Ama-Wasp awanayo ncazelo yesayensi ecacile. Kuyisiko ukubiza zonke izinambuzane ezigwazayo ezinamabala kusuka kwi-oda i-Hymenoptera, okungeyona eyezinyosi, izintuthwane. Namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokuhlanzeka okuhlukile. Ezikhungweni zalolu hlobo kufaka phakathi lo magqi alandelayo: umgwaqo, i-glitter, isihlabathi, i-chipped, iphepha, imbali, i-uphondo, ukumba, abanye abaningi.

Zonke zihlukaniswe ngokwemibandela ngezigaba ezimbili:

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngokungafani nezinyosi, iminyovu ingakwazi ukuzivikela hhayi ngosizo kuphela. Uma othile esongela ubukhona babo, izinambuzane zingasebenzisa imishini yokuhlanza imihlathi. Ukulunywa kwabo kuzwele ngokwanele.

I-Wasp eyedwa ihola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, engajwayelekile yakha isidleke. Bonke abantu abadala bayakwazi ukuzala. Uma izidleke zakhiwa, khona-ke ngamakhona aseceleni kakhulu: ezindongeni, esihlahleni, emhlabathini. Futhi yidlanzana nje lezinhlobo ezikhetha ukuhlala ngaphandle kwezidleke. Baphumula ekuvulekeni kwemvelo kwezinkuni.

Ukuhlanzeka kwezenhlalo kuthanda ukuhlala emindenini. Izidleke zazo zibekwa yisibeletho. Akubona bonke abantu abadala abakwazi ukuzala. Kwesinye isikhathi ikoloni ingabiza iminyovu eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, kepha yinye kuphela engakhiqiza inzalo kuyo. Ama-wasabilla ayinyumba abizwa ngokuthi izisebenzi, ama-prolific - uterus.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Iningi le-hymenoptera lingahamba ukusuka lodwa liye empilweni yomphakathi. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kuhlala ngezigaba eziningana.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Wasp wezinambuzane

I-wasp isinambuzane esikhanyayo, futhi esithandekayo. Inombala obonakala kakhulu - imivimbo ephuzi namnyama. Ubukhulu bomuntu obudala bujwayelekile - kuya kumasentimitha ayishumi. Abesifazane kuphela abangafinyelela amasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili ubude. Umzimba walesi silwane unezinwele eziningi ezincane. Ekupheleni kwayo kuduma. Imfishane, ibushelelezi kakhulu, ingena kalula isisulu. Ukugwazwa kunamandla okuhamba, ngakho-ke i-wasp ingakuluma kusuka kunoma yisiphi isikhundla.

Incazelo

Ama-single wasps ahlala ngokwehlukana. Ngokwakheke kahle izidleke zemilo engajwayelekile. Zonke izinambuzane ezindala ziyakwazi ukuzala. Izindunduma zakhiwa ngo-nook: ezikhaleni phakathi kwezindonga, ngaphansi kophahla, emhlabathini. Izinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezihlala ngaphandle kokuakha izidleke. Iminyovu enjalo ihlala emigodini yezinkuni eyenziwe ngamvelo.

Izinhlobo zezenhlalo zihlala emindenini emikhulu. Isibeletho sakha isidleke, futhi hhayi zonke izinambuzane ezindala ezingazala. Kwezinye izimo, izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zabantu bahlala emakoloni anjalo, futhi yisibeletho kuphela esingaphindaphindeka. Imfucumfucu engenamanzi ibalwa njengezisebenzi, kanti eyengeziwe ibizwa ngokuthi yisibeletho.

Zuza

• Kunezinhlobo ezinjengalezi zinambuzane ezigwazayo ezilusizo kubantu:
• uwedwa: i-typhus, i-scoli ibulala ama-aphid, izimpukane, izicabucabu, ithola iprotheni yokudla kahle kwezibungu,
• umgodi omncane wokumba uLarra ubhubhisa ibhere engadini, ebeka amaqanda emzimbeni wethambeka, ngaphandle kokulimaza ezinye izinambuzane nezilwane,
• izimbali eziqhakaza izimbali ze-skolii pollinate, zichitha izinambuzane eziyingozi: amabhungane, amabhungane obhejane, abeka amaqanda emzimbeni wesisulu,
• ubuthi be-wasp busetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukwakheka okuhlukile kobuthi kwezinhlobo zaseBrazil kuyakwazi ukulwa namaseli womdlavuza,
• imvubu yamaphepha inyamazane yezinambuzane ezindizayo: izimpukane, omiyane. Musa ukudelela amapheshana, ama-aphid. Ngokunciphisa inani lezinambuzane, bonga ingadi nengadi,
• abantu abadala badla ngokudla kwezitshalo, umpe. Ukundiza kusuka kwesinye isitshalo kuya kwesinye, sikuvimbe,
• ngokungaqondile, izinambuzane ezinobuthi zivikela omakhelwane abangenangozi engadini: umbala wezinambuzane ezizuzisayo “ezingaphansi komquba” usiza ukugwema ukubhujiswa kwazo yizinyoni.

