Imvelo yomuzi ibonakala ngezindawo ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Ensimini yase-Ulyanovsk kukhona indawo yokugcina amanzi. Futhi lapha kugeleza uMfula iSeld, indawo engaphansi komhlaba iSimbirka, Volga neSvityaga. Ukugeleza kokugcina okubili kuqonde ngaphesheya. Amabhange abo ayagezwa futhi kukhona nethuba lale mikhondo yokuhlangana ibe munye eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbalwa.
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Isimo sezulu sase-Ulyanovsk
I-Ulyanovsk isendaweni enezintaba futhi umehluko wedolobha ungafika kumamitha angama-60. Idolobhana likhona esifundeni sendalo sehlathi. Uma sikhuluma ngesimo sezulu, leli dolobha lisendaweni ethokomele yezwekazi. Le nsimu iphethwe ngabantu abalinganisayo bomoya. Isimo sezulu sithonywe yiziphepho zase-Atlantic, ama-antanticclones ase-Central Asia, kanye nemisinga ye-Arctic ebusika. Ngokwesilinganiso, imvula engaba ngu-500 mm ngonyaka, cishe izinsuku ezingama-200 ngonyaka lapho lina nemvula. Umswakama ukhule ebusika, ehlobo kuyalingana.
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Ubusika buqala ngoNovemba, kanti iqhwa lishaya -25 degrees Celsius. Iqhwa lihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, bese liyancibilika ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Intwasahlobo imfushane kakhulu, ihlala amasonto angama-6-8. Kepha ngisho ngoMeyi kungahle kube namaqhwa. Ukushisa okujwayelekile kwehlobo kungama-20- + 25 degrees, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyashisa lapho i-thermometer ikhombisa ngaphezu kwama-degrees angu-35. Autumn iza cishe, njengoba kukhalenda, bese ukushintshana ebusika buthule.
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Uhlobo lwe-Ulyanovsk
E-Ulyanovsk kunenombolo eyanele yezikhala eziluhlaza, kufaka phakathi izitshalo ezingandile, izihlahla, izimbali. Izinto zemvelo zedolobha zivikelwe. Kwakukhona kulo muzi lapho kwenziwa khona umkhuba wokuqala wokuvikela ipaki yemvelo. Lapha, kusungulwe izibonakaliso zolwazi, ezisetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo.
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Iziza zemvelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Ulyanovsk:
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- Amapaki ayi-12
- 9 izikhumbuzo zemvelo,
- Indawo yokuzilibazisa yeSismazhsky.
Edolobheni, ochwepheshe banakekela ngokulondolozwa kokuhlukahluka kwendalo. Kunenani elanele lezinhlobo zezitshalo, izilwane nezinyoni. Uma sikhuluma ngesimo somkhathi, khona-ke umoya wase-Ulyanovsk ungcolile kancane uma uqhathanisa nezinye izindawo zokuhlala. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi idolobha lenza njalo ukuqapha kwemvelo. Kukhona izikhala ezine zalokhu. Ukuqashelwa kwenziwa izinsuku eziyisithupha ngesonto kathathu ngosuku.
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Ngakho-ke, e-Ulyanovsk, indawo engokwemvelo eyingqayizivele, izimo ezinhle zesimo sezulu, isinotho esishisayo nezimbali. Izinkinga zemvelo lapha azimbi kangako njengakwamanye amadolobha aseRussia Federation.
Izici ezijwayelekile
Isimo sezulu sase-Ulyanovsk sakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya lesishingishane sase-Atlantic unyaka wonke, ama-anticalclones ase-Central Asia ehlobo, eSiberia nase-Arctic ebusika. Izinyanga ezinamandla kakhulu ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari. Isembozo seqhwa siphakeme kakhulu (ngokwesilinganiso esingu-41 cm) ngoFebhuwari.
Uhlobo lemvula | Jan | Feb | Mar | Eph | Meyi | Jun | Jul | Aug | USep | Oct | Kodwa ngi | Dec | Unyaka |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kuqinile | 20 | 17 | 11 | 2 | 0,3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0,1 | 2 | 12 | 17 | 81 |
Kuhlanganisiwe | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0,2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 21 |
I-Liquid | 1 | 0,4 | 2 | 9 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 6 | 1 | 109 |
Ukushisa komoya
Ukushisa komoya okujwayelekile e-Ulyanovsk ngokusho kokubukwa kwesikhathi eside kungu-+5.0 ° C. Inyanga efudumele kakhulu nguJulayi, izinga lokushisa lakhona lingama-20.2 ° C. Inyanga ebanda kunazo zonke nguFebhuwari enamazinga okushisa −10.4 ° C. Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu okurekhodwe e-Ulyanovsk kuyo yonke inkathi yokubuka kungu-+39.3 ° C (Agasti 2, 2010), kanti eliphansi kakhulu lingu-−40.0 ° C (uFebhuwari 2, 1967).
Isimo sezulu esinezimo zokushisa esizinzileyo siyamiswa, ngokwesilinganiso, ngoMashi 29, futhi ngesilinganiso sokushisa esilinganayo esingaphansi kwe-zero - Novemba 7.
Ubukhulu kanye namazinga okushisa asezingeni eliphansi lenyanga | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inyanga | Jan | Feb | Mar | Eph | Meyi | Jun | Jul | Aug | USep | Oct | Kodwa ngi | Dec |
Okufudumele kakhulu, u-C | −2,3 | −2,1 | 0,8 | 15,7 | 18,1 | 21,6 | 25,2 | 23,1 | 17,3 | 9,1 | 2,5 | −2,3 |
Kubanda kakhulu, ° C | −21,3 | −22,7 | −11,9 | 0,8 | 9,0 | 13,8 | 15,9 | 15,6 | 7,7 | −2,8 | −11,4 | −18,8 |
Jan | Feb | Mar | Eph | Meyi | Jun | Jul | Aug | USep | Oct | Kodwa ngi | Dec | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Okufudumele kakhulu | 2007 | 2002 | 2008 | 1975 | 1957 | 2010 | 2010 | 2010 | 1957 | 1974 | 2008 | 2006 |
Okubandayo kakhulu | 1967 | 1954 | 1953 | 1979 | 1969 | 2003 | 1956 | 1994 | 1993 | 1976 | 1993 | 2002 |
Unyaka | Jan | Feb | Mar | Eph | Meyi | Jun | Jul | Aug | USep | Oct | Kodwa ngi | Dec | Unyaka |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Okuphelele ngokuphelele | 2007 | 2004 | 2007 | 1950 | 2007 | 1998 | 2010 | 2010 | 1969 | 1991 | 2000 | 1951 | 2010 |
Ubuncane ngokuphelele | 2010 | 1967 | 1958 | 1952 | 2002 | 1950 | 2006 | 1976 | 1996 | 1963 | 1998 | 1978 | 1967 |
Ukunisela, umswakama okuhlobene nokusibekela kwamafu
Imvula ejwayelekile yonyaka e-Ulyanovsk icishe ibe ngu-470 mm. Umswakama womoya ojwayelekile wonyaka ucishe ube ngu-74%, ehlobo - 60-70%, ebusika - 80-85%. Ukuphakama kwezulu okukhulu kwenzeka ngoJuni (63 mm), futhi okungenani ngoFebhuwari noMashi (24 mm). Emnyakeni, inani lezinsuku elinamazwibela alinganiselwa kuma-200 (ukusuka ku-10 ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-23 kuJanuwari).
Umswakama ohlobene | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inyanga | Jan | Feb | Mar | Eph | Meyi | Jun | Jul | Aug | USep | Oct | Kodwa ngi | Dec | Unyaka |
Umswakama womoya,% | 83 | 81 | 79 | 67 | 59 | 67 | 68 | 70 | 73 | 79 | 84 | 84 | 74 |
Ukuqoshwa kwemvula okukhulu ngosuku: 91 mm (kuqoshwe ngoJulayi 2017). Imvula enkulu njalo ngenyanga ngenyanga: 216 mm (iqoshwe ngoJulayi 1989). Imvula yonyaka ephezulu kakhulu: ama-683 mm (aqoshwe ngo-2011). Imvula encane kakhulu ngonyaka: 296 mm (iqoshwe ngo-1976).
Isembozo samafu esiphansi ngamaphuzu angama-3.9, isembozo samafu esigcwele ngamaphuzu ayi-6.5.
Yeqile | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inyanga | Jan | Feb | Mar | Eph | Meyi | Jun | Jul | Aug | USep | Oct | Kodwa ngi | Dec | Unyaka |
Isembozo samafu esiphelele, amaphuzu | 7,7 | 6,7 | 6,2 | 5,8 | 5,7 | 5,7 | 5,2 | 5,5 | 6,3 | 7,1 | 7,9 | 7,7 | 6,5 |
Isembozo samafu, amaphuzu | 5,3 | 4,0 | 3,2 | 2,6 | 2,8 | 3,1 | 2,8 | 3,0 | 3,4 | 4,9 | 6,1 | 5,8 | 3,9 |
Imimoya
Imimoya enamandla ihlangana kakhulu e-Ulyanovsk. Lokhu kungenxa yendawo okukhona kuyo idolobha kwiVolga Upland nasezindaweni zezinguquko ezihlala zenzeka ekucindezelweni komkhathi. Ekuphakameni komoya, ukwanda kweziwombe zasentshonalanga (35%), eningizimu (25%) kanye nasenyakatho (17%) kuvunguza umoya, kuvunguza ngejubane eliphakathi nonyaka lama-3.9 m / s.
Ijubane lomoya | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inyanga | Jan | Feb | Mar | Eph | Meyi | Jun | Jul | Aug | USep | Oct | Kodwa ngi | Dec | Unyaka |
Ijubane lomoya, m / s | 4,4 | 4,4 | 4,0 | 3,9 | 4,1 | 3,4 | 3,0 | 3,2 | 3,5 | 4,1 | 4,2 | 4,1 | 3,9 |
Izici ezithinta imvelo e-Ulyanovsk kanye nesifunda
Isethi yezinkinga zemvelo, e-Ulyanovsk nasesifundeni i-Ulyanovsk, ingahlukaniswa:
- Imithwalo eyenziwe ngabantu
- Ukulahlwa Kwendalo Nokulahlwa Kwemvelo
Yize igunya lokuqoqa, ukuhambisa, ukwenza kabusha nokulahla I-MSW nokungcola kwezimboni esifundeni i-Ulyanovsk esabelwe iziphathimandla zasekhaya, lo msebenzi uhlelwe ngezinga eliphansi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ezindaweni eziningi kunezindawo zokulahla udoti ezingagunyaziwe lapho zonke izinhlobo zezidingo zemvelo zezindawo zokulahlwa kukadoti ziphulwa. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, imililo ivela ngezikhathi ezithile kulezi zinto zokulahlwa komhlaba.
