Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-aga toad enkulu, noma umhlanga, yiLatin America. Emvelweni, le mpelesi yande kabanzi, ngoba ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu kanye nemfihlo enobuthi ngokweqile, inezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo.
I-aga yowesifazane inobude obungu-22 cm futhi inesisindo esingama-1.5 kg - isifaca esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Iduna, yize lilincane kunensikazi (14 cm), lisahlala likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa namaxoxo esihlahla sethu. Ubukhulu obukhulu be-toad nezinto ezinobuthi obukhulu obugcinwa yizinduna zesikhumba kubangela inani elincane lezilwane elizizingelayo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwama-amphibians. Ngakho-ke, e-Australia, lapho kwafakwa khona isoyi lomthi ngamabomu ukuze sinciphise inani lamabhungane abhubhisa amahlumela amasha omhlanga, anda kakhulu kangangokuba wona uqobo lwaphenduka inkathazo enonya.
Indawo yemvelo yendawo yokubeka umhlanga yizindawo eziseduzane nezidumbu zamanzi ezindaweni zokuhlala namahlathi aseCentral nakwezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu Melika. Njengamanye ama-amphibians, i-aga kudingeka ihlale inomswakama esikhunjeni, ngakho-ke ihola indlela yokuphila yasesikhathini, futhi phakathi nosuku ifihla imisebe yelanga eshisayo ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile, izingodo namatshe. Ebusuku, isoyi yomhlanga iya ekuzingeleni, inyamazane yayo - amabanga, amabhungane, izinyoni ezincane, izilwane ezincelisayo nezirhubuluzayo, kanye namasele namanye ama-toads - igwinya wonke.
Umsindo omkhulu
Ebusuku - ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzalela - izinsikazi zikhala kakhulu ukuheha izinsikazi, zelule umqala wazo womphimbo ngamandla ukuthuthukisa umsindo.
Lapho sesithole umlingani ofanelekayo, owesilisa ugxumela emhlane wakhe futhi amgobise izandla zakhe zangaphambili.
Lokhu kuziphatha kwamaxoxo nobuhlalu kubizwa ngokuthi yimbozo. Kuwo wonke ama-amphibians angenantambo, owesilisa, ukuze aqinisekise ukuzalaniswa kwamaqanda abekwe ngowesifazane, ucindezelwa ngokuqinile kuye, ebambelela ngosizo lwe-paws ekhiywe enqabeni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kuvela ama-tadpoles emaqandeni avundisiwe. Ziyamangaza - zondla ngokudla okunhlobonhlobo kwamaprotheni atholakala emanzini, kanye nezitshalo kanye nolwelwe. Ngemuva kwamaviki ayisithupha nengxenye, imidlwane ikhula ngemilenze bese umsila uwe. Eminyakeni emibili elandelayo, bakhula ngokushesha babe ngabantu abadala.
Ama-watpoles, njengezandla zamadala, anezindlala ezinobuthi. Kubantu abadala, izindlala ezinkulu ze-parotid zitholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda, zikhiqiza imfihlo enobuthi ephuzi. Ema-amphibians amaningi, le ndlala i-secrete mucus, egcina umswakama esikhunjeni, kepha kubuhlalu bomhlanga, le mfihlo inobuthi obukhulu. Noma yisiphi isilwane esigwida isikwashi somhlanga sifa ngaphakathi kwemizuzu embalwa - kodwa, njengomthetho, ukunambitheka kobuthi emlonyeni womhlaseli kusenza sikhiphe masinyane inwele.
Njengamanje, i-card toad ayisatshalaliswa nje kuphela ezindaweni ezinobubanzi bayo bemvelo - ingatholakala naseHawaii, eFlorida, ePuerto Rico nasePapua New Guinea, lapho yathunyelwa khona ngamabomu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Igama elisha
Phambilini eyayaziwa njenge-giad, noma isoyi yolwandle, le mpilo yaba negama layo manje ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwamabhungane omoba ePuerto Rico ngawo-20s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. NgoJuni 22, 1935, iminyaka eyi-102 yathunyelwa emasimini aseNyakatho Queensland, e-Australia ngalenhloso. Kodwa-ke, i-toad ayizange iqale ukudla izimbungulu, kodwa, kunalokho, yaqala ukuzingela izitha zayo zemvelo, ngakho le nkinga ayizange ixazululwe.