• Ama-waster alimazayo abonakala kakhulu kunokuhle:
• ama-apula amnandi, amagilebhisi, amaplamu ─ umuthi owuthandayo wezinambuzane ezimthende. "Uhlelo lokuxwayisa" phakathi kwabo lusebenza masinyane, uma kungathathwanga zinyathelo eziphuthumayo, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa izinambuzane zizokhipha isivuno esiningi samagilebhisi, zigaye izithelo ezimnandi kakhulu,
• Izinyosi zihlushwa iminyovu kaningi kunabanye. Ukugibela isidleke, izinyamazane zibhidliza isitoko soju, kunciphise ukuzala kabusha. Kuvikela amasheya, inani elikhulu lezinyosi ezisebenzayo ziyafa,
• Ukuzivikela, ukugwaza izinambuzane kubulala izinhlungu. Ubuthi obuyingozi bungadala ukusabela komzimba. Lapho ihlasele umuntu noma isilwane, imgwaza, imfumba ikhipha i-enzyme eheha abantu bezizwe zayo, kuyilapho ukulunywa iminyovu eminingana kuyingozi kubantu, futhi esilwaneni esincane singaphetha ngokufa.

Qaphela!

• 

Uphondo lukhulu kune-wasp. Kamuva, ubude bungamasentimitha angama-2-3 ubukhulu, futhi i-Hornet icishe iphindwe izikhathi ezi-2. Ine-nape ebanzi namabala abomvu amnyama ekhanda.

Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele, i-uphondo lwendondo alunangozi. Uyaluma kabuhlungu, kepha akwenze kambalwa - kuphela uma ebona ukuthi usengozini. Ukukulunywa imvuthuluka kwezokwelapha kungaphezulu kakhulu.

Kungani ukugwinya kungonakali?

Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yokuzivikela. Shono bathi lokhu kungcono ukungasusi i-wasp endiza eduze - ubona lokhu njengengozi uqobo.

Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane lube nolaka ikakhulu futhi lube yingozi. Isibonelo, ehlobo, lapho kunezithelo eziningi namajikijolo azungezile, kanye nokushisa, ama-wasps asebenza ikakhulukazi.

Kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti, amanani abo anda kakhulu, futhi izinambuzane ziba nesihluku kakhulu ngenxa yokuncintisana okungapheli. Ezikhathini ezinjalo, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kuthathwe.

Yini ubungozi bokulunywa yilesi sinambuzane?

Ukugwazwa kwe-wasp kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Ubuthi balesi sinambuzane bunobuthi futhi bubangela i-Quincke edema.

Kunezimo lapho udoti usanda kundizela ngaphakathi emgqonyeni wobhiya ongenabungozi, umuntu athathe isiphu, ukulunywa kuwele endaweni yolwelwesi lomphimbo.

Kulezi zimo, amaphuzu aya imizuzu. I-edema ebanzi iyavela, futhi ngaphandle kosizo lwezokwelapha isisulu siyaqhuma. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukungabi kude neminyovu futhi ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha ngokuluma.

Izinhlobo eziphambili

I-isp yezinambuzane ijwayelekile kithi kusuka esithombeni. Kodwa ngaphandle kokubukeka okujwayelekile ngesisu esimthende esimnyama-mnyama, kunezinye izinhlobo. Ama-Waster awashadile futhi ahlala ngamaqembu. Zingahlala futhi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

Umgwaqo umgwaqo uhlela isidleke emhlabathini noma ngaphakathi kwesidumbu sesisulu esabulawa ngaphambili (ngokwesibonelo, singaba yisicabucabu). Umzimba wesinambuzane esifile uyobe usudla inzalo evela.

Wonke umuntu ujwayelene nokudla amaphepha, esivame ukukubona emgwaqweni ehlobo. Baqanjwa kanjalo, ngoba ukwakha izidleke, lezi zinhlobo zisebenzisa into ebonakalayo efana nephepha ezakhiweni. Futhi bayikhiqiza ngokwayo, baxuba amathe abo nothuli lokhuni.

Iminyovu yasendle, kunalokho, ihlala kude nabantu. Imvamisa zitholakala ehlathini.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi sekuvele isimo esisha namuhla - iminyovu wasekhaya. Omunye uvule inja noma ikati, futhi othile unesifiso sokubuka impilo yezinambuzane. Ukulondolozwa kokuhlanzeka okunjalo, kusetshenziswa izimbaza ezikhethekile ezivaliwe zasemanzini. Aklanywe kahle futhi abukeka kahle kakhulu. Kepha "isilwane" esinjalo, kusobala, hhayi wonke umuntu.

Isidleke sika-Hornet siyingozi empilweni - yini okufanele siyenze?

Inkinga ehlukile isidleke sophondo endaweni ethile eduze kwendlu noma ngisho kuvulandi. Kulokhu, ubungozi bokuxinwa bukhuphuka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ungabhekana kanjani nama-wasps futhi uwaxoshe?