E-Ulyanovsk uqobo, izinkinga ngokushiswa komhlaba nazo ziyasebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, ekwindla ka-2014 edolobheni kwatholakala 238 ukungcwatshwa okungagunyaziwe lapho kuye kwamiswa khona 73. Kepha lokhu kuyingxenye encane, inkinga enkulu.
- Imvelo yemisebe
Izinkinga zemvelo e-Ulyanovsk zihlobene nesimo semisebe. Iningi lezakhamizi likhathazekile ngokusondela okuyingozi kwe-Dimitrovgrad Research Institute of Atomic Reactors, etholakala 120 km ukusuka e-Ulyanovsk. Lapho umsebenzi uqhubeka khona usebenzisa izinto zokuxhumana ezinomsakazo.
Ngokwemvelo, kwinqubo yokukhiqiza, kukhiqizwa imfucuza yomsakazo edinga ukulahlwa okufanele. Ingozi enkulu ukuthi uma igcinwa ngokungafanele ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto zangaphandle, ukwakheka kwetyhefu elinamandla - i-dioxin.
Uma ingena emzimbeni womuntu, ivusa umdlavuza. Ngokwezibalo zezifo ezihlobene ne-oncology, esifundeni i-Ulyanovsk isifunda iSur sihola phambili.
Ngenxa yokuwohloka kwaso, izindawo zokwelapha zidinga ukwakhiwa kabusha kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezinye izindlela.
- Ukushintshwa Kwezimoto Kwe Car Car
Ngesikhathi sokugcina Iminyaka eyi-10-15 Kunokwenyuka kwesibalo sokuphuma komoya kokungcola okuhlukahlukene. Kwakunjalo nangomuzi wase-Ulyanovsk, kanye nesifunda. Ngakho ngonyaka ka-2014 ukuphuma kwezimoto kuye kwaba cishe 50% yenani eliphelele. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda okubukhali kwezimoto, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezimoto zabantu.
Izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga
- Ukusungula inqubo yokulahla imfucuza eqinile yasendlini nasezimboni, kuyadingeka ukwakha izindawo ezintsha zokugcwaliswa komhlaba ezindaweni eziningi zesifunda. Kufanele kunakwe kakhulu enkingeni yokulahlwa nokulahlwa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
- Inhlangano yoshintsho eya ekuhleleni udoti okuyinhloko, lolu hlelo lunamazwe amaningi lapho lubhekwa njengesisombululo esisebenza kahle kunazo zonke.
- Ukuphuculwa kokuphakelwa kwamanzi esifundeni i-Ulyanovsk ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamanzi okugcotshwa kwesifunda sebhange langakwesokudla kusuka ekuqondisweni kwe-Sviyazhsk-Baryshsky, kuthi ikhanda lokudla kwamanzi elisebhange langakwesokudla lase-Ulyanovsk kumele lakhiwe kabusha.
Bukela ividiyo: Imisebenzi Yezindlu Nezomphakathi Ulyanovsk - izinkinga nezisombululo
Ubusika
Ubusika buvame ukwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaNovemba futhi kubonakaliswa isimo sezulu esinamafu nesinomswakama. Isembozo seqhwa sisungulwa ngoNovemba 10-15 futhi sehla ngoMashi 28 kuya ku-Ephreli 7. NgoJanuwari - uFebhuwari, amazinga okushisa abalulekile ehla kusuka ku-0 ° C kuya ku-−25 ° C aqoshwe. NgoFebhuwari kuvame ukucaca futhi kube nesithwathwa. Futhi kuyinyanga ebandayo kakhulu yonyaka. Ubusika buyaphela ngoMashi, kepha ama-friji afinyelela kuma-−25 ° C degrees angakhona kulenyanga. Ukuphakama kwesembozo seqhwa ekuqaleni kukaMashi kusezingeni lama-40 cm.
Ntwasahlobo
Intwasahlobo isikhathi esifushane kunazo zonke sonyaka (izinyanga ezi-2), kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuya eminyakeni eyishumi kaMeyi. Le nkathi ibonakala ngezinguquko ezibukhali zokushisa, ikakhulukazi ngo-Ephreli. Ama-snowfalls ayenzeka eminyakeni yokuqala neyesibili kaMeyi, kepha maningi amathuba phakathi no-Ephreli. Ngakho-ke isimo sezulu esifudumele nasentwasahlobo ka-Ephreli senza indlela ebusika iqhwa ngokuphelele. Kufika ku-20 cm iqhwa lingawa, kepha isimo sezulu sibuyele entwasahlobo sifudumele ngezinsuku ezingama-3-5. Esikhathini esiningi, inyanga maphakathi nentwasahlobo inelanga, yomile, inomoya futhi ipholile. Ukubuya kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, esingakhululeki kakhulu kungenzeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. Eshumini sokuqala sikaMeyi, izihlahla zimbozwe ngamaqabunga nokuduma kokuqala kwezulu kube kuchitheka.
Ihlobo
Ihlobo ligcina izinyanga ezingama-3.5. Ukushisa kudlula uphawu lwe-15 degree ngoMeyi 23 bese unyukela phezulu kuze kube nguJulayi 15. NgoJuni, zombili ukushisa okungu-30 kuya ku-35 ° C kanye nezimvula ezinkulu ezinesimo sezulu esipholile (16 ° C). UJulayi uyinyanga eshisa kakhulu onyakeni, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile nsuku zonke lifinyelela ku-25 ° C bese lihlala izinsuku eziyi-10-15, okuthinta kabi impilo yabantu. Futhi ngoJulayi, ukusilela kwemvula kuvame ukuba nesimilo, kuvame kakhulu, umoya omanzi ngokweqile. Ngo-Agasti, ukushisa kungaqhubeka, noma kungathathelwa indawo isimo sezulu esifudumele nemvula nokuduma kwezulu. U-Agasti, ngokuya ngeminyaka eminingi yokubuka, iyinyanga ekhululekile kunazo zonke onyakeni (zombili emazingeni okushisa nakwezemvula).
Ukuwa
Ukuqala kukaSepthemba e-Ulyanovsk kuyikhalenda nokuqala kwenkathi yekwindla. Le nyanga ibonakala ngamahora amfushane wemini, amafushane ekuseni nemifudumele yasehlobo ehlobo. Izimvula ziba zinde, zivama kakhulu futhi zibanda kakhulu. Ngo-Okthoba, imvamisa ekuseni imbozo imbozwe yiqhwa, ukufikelwa ngumfu sekuya kuba manzi, kunezinsuku ezimbalwa futhi ezicacile. Kepha izinga lokushisa lesikhathi sasemini lisalokhu lifudumeza iqhwa lasekuseni. Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, iqhwa lokuqala liwa, elivame ukuncibilika. Imimoya iya iba namandla. NgoNovemba, isibhakabhaka sinamafu amaningi, umoya wasenyakatho uletha amafrimu wasebusika. Maphakathi nenyanga ka-Novemba, isembozo seqhwa asisancibiliki. I-Autumn imperceptibly inika ubusika.
Ukukhishwa kwezimboni
Inani elikhulu lezimboni (injini, motor, ifenisha) lingcolisa umoya ngezinto eziyingozi. Isabelo esiyinhloko sokukhishwa kwemishini sinikezwa yi-Novoulyanovsk eyinkimbinkimbi yezimboni kanye nesitshalo sikasimende.
Ukungcola kwezimboni kuyinkinga enkulu yesifunda, futhi kwenziwa imizamo eminingi ekulweni nayo.
Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza
Isimo semvelo sesifunda sase-Ulyanovsk sinqunywa hhayi ngohlelo olusungulwe kahle kakhulu lokucubungula, ukusebenzisa, kanye nokulahla imfucumfucu yezimboni kanye neyabantu: kukhona ukungcola komhlaba edolobheni nangale. Ezinye zazo zivela ngokungazenzisi, ngoba abantu aban ndawo nje yokufaka udoti. Ngo-2016, kwabiwa imigwaqo engama-230, kwathi engama-73 yayo yacekelwa phansi. Izinqwaba zemfucumfucu esele zinobuthi, ngandlela thile zinemisebe, zingcolisa umoya namanzi.
Amachibi namanzi
Ngenxa yokusebenza okusebenzayo kwama fektri, izimoto eziningi, isimo sesizinda samanzi esifunda sihlala siwohloka. Amakhemikhali ayingozi angcolisa imvelo yasemanzini esifundeni i-Ulyanovsk, ethinta ikhwalithi yamanzi okuphuza nokunikezwa kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izindlela zokwelapha amanzi nohlelo lwamapayipi ziyaguguleka futhi zidinga ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa.
Phezu kwesici somuntu, izehlakalo zemvelo zithonya isimo semvelo yasemanzini: ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukubhujiswa kogu, ukuchitheka kanye nezikhukhula.
Imisebe
Esifundeni sase-Ulyanovsk kusebenza isikhungo sokucwaninga semithombo ye-athomu. Izinto zomsakazo ezisetshenziswa ososayensi ziyingozi kubantu nemvelo. Ngenqubo yokucwaninga, kudedelwa izinto ezinobuthi nezinobuthi ezidinga amasu akhethekile wokulahla.
Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lokulahlwa kukadoti aluzange lusungulwe, ngakho-ke okunye kokukhishwa kungena emkhathini, enhlabathini, emanzini bese kungena emzimbeni womuntu. Izinto ezi-radioactive zivusa umdlavuza. Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi inani leziguli ezinomdlavuza selokhu kuvulwe isikhungo sokucwaninga selikhule kakhulu.
Izimoto
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ukungcoliswa komoya ovela ezimotweni bekukhula esifundeni. Ngo-2016, cishe ama-50% okukhishwa okulimazayo ayeqhamuka ezimotweni.
Le nkinga ihlanganiswa yiqiniso lokuthi abantu abaningi kakhulu bathenga izimoto ezizisebenzisela bona.
Izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga
Phakathi kwemicimbi ebanjelwe esifundeni ukuphucula isimo semvelo, kukhona:
- ezokwakha, ukulungisa izinhlelo zokuhambisa indle,
- ukuphuculwa kwezinsiza zokwelapha,
- ukuhlelwa kwezindikimba zamanzi,
- Ukuqinisa amabhange emifula, amachibi namachibi.
Ngokwesekwa kweziphathimandla zasekhaya, sekuqaliswe amaphrojekthi amaningana okuthuthukisa imvelo nokulwa nezinkinga zemvelo. Uhlelo lwePure Water lwenzelwe ukuhlinzeka izindawo zokuhlala esifundeni ngamanzi ahlanzekile okuphuza. Kulokhu, kwakhiwa iziteshi ezintsha zokuhambisa amanzi, ezindala ziyakhiwa kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kuphathwa amanzi angcolile namanzi.