Ama-niches ahlukene wemvelo
Into ekhona ukuthi ubhontshisi womhlanga kanye namabhungane adla umoba ahlala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, enye yezinhlobo zamabhungane omhlanga ayikaze iwele phansi, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zihlala kuphela ezindaweni ezivulekile, kuyilapho i-aga ikhetha izindawo ezinezitshalo eziminyene eziyivikela emisebeni yelanga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuhlalu bomhlanga banda ngokushesha, futhi imidlwane esemidala kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zamathanga namasele ashiya ichibi. Ngonyaka owodwa, insikazi eyodwa ikwazi ukubeka amaqanda angaba ngu-35,000. Uma sicabanga ukuthi wonke azobe evundisiwe, bese ama-hatch abesifazane aqhamuka engxenyeni ethile, lapho esefinyelele ebusheni, elinye nelinye lawo lizobekela amaqanda angama-35,000. Ngakho-ke, ezizukulwaneni ezintathu, inzalo engaba khona yowesifazane wokuqala iyoba ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi.
Cishe azikho izitha, isigaxa somhlanga sanda ngokushesha eQueensland futhi sibeka engcupheni enkulu emapulazini, ezingadini zamadolobha, ngisho nasezilwaneni zasendle zeKakadu National Park.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yethoni isuka eMfuleni iRio Grande eTexas iye enkabeni ye-Amazonia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yePeru. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminyaka yokulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezinambuzane ilethelwa ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia (ikakhulukazi empumalanga yeQueensland kanye nogu lweNew South Wales), eningizimu Florida, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, iziqhingi zaseJapan i-Ogasawara neRyukyu, kanye nezaseCaribbean eziningi neziqhingi zasePacific, kufaka phakathi iHawaii (ngonyaka we-1935) neFiji. Yebo ungaphila ebangeni lokushisa lika-5-40 ° C.
I-Ecology
Ama-toads-ubudala atholakala kusuka ezinkulwini zesihlabathi ezisogwini kuya emaphethelweni amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezihlahleni zemango. Ngokungafani namanye ama-amphibians, atholakala njalo emanzini angenamikhawulo wezifufula zemifula ngasogwini naseziqhingini. Kulokhu, yebo, futhi ngaba negama layo lesayensi - Bufo marinus , "Ulwandle isithungo." Isikhumba esomile, esenziwe nge-keratinized of aga asifanele kahle ukushintshanisa ngegesi, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amaphaphu ayo angenye yezethuthukile kakhulu phakathi kwama-amphibians. I-Aha ingasinda ekulahlekelweni kokugcinwa kwamanzi emzimbeni kuze kufike ku-50%. Njengazo zonke izinto zobuhlalu, ukhetha ukuchitha usuku emashalofini, eyokuzingela kusihlwa. Indlela yokuphila ihlala yodwa. I-Aha ihamba ngamafuphi okusheshayo okusheshayo. Ukuthatha isikhundla sokuvikela, inflate.
Ama-Crocodiles, ama-lobster asemanzini amnandi, amagundane amanzi, amakhaza, amakhambi nezinye izilwane ezihlaselwe ubuthi bazo ebugqilini obudala. Ama-watpoles adliwa ama-nymphs ka-dragonflies, izimbungulu zamanzi, ezinye izimfudu kanye nezinyoka. Izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye zidla kuphela ulimi lwesifino, noma zidle isisu, esinezitho zangaphakathi ezinobuthi ezingatheni.
Umjikelezo wempilo
Izibungu ze-Aga zimnyama futhi zincane ngokungafani nabantu abadala. Ama-Tadpoles adla ngokusetshenziswa kwe-algae kanye nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini, azikhafulela ngemigqa emihlanu yamazinyo. Ama-tadpoles amakhulu kwesinye isikhathi adla i-caviar yamanye ama-ag. I-Metamorphosis yenzeka emavikini ama-2 ukuya kwengama-20 ngemuva kokuqandeka izibungu (kuya ngomsoco nokushisa kwamanzi). Amaxoxo asanda kwehla nge-metamorphosis nawo mancane kakhulu - kuphela cishe ngo-1-1.5 cm. Ngemuva kwe-metamorphosis, ubuhlalu obuncane bushiya ichibi futhi kwesinye isikhathi buthelela ngobuningi obukhulu ogwini. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-1-1,5. Ama-Agi aphila iminyaka eyi-10 (ngokwemvelo) aze afike eminyakeni eyi-15 (ekudingisweni). Ama-0.5% ubuhlalu abawacashayo obuqhamuka emaqanda kuphela abuphilayo bufike eminyakeni yokuzala.
Umsoco
Abantu abadala bayamangaza, okungeyona eyejwayelekile ukwenza ubuhlalu: badla ama-arthropods namanye ama-invertebrates (izinyosi, amabhungane, izigayo, amaqhude, izinkumbi, izintuthwane, iminenke), kodwa futhi nezinye izilwane zasemanzini, izibankwa ezincane, amaphuphu nezilwane ezinobukhulu begundane. Musa ukudelela ukugcwala kanye nodoti. Ogwini lolwandle yidla imifino kanye ne-jellyfish. Uma kungekho cannibalism yokudla kungathathwa.