Uma isidleke siseduzane, futhi ungangena kuso, ungathambisa uswidi wekotini nganoma yisiphi isilokazana bese usifaka esikhwameni, usimboza ngesakhiwo. Udinga ukulinda kancane kuze kufe izinambuzane. Kuthengisiwe namuhla ungathola amathuluzi amaningi wokulwa nokuhlanza iminyovu, futhi imiyalo izosho ukuthi singakanani isikhathi esidingekayo esenzweni somuthi.

Enye indlela ukushisa isidleke. Izindlela eziphephile ezokuthi uthele amanzi abilayo phezu kwaso noma zibeke umnyango noma yini ethambile ukuvimba ukungena komoya-mpilo. Ungakhohlwa ukugqoka izingubo eziqinile nezimboziwe ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu. Izingubo zokugcina zenyosi zizoba kahle.

Uma isidleke sikude, ungasebenzisa isirinji ukuzama ukufaka injektha enobuthi lapho. Futhi ukuze iminyovu kamuva ingazange ibuyele endaweni yayo yokuhlala, kungcono ukwelapha indawo lapho isidleke sasikhona nge-hydrogen peroxide noma isixazululo se-potanganum permanganate.

Ukulwa iminyovu kungokoqobo. Qaphela, khona-ke izinambuzane ngeke zikukhathaze!

Ividiyo: Wasp

I-wasp inamehlo esakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Mikhulu, ingahlukanisa izinto ku-180C. Amehlo amathathu abekwe ngaphezulu kwekhanda. Ngokushesha kunzima ukubabona. Eduze kwalawa mehlo kukhona izimpondo. Imisebenzi ye-antenna ye-antenna incike ekuhlaleni kwesilwane, isimo esithile. Imvamisa le ngxenye yomzimba isebenza njengesiqondisi ngenkathi indiza. Ngosizo lwabo, i-wasp inganquma ngokunembile ukuqondisa komoya, ukujula kwegebe nokunye okuningi.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukuqina kohlobo lwe-wasp akunazimpawu. Ngokungafani nezinyosi, lezi zilwane azilimazeki lapho zibanjwa.

Ukuhlanza - igama elihlangene. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlanzeka, futhi izici zazo zangaphandle zihlukile kancane.

Bheka incazelo emfushane yangaphandle yezinhlobo ezejwayelekile:

• Iphepha. Ngokubukeka ejwayelekile kakhulu. Hlala eduze komuntu, ube nombala omnyama nophuzi,
• Iminyovu yomhluzi. Banosayizi abaphakathi kwamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili. Umbala womzimba awujwayelekile - i-pelescent, umthunzi wepinki noma oluluhlaza,
• Izimbali. Zincane kakhulu ngosayizi. Ungakhuli ngaphezu kwesentimitha eyodwa. Umbala uphethwe liphuzi,
• Iminyovu yaseJalimane. Banombala womzimba ongajwayelekile - owolintshi okhanyayo. Abesilisa bale nhlobo bangamawolintshi amnyama, banamaphiko amnyama. Abesifazane abanazimpiko; bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi izintuthwane ze-velvet.

Ihlala kuphi inkungu?

Photo: Wasp Animal

Abamele iminyovu basakazwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke. Zitholakala kalula eBelarus, Russia, Ukraine, Europe, Africa, Argentina, Canada, Mexico, Australia, China, Japan. Izilwane ezinjalo azihlali eSahara ebabazekayo kuphela, e-Arctic naseSifundeni Sase-Arabia. Imfucumfucu ikhetha isimo sezulu esifudumele; asikwazi ukuba khona ezifundeni ezishisa kakhulu noma esineqhwa kakhulu.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: EJapan naseChina kunezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu zeminyovu - uphondo lwase-Asia. Ubukhulu bawo bungafinyelela amasentimitha ayisithupha. Ukulunywa okukodwa kwalesi sinambuzane kwanele ekufeni komuntu, ikakhulukazi uma ungumuntu ongafaneleki. Ngokwezibalo, kufinyelela abantu abangamashumi ayisihlanu minyaka yonke ngenxa yokugwazwa kophondo lwase-Asia kula mazwe.

Iningi labamele ukungcola lihlala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Kutholakala inani elincane kuphela labantu eBrazil. Lezi zinambuzane zikhetha indawo yazo ngokwezindlela eziningana: isimo sezulu esipholile, ukuba khona kwezihlahla, abantu. Into ekhona ukuthi indawo yokuhlala yabantu ivumela ama-wasps ukuthola kalula ukudla kwabo. Lesi sihlahla sisetshenziselwa ukwakha izidleke nokukhulisa izibungu. Abanye abantu bakha izindlu ngobumba, ngamatshe amatshe. Izidleke zazo zibukeka kakhulu njengezinqaba ezincane.

Ngabe udoti udla ini?

Ukudla kwabamele izinhlobo ze-wasp kuhluke kakhulu. Kuya ngezinto ezimbalwa: uhlobo lwesilwane, isigaba sentuthuko, indawo yokuhlala. Kungabonakala ukuthi lezi zinambuzane azikhethi nakancane ekudleni. Bangadla amaswidi, inhlanzi, izithelo, amajikijolo kanye noswidi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukhona ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-wasps, kodwa kuphela ukwengeza okumnandi ekudleni.

