Ubude bomzimba wenyoka yasentabeni yobukhosi buqala ku-0,9 bube yimitha elilodwa.

I-Royal Mountain Snake (Lampropeltis pyromelana)

Ikhanda limnyama, ikhala likhanya. Ikhonkco lokuqala elimhlophe ngenhla kwesimo esincane. Isikhumba sinephethini ethandwayo yemivimbo ebomvu, emnyama nomhlophe. Engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, imivimbo emnyama ngokwengxenye ngokungena iphethini elibomvu. Esiswini, izingxenye ngazinye zombala omnyama, obomvu, ophuzi zihlanganiswa zingahlanganisiwe, zakha umbala wabantu abahlukahlukene. Kunemisipha ekhanyayo engama-37- 40; isibalo sawo singaphansi kwaleyo engaphansi kohlobo lwe-Arizona, oluvezwa inani elikhulu - 42-61. Ngaphezulu, amabale amnyama abanzi, ezinhlangothini ziba mncane futhi zingafinyeleli esikalini esiswini. Ngezansi komzimba kumhlophe ngemivimbo engabonakali ekhilimu ekhanyayo ebekwe ezinhlangothini.

Owesilisa nowesifazane babukeka efanayo.

Kusemsileni wesilisa kuphela omude, onobukhulu obukhethekile eziko, kusukela ku-anus inesimo se-cylindrical, iphenduka isigaxa. Umsila wowesifazane umfishane futhi awunawo ukuqina phansi, unesimo sesigaxa.

Ukusakazeka Kwenyoka Yenkosi

Inyoka yasentabeni yasebukhosini ihlala ezintabeni zaseHuachuca, ezitholakala eMexico futhi ziyaqhubeka e-Arizona, lapho le nhlobo ifinyelela khona eningizimu nasenkabeni. Indawo yokuhlala isuka ezifundeni ezisenyakatho neMexico, iyaqhubeka eSonicora naseChihuahua.

Owesilisa nowesifazane babukeka efanayo.

Indlela yokuphila yaseRoyal Mountain Snake

Inyoka Yasebukhosini - Ground Reptile. Kuzingelwe kakhulu emini. Ebusuku, icasha ngemisele yemigodi, imigodi phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla, ngaphansi kweziqu eziwile, ngaphansi kwamatshe amatshe, phakathi kwamatshe aminyene, emijondolo nakwezinye izindawo zokuphephela.

Inyoka yasentabeni yasebukhosini ithanda izindawo ezinamadwala endaweni ephakeme.

Ukuzala inyoka yasentabeni yasebukhosini

Isikhathi sokufuya izinyoka zasentabeni yasebukhosini ziba ngo-Ephreli futhi zihlala kuze kube nguJuni. Izilwane ezifuywayo zizalela eminyakeni engu-2-3 ubudala, izinsikazi zinika izingane kamuva kunezabesilisa. Ukubuka okumangazayo. Ukumataniswa kwezinyoka kuthatha imizuzu eyisikhombisa kuya neshumi nanhlanu. Amaqanda avuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-50-65. Kwimashi, kuvame ukusuka kwabathathu kuya kwabayisishiyagalombili. Izinyoka ezincane zivela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-65-80. Baqala ukuzidla bodwa ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala. Isikhathi sokuphila sisukela eminyakeni engu-9 kuye kwelishumi.

Isikhathi sokufuya izinyoka zasentabeni yasebukhosini ziba ngo-Ephreli futhi zihlala kuze kube nguJuni.

Izinyoka ezisezintabeni zaseRoyal zigcinwa zodwa emgqonyeni onqenqemeni olinganiselwa ku-50 × 40 × 40 cm.Ukuthunjweni, lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo luthambekele ebukhoneni futhi luhlasela izihlobo zalo. Izinyoka ezisezintabeni zaseRoyal akuzona ezihuquzelayo ezinobuthi, kanti ubuthi bezinye izinyoka (abahlala endaweni efanayo) abusebenzi kuzo, ngakho-ke bahlasela izihlobo zabo ezincane.