Ukuzala
Ukusakazeka kwe-Ag kuhambelana kuphela nenkathi yemvula, lapho amadamu esikhashana akha iqoqo (Juni-Okthoba). Abesilisa bahlangana emanzini aqinile noma ahamba kancane futhi, ngokukhala okufana nokuhlanzeka okukhulu, babiza abesifazane. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4- 35 ngesizini eyodwa. Ukunakekela amaqanda avundisiwe nesehlisiwe akwenzeki. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-7. Womabili amaqanda nama-aga tadpoles anobuthi ezilwaneni eziningi nakubantu. Ngemuva kwe-metamorphosis, lesi sici siyanyamalala kuzo kuze kube yilapho kukhula izindlala zaso.
Yebo, unobuthi kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila. Lapho i-toad endala iphazamisekile, izindlala zayo zithola imfihlo emhlophe emhlophe equkethe ama-bufotoxins, ingazidubula "nomphangi" wazo. I-Agi venom iyindlela enamandla, ethinta ikakhulukazi inhliziyo nenqubo yezinzwa, ibangele ukuqubuka kwesibindi, ukuquleka, ukugabha, ukuqina komzimba, umfutho wegazi, kwesinye isikhathi ukukhubazeka kwesikhashana nokufa ngokuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Ngobuthi, ukuthintana okulula nezindlala ezinobuthi kwanele. Ubuthi obungene ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lwamehlo, ekhaleni, nasemlonyeni kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukuvuvukala, nokungaboni okwesikhashana. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindlala zesikhumba se-aga ngokwesiko kusetshenziswa ngabantu baseNingizimu Melika ukumanzisa izihloko zemicibisholo. AmaNdiya angama-Choco asentshonalanga neColombia asenga ubuthi ubuthi ngokuwafaka kumashubhu we-bamboo alengiswe phezu komlilo, abese eqoqa ubuthi obuphuzi obukhanyisiwe ezitsheni zodaka.
Inani lomuntu
U-Aha waziwa nangamanye amagama, ngokwesibonelo, "umhlanga Toad".
Bazama ukufuya ubuhlalu ukuqeda izinambuzane ezilinywe emasimini omoba namazambane amnandi, ngenxa yalokho basabalala kabanzi ngaphandle kwendawo yabo yemvelo baphenduka izinyamazane ngokwabo, befaka ubuthi bezilwane zasendle ezingavikelekile kubuthi bazo, futhi bancintisana nazo ukudla nama-amphibians wendawo.
Toad Agi e-Australia
Ama-toad ayi-101 alethwa ngoJuni e-Australia asuka eHawaii ukulawula izinambuzane zikamoba. Ekudingisweni, bakwazile ukuzala, kwathi ngo-Agasti zadedelwa ezingaphezu kuka-3000 ubuhlalu obuncane epulazini elisenyakatho neQueensland. Ngokumelene nezinambuzane, iminyaka ibingasebenzi (ngoba bathola enye inyamazane), kepha ngokushesha baqala ukwandisa amanani abo futhi basakazeka, bafika emngceleni weNew South Wales edolobheni, naseNorth Territory edolobheni. Njengamanje, umngcele wokusabalalisa walezi zinhlobo e-Australia udluliselwa eningizimu nasentshonalanga ngamakhilomitha angama-25 unyaka ngamunye.
Njengamanje, ubudala bunomthelela omubi kwizilwane zase-Australia, ukudla, ukukhukhumala nokusebenza njengembangela yobuthi bezilwane zomdabu. Izisulu zayo yizinhlobo zasendaweni zabase-amphibians kanye nezikhala zezilwane zasolwandle, kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingandile. Ukusakazeka kwe-aga kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwenani lama-marsupial martens, kanye nezikhala ezinkulu nezinyoka (izinyoka ezibulalayo nezinezinyoka, i-echidna emnyama). Zibuye zonakalise nezidleke zezinyosi, zichithe izinyosi zezinyosi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zizingela ngempumelelo lezi zibuhlalu, kufaka phakathi iqhude laseGuinea elisha kanye ne-kite emnyama. Izindlela zokulawula i-Aga azikakhiwa.
Incazelo ye-aga
Umzimba ongaphezulu ungwevu grey noma onsundu omnyama, amabala amnyama amnyama asakazeka emzimbeni wonke, kanti nomzimba ongezansi ugcotshwe ngezindawo ezinamabala abomvu ansundu.
Le toad ihlukile ezihlotsheni zayo ngesimo sekhanda kanye nokuhlelwa kwama-bony protrusion, atholakala ngaphezu kwejwabu leso elingaphezulu futhi anesimo se-semicircular, ngaphezu kwalokho, ane-eardrum ehlukile.