Ngokungeziwe kuManzi Amsulwa, iphrojekthi yePure Volga yamukelwa. Idlala indima ekhethekile esifundeni i-Ulyanovsk, ngoba iVolga igeleza endaweni yayo. Inhloso yephrojekthi ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamanje nokuvimbela okusha. Ngale njongo, kwakhiwa izakhiwo zokwelapha futhi zilungiswe emabhizinisini amukelwe njengezingcolisa kakhulu. Ngokusho kwemithombo esemthethweni, i-Ulyanovsk Vodokanal ingenye yokungcola okunodlame kakhulu kwamanzi aseVolga.
Indima ehlukile idlalwa ngama-laboratories lapho afunda khona ukwakheka kwamanzi, izinga, uhlobo lokungcola. Iphrojekthi ye-Pure Volga ifaka ezenzweni zokwakha inhlonipho yomfula phakathi kwabahlali bendawo. Ngaphezu kweVolga uqobo, izintela, imifula emincane yesifunda, iyahlanza.
Olunye uhlelo esifundeni i-Ulyanovsk okuhloswe ngalo ukulwa nezinkinga zezemvelo ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obungeyona imfucuza. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwemfucuza yezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe obudala obukhona, ukusebenzisana kwamafekthri nezolimo ekusebenziseni imfucumfucu kanye nokubhujiswa kwawo kuyaqiniswa.
Esifundeni i-Ulyanovsk, kwasungulwa i-Ecological Chamber. Umsebenzi wakhe uhlinzekwe ngabaphathi besifunda kanye nomphakathi, kepha awufaki isikhulu esisodwa. Abamele izikhulu, izinhlangano zezemvelo, izikhungo zemfundo, izikhungo zocwaningo basebenza ndawonye ukuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo.
Umsebenzi we-Economic Chamber ukusungula ukuxhumana phakathi kweziphathimandla nomphakathi. Isibonelo, ezimweni zokwephulwa kohlelo lwezemvelo, iChamber yazisa iziphathimandla ngabo futhi iqhamuka nezindlela zokuxazulula inkinga. Amalungu eChamber abuye ahlaziye imithetho yezemvelo abeke iziphakamiso zamaphrojekthi amasha aqalwa abahlali abajwayelekile esifundeni.
Kwakhiwa “uHulumeni Wezemvelo”. Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu ukuthi ube ngumqhubi phakathi kwamagatsha kanye namazinga kahulumeni, ukuxhumanisa imisebenzi eqhubekayo emkhakheni wokuvikela imvelo, ukuvumelanisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwebhizinisi, umbuso nomphakathi.
Izinkinga zemvelo ziyizinto ezingezinhle zemvelo ezingathinti imvelo uqobo lwazo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuphila nempilo yabantu. Umhlaba wonke ufuna ukunciphisa imiphumela elimazayo yomuntu emvelweni.I-Russia nayo iyodwa. Yonke indawo, ngezinga elithile noma kwelinye, kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa isimo semvelo.
Kodwa-ke, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma ngenqubomgomo yezomnotho ehlangene ngokuphelele lapho zonke izinto zixhumene futhi zisebenza ngokubambisana. Kusadingeka ukuthuthukisa izindlela, ukuchaza imisebenzi, izinjongo ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga elifanele lokuphepha nempilo esifundeni sase-Ulyanovsk.
Kuyadingeka ukwakha uhlelo olulodwa oluzohlola isimo sendawo ezungezile, silawule futhi siqinisekise ukusetshenziswa okuhle kwezinto zemvelo, futhi sandise ukubaluleka kwemvelo kuwo wonke umuntu ngemfundo, indlela akhuliswe ngayo namasiko. Konke lokhu ngemuva kwalokho kuzoba nomthelela omuhle ebunganini bemvelo basifunda sonke, impilo yabahlali kanye nenhlala-kahle yezwe lonke.
Inqaba engazange inikele kuRazin
Umlando weSimbirsk (ngokunembile, iSinbirsk, njengoba besho futhi wabhala ngaleso sikhathi) waqala ngo-1648. Ngokuyalelwa kukaTsar Alexei phakathi kweVolga neSviyaga, idolobha elivikelekile labekwa phansi ukuze livikeleke ngezizwe ezazihlubuka, ukuhlaselwa kwalo okwakukuchithe kaningi ngempumelelo. Ekwindla ka-1770, inqaba yaseSinbirskaya yavumelana nokuvinjezelwa odume kakhulu emlandweni wayo, ibutho likaStepan Razin lalimela ngaphansi kwezindonga zalo. Akakwazanga ukuthatha inqaba: URazin uthole isilonda sempi futhi wehla ngomkhumbi eVolga. Kulesi siqephu somlando waso, idolobha lathola ijazi lezingalo zokuqala.
Ingqophamlando ebalulekile emlandweni waleli dolobha ngumlilo we-1864, owachitha ingxenye yesine yomuzi kanye nazo zonke izakhiwo zedolobha ezidume kakhulu, kubandakanya neNhlangano Yezizwe kanye ne-Spassky Monastery.
ISimbirsk yayiyisizinda sesifunda kanye nesifundazwe segama elifanayo, kodwa ekuqaleni kwalelikhulu lama-20 leminyaka yalahlekelwa isimo sesikhungo sokuphatha. Kuphela ngo-1943, ngemuva kokuqanjwa kabusha, leli dolobha laguquka laba inhloko-dolobha yesifunda sase-Ulyanovsk esasisanda kwakhiwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba i-Ulyanovsk yaphenduka isikhungo sezimboni futhi yaqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Kwakhiwa izindawo zokuhlala ezintsha, kwakhiwa amabhizinisi (ngaleso sikhathi, ikakhulukazi, izimboni zobunjiniyela nezokuvikela).
Ngo-1970 ukuya ku-1980, u-Ulyanovsk wazizwa e-heyday: ochwepheshe abaningi abasebasha beza lapha ezitshalweni ezintsha nasendaweni yokwakha yaseKomsomol.
Manje i-Ulyanovsk iseyidolobha elithuthuka ngokuqhubekayo eligcinile izici ezithokozisayo zamagugu eSoviet ekwakhiweni kwayo nasekwakheni kwayo. Abavakashi abaningi bakhangwa lapha ngumbala othize.
Kufudumele kepha kunomoya
I-Ulyanovsk ingeyesifunda saseVolga. Idolobha litholakala endaweni eshisayo yesimo sezulu, isimo sezulu sijwayele abantu abaningi baseRussia, ngokushintshwa kwezinkathi zonyaka, ubusika busika kanye nehlobo efudumele.
Isimo sezulu somuzi sishisa izwekazi. Isifunda i-Ulyanovsk sibonakaliswa yisimo sezulu esomile kancane kunasenkabeni neRussia. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengoba isazi semimozulu sesiphawulile, isimo sezulu siye sathamba kakhulu, kepha inani lezinsuku ezinamafu ngonyaka liye landa. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nonyaka selicishe libe ngu-5 ° C, okuphelele ngokuphelele kuwo wonke umlando wokubonwa ngu-39.3 ° C, kanti ubuncane ngu-40 ° C.
Ehlobo e-Ulyanovsk kuthatha izinyanga ezingaba ngu-3.5 (kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba). NgoMeyi, iqhwa lisengenzeka. Inyanga eshisa kakhulu ngoJulayi. Ubusika bungena maphakathi no-November kuya ekuqaleni kukaDisemba futhi buqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi no-Mashi.
Umfula iVolga, osebeni lapho leli dolobha likhona, lithinta kakhulu isimo salo sezulu: e-Ulyanovsk kuvame ukuba nomoya. Imimoya ayijabulisi ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yezimvula zasehlobo. Baphenduka imvula ibe yisiphepho sangempela, ongeke wasifihla ngaphansi kwesambulela. Kwesinye isikhathi isivunguvungu kanye nomoya onamandla awela edolobheni. Kwezinye izinhlekelele ezenzeka esifundeni futhi zidala izinkinga kubahlali, umuntu angahlukanisa ukukhukhula kwemigwaqo ngenxa yezimvula ezinkulu (ehlobo) kanye nokushiswa kweqhwa (ebusika).
Amapaki Ngokumelana Nemisebe
I-Ulyanovsk idume ngokuma kwayo nomhlaba kanye nokubukwa okuningi okuhle: imifula emithathu igeleza idolobha (ngaphezu kweVolga, futhi neSviyaga neHering). Ingxenye yesithathu yensimu yedolobha ihlalwa yi-Kuibyshev reservoir. Cishe i-17% yendawo yase-Ulyanovsk yizindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe (izinto ezingaphezu kuka-20, eziyi-12 zazo ezingamapaki). Lapha, ngokokuqala ngqa, le ndlela yokuvikelwa kwezilwane zasendle yethulwa njengepaki yemvelo. Esifundeni sase-Ulyanovsk, izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezingama-1,271 zinhlobo zezitshalo, zazo ezingama-67 zithathwa njengezinqothuliwe, futhi ezingaba ngu-60 zibhalwe kwi-Red Book.
Umcebo onjalo wemithombo yamanzi nezikhala eziluhlaza wenza imvelo ye-Ulyanovsk izinze futhi ilunge impela. Okunye okuhle ukuthi ukungabikho komkhiqizo olimazayo. Azikho izitshalo ze-metallurgisco nezamakhemikhali edolobheni (imboni eyinhloko ezobunjiniyela).
Phakathi kwezinto ezingezinhle, okulandelayo kungaphawulwa:
- Ukungcoliswa kwemoto. Njengasemadolobheni amakhulu onke, iphakeme impela.
- Ukungcoliswa kwemisebe. I-Ulyanovsk ngo-1986 yaba enye yezindawo okwenzeka kuzo ukuqhuma kwemisakazo ngemuva kwengozi yaseChernobyl. Muva nje, izazi zemvelo zithole amanzi e-uranium esifundeni. Isizinda semisebe esifundeni sase-Ulyanovsk sikhuphuke kancane, kepha singaphansi kwemingcele ejwayelekile.
- Okunye okukhathaza abahlali yisikhungo iDimitrovgrad Research Institute of Atomic Reactors, esingamakhilomitha ayi-120 ukusuka kuleli dolobha. Izakhamizi zase-Ulyanovsk kanye nesifunda ziphakamisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo singakhiqiza imfucuza enomsakazo, yize lokhu kungaqinisekisiwe ngokusemthethweni.