Izinhlobo eziningi zithanda ukudla okuthambile, okuwuketshezi. Zidla nge-uginindela wezithelo ezahlukahlukene, ubisi lwezitshalo, amajikijolo kanye nemicu. Uma kuvela ithuba, i-wasp ngeke ikhathazeke ngokudla ujamu omncane, uju noma isiphuzo esimnandi. Ama-Wasps anomqondo okhule kakhulu wephunga. Ngakho-ke, bathola kalula izithelo ezibunjiwe noma ezibolile. Bakhangwa nephunga le-pungent likabhiya, i-kvass. Ama-Waster aletha ingxenye yezinyamazane zawo ezizalweni zawo, esibelethweni. Abasebenzi bayabandakanyeka kulokhu.

Izimbangi zinokudla okuhlukile okuhlukile. Ngokuvamile zidla izinambuzane: amabhungane, izimpukane, amaphela, izicabucabu ezincane. Ngendlela efanayo bondla inzalo yabo. Inqubo yokuzingela i-wasp yomphangi iyathakazelisa impela. Okokuqala, ubheka umuntu angaba isisulu sakhe, bese ehlaselwa ngokungalindelekile. IHymenoptera izama ukunamathelisa ukunqwabelana esixekweni sayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ikhubazeke. Ubuthi buyasiza ukugcina inyama isanda.

Izici

Amagama ezinambuzane aqoqelwe ezinhlotsheni eziningi. Izici zangaphandle zezinhlobonhlobo zeminyovu zihluke kakhulu. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
Imibhalo yephepha. The ejwayelekile kakhulu kubantu. Zihlala eduze komuntu, umbala omnyama nophuzi ojwayelekile. Glittery. Ama-Wasps asayizi aphakathi, akhula aze afike ku-8 cm. Umbala ojwayelekile. Izimbali. Lezi zinambuzane zincane kakhulu. Ungakhuli ngaphezu kwesentimitha. Umbala usezingeni elifanele ngokubekwa ngephuzi. AmaJalimane. Izinambuzane ezinombala othize. Umbala we-torso wabo ungumbala osawolintshi. Ukuhlanzeka okunjalo kubonakala ngokushesha. Amadoda amnyama namawolintshi anamaphiko amnyama. Izinsikazi azinamaphiko, zona zathola isibongo sezintuthwane ze-velvet.

I-Habitat - kwakuhlala kuphi iminyovu?

Izilwane zitholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba. Lezi zinambuzane zasakazekela kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Bakuwo wonke amazwe e-CIS, Europe, Africa, Asia kanye neMelika. Izinambuzane azitholakali kuphela eSahara enkulu, e-Arctic, kanye nasePhalamende lase-Arabia. Izinambuzane zithanda ukuhlala endaweni efudumele. Izifunda ezishisayo nezineqhwa azivumeli ukuthi imichilo ibe khona.

Iningi lezi zinambuzane zitholakala endaweni ephakeme yomhlaba yale planethi. Ezinye zitholakala eBrazil. Izinambuzane zikhetha izindlu ngokuya ngezinqubo: ukuba khona kwezitshalo zokucasha, abantu kanye nesimo sezulu esipholile. Ukuba phakathi kwabantu kuvumela ama-wasps ukuthola ukudla ngokushesha. Ungahlala ezihlahleni, wakhe izidleke ngokhuni. Ezinye izinhlobo zakha kabusha izidleke ngobumba noma ngamatshe amancane. Ngaphandle, izindlu ezinjalo zibukeka njengezinqaba ezincane.

I-Wasp anatomy

Imfucumfucu ingeye-hymenoptera, okuyiqembu eliningi kakhulu lezinambuzane, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezinkulungwane eziyi-155. Ukugqama kwesakhiwo somzimba walezi zinambuzane ukuthi phakathi kwesisu nesigaxa kukhona ulwelwesi olunciphile ngesimo sesiqu, esibe nomthelela ekuqubukeni kwento enjengokuthi “isp waist”. Umzimba wesinambuzane unezingxenye ezi-3 - ikhanda, isifuba nesisu. Ngaphandle kokuthi zonke izinhlobo ziyahluka ngombala womzimba, imibala efana nemnyama, ephuzi kanye neorenji ihlala ikhona.

Ubuntu besimo samaphiko bungabonakala nesici esehlukanisa lezi zinambuzane. Njengomthetho, amaphiko mncane impela futhi esobala, anemithambo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo. Izimpiko zangemuva zincane kakhulu kunangaphambili. Zikwazi ukucwazimula ngemibala ehlukene, kepha zingaphinde zibe nombala ngokuphelele. Ingxenye ngayinye yokulahla inezingxenye ezi-5. Benza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, kubandakanya nokumba.

Ekhanda lesinambuzane ungabona amadevu enezimo ezahlukahlukene nobude. I-Whiskers nayo yenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuvumela izinambuzane ukuba zihambe emkhathini. Amehlo ayabizwa. Yize imihlathi ingenamazinyo, inamandla ngokwanele ukuluma ungqimba lwesinambuzane.