I-Aga inamaphaphu enziwe kahle. Ngasemuva kwekhanda, ngemuva kwamehlo, kukhona izindlala ezinkulu ezinobuthi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-parotid, ngaphezu kwalokhu, kukhona indlala encane enobuthi kuyo yonke indawo emuva nasemakhanda.
Ubuhlungu be-toad aga
Iparadidi ngalinye lobuhlalu liqukethe cishe amagremu ama-0,07 anoshevu. Lapho umhlaseli ehlasela i-toad, ubuthi buzodedelwa ikakhulu ezindlekeni ezincane. Le mfihlo inephunga eliqinile, inambitha umunyu futhi ibangele umuzwa ovuthayo emlonyeni. Ubuthi buhlukumeza ulwelwesi lwama-mucous, futhi umdlwenguli kufanele akhiphe inyamazane.
Ubuthi obuqine kakhulu busesithweni se-aga. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokufuna ukudla, i-toad aga ifafaza ubuthi bese uyihlikihla ngamawindi ayo ngemuva ukuze izivikele ekuhlaselweni okungenzeka.
Ubuthi buqukethe i-bufotenin, i-tryptamine, i-catecholamine, i-serotonin nezinye izinto. Kwimithamo emincane, lobu buthi bunomphikisi, i-anthelmintic, antitumor kanye ne-radioprotective effect. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, ubuthi be-toad aga bubhekwa njengomthombo wezidakamizwa ezintsha.
Izimpawu zobuthi ezinobuthi i-aga
Lapho ubuthi bufaka ubuthi esilwaneni, kukhululwa amathe amaningi, kuqhamuka amabutho, i-tachycardia, ukuquleka, i-pulmonary edema, futhi ezimweni ezinzima ukufa kungenzeka.
Uma ubuthi bufika emalungeni omuntu, futhi ikakhulukazi emehlweni, lapho-ke kuzovela izinhlungu ezinzima, kukhula i-keratitis ne-conjunctivitis.
Lezi zingxobo zatholakala eziqhingini zaseHawaii, kwathi ngeminyaka engama-30 zathuthwa zivela eziqhingini zayiswa e-Australia ngenhloso yokuqeda izinambuzane zezolimo. Namuhla zibangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezilwane zase-Australia, ngoba zinika ubuthi ezilwaneni ezingakwazi ukuzivikela ebuthini bazo futhi zidonsa ezinye ubuhlalu.
Ezikhumbeni zaseNingizimu Melika iBufo marinus, kukhipha i-enzyme yesikhumba esikhunjeni. Empeleni, kufana ne-LSD yezidakamizwa. Isimo esidakisayo sicaphukisa i-bufotenin, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesikhashana. Ngesikhathi kuvubukulwa idolobha lasendulo likaMeyi eMexico, inqwaba yezinsalela zalezi zandla zatholakala eduze kwezindonga zethempeli.
Isilwane esithukuthekile siyakwazi ukudedela umfudlana wobuthi kuma-parotid - amaqembu amakhulu ezinsimbi ezinobuthi endaweni yeso. Futhi kusihlwa, ngaphambi kokuzingela, iminyaka imvamisa kakhulu izigcobisa ngokukhethekile ngezihlakala zayo, icindezela ubuthi esikhunjeni. Ngosongo lokuhlaselwa, i-aga isakaza umfudlana wobuthi ngqo kulowo owonile, iqinisekise ukuthi ishaya ilitshe ibanga lemitha elilodwa!
Ukubukeka
Yebo - inhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke yama-amphibians angenamila (i-Anura): ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-20 ubude, kuze kufike amasentimitha ayi-12 ububanzi. Isisindo somzimba wabantu abadala yebo kwesinye isikhathi sidlula ama-2 kilos. Umbala we-aga umdaka omnyama, ohlangothini dorsal ngebala elikhulu elimnyama, ohlangothini lwe-ventral olunamabala amancane abomvu ansundu. Ekhanda kusuka emehlweni kuya emakhaleni kudlula imigqomo emnyama yamathambo. I-Aga isilwane esivame kakhulu kwezinye izingxenye zeNingizimu Melika futhi kwesinye isikhathi sitholakala emadolobheni. Ukugcotshwa kwezindlala zesikhumba se-aga kunobuthi obuningi, kanti abomdabu bayayisebenzisa ukulungiselela ubuthi ngemicibisholo.
Indlela yokuphila
Ama-Toads-aga athanda ukuhlala endaweni eshisayo futhi enesimo sezulu esifudumele, gcina eduze kwamachibi noma imishado, kodwa-ke, angatholakala ogwini olunesihlabathi. I-toad ichitha amahora amaningi imini emthunzini, icashe ngeziqu zezihlahla, ngaphansi kwamatshe, ngamaqabunga awile. Ngokuqala kobusuku, la ma-amphibians aya ukuzingela. Ama-Agi adla izinyosi. noma ibhungane, amaphuphu. izintethe. izintuthwane. iminenke, izibankwa. amachwane, amagundane amancane.
Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngoJuni. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda ngesimo sezintambo ezinde emanzini. Ama-tadpoles amnyama aqhamuka emaqanda mancane kakhulu. Ama-toads asemancane, ekugcineni kwenguquko, afinyelela kuphela amasentimitha ayi-1 ubude.
Ingozi.
Emzimbeni we-toad, i-aga, kunezindlala eziningi ezikhethekile ezikhiqiza ubuthi obunamandla kakhulu, obulala izilwane ezincelisayo, kufaka phakathi nabantu. Ubuthi be-Aga bungangena emzimbeni ngisho nesikhumba, ngakho-ke akufanele uthinte isilevu. Ngisho nokusondela ku-aha kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba i-toad ingakhipha umsinga omude wobuthi ezinsinini ezinkulu eziseduze kwamehlo. Ama-Toads akhulula ama-jets anoshevu ngokunemba, bese eshaya ithagethi ebangeni le-mitha elilodwa.
Akekho kithi oyomangala ukuthi kunezinyoka ezinobuthi. Kepha uma kwenzeka okufanayo ngamasu, khona-ke abaningi ngeke bakukholwe. Hhayi iqiniso leli lingena emakhanda ethu. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwako konke ukwahlukahlukana kwezilwane zomhlaba wethu, awukwazi ukuthola noma ngubani. Kukhona, ngokwesibonelo, ngisho nezibungu ezindizayo! Kubandakanya ubuthi obunobuthi. Omunye wabamele onjalo unegama elithandekayo nelinamandla aha. Ngezansi ungabona isithombe sakhe.
Izwekazi le-toad-aga libhekwa njengeningizimu yeNyakatho nenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Kwafika e-Asia ngesingeniso, okungukuthi, ngokuhlala kabusha okwenziwe ngobuciko. Indoda ethile yamletha ePhilippines, eTaiwan, eNew Guinea, e-Australia ngezinhloso ezinhle.Abantu babecabanga ukuthi lesi sidlakela esinesihluku singalwa ngempumelelo nezinambuzane ezilimaza ezolimo.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-toad-aga yempilo yayo ibhubhisa inani elikhulu lezinambuzane. Yize ngaphezu kwazo, zidla izilwane ezincane, namagundane, izibankwa cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-gastropods ahlala endaweni eyodwa.
Yebo, esinye sezingwe ezinkulu emhlabeni. Ubude baso ukusuka ekhaleni kuya emilenzeni engemuva buyi-13-16 cm. Sinesisindo sekhilogremu. Ihamba masinyane emincane, kepha njalo. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngemininingwane enjalo ebonakalayo, izosheshe ichithe inqwaba yezinambuzane eziyizinambuzane.
Kepha abantu baziphatha kabi kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokuzingela izinambuzane eziyingozi, wakuthola okunye ukudla okulula kakhulu ukukuthola. Emazweni ase-Asia, waqala ukuhlasela amasele endawo nezingwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-toad aga iqale ukwanda ngokushesha okukhulu, okwenza umonakalo omkhulu kubantu bezilwane zasendaweni.
Le-toad enobuthi, ngaphezu kokubhujiswa okuqondile kwezilwane zomdabu, ibenza babe ngumncintiswano wokudla.
Futhi, izinyamazane eziningi zibulawa yibuthi bazo, ezihlasela ngephutha ukuguga, zibadidanise ngamasele endawo angenangozi. Kusukela ubuthi babo ngisho izingwenya kanye nezinyoka ziyabhubha! Njengokusongela isitha sakhe, i-aga ingavuvukala.
Kusebenza kakhulu kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ntambama, baphumula emashalofini.
Ubuthi balezi zindlubu bufa kuzo zonke izilwane, kufaka phakathi abantu. Awekho amacala amaningi kakhulu aqoshiwe okufa avela kuye, kodwa noma kunjalo anendawo.
Uketshezi olunobuthi kuzo lutholakala kwizindlala ezitholakala ngemuva kwamehlo. Futhi, lolu ketshezi lugeleza luvela ezinhlafunweni luphume ngezimbobo ezikhethekile bese lusakazeka esikhunjeni. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokuthinta okulula kwelead kungadala ukudakwa.
Kwezinye izimo, i-aha ingaze "idubule" ubuthi kumhlaseli. Futhi uma ugwinya i-amphibian, khona-ke isilo esingakhathali silindele ukufa okuthile.