Umuzi ofuna ukuhlala kuwo
E-Simbirsk yangaphambili, izizwe eziningana zinokuthula eduze. Lawa ngamaRussia, amaTatar, amaChuvash, amaMordovian abantu abavamile bakwaVolga. AmaRussia akha iningi (ngaphezulu kwama-75%), amaTatar endaweni yesibili (10%). Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile e-Ulyanovsk sihambisana nezinkomba zezwe: iminyaka engama-70 abesifazane kanye nama-59 eyabesilisa. Isibalo sabantu abaphilile edolobheni cishe singama-60%, kanti abahola impesheni cishe bangama-20%.
Inani labantu baleli dolobha selisezingeni elifanelekile (ukuzala lidlula inani lokufa) futhi lisakhula ngenxa yabokufika abasebenza kuleli dolobha abavela ezifundazweni nasemazweni ase-Central Asia (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan). Leli dolobha linezikhungo ezintathu, i-yezolimo yezolimo, isikole sokuhamba ngendiza nezikole ezimbili zamasosha. Izicelo zivela kulo lonke izwe futhi zivame ukuhlala lapha ukuze ziphile futhi zisebenze.
Inani elikhulu kunazo zonke labantu base-Ulyanovsk lafika ngonyaka we-1997, ngenkathi abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-680 behlala edolobheni. Manje lo muzi unezakhamizi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-618, kepha kunenkambiso yokwanda.
Abomdabu abadumile bomuzi
Isakhamuzi sedolobha esidume kakhulu, yiqiniso, umuntu owamnika igama lakhe lokugcina uVladimir Ulyanov-Lenin. E-Ulyanovsk kukhona uLenin Street, uLenin Square, kanye nesifunda sonke saseLeninsky. Umholi wale nguquko uphinde anikelwe kwesinye sezindawo ezihehayo zedolobha lesikhumbuzo seLenin, lapho, phakathi kokudalulwa, kukhona nendlu yakhe yomnyuziyamu.
Umdabu wesibili odumile kuleli dolobha ngu-Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov, oyingqayizivele yezincwadi zaseRussia, umbhali we-Oblomov odumile namanoveli adumile .. UCliff, Ordinary History, uFrigate Pallas. E-Ulyanovsk kunomnyuziyamu ongokomlando nowokubhalwa kombhali, igama lakhe yaseshashalazini, umnyuziyamu wolwazi wasendaweni nomtapo wezincwadi. E-Ulyanovsk kukhona iGoncharova Street nesikhumbuzo sesikhumbuzo kumlobi.
ISimbirsk yangaphambili ayincishwanga izibalo zezincwadi nezobuciko: imbongi uNikolai Yazykov (umngani kaPushkin) noDmitry Minaev, umlandeli wasekhulu lama-19 leminyaka, bazalelwa lapha. ISimbirsk yindawo okwazalelwa kuyo umbhali wezinzwa uNikolai Karamzin, owayebuye abe ngumlobi ovelele waseRussia. Umdwebi wezinhlungu u-Arkady Plastov nomqambi wezinsimbi u-Alexander Varlamov bazalelwa lapha.
Ezomnotho kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali
Namuhla, i-Ulyanovsk iseyidolobha eliphumelelayo kwezomnotho, isikhungo sezimboni salesi sifunda. Indawo ehamba phambili ekwakhiweni komnotho wamadolobha ihlalwa ngamabhizinisi okwakha umshini (okokuqala, isitshalo se-UAZ - isiqhwaga sezimoto), kanye namabhizinisi asebenza ngezinsimbi nawokwakha izindiza.
Isakhiwo sezindiza i-Avastar-SP sisanda kukhombisa amandla amahle: ngonyaka ka-2014, sikhuphule kakhulu ukukhiqizwa futhi sabizwa ngokuthi yi-airbag yesifundazwe yezomnotho. Elinye ibhizinisi eliphumelelayo, ngokusho kwemiphumela yangonyaka owedlule, isitshalo se-UMP.
Umkhakha wokudla nawo ukhombisa impumelelo: ngonyaka ka-2014, ukukhiqizwa embonini kukhule ngo-8.3%.
Ngo-2015, isabelomali sedolobha esalungiswa sase-Ulyanovsk sabeka inani lemali ngenani lama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-370 nezigidi ezingama-49.18 zama-ruble, okuzoqhamuka kulo imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.3. Kucatshangwa ukuthi isabelo esikhulu semali yasemadolobheni sizoba yizintela: kusuka kubantu (cishe ama-37%), ezinhlanganweni (cishe ezingama-24,5%) namabhizinisi (cishe ama-9.5%). Izindleko ezinkulu zedolobha zihlelelwe inkundla yomphakathi: imfundo, ezempilo, inqubomgomo yenhlalo. Sekukonke, zonke izindleko zonyaka zizofinyelela kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-824, okungukuthi, isabelomali sihlelwe ngokushoda cishe kwe-10%. Lokhu kungaphansi konyaka owedlule, lapho bekushoda khona bekuyi-14%.
Ukuhlaziya zonke izinkomba zeminyaka eyedlule, abaholi balesi sifunda bakholelwa ukuthi u-2015 uzobe ezolile ngomnotho wedolobha: uzohlala usezingeni lika-2013-2014. Naphezu kokuwohloka komnotho eRussia, i-Ulyanovsk ayilahli isisekelo semali yayo futhi igcina isikhundla sibonga ngenxa yamabhizinisi ayo.
I-Ulyanovsk inezinga eliphakeme lokuphila (umholo ojwayelekile wabahlali bomuzi lapha ungaphezu kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-13, okuncane kakhulu ukwedlula ezweni lonke). Ngakho-ke, idolobha liyathandeka kubatshalizimali. Ngo-2014, inani labo lenyuka ngokuqhathaniswa ne-2013: engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2013, ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-23,251.5, kwathi engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2014, sekuvele ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-25677.4.
Nawa amanye amaphrojekthi wedolobha elikhulu nawesifunda lapho kwakhiwa khona imali eyimfihlo:
- I-Forest cornfield, imboni yokwenza izinkuni,
- I-Volga-Sport-Arena ne-Spartak, izakhiwo zemidlalo,
- Umtholampilo we-Oncology onesikhungo sokuxilonga,
- Izikebhe zeScheffler
- Isikhungo Sokuthenga i-Agave,
- Amafutha e-Yakushkinsky ayisikhilimu, iphrojekthi yeHenkel.
Ngokungafani nemboni, ezolimo esifundeni azithuthukisi kangako. Isibonelo, iSakho-Agro, ibhizinisi elikhulu lezimboni zezolimo, ibingasizakali iminyaka eminingi futhi ifakiwe ezinhlwini zabakweletwayo. Ekupheleni kuka-2014, ezolimo zesifunda azikhombisanga ukwanda, ubunzima obukhulu ekulimeni kwemfuyo.
Amabhizinisi we-Ulyanovsk
I-Simbirsk yangaphambili itholakala enhliziyweni yesifunda iVolga, ebhekwa njengengcono kwezolimo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ezolimo nokufuya izinkomo esifundeni athuthukiswa kahle. Ngokwesiko, uhlangothi oluqinile lwe-Ulyanovsk ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Idolobha linamabhizinisi amaningi akha idolobha. Amafulegi omnotho awezimoto, izindiza, injini, amathuluzi womshini. Kwimboni ekhanyayo, singakwazi ukwahlukanisa ukukhiqizwa kwefenisha kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla.
Amabhizinisi amakhulu wedolobha:
- I-Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Manje iyingxenye yokubanjwa kwezimoto zakwaSoller, ngaphambili eyayaziwa ngokuthi yiSeverstal-Avto. Imikhiqizo yesitshalo, i-UAZ SUVs, ikhiqizwe kusukela ngo-1941 futhi isaqhubeka idingeka. Lezi zimoto ezinamasondo amane ezinomklamo wanamuhla kungenye yezimoto ezimbalwa zaseRussia ezingadalanga abanikazi be-irony. Ngokwesisekelo sebhasi le-UAZ, kwenziwa izimoto ezikhethekile (izimoto eziphuthumayo, ama-ambulensi). Manje lesi sitshalo sinikeza imisebenzi yezakhamuzi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa zase-Ulyanovsk.
- I-CJSC Aviastar-SP - ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza izindiza. Ikhiqiza izindiza zochungechunge lukaTu-204, An-124 no-Il-76. Isakhiwo samabhizinisi sifaka ama-workshops endiza yezindiza kanye ne-aerodrome yokuhlola. Inkampani yezindiza ihlala idinga abasebenzi abasha futhi yamukela ngokuzithandela abafundi abavela emanyuvesi nasezikoleni zezobuchwepheshe.
- I-Ulyanovsk Motor Plant OJSC (UMP) inkampani ekhiqiza izinjini ze-UAZ ne-GAZ (uphethiloli nophethiloli).
Amanye amabhizinisi obunjiniyela nawo atholakala kuleli dolobha (iVolodarsky Machine-Building Plant, iSimbirsky Machine-Tool Plant), izitshalo ezimbili ezisebenza ngomshini, amabhizinisi amaningi okukhiqiza imishini kagesi, ifenisha, i-confectionery kanye nezimboni zezindwangu.
I-Ulyanovsk isakhiwa
Inani eliphakeme lokuzalwa, inani elikhulu labafuduki kanye nokufika kwabafundi abazofunda konke lokhu kudala isidingo esikhulu sezindlu e-Ulyanovsk. Futhi yakhiwe ngenkuthalo, bobabili ngabatshalizimali futhi ngezindleko zikamasipala. Ukwakha kungenye yemikhakha yezomnotho yasemadolobheni, yona ekhula ngokushesha, yize kunesiphithiphithi kwezomnotho.
Ngo-1995-2006, cishe azikho izindlu ezakhiwe kuleli dolobha, futhi lokhu kwabangela ukushoda okukhulu kwamamitha skwele. Ngemuva kwalokho ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngesivinini esikhulu: ngonyaka ka-2012, i-Ulyanovsk yathatha indawo yokuqala esifundeni iVolga Federal ngokwesilinganiso sokukhishwa kwezindlu ezintsha. Manje kunokunikezwa okwanele emakethe yezindlu ezintsha, futhi abahlali base-Ulyanovsk, abaxazulula inkinga yezindlu, bakhetha ukukhetha amafulethi amasha.
Ukwakhiwa okuphansi (izindlu zangasese, amadolobhana okuhlala) nawo athuthukiswa edolobheni, kepha amakamelo asesimeni esikhulu kakhulu. Imakethe ishaya izindlu ezibiza kancane ezindlini ezintsha, ezindlini zokuhlala ezimbili nezindlu ezimbili.
Ngaphandle kwawo wonke amanani aphezulu okwakhiwa, okufunwa yizindlu zedolobha kuhlala kuphakeme: ngonyaka ka-2015 kuhlelwe ukuthi kufinyelele inani le-25.2 sq. m umuntu ngamunye, naseYurophu naseMelika, lesi sibalo ngamamitha skwele angama-50-60. Ngakho-ke, e-Ulyanovsk, amandla amakhulu okwakha asacashile.