I-wasp, efana nenyosi, inesithukuthezi esisendaweni engaphansi kwesisu. Njengomthetho, abesifazane kuphela abakwazi ukugwaza. Udosi lucekeke impela futhi luhlotshaniswa nendlala, ekhiqiza ubuthi obunobuthi obuhlukahlukene. Ngosizo lobuthi, i-wasp iyazivikela, amawundlu ayo, isidleke nokunye.

Iqiniso elihehayo! Abesilisa nabesifazane bahluke ngosayizi. Njengomthetho, izinsikazi zihlala zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Izinsikazi zezinhlobo ezithile zomswakama zifinyelela kubude obungaba ngu-5.5 cm. Lezi zinambuzane zingezinhlobo zamazwe akhangayo futhi ahlala emazweni afudumele anesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ezinye zezinhlobo zingatholakala endaweni yethu.

Kuzithombe ezingezansi, ungabheka ngokucophelela ukuthi iminyovu ibukeka kanjani.Izibungu zokuhlanzeka ngokubukeka zihlukile kakhulu kubantu abadala, ngoba azizimbi izibungu ezimhlophe. Lezi ngamacimbi wezilwane ezidla ezinye ezidla ukudla kwamaprotheni.

Iminyovu yomphakathi

Izinambuzane ezinjalo zivame ukubizwa ngezindlela ezihlukile, kufaka phakathi iphepha. Impova yomphakathi ihlala emakoloni, angaba abantu abafinyelela esigidini. Ngasikhathi sinye, izidleke ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene zingakhiwa, kusuka ku-apula ubukhulu ukuya kubukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-60. Ungakubona lokhu ezithombeni.

Emndenini omkhulu, abantu bahlukaniswe izinqaba, kuyilapho bekhulumisana besebenzisa imisindo nezimpawu. Umndeni uholwa yisibeletho, esizinikele ekukhiqizeni inzalo. Kunezinhlobo zezimila esidlekeni zazo okungenzeka ukuthi kukhona omama besifazane abaningana abangenaso isimo sendlovukazi yomndeni, kodwa abazibandakanye ekwandiseni isibalo semindeni yama-aspen.

I-single wasp

Lesi sigaba se-wasps sihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi umuntu ngamunye uhlala ngokuhlukile, ngakho-ke azikho izidleke ezakhiwe. Njengomthetho, lezi yizinambuzane ezidliwayo. Babeka inzalo yabo yesikhathi esizayo emizimbeni yezibungu zezinambuzane ezinkulu ezinkulu. Kulokhu, izibungu ziqala ukuzimela, zidla inyama yozibungu. Ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwesisulu sayo, izibungu ziyazidonsa futhi zilindele ukufika kwentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kobusika, ngokufika kokushisa kwangempela, kuvela imfumba endala epulini. Ama-waster awodwa anobuthi impela, futhi ukulunywa kwawo kuqhathaniswa nokubhoboza isikhumba somuntu ngensimbi eshisayo. Izithombe namagama ama-wasps angabonakala ngezansi embhalweni.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Ama-wasp omphakathi anamagama ambalwa: ukhuni, iphepha, njll. Ama-single was ahlukaniswa abe yizilwane ezinamagama - isihlabathi, umgwaqo, ukumba. Phakathi kwakho konke lokhu kwehlukahluka kunezinhlobo zezilwane eziphephe ngokuphelele futhi ezilusizo, futhi kukhona iminyovu yokuhlakaza kanye neminyovu yokubulala.

Ensimini yezwe lethu, iminyovu ingatholakala cishe yonke indawo, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zazo zinkulu.

Izinhlobo zokuhlanzeka

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemvelo zeminyovu. Izinhlobo ezimbili kuthiwa kakhulu: zomphakathi nezihlala zodwa.

Esidlangalaleni (iphepha) bahlala emindenini, banakekela inzalo ngokuhlangene, ikhanda lekholoni yisibeletho:

• ama-vespins. Izinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu. Umbala: ukushintshwa kwemigqa ephuzi kube mnyama. Ukuziphatha kanye nezikhundla zekholoni kufana nezinyosi: isibeletho sifaka izibungu entwasahlobo bese sizondla. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, abantu abasebenzayo bayakhula, bazibandakanye ekwakhiweni kwezinyosi. Ekwindla, izinsikazi zishade futhi zihlala ebusika esidlekeni esakhiwe. Isibeletho esidala siyafa. Entwasahlobo, izinsikazi zakha amakoloni amasha. Uphondo lusebenza njengommeleli ocacile wemibhalo yamaphepha yohlobo lweVespa,
• amaqiniso ayihafu. Ama-colonist asendle ajwayelekile kakhulu. Yakha uju lwezinyosi oluvulekile. Kwamanye amakoloni, owesifazane oyedwa ubusa, kwesinye isikhathi izindlovukazi eziningana zisungula ikoloni. I-Polysty feed ngejusi yezithelo, isuthisa izibungu ngezinto ezibonakalayo ezivuthiwe zezinambuzane ezifile.