Ukunobuthi ubuthi be-toad-aga kunezimpawu ezilandelayo: i-salivery, isicanucanu, ingcindezi eyandayo, ukulimala okujulile kohlelo lwezinzwa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukubulawa kokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
Kulesi sigaxa abantu abaningi bahlupheka abasihlanganisa nabangakhi ubuthi. Esikhathini sokuqala sokukhula, kufana kakhulu namanye amasele ngosayizi nombala, bheka isithombe.
Kepha ngaphandle kokulimaza, kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kumuntu. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelashwa (ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo), njenge-aphrodisiac, njll.
Yebo - i-toad
Kungani ubuhlalu ujabulele udumo olunjalo olubi futhi igama elithi livame ukusetshenziswa njengegama lesiqalekiso? Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kungachazwa kalula: lezi zilwane zimbi futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba sazo esidlekayo sinikeza ukucasha okunobuthi, yize kungenangozi kubantu. Ngoba ubuhlalu lobu buthi budlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu: yukuphela kwendlela esetshenziswa ngayo isinaphi ikwazi ukwethusa izitha zakho. Ngeshwa, akakwazi ukugxumela ngokungacabangi njengamaxoxo. Uma uqondana ne ubuhlalu abanomqondo ovulekile, ungajabula ngokushesha kwabo nangobungane nangamehlo abo amahle ahlakaniphile. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba babehlala izakhamuzi ze-terrariums. Kusukela namuhla, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, azitholakali kokuqukethwe kwe-amateur, ngizozibeka umkhawulo ezinhlotsheni ezimbili kuphela ubuhlalu obuxakile obuthakazelisa . zibalwa njengezinkulu kunazo zonke.
Yebo njengakho konke kwangempela ubuhlalu ingeyomndeni Bufonudae . Wayehlala kule nsimu kusuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika kuya ePatagonia, kodwa ngenxa yamakhono akhe amangalisayo ekulweni nezinambuzane eziyingozi, wathunyelwa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Kucishe kube ngama-20 cm ubude, ansundu, kuvame ukuba namachashazi amnyama noma akhanyayo. Ithuluzi sikhulu, futhi sikhulu ngoba sidinga i-terrarium, hhayi ephezulu, ngoba ayakhelwanga ukugxuma nokukhwela. Ngaphansi kufanele kumbozwe ngengxube yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-peat futhi kuhlale kumanzi. Kwingxube ethambile enjalo ubuhlalu thanda ukugaya. I-terrarium kufanele ibe nepuli encane, amagatsha anamandla, amatshe noma izingcezu ezinkulu zezihlahla ezizosebenza isinaphi indawo yokukhosela. Ngokuqondene nezitshalo, lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu, kusukela ubuhlalu - Izilwane eziqinile ngokwanele nge-reflex eqinile yokumba. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola i-terrarium, udinga ukusebenzisa izitshalo eziqinile kuphela ezinobumba kalula. Aha ubuhlalu bathande umthunzi okhethiweyo kanye nokushisa komoya, amanzi nenhlabathi ku-25ºº, ongagcinwa ngosizo lwe-point radiation. Ukuze i-terrarium ingabonakali idangele ngokweqile, kunconywa ukufaka isibani se-fluorescent, okufanele sicishwe ebusuku. Ntambama ubuhlalu bacashe ezindlini zabo zokugcina, ngoba basebenza ngokuhlwa kuphela. Kusihlwa, bayaphila futhi baqale ukufuna ukudla. Izinambuzane ezinkulu, izibungu, kanye namagundane asanda kubanjwa kuzowenzela. Uma isinaphi e-teralium uzizwa ezolile futhi ekhululekile, khona-ke angadla ezandleni zomphathi wakhe. Ngemuva kokukhulumisana newadi yakho, udinga ukugeza izandla zakho ukuze uhlanze ubuthi, obukhishwa ikakhulu ezindlebeni zezindlebe.
Imithombo: alins.ru, web-zoopark.ru, poasii.ru, dic.academic.ru, www.ekzotika.com
I-athikili yethu izotshela ngomunye wabakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni wepulanethi - umhlanga udwebe i-aga. Izwe lakubo liphakathi neNingizimu Melika, kepha uhla lokuhlanganiswa.
Kuvela ku-Masterweb
I-athikili yethu izotshela ngomunye wabakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni wepulanethi - umhlanga udwebe i-aga. Uhlobo luni lwesidalwa lolu? Izinto ezibonakalayo zizoba ezithokozisayo hhayi kuphela kuwo wonke umuntu onentshisekelo yezilwane zasendle, kodwa nakulabo bazali abanezingane zabo eziya ebangeni lesithathu. I-“Toad aha” ngumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi okufanele ubhalwe ngabathathu. Izingane ziyamenywa ukuthi zizolalela umbhalo ophathelene nalesi silwane, bese uphendula uchungechunge lwemibuzo.