Amazinga okushisa aphezulu asethelwe ku-30-32 ° C, ebusuku ehliswa ku-23-25 ​​° C. Ukushisa okujwayelekile, sebenzisa izintambo ezishisayo noma uthango olushisayo. Beka izitsha ngamanzi okuphuza nawokugeza. Izinqubo zamanzi ziyadingeka ezidliwayo ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. ITerrarium ihlotshiswe ngamagatsha owomile, iziqu, amashalofu, izindlu. I-cuvette egcwele i-sphagnum ibekwa ukugcina indawo enomswakama ukuze inyoka ibe nethuba lokumba kuyo. Isihlabathi sama-coarse, udrako ohlanzekile, amakhukhunathi kakhukhunathi, umugqa ongaphansi komhlaba noma izingcezu zephepha lokuhlunga zisetshenziswa njengomhlabathi. Fafaza ngamanzi afudumele nsuku zonke. I-Sphagnum kufanele ihlale imanzi njalo, lokhu kuzosiza ukwenza umoya ungabi owomile.

Ekuthunjweni, lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo luthambekele ekubekeni insangu futhi kuhlasela izihlobo zalo

Izinyoka zenkosi zithunjiwe ama-hamsters, amagundane, amagundane nezigwaca. Kwesinye isikhathi zinika amaxoxo aphindayo nezikhala ezincane. Kumetabolism ejwayelekile, ukugqokwa okuphezulu kwe-Vitamin-mineral kufakwa ekudleni, lezi zinto zidingeka kakhulu izinyoka ezincane ezikhulayo. Ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala, eyenzeka ngosuku lwe-20-23, bondliwa ngamagundane.

Imibhalo engezansi yenyoka yasentabeni yasebukhosini

Inyoka yasentabeni yasebukhosini yakha ama-subspecies amane kanye nenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ze-morphological ezihlukile kumbala wesikhumba.

Inyoka yasebukhosini yasentabeni yakha izingcingo ezine

• I-Subspecies (i-Lampropeltis pyromelana pyromelana) iyisilwane esincane esidliwayo esinobude bamamitha ayi-0,5 kuye ku-0.7. Sisatshalaliswa eningizimu-mpumalanga nasenkabeni ye-Arizona, enyakatho neMexico. Ububanzi bufika e-Sonora uye naseChihuahua. Ihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingamamitha ayi-3000.
• I-subspecies (i-Lampropeltis pyromelana infralabialis) noma i-lip Arizona yasebukhosini engezansi inesayizi womzimba ongu-75 kuye ku-90 cm, kuyaqabukela ifinyelela ngaphezu kwemitha eyodwa. Isikhumba senziwe ngopende obomvu okhanyayo ngemivimbo emhlophe namnyama.
  Itholakala e-United States empumalanga yeNevada, enkabeni nasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Utah, e-Arizona e-Grand Canyon.
• Ama-Subspecies (Lampropeltis pyromelana knoblochi) - Inyoka yaseRoyal Arizona Knobloch.
  Uhlala eMexico, uhlala esifundazweni saseChihuahua. Kuholela empilweni yobusuku obungajwayelekile nobumfihlo, ngakho-ke izici ze-biology zezikhungo ezingaphansi azizwisiseki ngokuphelele.U ubude bomzimba bufika kumitha eyodwa. Imigqa emhlophe ebanzi enezindawo ezinobumba obomvu obuxande obunomngcele omnyama eceleni komgede, ohlelwe ngokulandelana, umi phakathi enkabeni yohlangothi lwe-dorsal. Imicu emhlophe yangemuva ihlukaniswe ngemicu emincane yombala omnyama, ehlukanisa phansi obomvu obugqamile. Esiswini kunephethini lesikali esimnyama esisabalale.
• Ama-Subspecies (Lampropeltis pyromelana woodini) - Snake Royal Arizona Snake. Kusatshalaliswa e-Arizona (Huachuca Mountain), nayo etholakala eMexico. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala ogwadule emadwaleni aphakemeyo. Ubukhulu benyoka buqhamuka ku-90 cm buye ku-100. Ikhanda limnyama, ikhala limhlophe. Indandatho yokuqala emhlophe ngenhla icekelwa phansi. Imivimbo emincane embalwa emzimbeni, ukusuka ku-37 kuye ku-40. Izindandatho ezimnyama zibanzi phezulu, bese kuba mncane ezinhlangothini, zingafiki esikalini sesisu. Isisu simhlophe ngemivimbo engabonakali ekhilimu ekhanyayo evela ezinhlangothini zomzimba. Lokhu okubhaliselwe kubekela amaqanda angaba ngu-15.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Incazelo

Inyoka engenabuthi yomndeni osuvele ufinyelela usayizi ophakathi kuka-150 cm ngesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-1800 g. Abantu abakhulu abavamile, abafinyelela ku-180 cm ubude. Izinyoka eziningi ze-terarium zingamasentimitha angama-107-120 ubukhulu.