Umuzi onjani
I-Ulyanovsk yisikhungo esikhulu sesifunda eMiddle Volga: ukuya eMoscow - 870 km, Samara - 240 km, Kazan - 220 km. Manje bangu-649,000 abantu abahlala e-Ulyanovsk.
Iwebhusayithi yeDomofond yenza ukukalwa kwamadolobha aseRussia ngamazinga okuphila ngo-2018 - Ulyanovsk endaweni yesi-79
Idolobha lasungulwa ngo-1648 futhi laqala labizwa ngeSimbirsk. Ngaphansi kweSimbirsk amabutho e-tsarist anqoba ibutho likaStepan Razin. Esebenzisa iSimbirsk, uSuvorov washayela eMoscow the Emelyan Pugachev. UPushkin uze lapha ukuzovakasha, kwathi lapho eza nendlela wenza icebo lokuthi "Indodakazi Yenduna."
Umhlali odume kakhulu kuleli dolobha nguVladimir Ulyanov, aka Lenin. Ngenhlonipho yakhe, ngo-1924, iSimbirsk yaqanjwa kabusha. U-Ivan Goncharov, Nikolai Karamzin, Alexander Kerensky no-Arkady Plastov nabo bazalwe lapha. Isazi u-Andrei Sakharov, umsunguli wemiklomelo kaNobel nomqambi webhomu leSoviet hydrogen, wasebenza iminyaka emithathu e-Ulyanovsk.
Malini iphathi evikela indlu?
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu esikhungweni kukhuphuke ngokubonakalayo kwintengo e-Ulyanovsk: ngonyaka we-2013 kuphela, ukwenyuka okungama-8%. Lokhu akuphunyukanga ukunakwa abathuthukisi, futhi manje izinkampani eziningi zitshala imali ezez enkabeni yedolobha. Ngo-2013, kwaqedwa futhi kwaqashwa isakhiwo esikhulu sabantu abakhethekileyo enkabeni yedolobha laseSimbirskiy. Ijubane lokuthengiswa kwamafulethi kulezi zakhiwo ezintsha lifakazele ukuthi e-Ulyanovsk kunesidingo sezindlu zalesi sigaba.
Ngo-2013, amanani entengo yezindlu enkabeni ye-Ulyanovsk afinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-46- 47. nge-m2 ngayinye. Abahlaziyi baphawule ukuthi izindlu zizokhuphuka, futhi enkabeni lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngesivinini esikhulu. Kukhona okungase kube khona: ngokusho kwemiphumela yonyaka we-2013, i-Ulyanovsk real estate yaqashelwa njengeyona eshibhile esifundeni saseVolga. Kepha isimo ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zedolobha ziyehluka kakhulu. Phakathi kwezindawo ezibizayo kukhona i-Far and Near Zasviyazhye, Kindyakovka, i-micro district Sever (cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-45 nge-m2). Umuntu wangaphandle uyithengiswa endaweni ephansi yeLower Terrace: lapha izindleko ezimaphakathi ngesikwele ngasinye zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-37.
Manje enkabeni yedolobha akukho ukushesha kokwakha. Izifunda ezakhiwe kakhulu e-Ulyanovsk zihlala iZasviyazhsky, Zavolzhsky neLeninsky. Kulapha ukuthi amafulethi akhiwe ngenkuthalo futhi athengwe. Ulyanovsk ubamba iqhaza ohlelweni lwesifunda lokuhlinzeka izakhamizi izindlu: abaphathi bezifunda bahlele ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,7 ukuze kwakhiwe amafulethi ezindlu zomnotho.
Ulyanovsk ubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni okwabiwe, tshala imali ebolekayo. Ngo-2013, isibalo sabanini zimali sikhuphuke ngamaphesenti ayi-15 uma siqhathaniswa nango-2012. Izakhamizi azesabi ukuphazamiseka kwezimali noma ukwenyuka kwamanani wemalimboleko.
Omakhelwane
Ngokubusa, i-Ulyanovsk ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezine ezinkulu: iZheleznodorozhny (eningizimu), Leninsky (enyakatho kanye nendawo), Zasviyazhsky (entshonalanga) neZavolzhsky (empumalanga).
- Isifunda saseLeninsky sekuyisikhathi eside sithathwa njengesihlonishwayo: abantu abasedolobheni abahle, izicukuthwane, abathengisi abahlala lapha. Manje isikhungo esingumlando sedolobha sitholakala lapha, lapho izindlu zasendulo bezilondoloziwe. Izakhamizi zihlala zihlukanisa le ndawo zibe yisikhungo (sebhizinisi ingxenye) nasenyakatho (izindlu zesabelomali kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele). Le ndawo imbozwe ngokuphelele futhi lokhu kufaniswa kahle nokunye.
- Isifunda sesitimela sathola igama laso esiteshini esikhona lapha. Manje e-Ulyanovsk kuneziteshi ezimbili, ezindala nezintsha. Kulapha lapho kwakhiwa khona ama-skyscrapers adumile eSimbirsk. Le ndawo isime kahle ngenxa yokusondela kwayo kulesi sikhungo.Ibuye ibe ne-subareas yayo engekho emthethweni: iMicrodistrict yesine (eduzane nendawo ephakathi nedolobha ne Kindyakovka (indawo ethule eluhlaza enobuningi bendlu yangasese).
- Isifunda saseZasviyazhsky saqala ukukhula ngaphansi kwengxenye yekhulu edlule. Eduze nendawo kuyakhiwa i-Khrushchevs enezitezi ezinhlanu, yonke ingxenye yendawo izakhiwo zephaneli ezinezindlu ezingabizi kakhulu. Indawo yokulala ejwayelekile.
- Isifunda saseZavolzhsky. Okude kakhulu nesikhungo futhi okuncanyana kakhulu. Kepha lapha iNew Town entsha itholakala - iMicrodistrict, eyakhelwe eduze kwe-Avastrom, enesakhiwo esihle sasemgwaqweni nezindlu ezintsha.
Izakhiwo ezihehayo nokuhehayo
Izakhiwo ezimbili ezaziwa kakhulu e-Ulyanovsk yiLenin Memorial ne-Civil Avation Museum.
Isikhumbuzo savulwa ngeminyaka eyikhulu yokuzalwa komholi. Itholakala emaphethelweni eVolga, endaweni ephezulu ebizwa ngeCrown. Isikhumbuzo seLenin siyinkimbinkimbi ehlaba umxhwele ehlanganisa izakhiwo eziningana nesikhumbuzo. Eyokuqala isakhiwo esiyisikwele, esihlala iMnyuziyamu weLenin, kanye namahholo ezinkulumo, amagumbi okufundela namanye amakamelo.
Uhlelo lokwakha iSikhumbuzo lwavunywa ngo-1965. Ngemuva kwalokho kwanqunywa ukuthi kulondolozwe imigwaqo nesikwele esiseduze nomyuziyamu njengenani lezakhiwo hhayi ukonakalisa isithombe sesikhungo sedolobha ngezakhiwo ezinamakamelo amaningi. Isinqumo sisasebenza.
I-Civil Avation Museum e-Ulyanovsk inemibukiso ecishe ibe ngu-9,000 futhi inkulu kunazo zonke eRussia. Ezinye zazo zingabonakala emahholo, kanti ezinye zivulekile (izindiza ezingaphezu kuka-30 zilinde izivakashi enkundleni yezindiza).
Phakathi kwezakhiwo ezinhle zomlando zedolobha (ngendlela, ezigcinwe ngokucophelela) yile:
- Indlu yaseMinaev
- Ihhotela laseVietnam
- Isitolo sezincwadi seJurgens
- Indawo yokuzivocavoca yesifundazwe.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zingosi ezidumile zabavakashi, kunezikhumbuzo okungenani ezingama-40 e-Ulyanovsk. Ezinye zazo yizinkokhiso ezibalweni ezidumile zesayensi nezobuciko (I. A. Goncharov, N. M. Karamzin, K. Marx), ezinye zimiselwe izivakashi (itshe lesikhumbuzo kuya kwesipuni, itshe lesikhumbuzo elingu-E).
I-Ulyanovsk yidolobha elimangalisayo lapho umlando uhlangana khona ngendlela emangalisayo nesimanje. Ngokungafani namadolobha amaningi omlando, akazami ukusinda ngokuxosha izivakashi, kodwa ngenkuthalo uthuthukisa umkhiqizo wakhe. Le ndawo iheha izandla ezisebenzayo ezinamandla, idolobha labantu abazethembayo ngekusasa.
Umsebenzi nomholo
I-Ulyanovsk yidolobha lezimboni. Lapha benza ama-UAZ, izindiza, ama-cartridge, imishini yezokwelapha, ushokoledi weMars, ifenisha, imishini yokusebenzisa izinsimbi ze-DMG Mori, amaminerali aseVolzhanka nokunye okuningi. Amabhizinisi amaningi avele e-Ulyanovsk phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, lapho akhishwa engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe. Izimboni ezinkulu kunazo zonke yizimboni ze-UAZ neKontaktor, kanye nefektri yaseRus knitting.
Kukhona nezinye izinkampani ezinkulu. E-Ulyanovsk, kunesikhungo sezingcingo se-MTS, lapho ababhalisile bevela kulo lonke ucingo lwe-Volga call, kanye nehhovisi lephrojekthi yabezindaba iLifehacker.
Umholo ophakathi nezakhamizi wase-Ulyanovsk ngonyaka we-2018 ubungu-28,332 R. Abasebenzi base-Ulyanovsk abasebenza embonini yezimayini bazuza kakhulu - ama-ruble angama-36,075. Umholo ojwayelekile emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngama-ruble angama-31 500. Abakhi bathola ama-37 500 R. Ngaphandle komsebenzi kuhlala i-4.4% yabantu abasebenzayo.
Imisebenzi e-Ulyanovsk iyaseshwa ku-Avito naseNhlokohunter. Ezindaweni eziningi, banikela ngemisebenzi ngama-20,000 R ngenyanga.