Indawo
I-Aga yikhaya eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, kepha uhla luhlanganisa amanye amazwekazi. Isibonelo, e-Australia, i-toad aga yaxazululelwa ngokwenziwe ukulwa nezinambuzane. Njengasezimweni eziningi ezifanayo, lokhu kuhlolwa akuphumelelanga: ukungabi nazitha, isele elikhulu kakhulu ligcwele abanye abantu abasemazweni, lasakazeka masinyane ogwini olusempumalanga futhi lazibhubhisa ngokuphelele izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezazingenakho ukuvikeleka kulo. Kuvele isimo esifanayo kwezinye iziqhingi zase-Oceania naseCaribbean.
Lawa ma-amphibians awakwazi nje ukuhlala emanzini amasha, kodwa futhi lapho amanzi asemfuleni exubana nosawoti, olwandlekazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwezinye izilimi, i-aha ibizwa ngokuthi i-sea toad. Ibanga lokushisa libanzi kakhulu: ukusuka kuma-5 kuye kwangama-41 degrees ngaphezulu kwe-zero.
Izici zangaphandle
Abanye bathi i-toad aga ingenye yezidalwa ezimbi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Akukaze kukhombise ukukhombisa izigaba ezinjengalezi, noma ukubukeka kwalesi silwane kuyinto emangalisa ngempela.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ayikhulunywa kakhulu, kepha izinsikazi zihlala zikhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa. Abantu besifazane bangaba nesisindo esifinyelela kuma-2 kg, kanti isisindo sabesilisa siyahluka ngaphakathi kwekhilogremu elilodwa. Usayizi we-Amphibian ungafinyelela ku-25 cm ubude, yize iningi labamele izinhlobo zezitshalo livame ukukhula kube ngu-15 cm.
Uma ubheka isithombe se-aga toad, ungathola imigoqo enesikhumba esimboze ikhanda nomzimba wakhe. Ukwakheka kwalezi zidalwa kukhulu, imilenze imfushane. Kukhona ulwelwesi emilenzeni yangasemuva kuphela, nasemabunzini angatholakali. Umdlandla uqondile. Umbala wesikhumba ungasukela kumnqumo okhanyayo ube nsundu. Umhlane uhlala umnyama ngaphezu kwesisu.
Noma ngeso elinqunu ungabona isici esici kunazo zonke i-toad aga enayo. Sikhuluma ngendlala yezitho zangasese lapho ubuthi bubumba khona. Izindlala ezincane ezinobuthi zitholakala kuwo wonke umzimba.
Udoti ngamunye omkhulu uqukethe ubuthi ongu-0.07 g. Ebantwini, leli nani alinangozi, kepha uketshezi olunamabala amhlophe lungadala ukushiswa okukhulu. Ubuthi ngeke futhi bumlimaze kakhulu umhlaseli: into enambitheka ngokungathandeki nephunga elixakile, ngenxa yokuthi isele eliwele emihlathini lisheshe likhiphe.
Ukuzingela nokudla
U-Aha uphila impilo yobusuku. Eqhubeka nokuzingela, usakaza ubuthi ngezihlakala zakhe kuso sonke isikhumba sakhe ukuze angagwinywa ngokungazi. Isikhathi sokuzingela - ukuhlwa. Lesi isilwane esihle kakhulu. I-Toad aga idla wonke umuntu ogijima kubi kunaye futhi angakwazi ukungena emlonyeni wakhe: izinhlanzi, izinambuzane, iminenke, izibankwa, izingwe, i-jellyfish, umqhele nabanye abameleli bezilwane, ubukhulu begundane noma ngaphansi. Uma ukuzingela kungaphumeleli isikhathi eside, iminyaka ingaphendukela ku-cannibalism. Abantu abaphilile badla ama-tadpoles, caviar kanye nezilwane ezincane.
Izitha zemvelo
Kunezilwane ezimbalwa kakhulu ezizingela i-aga ukwedlula lezo eziyingozi kuzo. Ngisho nokudla i-caviar kungadala ubuthi kwezinye izilwane. Izingwenya, izimfudu ezinkulu, izinyoka ezithile, amagundane amanzi, izinyoni (ama-kites, amajikijolo, ama-heron) ziphanga i-aga.
I-Caviar idliwa yi-crayfish, imollusks of dragonflies, milliped, izinambuzane nezinhlanzi ezingagcineki zinoshevu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zingadla ingaphakathi lesele kuphela ngaphandle kokuthinta isikhumba saso esinobuthi.
Ukukhethwa kwamaqiniso athile ahlobene nokuziphatha nendlela yokuphila ye-aga kuzosiza ukuthola umbono ongcono wokuthi lezi zidalwa zihlala kanjani emvelweni.
- Kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, i-toad aga sheds. Ukuze enze lokhu, ufika endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle bese eqala ukumamatheka kuze kube yilapho isikhumba emhlane wakhe siqhuma. Njengoba iphumile egobolondweni elidala, i-amphibian iyalidla.
- AmaNdiya aseNingizimu Melika ayesebenzisa ubuthi ezinkolelweni zenkolo. Kuyafana ekwakhiweni kwe-LSD futhi iyakwazi ukudala ukubonwa kwezimpawu. Abathakathi beVoodoo babuye basebenzise le nto ukwenza kwabo.
- I-Aha inamaphaphu athuthukiswe kakhulu ekilasini.
- Izwi lalezi zinhlokomo likhulu impela. Ukusuka kude, ikwaya ye-frog ibukeka njengengwadla yokufaka izinjini zedizili.
- Isithakazelo kulezi zilwane nabathandi bama-exotic. I-Aga ingagcinwa ekhaya, kepha akuwona umsebenzi olula. Njengamanye ama-amphibians amakhulu, idoji elilodwa lidinga i-terarium enkulu ebanzi. Ama-Toads athunjiwe adliswa izinambuzane ezondlayo kanye nama-mollusks. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekuthunjweni, i-aga ingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-20, kanti isikhathi esimaphakathi nemvelo siyingxenye yalokho. Abanye abafuyi bezinkomo bakwazi ukufuya ngempumelelo ubuhlalu ekuthunjweni.
I-Toad aga - incazelo, izici nezithombe.
Ubukhulu be-amphibian buhlaba umxhwele impela: kwesinye isikhathi i-toad inesisindo esingaphezu kwekhilogremu, ubude bomzimba bubalelwa ku-16 cm, yize kungafinyeleleki ezingafika ku-20 cm. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izintokazi zikhulu kunabesilisa. Yinhlobo eyodwa kuphela yama-Toads angaqhudelana nge-aga ngosayizi - lesi yisilo esikhulu kunazo zonke iBlomberg emhlabeni (Bufo blombergi).
Le amphibian ayinakubizwa ngokuthi yinhle: ingemuva le-toad aga enobuthi ingwevu noma nsundu ecebile, embozwe izindawo ezinkulu ezimnyama. Isisu siphuzi futhi simbozwe ngamabala amnyama, kodwa sincane. Isikhumba senziwe i-warty futhi senziwe keratinized kakhulu. Abafundi abasendaweni evundlile bangumphumela wendlela yobusuku be-aga toad. Njengezinye izinhlobo zamathumbu, ama-aga anezinyawo zewebhu.
Ihlala kuphi i-toad? Kuleliphi izwekazi?
Indawo yezwe lobuthi be-aga enobuthi yiNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi, indawo yokuhlala isuka eMfuleni iRio Grande, ogeleza eTexas, ukuya empumalanga esenyakatho-mpumalanga ne-Amazon Lowland. Ama-Amphibians awakwazi ukumelana nokubanda, ngakho-ke zonke izindawo zokuhlala ze-aga toad, zombili zemvelo nezisanda kutholwa, zisezindaweni ezishisayo nezinesimo sezulu. Ngokudabukisayo, i-aga toad yethulwa emazweni amaningi nasezifundeni eziningi: i-Australia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, kanye naseziqhingini ezithile zaseCaribbean nasePacific. Lokhu bekwenza ukuze ubuthi obunobuthi buqothule izilokazane zezolimo. Kodwa-ke, izici ezinobuthi zalesi simiso se-amphibian-zazinganakwa: ngaphezu kwezinambuzane, zombili izinhlobo zemvelo zasolwandle kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo zihlushwa ubuthi bethoni.
Isihlungu sethadi.
Izindlala ezingemuva kwendlebe, ezikhiqiza ubuthi obudumile besithako, zitholakala ngemuva kwesigebhezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esikhunjeni sangemuva nasekhanda, kunezindlala ezinobuthi obuningi kakhulu. Inja noma ikati elilume ubuthi bomhlanga bufa ngaso leso sikhathi. Kuyingozi futhi kubantu: ubuthi obulalayo be-toad aga bungangena emzimbeni, noma ngabe i-amphibian imane ithathwe ngesandla. Kuzwa usongo, yebo usakaza ubuthi esitheni.
Yini edla i-aad?
Ukusuka kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamasozi, adla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, ubuthi obuhlungu buhlukaniswa yi-omnivore. Kuhamba ngokuzingela ebumnyameni, lesi silwane esidla ubhedu, sibonga ubuthi baso, sibulala futhi singadli kuphela izinambuzane nezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene, kodwa futhi namagundane amancane, ngokwesibonelo, amagundane, kanye nezinyoni, ezinye ubuhlalu namaxoxo. Uma kunesidingo, i-cadad yomhlanga ingagcwala i-carrion.