Ama-waster ama-single anesakhiwo esilula esidlekeni. Insikazi ngokuzimela ibekela amaqanda, ikhulise inzalo.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokuhlanzeka okukodwa:

• ama-pompilides (umgwaqo). Bemba izimbumbulu, bazingela izicabucabu, bazenze zikhubazeke ngokushesha. Umbala: i-torso emnyama, amabala abomvu noma aphuzi. Imilenze emide emincane efakwe amahlizi okumba,
• AmaJalimane (izintuthwane ze-velvet). I-Wasps yathola igama lesibili ngenxa yokubukeka okufanayo kwezintokazi ezingenamaphiko ezimbozwe izinwele zezinwele. Amadoda makhulu, amnyama futhi ansundu. Abesifazane bagqamile, ngemibala ebomvu, nephethini yezinwele ezimnyama nezibomvu esiswini,
• izikhala. Umthunzi obomvu ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka-oluhlaza okotshani obomvu ngokukhanya. Isinambuzane siyisinambuzane, umsakazi yinyosi, i-wasp-vespin, i-sawfly. Abesilisa bahluka ngezigaba ezi-5 esiswini (kwabesifazane ─ 4). Zibulala izibungu zezinambuzane, izitshalo zokwenza impova,
• choli. Izinambuzane ezimnyama ezinamabala owolintshi nphuzi esiswini. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, abulala ngokuphelele amabhungane obhejane, ama-grouse, abeka amaqanda emizimbeni yemibungu yezinambuzane,
• typhias. Mnyama ngama-paws abomvu. Izinhlobo zivame kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Zihlala ikakhulu ezitshalweni zesambulela. Ngomzuzwana wobungozi bayakwazi ukuncipha. Imfucumfucu eshukumisa umhlaba, ichithe izibungu ezinambuzane, zibhekwa njengezisebenzayo,
• isihlabathi (ukumba) Umehluko omkhulu ngobulili: owesilisa mkhulu kunowesifazane. Ngaphandle, ziyehluka engxenyeni yokuqala yesisu ebomvu kakhulu, ibomvu ezansi. Ezinye izinambuzane zimnyama futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umzingeli: ubhubhisa izimvemvane, amacimbi, azibeka emgqonyeni wokudla okulandelayo kokuzala.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lezi zinambuzane ezigwazayo libonakala ngesikhathi sokuvunwa kwezithelo: ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwezivini nezihlahla zezithelo kubonwa ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi nasekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Kuze kube maphakathi nehlobo, iminyovu incane kakhulu. Ekwindla, abalimi bachitha izihlahla zezinyosi ezingenalutho ukuze bangadonseli izinambuzane eziyingozi entwasahlobo elandelayo. Izinsikazi ezincane zivundiswa zibalekela isidleke esidala ebusika. Izindlu zasebusika ziyi-hemp ebolile, amagxolo ezihlahla, imisele yezakhiwo.

Iwela ku-hibernation (diapause), umpe ukhetha indawo evikelekile ekushiseni ngokweqile. Ezinhlotsheni zezenhlalo, izinsikazi ezisebenzayo nazo zishiya isidleke. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, baba ngababulali, abangasebenzi. Babhubha kusukela ekuqaleni kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izinyoni. Ngokushisa kwe + 15 ° C, izinsikazi ziphuma ziba hibernation, ziqale ukwakha isidleke esisha bese zibeka amaqanda.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinambuzane ezigwazayo sincike ohlotsheni lwazo, isikhundla kumndeni:

• abesilisa bahlala izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Ngemuva kokuphola, bashiya isidleke bafe,
• abantu besifazane abasebenzayo baphila inyanga nengxenye, abaningi bafa ngenkathi indiza beyodla,
• I-colony yokusungula abesifazane ihlala isikhathi eside kunabanye. Ngemuva kokuzalela, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ashiya isidleke, ayohlala endlini yobusika. I-Uterus ihlala unyaka, nokukhetha okuyimpumelelo kwendawo ye-hibernation ─ iminyaka eminingana.

Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe imiphanzi yomphakathi

Isibeletho sizalela amaqanda kumaseli ahlukile bese kuthi lapho sisezingeni lokuqala, sinakekele inzalo esizayo, sizitholele yona. Lapho nje kuzalwa isizukulwane sokuqala sokusebenza iminyovu, masinyane aqala ukunakekela isidleke, kanye nezibungu.

Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, kuvela izibungu ezifana nesibungu. Izibungu zikhula ngokushesha, ngoba abantu abadala bazilethela amabhungane, izicabucabu, izimpukane, izibungu zezinambuzane nezinye izingcezu zenyama. Ngokuhamba kwamaviki ama-2, izibungu zikwazi ukuchitha kaningana, ngenkathi zikhula kakhulu bese, ekugcineni, ziphenduka i-chrysalis. Kuvela imfumba emincane, evele igwaze ujantshi wayo ngokuzimele. Konke lokhu kuthatha cishe amasonto amathathu. Umsebenzi omkhulu kunawo wonke womsipha ehlobo.

