmelin 1789 - engxenyeni esentshonalanga yebanga ukuya eMfuleni i-Ural empumalanga
• I-Eremias arguta potanini Bedriaga 1912 - emgodini weBalkhash naseZaysan eKazakhstan
• I-Eremias arguta transcaucasica Darewskij 1953 - empumalanga yeTranscaucasia
• I-Eremias arguta uzbekistanica Tschernow 1934 - e-Uzbekistan nemikhawulo yezindawo ezingumngcele zamazwe angomakhelwane

Lapho ungabona khona e-Anapa

Indawo elula ukubuka impilo yezingulule e-Anapa izindunduma zesihlabathi emabhishi aseDzhemete noma eVityazevo. Futhi, idlanzana labantu elihlala eduze komfula i-Anapka ePaki Yezingane. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi uma uzama ukuhlangana, ibhungane elahla umsila, ongase ushiywe njengesipho kuwe.

YABELANA NOKUFUNDA KWIZOBUCHWEPHESHE BOKUKHANYA KOMNYANGO WEZAKHONO WENGQONDO Wengeze i-athikili: I-RomanDate: 2012-07-14V. TABACHISHIN Saratov Varicoloured lizard (i-Eremias arguta Gmelin. 1789) iyindawo ebanzi nezinhlobo eziningi zohlobo lwe-Eremias. ngihlala ezindaweni ezomile nezomile eziqhamuka enyakatho-mpumalanga yeRomania entshonalanga kuya eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeMongolia empumalanga. E-Russia, izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zifaka izifunda eziseningizimu yengxenye yaseYurophu ngaphakathi kwesifunda saseMiddle kanye neLower Don. I-Lower Volga neNyakatho Caucasus.

Isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo siyisilwane esiphakathi, esinomzimba ogxilwe ngokuqinile size sibe ngama-75-85 mm ubude. Umzimba umbozwe okusanhlamvu okuncane, izikali ezibushelelezi. Ngaphansi kwesihlangu se-orbital, ayithinti onqenqemeni lomlomo futhi ihlukaniswe izihlangu ezingaphezulu zelebhu.

Phakathi kwesikweletu se-supraorbital nesiphakeme sesayensi kunemigqa engu-1-2 yokusanhlamvu. Isihlangu samakhala esingaphambili sinye, futhi ubude baso bungaphansi kobubanzi (lesi silinganiso, njengomthetho, 0.54-0.96). Izihlangu zeMandibular 4 noma 5, imvamisa kunokwengeziwe.

Isikali somphimbo sigqoka kwesilinganiso sesithathu se-mandibular noma isibili. Umlenze ongezansi umbozwe ngemigqa emithathu emide yemikhawulo. Izihlangu zangaphandle zinkulu kunazo zonke.

Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba wesifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo lupendiwe ngombala onsomi noma onsundu. Iphethini kubantu abadala yenziwe ngemigqa yamachashazi ahlelwe isikhathi eside amnyama enziwe ngombala omnyama ngemuva kwempunga emsulwa. Izinyawo phezulu nezin amabala amakhulu amakhulu azungezwe umugqa omnyama.

Uhlangothi lwe-ventral lumhlophe. Ebantwaneni abasha, emuva kunemigqa emide yamehlo imhlophe, imvamisa inomucu olula eceleni kogu.

Isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo sihlala esihlabathini esingagxiliwe futhi singenamandla. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, njengomthetho, bazama ukubalekela futhi baphephe endaweni yokukhosela eseduze. Ngesikhathi sokugijima kwe-zigzag, athuthukisa isivinini esikhulu, aphakamisa isiqu nomsila. Lesi sifo esibanjwa inyawo kanye nomlomo sizama ukugqashula futhi silume isitebhisi, njengamanye amabhungane, siphonsa umsila waso.

IZITHOMBE ZOMLANGO WE-MULTI-ColORED Door LEAF Njengendawo yokukhosela, isilokazana esinemibala eminingi sisebenzisa imisele yaso, esivame ukumba ngaphansi kwesihlahlana sezihlahla. Okungenayo kuyinto okusaqanda. Ukungena komgodi kungaba nokuchayeka, noma kunjalo, eningizimu inqoba ngandlela thile. Esihlabathini, ukujula kwe-pore kungafinyelela ku-30 ​​cm ubude besifo sohlangothi esingu-15- 35 cm. Ngaphezu kwesakho, isifo sonyawo nomlomo sivame ukusebenzisa imisele yokubamba, imifantu yomhlabathi, imidumba yotshani nezihlahla njengezindawo zokuhlala okwesikhashana. Ngokwemvelo, isifo esisebenza ezinyaweni nangomlomo enyakatho yebanga sithathwa kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli kuya engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Okthoba, naseningizimu kusuka maphakathi no-Mashi kuya ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo, ama-lizons angavame ukutholakala kusuka emahoreni ayi-10 kuye kwayi-16 emazingeni okushisa omoya we + 12 ° C nangaphezulu. Ukuphuma kwezilwane ezindaweni zokukhosela ehlobo kubhekwa cishe amahora angama-7, inani lemihlangano landa kakhulu ngamahora ayi-14, emva kwalokho ukuncishiswa kwawo kwaphawulwa. Nge-17 h, umsebenzi wokuphindayo uyanda futhi. Esimweni sezulu esinamafu emazingeni okushisa aphansi (+ 12-15 ° C), abantu abangakakhanyi abangakashadi bavela ku-9 h, futhi lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka liye kufika ku-+ 18 C C nangaphezulu), naphezu komugqa omanzi, umsebenzi wezilwane uyaqala. Izinga lokushisa le-substrate ngesikhathi somsebenzi omkhulu wezibankwa zisukela ku +22 kuya ku +31 ° C.

Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesifo esinezinyawo ezinamabala amaningi nomlomo siqala ngemuva nje kokushiya izindawo zokugcina ubusika, bese kubekwa amaqanda ngoMeyi-Juni. Isikhathi sokuzala isikhathi eside kakhulu esikhathini izifo ezinemibala yonyawo nomlomo sibukeka sihlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa kwama-follicles angafani ngasikhathi sinye ngamaqembu ahlukahlukene yobudala. Ku-clutch kusuka emaqanda ama-2 kuye kwayi-7 ubukhulu obungu-5.5-14.5 mm nesisindo esingu-0.35-0.50 g.

Insikazi ifaka amaqanda emiseleni noma emigodini ekhethekile ecijile ekujuleni kuka-6-10 cm ezindaweni ezifakwe umswakama owanele futhi efudumele kahle yilanga. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wonke amaqanda abekwa endaweni evundlile.

Isikhathi sokufuduka, ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, sisuka ezinsukwini ezingama-45 kuye kwezingu-60. Ukuvela kwezingane zonyaka onesibambo kanye nomsila ubude obungamamitha angama-25- 34 nama-36-41 mm, ngokulandelana, kanti isisindo esingama-0.4 g sesibonakele kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala kaJulayi.

Njengamalungu amaningi ohlobo, isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo asikhuselekile kakhulu. Isisulu saso silawulwa ngamabhungane, iLepidoptera neHymenoptera, kanye nezimbungulu, i-Orthoptera, iDiptera. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezimila ekudleni kwaphawulwa.

Ukugcina i-pair enemibala eminingi yonyawo-nomlomo, i-terrarium ephansi enomthamo wamalitha angama-30 noma ngaphezulu kufanelekile. engenziwa nge-aquarium evamile. Njengoba lezi zilwane zitholakala kakhulu kuma-biotopes ezinesihlabathi, phansi kwethala kumele kuboshwe ngesihlabathi ngesendlalelo okungenani esingu-10 cm: ukuthambisa kwesihlabathi kusuka ngezansi kuyadingeka.

Ngokufafaza njalo, ungakwenza ngaphandle kwesitsha sokuphuza, noma kunjalo, kungakuhle ukukufaka, ngoba isifo sonyawo nomlomo kwesinye isikhathi siphuza ngokuzithandela futhi sibuye sithathe izinqubo zamanzi. Njengezindawo zokukhosela, ungafaka amagatsha ezihlahla, i-driftwood. Izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele ligcinwe lingakapheli + 22-30 ° C, ubusuku - 4-6 ° ephansi.

Kwelinye lamakhona emathaji, kufanele kumiswe isibani ukuze kufudumele umhlabathi ufike kuma-32 ° C. Umswakama we-Optimum osondele ku-60%.

IZITHOMBE ZAMABHODI AZIXWAYELEKILE ZAMA-FOOT-AND-MOUTH ezimweni ze-Fie, izintando zamazibuko anemibala eminingi zingondliwa cishe nganoma yikuphi ukudla bukhoma okukhona ngosayizi ofanele: amakesi, amaqhude, izimbungulu, izibungu, izibungu zamabhungane kafulawa. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwengeza i-trnvitamin ne-calcium glycerophosphate ku-feed. Kuyadingeka ukondla nsuku zonke ngesilinganiso samakhilikithi amancane angu-3-5 umuntu ngamunye.

Lapho kukhona okungenani umbhangqwana owodwa nokudla okuhle okugcwele, kungalindeleka ukwenziwa kabusha. Ukuze bavuse izilwane, bahlela “ubusika” (bokwehlisa izinga lokushisa ligcine ku-8-12 ° C). Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3, izinga lokushisa ku-terrarium landa kancane kancane, futhi izakhamuzi zalo zinikezwa ukudla kokuqala.

Ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngemuva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu, isikhathi sokuzala siqala: owesilisa usukela ngokulangazelela insikazi, emva kwalokho iminonjana yamazinyo yakhe ihlala esiswini sowesifazane, okhalweni nasemsileni. Emavikini lamatsatfu kuye ku-4 ngemuva kwekutsata, insikazi ifaka emacandza lamabili kuya kulangu-7 ngemkhonteni noma emgodini lokwembiwe.

Ngokushisa kwe-30 ° C, ukufakwa kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili. Ovuthiwe ngocansi isifo esinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo iba ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila onosayizi womzimba ongama-48 mm noma ngaphezulu.

Akunasifo esinezinyawo eziningi futhi sinemibala eminingi okubukwa okubukwa: 5901 ISIHLOKO ESISEKELAYO KULWANDLE LOKUXHUMANA

Izifo ezinemibala eminingi yonyawo nomlomo zinabile futhi zifundwe kahle. Isifo esinjalo sonyawo nomlomo sinomzimba omfushane ongu-12-20 cm ubude nomsila omfushane. Umbala womzimba ojwayelekile grey ngephethini nsundu. Imibuthano nezindawo eziningi zihlakazeka emzimbeni wonke.