P lapho ugobe u-2/2 ububanzi = "2000" ukuphakama = "1384" iklasi = "uhlaka olubekiwe" isitayela = "ububanzi-ubukhulu: 1000.0px, ukuphakama: i-auto" idatha-emingceleni = "yiqiniso"> Umlawuli ku "Ribbon "Uthola ama-22 500 Р ohlelweni 2/2 P "wide =" 2000 "ukuphakama =" 1652 "class =" outline-bordered "style =" max-wide: 1000.0px, urefu: auto "data-bordered =" True "> Uthisha waseNgilandi uthola 21,000 P P "wide =" 2000 "ukuphakama =" 1372 "class =" outline-bordered "style =" max-wide: 1000.0px, urefu: auto "data-bordered =" True "> Umuntu osebenza embonini esebenza ngokutholwa uthola 20,000 P
Amabhizinisi amakhulu aleli dolobha yi-Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant kanye ne-Ulyanovsk A ndege Building Plant. E-UAZ, ngaphezu kwamaSUV aziwa kakhulu, enza amaloli aseJapan Isuzu. Izindiza ze-Tu-204 kanye ne-Il-76 zenziwa esakhiweni sezindiza, kanti ne-An-124 Ruslan, indiza ethwala kakhulu emhlabeni, yenziwa. Iphinde ikhiqize izinto ezingaphakathi kwesikhumulo sezindiza i-Sukhoi Superjet 100.
Ojwayelene ne-UAZ uthi iholo elijwayelekile esitshalweni ngama-ruble ayi-15,000 kuya ku-14,000. Kwamabhonasi - isaphulelo esingu-5% ku-UAZ entsha, ebiza kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-800 kuye kwezingama-1.1.
isilinganiso somholo e-Ulyanovsk ngonyaka we-2018
Embonini yezindiza, imiholo iqala kuma-ruble angama-20,000. Abasebenza nemindeni bahlinzekelwa izindlu zokuhlala. Uma usebenza esitshalweni isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10, ungathola u-100 000 R njengenkokhelo ephansi yempahla ebanjiswayo. Amaningi athatha imali-mboleko, kepha aqhubeke nokuhlala ezindlini ezisemthethweni, futhi aqashe indawo yokuhlala.
P "wide =" 2000 "ukuphakama =" 1324 "class =" outline-bordered "style =" max-wide: 1000.0px, urefu: auto "data-bordered =" True "> Umholo womakhi embonini yezimoto ngu-21 000 P R. Ungakufunda lokhu ngqo embonini ezinyangeni ezi-4-5. Esikhathini sesikhathi sokufunda, bazokhokha i-scholarship engu-13,000 P "wide =" 2000 "urefu =" 1400 "class =" outline-bordered "style =" max-wide: 1000.0px, urefu: auto "data-bordered =" True "> Umhlanganisi wezindiza uthola i-30,000-50,000 R. Ungakufunda ngqo lokhu efektri izinyanga ezi-4-5, kuthiwe umfundaze we-13,000 Р uzokhokhelwa ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa.
Kunzima ukuthola umsebenzi omuhle ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho, futhi akucaci ukuthi ungawuthola kuphi lo msebenzi. Kuvela umbuthano onobunzima, okuvela kuwo wonke umuntu ngendlela yakhe. Omunye uzinza ngokujwayelana nabantu, omunye ashiye elinye idolobha, abanye basebenze nomaphi lapho kufanele, kuze kube yilapho bethola okungcono.
Ngemuva kweyunivesithi, umngani wami akakwazanga ukuzitholela umsebenzi, kodwa ngabangane uthole umsebenzi kalula ebhange. Umuntu afunda naye ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 yobungcweti bezomthetho waba ngumdwebi wezimonyo, wazivulela owakhe i-salon futhi wahola imali engaba ngu-R50 R - manje akaqondi ukuthi kungani efundeleummeli.
Ezezindlu
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kuye kwakhiwa izindlu eziningi e-Ulyanovsk. Esizeni "i-Cyan" sinikezela ukukhetha ifulethi kwizakhiwo zokuhlala eziyi-112.
Izakhiwo eziningi ezintsha zitholakala emaphethelweni: kunensimu ehlanzekile engakhiwa ngisho nangaphezulu. Azakhi izindlu kuphela, kepha nezikole ezinamazingane. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwakhiwa izindlu ezingama-72, izingane ezinkulisa ezimbili, isikole nepaki kule microdistrict eseNingizimu-Ntshonalanga.
Imitha yesikwele yezindlu ibiza isilinganiso sama-42,800 R. Izindlu ezibiza kakhulu zisezitini zezindlu ezifudumeza ngokuzimela. Amanani ezindlu zekamelo elilodwa aqala kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-1.5.
Izindlu zesibili zishibhile. Amakhaya amaningi aneminyaka engaba ngu-50 ubudala. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga, ngokunokwenzeka, kuzodingeka ukuthi utshale imali ngokulungiswa: shintsha ukuxhumana, amabhethri noma amamitha.
Izinkokhelo zokusebenzisa zingahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngekhaya. Abazali bami bakhokha u-2500 R ehlobo no-3500 R ebusika ngeKhrushchevka yamamitha angama-46. E-Ulyanovsk ngibuye ngibe nefulethi elingama-44 m², kodwa endlini entsha futhi enokushisa okuzimele. Ngikhokhela ifulethi elihlanganayo i-1200 R ehlobo no-2000 R ebusika.
Izakhiwo ezintsha esifundeni sase-University Embankment. Akuyona indawo engezansi yedolobha eyakhiwa, kepha isigaba esizimele Efulethini lokuhlala "iNingizimu-Ntshonalanga" efulethini elinekamelo elilodwa kubiza ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-2.3 I-Odnushka endlini yezitini enokushisa okuzimele nefenisha kubiza ama-ruble ayizigidi ezi-3,3
Qasha. Izindleko zokuqasha indlu enekamelo elilodwa enokulungiswa okuhle ziqala kusuka ku-15 000 R ngenyanga. Nge-7000 R ungaqasha indawo yokuhlala ngaphandle "ngokulungiswa kukagogo." Izindleko zokusebenzisa zivame ukukhokhelwa ngumqashi.
Kunabafundi abaningi e-Ulyanovsk, futhi bavame ukuqasha amafulethi. Ehlobo, abafundi baya eholidini, futhi kukhona amafulethi amaningi amahhala. Ngesinye isikhathi, ehlobo lonke ngazama ukuqasha indawo yokuhlala, kodwa ababeyifuna yavela kuphela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
P ngenyanga "ububanzi =" 2000 "ukuphakama =" 1214 "iklasi =" uhlaka olubanzi "isitayela =" ububanzi-ubukhulu: 1000.0px, ukuphakama: okuzenzakalelayo "idatha-bordered =" True "> Ukuqasha ifulethi elinekamelo elilodwa endaweni entsha ebiza 16 000 R ngenyanga P ngenyanga "ububanzi =" 2000 "ukuphakama =" 1238 "iklasi =" uhlaka olubanzi "isitayela =" ububanzi-ubukhulu: 1000.0px, ukuphakama: i-auto "idatha-emingceleni =" yiqiniso "> Ifulethi ngaphandle kokulungiswa ingaqashwa ngo-7000 R ngenyanga
EzokuThutha
Minibuses - ezokuthutha zomphakathi eziphambili e-Ulyanovsk. Kwesinye isikhathi kuphela lapho ungafika ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zedolobha. Ukuhamba ngezindleko zamabhasi amancane 20 R.
Ama-Trams agijima kulo lonke idolobha, ngaphandle kwesifunda iZavolzhsky - kukhona ama-trolleybus esikhundleni samathamu. Imali ekhokhwayo ingu-18 R. Ukuze wonge imali, ungathenga ikhadi lokuhamba. Okujwayelekile kubiza u-850 R, umfundi - 510 R, isikole - 340 R.
kuyadlula njalo ngenyanga e-Ulyanovsk
Ukusuka etekisini kuya e-Ulyanovsk kukhona abakwa-Gett, Maxim, Yandex Taxi kanye nabakwaRutaxi. Intengo ngohambo ngalunye kuya ngesidingo nebanga. Ukufika kuma-microdistrict angomakhelwane ngezindleko ezijwayelekile u-130 R, enkabeni yedolobha - 170 R.
Kulula kakhulu ukuthi umama wami ukugibela ithilamu. Uthenga ikhadi lokuhamba, kwesinye isikhathi ushayela i-minibus netekisi. Ngenyanga usebenzisa imali engaba ngu-1000 R ngohambo. Lapho ngifika e-Ulyanovsk, ngivame ukusebenzisa ama-minibuse. Kuzo ngisebenzisa cishe i-1,500 R ngenyanga. Ngibiza itekisi ngohlelo lokusebenza lweselula laseMaxim, lapho nginesaphulelo esingu-20%. Lapho zingekho izimoto zamahhala, ngishayela uYandex Taxi. Kwaphela inyanga etekisini ngishiya enye i-1000 R.
Ejarni traffic traffic jams zivame ukwakhiwa edolobheni: Ulyanovsk mude kakhulu, futhi imigwaqo incane. Emgwaqweni ongenalutho, uhambo olusuka esifundeni saseNingizimu-Western luya esikhungweni sithatha imizuzu engama-20, ngehora lokujaha - imizuzu engama-40. Imvamisa, kwenzeka izimoto ezenzeke eMoskovsky Highway, endaweni yebhuloho enqamula iVolga neSviyaga, eMgwaev Street naseNarimanova Avenue.
Ama-minibuse e-Ulyanovsk - uhlobo oluphambili lokuhamba. Photo: Iqembu le-Ulyanovsk-Online eVkontakte Ngo-2018, iMoscow yathutha amathilamu angama-40 kanye namabhasi angama-15 trolley aya e-Ulyanovsk. Manje babizwa ngokuthi "abasha", yize bekhululwe ngonyaka we-2005
Isiteshi sesitimela
Isiteshi sesitimela sisanda kulungiswa. Manje ukulinda isitimela kuhle kakhulu. Esigcawini esiseduze kwesiteshi kwavela amabhentshi, ama-urns kanye nokukhanyiswa okusha kwe-LED. Emnyango, kufakwe irampu. Umgwaqo wenziwe wabanzi, manje izimoto azihambi njengoba zifuna, kodwa ngemizila emibili yokungena nokuphuma.
Ngaphakathi esiteshini, konke kwashintshwa, ngaphandle kwezithombe zamaqhawe oHlelo luka-Okthoba, iMpi Yezwe kanye neMpi Yezwe II. Babeka phansi uthayela futhi baqeda izindonga, bathatha amakhethini amakhulu ngamalambu e-LED, kwaqhamuka ikamelo likamama nengane.
Uhambo oluya eMoscow luzothatha amahora angama-14 futhi luzodla u-1600 R uma uya esihlalweni esigciniwe, bese kuthi u-2500 R ube sekhampanini. Ithikithi lenombolo yesitimela enophawu engu-022 esihlalweni esigciniwe nekhampasi libiza okufanayo - 3000 R. Kulesi sitimela, izimoto ezintsha ezinezikhoxe ziyi-Wi-Fi.