Umbala nephethini ye-lampropeltis Getulus californiae Izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka ngesifunda. Ngakho-ke izinyoka ezihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini eziseningizimu yeCalifornia, ebonakala ngokushintshana ngemichilo emhlophe nokukhanya okuphuzi ngombala. Abantu abahlala esifundeni esisenyakatho yeSan Joaquin Valley, kanye neningizimu yeSalramento Valley, babonakala ngesisu esinemibala emnyama nemivimbo emibi engemuva kwalokho. Izinyoka zasogwadule zaseCalifornia zihlukaniswa imicu ebanzi yemibala emnyama egqamile nemnyama ekhanyayo ehambelana nobude benyoka, cishe nayo yonke inhloko emnyama nebala elimhlophe phakathi kwamehlo nesiqalo se-muzzle elula kunombala oyinhloko wekhanda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho kunenamba enkulu yama-morphs afakwa abafuyi, phakathi kwabo kukhona abantu ophuzi, ikofi, umbala omnyama ophuzi kanye nama-albino. Isici sombala esijwayelekile kunazo zonke zezinhlobo iLampropeltis Getulus californiae imnyama imithende emnyama noma imnyama, ishintshana ngemikhonto ephuzi noma emhlophe.

Isikali sabantu abathile bohlobo lwenyoka yasebukhosini abushelelezi futhi sicwengekile. Kungakho baba negama elithi Lampropeltis - okususelwa egameni lesiGreek elithi "lampros", elisho ukugqama, futhi "peltis" - isihlangu esibushelelezi esisetshenziswe ama-Greek peltasts.

Umzimba wabantu abadala mkhulu. Ikhanda libanzi kancane kunomzimba wenyoka, liphakeme futhi licindezelwe kancane ezinhlangothini.
Izinyoka zasebukhosini zaseCalifornia azinazici ezihlukanisayo zangaphandle ze-dimorphism, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuphela yi-herpetologist efanelekayo enganquma ubulili busebenzisa izivivinyo ezikhethekile.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu abathunjiwe sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20, ngokuya ngemibandela edingekayo.

Umsuka nendawo yokuhlala emvelweni

I-subspecies iLampropeltis getulus californiae ingeyonhlobo lweLampropeltis Getula yohlobo Lampropeltis (Izinyoka zaseRoyal) zomndeni uColubridae (Kakade)

Izinhlobo zilandelana ogwini oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States, kanye nenyakatho yeMexico. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu yeLampropeltis Getulus californiae yiCalifornia, ekhonjiswa egameni lezindawo ezisetshenziswayo. Izinyoka zenkosi yaseCaliforni nazo zitholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Oregon, Nevada, Utah, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeColorado, kanye nase-Arizona, naseziqhingini eziningana, ikakhulukazi esiqhingini saseSonora, eMexico. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mibiko yethulwa esiqhingini saseGran Canaria.

I-biotope yezinsizakusebenza ihluke kakhulu. Izinyoka zasebukhosini zaseCalifornia zihlala emhlabeni phakathi kwamachibi, ezigangeni, eziwugwadule, ezixhaphozini, nasemazweni wezolimo ngisho nasezindaweni eziseduzane. Ezintabeni, ama-subspecies atholakala engekho ngaphezulu kwezinga lama-2164 m empumalanga yeSierra Nevada futhi angabi ngaphezu kuka-1852 m ezintabeni zaseCalifornia eziseningizimu.

Indlela yokuphila

Izinyoka zasebukhosini baseCalifornia zihlala isikhathi sasemini. Kodwa-ke, zingashintsha futhi zibe nobusuku ebusuku lapho kushisa kakhulu.

Isikhathi somsebenzi we-Lampropeltis getulus californiae siqala kusukela ngoMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Ebusika, zingakwazi ukuzimela emihumeni, emifantwini yamatshe, emiseleni yezilwane ezincelisayo, izingodo eziyize nakweziqu ezindala. Inqubo yokuqothula lolu hlobo ibizwa nge- “Brumacia” - lapho, phakathi nesikhathi sokucwaswa, izidalwa ezihuquzelayo zivuka ziyophuza amanzi, kepha zingadli lutho. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izilwane ezincane kungenzeka zingazifihli, noma kunjalo, ngisho nakulesi simo, inqubo yomsebenzi obalulekile ngesikhathi sokugcwala kubantu abadala ivinjelwe kancane ezilwaneni ezincane.

Izingela i-L. californiae ikakhulukazi emhlabathini, kepha ikwazi ukugibela izihlahlana nezihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlobo ibhukuda kahle.