Ukusakazeka kwama-wasps owodwa

Ukuhlafunwa iminyovu eyodwa ngesivinini esincanyana, ngoba badinga ukuthola inyamazane, bambe umgodi bese behudula isinambuzane esishwabeneyo kule umgodi. Umpu ubeka iqanda emzimbeni wesisulu okhubazekile, siphume emgodini bese sikhipha umgodi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ku-larva ngayinye, idinga ukukhubazeka ohlukumezekile futhi igaye umgodi. Akuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Izibungu zidla inyama yalowo ohlukunyezwayo, bese imunca. Esimweni sobuduna, usemhlabathini ubusika bonke. Iminyovu enjalo ayiphili izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Kutholakala kuphi iminyovu?

Izinhlobo zemishanguzo ehlala emindenini yakha izidleke eziqukethe izinto ezihlukile ezibizwa ngokuthi amakhekhe. Izinambuzane zakha izidleke zazo kude nalezo zindawo lapho kukhona khona izinto eziningi zokwakha nokudla. Imvamisa, izindawo ezinjengalezi ziyizidleke ezilahliwe, izinduku zokugqekeza, izimbobo zezihlahla, njll. Hhayi kuyaqabukela, ama-wasps avela emaphepheni noma ezindlini zomuntu, ezakhiweni ezihlukene zokwakhiwa, kumakhandlela wezindlu, kumakhalkini, njll. Lapha bahlala futhi bakhule inzalo yabo ehlobo lonke, futhi lapho kufika ekwindla bashiya isidleke. Abesifazane kuphela abancane, abavundiswa abasindayo abathola isiphephelo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

Iminyovu eyodwa iyatholakala kuphela phakathi kwezilwane zasendle. Ebusuku, zingaba semikhondweni yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, zibambelele kuzo ngezihlakala nangemihlathi yazo. Bangakwazi ukugibela imbali. Lezi zinambuzane ziziphatha njengama-nomads, zihlala ziguqula indawo yazo.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo avela empilweni yama-wasps

Banguchwepheshe abambalwa kuphela ababandakanyeka ekutadisheni izici zokuphila ze-wasps. Ngenxa yabo, umuntu angafunda izinto eziningi ezithokozisayo ngalezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ukuhlanzeka okuncane kuyizinhlobo zokuhlanzeka okuvamile okuhlala emindenini. Owesifazane ukhula aze afike ku-2 cm ubude, futhi bonke abanye abamele lolu hlobo - lufika ku-1,8 cm.
• Ama-wasp wezinkuni ahlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi aphethwe umbala okhanyayo omnyama owolintshi. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, ubukhulu bawo bungasukela ku-1 kuye ku-6 cm. I-Hornet nayo ingeyalo mndeni futhi ihluka ngobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Kubhekwa njengenye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu. I-synodica wasp futhi ibhekisa kuyo iminyovu yesihlahla, kepha kuncane okwaziwayo ngayo.
• Ama-hornets ase-Asia ahlala ikakhulukazi eChina naseJapan, lapho kufe khona abantu abalinganiselwa ku-50 unyaka ngamunye, njengoba kufakazelwa yidatha esemthethweni. Ubukhulu besinambuzane bufika ku-5,6 cm. Ukulunywa kwaso kwanele ukuthi umuntu afe, ikakhulukazi umuntu ongafaneleki.
• Amakhethini amakhulu amabala abhekwa njengabamele abahle kakhulu bezilwane ezinamaphala. Insikazi ikhula ibe ngu-5,5 cm ubude, kuthi owesilisa akhule aze afike ku-3,2 cm. Amaqhubu abeka amaqanda emzimbeni kaMay mabhungane noma amabhungane obhejane. Hlukanani ngoba bahlala ngokwehlukana. Kubhekwa njengokuphephile kubantu yisinambuzane, yize sinobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele. Umphumela wokulunywa uwugqinsi olulula lwendawo elulwayo.
• AmaJalimane, awekho amakhulu kuno-3 cm ngosayizi. Owesifazane abanazo izimpiko futhi babukeka njengezintuthwane ezinkulu. Owesifazane uqhakaze ngokuphelele uma eqhathaniswa nabesilisa, abanamathoni ansundu kakhudlwana. Abazakheli izidleke zabo, bakhetha izindlwana zezinyosi noma izidleke zezinye izihlunu zabanye iminyovu zomsebenzi wabo wokuphila.

Kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zeHymenoptera emhlabeni, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunezinto zalo ezihlukile.

Izitha zemvelo zeminyovu

Imvelo ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi zonke izidalwa eziphilayo kule planethi inezitha zayo zemvelo. Ama-Wasp awafani nalokhu, ngaphandle kokuthi ahlome ngesihlungu esinoshevu. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Izidleke zokuhlanzeka ezazishiywe ngaphandle kwesibeletho zonakaliswa izintuthwane, ngenkathi zibhubhisa abantu ababuthaka noma abagulayo.
• Umlandeli othanda ukuzamazama uzingela iminyovu, engena ngaphakathi esidlekeni sasemanqulweni futhi ibekele amaqanda. Izibungu zalesi sinambuzane ziyasakazeka kwiminyovu emincane.
• Ama-Hornets ayizitha eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ezesabekayo zemindeni engahlanzekile. Kokuhlasela okukodwa, ama-hornets angawubhubhisa wonke umndeni womsipha, ngoba anethuba nosayizi kanye nezinamba.
• Izinyoni ze-Wasp nazo zizingela iminyovu, ezondla amantshontsho ngezibungu nabantu abadala.