Ngesinye isikhathi bengishayela eMoscow ngigibele imoto. Lolu hambo lubambe ama-700 R kuphela, kepha bekumele uchithe amahora ayi-16 nabasebenzi ababedakiwe. Azange zivuse, kepha iphunga lentuthu lalimi kuyo yonke imoto. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngithatha ithikithi kuphela esihlalweni esigciniwe: Ngiye ngalala ngokuzolile kusihlwa, kwathi ekuseni ngavuka enhlokodolobha.
Izikhumulo zezindiza
Kukhona izikhungo zezindiza ezimbili e-Ulyanovsk. Kodwa yize iziphathimandla zibiza u-Ulyanovsk ngokuthi "imali yokuhamba ngezindiza", izindiza ezijwayelekile zindizela eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg kuphela. Ithikithi lokuya eMoscow ngezindleko “Zokunqoba” kusuka ku-2000 R.
Isikhumulo sezindiza iKaramzin Central sitholakala Zasviyazhsky District. Ukusuka maphakathi nendawo kuya esikhumulweni sezindiza kungafinyelelwa ngebhasi eligudlikile imizuzu engama-20 R nama-40. Ngetekisi kushesha, kepha kufanele ukhokhe kuze kufike ku-300 R. Ehlobo, izindiza ezihlangene ziya ngendiza eTurkey, eSochi naseCrimea.
ithikithi elijwayelekile ukusuka e-Ulyanovsk kuya eMoscow
Isikhumulo sezindiza i-Ulyanovsk-Vostochny singamakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka edolobheni. Ungangena kuyo ngetekisi kuphela ngo-1500 R. Ibizwa ngokuthi yamazwe omhlaba, kepha ngokusobala ayifinyeleli amazinga aphezulu futhi isetshenziswa kaningi kwezokuhambisa nezidingo zamasosha.
Ngasikhathi sinye, eVostochny omunye wemigwaqo emikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni - ngamakhilomitha ama-5 ubude nama-105 m ububanzi. Ukuze uqhathanise, ubude bomgwaqo owenziwe esikhumulweni sezindiza eSheremetyevo buyi-3.7 km. "Ukukhuphuka" okunjalo kwakudingeka ifektri yendiza yendawo. Lapha, kwenziwa ukuhlola kwebhanoyi lendiza yezimpahla yaseRuslan ne-Tu-160 ibhomu. Ngo-2012, bahlela ukuvumela izindiza zezokuhamba zamasosha eNATO zidlule kuVostochny, kepha babuye bashintsha imiqondo yabo ngenxa yokujeziswa kwaseNtshonalanga.
Isikhumulo sezindiza saseKaramzin sitholakala phakathi kwedolobha, futhi singafinyelelwa ngebhasi elisheshayo. Photo: Iqembu le-Ulyanovsk-Online eVkontakte Lesi akusona isizinda sabavukeli be-Star Wars, lesi Isikhumulo sezindiza i-Ulyanovsk-Vostochny
Umuthi
Umtholampilo omkhulu kunayo yonke e-Ulyanovsk yisibhedlela somtholampilo wesifunda. Iphatha izakhamizi ezivela kuso sonke isifunda. Benza ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo nokuvula inhliziyo. Futhi esigcemeni sokubeletha kunemibandela yezingane ezisanda kubahlengikazi ezinesisindo kusuka ku-500 amagremu.
Ukubonisana kokuqala esibhedlela sesifunda kubiza 890-1290 R, ECG - 250 R, X-ray - 300 R. Baze bayihlinzela ngopulasitiki. Ukushintsha ukwakheka kwempumulo noma ukuqinisa isikhumba kuzodla u-50 000 R.
kufanelekile ukwenza i-rhinoplasty e-Ulyanovsk
Amazinyo avame ukwelashwa imitholampilo yangasese. Ukwelapha ama-caries ngu-700-800 R, faka uphawu - 2000-3000 R. Udadewethu uhlala eMoscow, kodwa uya kudokotela wamazinyo e-Ulyanovsk. Kushibhile lapha.
Abazali belashwa emtholampilo wesifunda. Basho ukuthi kunodokotela abafanayo njengasesikhungweni sezokwelapha esizimele. Ngokufanayo, kufanele uthenge umuthi, kepha ukwamukela mahhala. Lapho ingalo yami isuswa, kodwa inqubomgomo yami ingenami, ngaphendukela e-Academy Medical Center. Bathathe ukuhlolwa okungu-600 R futhi bathi imiphi imithi abazoyithenga.
Isibhedlela Somama Р, MRI - kusuka ku-3000 Р "ububanzi =" 1000 "ukuphakama =" 667 "iklasi =" "isitayela =" ububanzi: 1000px, ukuphakama: auto "> E-Ulyanovsk kukhona amagatsha angaba ngu-9 esikhungo sezokwelapha esizimele se-Academy. 650-1250 R, MRI - kusuka ku-3000 R
Ezemfundo
Kunezikole eziningi eziqinile, izindawo zokuzivocavoca kanye nama-lyceums e-Ulyanovsk. Kwezinye, izilimi zifundwa ngokujulile, kwezinye, izibalo kanye ne-physics. Ngikholwa ukuthi isikole sami sasinabafundisi abahle. Ngakwazi ukungena eSt. Petersburg State Fire Service yoMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo waseRussia. Iningi labafundi engangifunda nabo nabo bangena emanyuvesi ezindaweni zamahhala.
Ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme ezikhethekile kuleli dolobha kukhona amakolishi ezisebenza ngemishini, ezokwelapha nezokwakha, emanyuvesi - e-Ulyanovsk State University, kanye namayunivesithi ezobuchwepheshe kanye nawezemfundo, i-Institute of Civil Aviation kanye nelezolimo.
I-State University inamakhono ayi-8. E-Faculty of High Technologies, kuneBosch Academy, lapho abafundi beqeqeshelwa khona ukusebenza ngezimoto. Izindleko ezijwayelekile zokuqeqeshwa zingama-89 000-101 000 R ngonyaka. Intengo ephezulu kakhulu yezifundo e-Faculty of Medicine isuka ku-101,000 iye ku-173,000 R ngonyaka.
Abangane bami abaningana eminyakeni yami yabafundi bakwazi ukuvakashela e-United States naseJalimane. Bafundela esikhungweni saseRussia-America kanye neRussia-Germany. Manje banamadiploma amabili - amaRussia nawakwamanye amazwe. Baphindele e-Ulyanovsk futhi bathola ama-ruble angaba ngu-60,000.
Inyuvesi yezobuchwepheshe inamakhono ayi-13. Onjiniyela, abakhi bezindiza, abahleli bohlelo kanye nonjiniyela abasebenza iziqu lapha. Imfundo lapha ibiza cishe okufanayo - ukusuka kuma-ruble angama-90,000 kuya kwangama-103,000. Ngo-2017, kwavulwa iMitsubishi Electric Laborator of Industrial automation ePolytechnic. Abafundi manje bafunda ukwenza amabhizinisi ukuthi asebenze kangcono, kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa amarobhothi ezimboni.
Kubiza kakhulu ukuyofunda e-Ulyanovsk Institute of Civil Aviation. Ukuze uthole idiploma yomshayeli, udinga ukukhokha u-162 570 R ngonyaka. Izindiza ezindizeni ezifundisayo kanye ne-simulator zikhokhwa ngokuhlukile. Isikhungo sikhiqiza ababhekeli bezindiza, abalawuli bezindiza nabachwepheshe bezokuphepha. Iningi labafundi abacebile abangachemile bafunda lapha. Abantu engibajwayele abavela kwaLetka basebenza eLufthansa nasePulkovo Airport eSt.
I-Ulyanovsk State University osebeni lomfula iSviyaga. Ngemuva kwesakhiwo esikhulu kukhona ikhampasi nenkundla yokuhlala enendawo enhle, izinkundla zemidlalo, indawo yokubhukuda kanye nenkantolo yethenisi I-P ngonyaka "ububanzi =" 1000 "ukuphakama =" 667 "isigaba =" "isitayela =" ububanzi: I-1000px, ukuphakama: i-auto "> I-Civil Aviation Institute - baqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza lapha. Ukuqeqeshwa okubiza kakhulu kuvela ku-162 570 P ngonyaka
Isimo sezulu
Isikhungo sedolobha sisegqumeni eliphakathi kweVolga neSviyaga, ngakho-ke e-Ulyanovsk cishe kunomoya.
Ubusika buneqhwa. Ekupheleni kukaJanuwari, le yinkinga yangempela. Kuyakhaqhwa futhi kuneqhwa, kepha abanaso isikhathi sokukususa. NgoMeyi, kusenokuba khona iqhwa.
Kuyashisa kakhulu ehlobo - kuze kufike ku- + 35 ° C. Akukho mvula, izilimo nabantu bayahlupheka. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, ungaphunyuka ekushiseni olwandle. Kepha-ke, ebusweni beVolga, ulwelwe oluhlaza okotshani luqala ukuqhakaza, nalo olunephunga elibi.
Njengas esifundeni sonke sakwaVolga, abantu bezizwe ezihlukene bahlala e-Ulyanovsk. Iningi labo bonke abantu baseRussia bangama-72.8%. Phakathi kwamanye amazwe, kunqoba amaChuvash, amaTatar, uMari noMordva. Zonke zikhuluma kahle isiRussia.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kwenziwa imikhosi epaki yedolobha futhi kugujwa i-Akatuy - leli yiholide lakwaChuvash lokuhlonipha ukuphela komsebenzi wasensimini. Abadlali bayadlala, abantu bacule futhi badanse, balungisa izitsha zokupheka zikazwelonke futhi babambe imincintiswano ngemiklomelo.
Ngemuva cishe inyanga, amaTatar agubha uSabantuy. Alukho usuku oluqondile, leli holide ligubha ngosuku oluphume ngalo ngemuva kokuphela komsebenzi wasensimini nangaphambi kokuqala kokushaywa kwenhlabathi. Usuku lwamanje lweSabantuy lungatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeWorld Tatars Congress.
AmaTatar agubha into efanayo ne-Chuvash, kodwa ngendlela yabo. Ngaphezu kwezingoma, imidanso nokudla, kubanjwa imincintiswano kuleso sikhathi samaTatar alwa namabhande - "Kuresh". I-wrestler ngayinye ithola ibhande, ebamba umphikisi bese izama ukumshaya. Wonke umuntu angabamba iqhaza. Owinayo uthola imoto, ngakho-ke umncintiswano mubi.
Cishe njalo ngenyanga, abaculi abavela eChuvashia, eTatarstan, eMordovia naseMari El beza e-Ulyanovsk. Phambilini bekukhona ukusakazwa kwezilimi zesiTatar nesiChuvash kuthelevishini yendawo. Ngemuva kwalokho bayeka ukubabalela imali, bavala.