Uma inyoka yenkosi ishaqekile, khona-ke iqala ukuklwebheka, ilume futhi ifake umsila wayo ukuze imisindo ifane kakhulu nemisindo eyenziwe ngama-rattlesnakes. Ukuba izinyoka ezinganobuthi, izinyoni zasebukhosini zilimaza inyamazane yazo nge-asphyxiation (strangulation). Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengazo zonke izinyoka zasebukhosini, iLampropeltis Getulus californiae ayinazo izinyoka ezinobuthi, ezingayivimbi ukuba ibazingele. Kowesilisa, inyoka yasebukhosini yaseCaliforni ayiyona ingozi, kepha uma iphathwa kabi, ingaluma futhi ikhulule uketshezi lwe-fetid ku-cloaca.

Izimo zokuboshwa

Izinyoka zasebukhosini baseCalifornian zidinga ukugcinwa zodwa, ngenxa yokuphakama kwazo ngenxa ye-cannibalism. Okuhlukile yisikhathi sokuzalela, lapho iqembu lezinyoka lingaba ngowesilisa oyedwa osekhulile nezinsikazi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Ngasikhathi sinye, iqembu kumele ligadwe njalo, kanti izinyoka kufanele zitshaleke amahora amaningi ngesikhathi sokudla. Intsha yabantu bezinyoka zasebukhosini zaseCalifornia, akunakwenzeka ukuthi zigcinwe ndawonye.

ITerrarium: kwenyoka yasebukhosini yaseCalifornia, uhlobo oluvundlile lwe-terrarium lufanele. Ubungako be-terarium kumuntu omdala bungaba okungenani amasentimitha angama-70x50x40. Uma ukhetha i-terrarium yenyoka, kufanele ugxile kakhulu osayizi bomuntu. Uma ubukhulu bomuntu bungaphezu kwe-2/3 yepherramiyitha yetherarium, khona-ke ibanzi ngokwanele lenyoka. Isembozo se-terrarium kufanele sivalwe ngokuvikelekile ukuvikela ukuphuphuma kwenyoka.

Isendlalelo: I-Mulch (i-cypress bark), ama-coconut chip, kanye nama-cobs wommbila asikiwe kufanelekile njengesiqalo senyoka yasebukhosini yaseCalifornia. Inhlabathi enjalo izowathola kahle amaphunga, futhi futhi akunzima ukuyifaka esikhundleni sayo. Uma, ngesikhathi sokudla, inyoka ingaginya i-substrate, khona-ke kungcono ukuyitshala endaweni yokudla ehlukile. Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa umbhoxo, amathawula amaphepha noma iphephandaba ukuvimba inhlabathi ukuthi ingangeni ezithweni zenyoka zangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuhlanganiseni okunjalo kulula ukubona umsebenzi wezilwane ezisencane.

Isibani: Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kwi-terrarium nenyoka, lokhu kuzodala ukwenyuka okungalawulwa kwezinga lokushisa. Ngokukhanyisa kwanele ukusebenzisa izibani ze-fluorescent. Amahora wemini ngesikhathi somsebenzi wezilwane ezifuywayo kufanele abe amahora ayi-12-16. Kunconywa ukuthi ungeze ukukhanya kwemini ngamalambu ane-UVB 4-8%.

Ukushisa Okuqukethwe: e-terrarium, kuyadingeka ukudala i-gradient lokushisa kusuka ku-25 ° C ekhoneni elibandayo kuze kufike ku-32 ° C endaweni efudumele. Ukuze ulondoloze leli lokushisa, ungasebenzisa isivalo esifudumele, usibeka ngaphansi kwethali endaweni lapho kufanele kube khona ekhoneni elifudumele. Ukushisa kwenhlobo ephezulu njengokungadingekile, ngakho-ke, isibani sasemini kuphela singafakwa ngenhla kwe-terarium.

Ukugcina umswakama: Ukuze ulondoloze i-California Royal Snake, ukugcina izinga eliphezulu lomswakama akudingekile. Isendlalelo esingezansi kufanele some, ikakhulukazi ekhoneni elibandayo. Noma kunjalo, e-terrarium, kubalulekile ukubeka isitsha esinamanzi eduze kwekhona elifudumele, lapho inyoka izofakwa khona ngokuphelele, inqobo nje uma isitsha singesigamu kuphela eligcwele amanzi ukuvimbela ukugcwala kwamanzi. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlela indawo ebizwa ngokuthi “igumbi lomswakama” ku-terrarium. Kulesi sikhundla, umsele onamanzi amnyama ungenza lapho inyoka ingngcwaba khona. Futhi ukulingisa izimvula ezishisayo, i-terrarium kanye ngesonto ingafafazwa ngamanzi afudumele.

Design: ukuba khona kwe-terrarium yenani elanele lezindawo zokukhosela nemishanguzo kuyisidingo sokuqukethwe kwenyoka yasebukhosini yaseCalifornia. Ekhoneni elifudumele ungabeka izitshalo eziphilayo ezishisayo nama-sphagnum moss. Ekhoneni elibandayo, umswakama kufanele uvikeleke ukuze inyoka ingabambi umkhuhlane ovela ku-hypothermia, ngakho-ke izindawo zokukhosela lapha kufanele zome. Imisipha kanye nesitsha sokuphuza ngamanzi, kuzosiza inyoka ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. Ukuze reptile uzizwe uvikelekile, kunconyelwa ukuthi uvale izindonga ezintathu ze-terrarium ngomhlobiso.

Ukondliwa kwengqondo

Endle, ukudla kweLampropeltis getulus californiae kuncike kule ndawo, ngoba iyisilwane esidliwayo esinamathuba futhi idla cishe noma yini engaginywa. Ngakho-ke, izinduku, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izibankwakazi namaqanda abo, izinyoka (kufaka phakathi ama-rattlesnakes) namaqanda abo, amasele, amasalamanders, izinyoni, nama-invertebrates amakhulu, kanye namaqanda ezinyoni nawofudu, kuba yizinyoka zaseCalifornia.

Ekudingisweni, ungazondla lezi zinyoka ngamagundane namagundwane asayizi ofanele. Kungcono ukunikela inyamazane igcinwe emzimbeni noma inyibilikisiwe ukuze ugweme ukuhlukunyezwa esihlahleni. Ngokuguqulwa kokudla, amaqanda izigwaca anganikezwa inyoka. Amathambo wezinyoka namagobolondo amaqanda angumthombo omuhle we-calcium, kodwa futhi ungangezwa njengengxenye yezindawo ezikhethekile zezimbiwa ezinama-reptile.
Abantu abadala badinga ukondliwa kanye ngeviki, noma njengoba inyoka isezichithile ngokuphelele. Ukukhula okuncane kungondliwa kabili ngeviki, ngakho-ke i-kite izokhula ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukuvikela ukukhuluphala kubantu abadala kanye nokunciphisa inani lokudla uma kunesidingo.

Ukuzala

Ngaphambi kokuzala izinyoka zasebukhosini ekudingisweni, kufanele zichithwe ebusika. Ukuze lokhu, inyoka idinga ukulungiswa. Isikhathi esingangesonto awukwazi ukumondla, bese ucisha ukushisa bese wehlisa izinga lokushisa kancane kancane. Ngezinyoka zenkosi, okushisa aphansi hibernation cishe ngu-12 - 15 ° C. Isikhathi esingangenyanga, inyoka kufanele igcinwe kuleli lokushisa, bese ilandelana ngokulandelana - kancane kancane izinga lokushisa likhuphuka phakathi nesonto, ngemuva kokuvula ukushisa, inyoka ingondliwa ngemuva kwesonto.

Ungathola izinyoka zobusika emabhokisini akhethekile obusika noma ezikhwameni ze-herpetological. Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokuthi inyoka izobamba umkhuhlane, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi ungavumeli ukwanda komswakama ngesikhathi sobusika. Akunasidingo sokubeka isiphuzo esikhulu, usayizi wayo kufanele uvumele inyoka kuphela ukuthi idakwe, futhi ingabhukudi. Wonke amanzi achithekile kufanele ahlanze ngokushesha, kungcono ukuthi ophuzayo uzinze ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngemuva kokuqamba ubusika, insikazi kanye nowesilisa kuhlwanyelwe endaweni eyodwa. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuhlala ngokwesilinganiso cishe izinsuku ezingama-45.Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amabili kuya kwayi-12. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-45-60 emazingeni okushisa angama-27- 29 ° C.

Cishe isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuqokwa, kuzalwa ama-molt futhi angadliwa. Ngaphambi kwalokho, bekungafanele bondliwe - basenokunikezwa kwe-yolk esiswini. Awukwazi ukubeka ingane ngokushesha ku-terrarium enkulu. Lapho kuzoba nzima kuye ukuthola ukudla nokucasha, kuzoba ingcindezi kuye. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukwenza i-terrarium encane noma uyigcine ku-jig epulasitiki yesikhashana. Zonke ezinye izingane ziyafana nokuqukethwe izinyoka ezindala.