Akukho ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile ngobuzwe. Imvamisa abantu abafanayo bagubha bobabili i-Akatuy ne-Sabantuy. Imindeni eminingi exubekile. Izingxabano ngezizathu zezwe aziqhamuki, kodwa kuyenzeka ukuthi abashadikazi ezinhlizweni zabo baithuke bodwa: "Hheyi nina maTatar!"
Ukusebenza emkhosini we-Chuvash we-Akatuy Belt wrestlingincintisana emncintiswaneni wamaTatar uSabantuy
Ukusekelwa komndeni
Ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zokusekelwa komndeni ezihlangene, ezendawo nazo zisebenza e-Ulyanovsk.
Ukuhlawuliswa kwengane yokuqala. Omama abancane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-25 bathola enye imali eyisibonelelo sika-3,000 R. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iholo labo akufanele lidlule ku-15 500 R.
Inhlokodolobha ebhalisiwe "Umndeni". Ngokubambisana nezinkokhelo ezihlanganisiwe, imindeni izothola i-R50,000 yengane yabo yesibili, ne-100,000 R yezingane zesithathu nezilandelayo. Ukuze uthole imali, udinga ukulingana nezidingo zohlelo. Isibonelo, umuntu osefulethini akufanele abe ngaphezu kwama-12 m².
Isenzo "Rodi Patriot ngosuku lweRussia". Uma ingane izalwa ngoJuni 12, umbusi endaweni yemikhosi ubhekisa umndeni ngezihluthulelo zePatriot UAZ entsha nesitifiketi semali esingama-R50 000.
Kukhona okunye okukhokhelwayo, kepha akukubi kakhulu. Abaningi abafuni ukuhambisa imibhalo ngoba besaba ukusebenzisa isikhathi nemali eningi ekubuzweni. Ngenhlanhla, anginakho okuhlangenwe nakho okunje.
Ukudla & Ukupheka
Izitolo ezinkulu nezimakethe. Njengakwezinye izindawo, amaketanga okudla okuphethwe yi-Ulyanovsk. Lawa ngama- "Magnet", "Pyaterochka" ne "Crossroads". Okusanda kuvela "u-Auchan" no "Tape". Kusenethiwekhi yendawo yeGulliver. Ngisithanda kakhulu lesi sitolo ngoba imikhiqizo yalapho iyintsha futhi ayibizi.
Kukhona izimakethe zokudla eziningana esifundeni ngasinye sedolobha. Kwesinye isikhathi kubanjwa imisindo yezolimo lapho ungathenga khona imikhiqizo yasepulazini. Ababelethi bami abazithengi izithelo nemifino ehlobo ngoba banegadi yabo yemifino. Kwanele ngokwayo, kepha okuthe xaxa kuthengiswa emakethe. Abahlali bafika kwezinye igceke kanye ngesonto ukuzothengisa imikhiqizo yobisi. Amanani asesitolo, kepha ikhwalithi ingcono.
Ababelethi bami basebenzisa imali engaba yi-17,000 R ngenyanga. Isinkwa sithathwa ebhikawozi eduze kwendlu, inhlanzi nenyama - emakethe. Ukuthengwa kuthengwe eGulliver noma kwa-Auchan. Ezitolo ungathenga noma yimiphi imikhiqizo, futhi nabazali banokwanele.
Ababelethi bami bachitha emalangeni athengwa njalo ngenyanga
Amanani womkhiqizo omaphakathi:
- trout, 1 kg - 500 R,
- inyama yenkomo, 1 kg - 260 R,
- ingulube, 1 kg - 230 R,
- isalmoni epinki, 1 kg - 160 R,
- inkukhu, 1 kg - 120-160 R,
- ubisi, 1 l - 45-80 R,
- isinkwa - 27-29 k.
Amakhekhe nezindawo zokudlela. Intela ejwayelekile endaweni yokudlela noma yokudlela ngaphandle kotshwala ingama-700-1000 R. Kukhona izikhungo eziningi ezikhona esikhungweni, kepha, ngokusobala, zisheshe zibe yisicefe emphakathini wendawo. Ngakho-ke, amakhofi nezindawo zokudlela zivame ukuguqula amagama abo, imiqondo bese kulungiswa. Uma ngifika e-Ulyanovsk, abantu engibajwayele bavame ukuthi: "Into entsha yatholakala lapho, mina uqobo ngangingekho, asihambe siyothola." Kepha kukhona nezindawo ezimnandi esesebenze iminyaka eminingana futhi ezingakhali ngokungabikhona kwamakhasimende.
ETradadvisor, indawo ethandwa kakhulu e-Ulyanovsk indawo yokudlela yaseCzech Veprevo Koleno. Bengingekho, kepha ngangisendaweni yokudlela yesibili edumile yaseSpinach. Inomoya omnandi nokudla okumnandi. Enye indawo yokudlela edumile i-cuisine yase-Ukraine "Hopak". Ukuhlobisa nokuhlobisa lapho kufana nendlwana yeCossack.
Indawo yokudlela yase-Ukraine Cuisine "Hopak". Photo: Iqembu le-Ulyanovsk-Online eVkontakte
Ezokuzijabulisa
Amamovie amaningi atholakala ezindaweni zokuthenga. Ithikithi le-movie libiza kusuka ku-250 R.
E-Ulyanovsk kunezinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi nezihlwathi, kanye nemidlalo yaseshishini yentsha. Amathikithi abiza u-200-300 R, kungcono ukuwathenga kusengaphambili. Isonto ngaphambi kombukiso, kunezindawo kuphela kugalari.
Njalo ngenyanga, abaculi nabathandi bomculo beza edolobheni. Isibonelo, uYuri Shatunov, uValery Meladze noMot bazokhuluma kungekudala. Imvamisa kuza uNadezhda Kadysheva. Ngathenga ithikithi lekhonsathi yakhe kumama ngo-2500 R. Kubukeka kimi ngathi amathikithi okusebenza e-Ulyanovsk ashibhile kunakwamanye amadolobha. Kepha ngingaqhathanisa kuphela neRostov-on-Don. Ithikithi lokuya kuMbukiso Wokudansa e-Ulyanovsk libize i-1,500 R, kuthi kwiRostov - 3,000 R, ekhonsathi okwenziwe uGrigory Leps - 2 500 R, eRostov - 4,000 R.
Njalo ehlobo, ifektri ye-Avastar ibamba usuku oluvulekile. Wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuhamba ngezinyawo ebhizinisini futhi abheke izindiza. Ungahlala ngisho naseshelweni lendiza yemithwalo. Emuva ngosuku oluvulekile, kubanjwa umbukiso womoya. Lapho iqembu le-aerobatic "Swaps" lenziwa kuma-jets fighter.
Ehlobo, isitshalo se-Avastar sibamba usuku oluvulekile, futhi wonke umuntu angabuka izindiza eziqoqwe kuso
Ukubona
Eminyakeni yaseSoviet, u-Ulyanovsk wayethakazelisa izivakashi ngokuyinhloko njengendawo azalelwa kuyo uLenin, ngakho-ke iningi lokukhanya linikezelwe kuye. Umgwaqo u-Vladimir Lenin ahlala kuwo waba indawo yokugcina imnyuziyamu futhi akakashintshi kusuka ekufeni kwakhe.
Indaba emnandi ixhumene nesikwele esenkabeni yedolobha. Phambilini bekukhona isonto lesonto, kepha ngaphansi kokubusa kwamaSoviet, yadilizwa kwafakwa nesikhumbuzo sikaLenin. Le ndawo yaziwa njengendawo yokugubha kuka-Lenin yeminyaka eyi-100. Ngemuva kwalokho babefuna ukubuyisa isonto lesonto, kodwa kwadingeka bamise ukwakhiwa, ngoba le ndawo isendaweni enamakhaza. Ngo-2018, ngemuva kwemibukiso eminingana, le ndawo yaqanjwa kabusha. Manje uLenin umi eCathedral Square.
Ukusuka eCathedral Square kuqala amaVoulevard Venets. Lo mgwaqo uhamba ngezinyawo abantu base-Ulyanovsk abathanda ukuhamba kuwo. Itholakala egqumeni eliphakeme, futhi inikeza umbono omuhle wedolobha neVolga.
Eduze kwesikhumulo sezindiza esiqanjwe ngeKaramzin kungumnyuziyamu wezindiza, lapho izindiza eziningi zimi khona endaweni evulekile. Azisandiza ukundiza, kepha abathwebuli bendawo bayathanda ukuzisebenzisa njengemuva langemuva lokushaywa kwezithombe.
Izinkinga
Ubugebengu. Eminyakeni yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye e-Ulyanovsk bekukhona amaqembu amaningi obugebengu ezinsizweni. Iminyaka emaphakathi yababambiqhaza isukela eminyakeni eyi-12 kuye kweli-19. Esikhathini esiningi babandakanyeka ngokweba okuncane nokuphanga koontanga. Manje izingcingo zomakhalekhukhwini kanye neziqophamazwi zomsakazo zeba okuncane, futhi amaphephandaba akasabhali ngokulwa kwale ndawo.
Umoya. Esigodini saseZavolzhsky, abanikazi abazimele bayabandakanyeka ekwenziweni kwefenisha emisebenzini egalaji. Abalahli imfucumfucu, kepha bamane bayishise, ngakho-ke uvame ukuhogela intuthu nxazonke.
Ehlobo, kudoti kukhanyisela i-landfill. Ngemuva kwalokho amadolobhana aseduze ambozwe ngentuthu emnyama ye-pungent. Abanye osomabhizinisi bathatha amabhodlela epulasitiki, amaphepha odoti kanye namathayi okuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha, kepha akusindisi emsini.
Amanzi. Uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi enkabeni yedolobha seludala, futhi nekhwalithi yamanzi ayilihambile. Amanye amayadi anezitaki zamanzi - ungathenga ngisho nengilazi eyodwa yamanzi. Ababelethi bami bathenga amanzi ezihlalweni ezinjalo, futhi abangane bami basebenzisa isihlungi esijwayelekile.
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Isifinyezo
Ngashiya u-Ulyanovsk ngemuva kwesikole. Ekuqaleni ngafunda eSt. Petersburg, manje ngihlala eRostov-on-Don. Njalo ngonyaka ngiza ekhaya ngibone ukuthi u-Ulyanovsk ushintsha kanjani. Kepha kunento asayidinga. Abantu abehlukene bahlala lapha, kepha iningi labo linobunzima ukwedlula kwezinye izifunda.
Kubukeka sengathi isipoki sobukhomanisi sisaqhubeka sizulazula kulo muzi, futhi enye yezinto ezikhathazayo ngabaphathi ukuthi kuvule enye indawo yezitolo futhi kuqanjwe kabusha leli dolobha eSimbirsk.