Lapho kuqala ekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla kakhulu, ama-wasps awasasebenzi kangako, ngakho-ke aba izisulu zezinambuzane nezinyoni ezithile.

Kunzima ukuhlangana nomuntu empilweni yakhe ongakaze ahlangane neminyovu: kukhona yonke indawo. Zitholakala zombili emadolobhaneni amancane nakuma-megacities. Umuntu angasho ngisho nalokhu: lapho umuntu ekhona, kukhona iminyovu, ngoba eduze komuntu lesi sinambuzane singakuthola njalo ukudla.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Wasp wezinambuzane

Ebusika, abantu abadala bahlala bephephela. Ukuze benze lokhu, bazitholela indawo engabodwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ngokufudumala kokuqala, isibeletho siyaphuma siyofuna indawo efanelekayo yokwakhiwa kwesidleke. Isidleke siyadingeka ukuze insikazi ibekele amaqanda lapho futhi ikhule inzalo yayo. Ezokwakha, kusetshenziswa amagxolo ezihlahla, ubumba, amatshe nezinye izinto zemvelo.

Kusukela emaqanda okuqala, kuvela izigaxa. Bazoqhubeka nokwakha indawo yokuhlala futhi balethe ukudla kwenzalo ezayo yesibeletho. Ekupheleni kwehlobo kuphela lapho izizukulwane ezizayo zibonakala zikwazi ukuzala uhlobo lwazo. Kungekusikhathi esizayo lapho lizoshada khona. Ngemuva kokuvundiswa, izinsikazi zizobheka indawo ebusika obufudumele, futhi maduze abesilisa bafe ngokufa kwemvelo.

Imfumba eyodwa yowesifazane iyakwazi ukuzala abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezimbili. Iningi labo lizoba nezithelo. Isibeleko sopha amaqanda abekwe egumbini elikhethekile. Lapho ubeka izinambuzane ezincane. Esikhathini esizayo, izibungu zizondla ngalezi zinambuzane ukuze zisheshe zibe ngumuntu osemdala. Ku-larvae ukuthi ngokuzayo izokwazi ukuzala izingane, ukondliwa kwehluke ngokuphelele. Kuphekwa ukudla okuqhakambisa ukukhula kwezitho zangasese. Isibeletho siphila cishe izinyanga eziyishumi, kanti iminyovu eyizala ingamaviki amane kuphela.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Imfucumfucu yingxenye edingekayo, ewusizo futhi ebalulekile yezilwane. Yebo, akakhiqizi uju obumnandi, njengezinyosi, futhi alimaze nomkhakha wezinyosi. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo zokuphila nasendalweni, enza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu - abulala izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Babamba izinambuzane ezincane, bazondle izingane zabo. Lokhu kunomthelela omuhle ezitshalweni. Ukutshala izingadi azihlushwa amagciwane ezinambuzane.

Isibonelo, iminyovu ingasiza ngokuphelele ekususeni inkathazo enjengebhere. Uma ibhele lifinyelela endaweni, kwanele ukuheha iminyovu ngosizo lwezimbali eziqhakazayo. Ukuhlakazeka komhlaba ngokushesha okukhulu "kuhlela izinto ngokuhlelekile" esizeni. Futhi, iminyovu ingasetjenziswa ukulwa nama-grinders nama-mabhungane amaqabunga. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zidla ngalezi zinambuzane: udonga, iphepha, amakhanda amakhulu, abunjiwe. Banganciphisa kakhulu inani lezinambuzane eziyingozi. Le yindlela enhle yokubhekana nabo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali.

Abamele izinhlobo ze-wasp ziningi. Zivamile emazweni amaningi, ziphindaphindeka ngokushesha, ziyakwazi ukuzivikela. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo azisongelwanga inqubo yokuqothulwa noma ukuqothulwa. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukulandelela inani le-wasp ngokunemba okukhulu. Lezi izinambuzane ezincane ezihlala ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, idatha enembile yenani labantu ayikho.

Ukuvikelwa kwe-OS

Photo: Wasp Red Book

Sekukonke, izinhlobo zama-wasps azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi zisengozini, ngakho-ke azifakwa ku-Red Book. Kunezinhlobo ezithile kuphela eziqashelwa njengokusongela kososayensi ezifundeni ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, i-wasp yehlathi ibhalwe ku-Red Book yeSifunda saseMoscow. Esifundeni saseMoscow, imelelwa ngamanani amancane. Ama-waster ehlathini ngokuvamile ahlala emahlathini. Ebantwini, lezi zilwane azivamile ukubonwa.

Isizathu esikhulu sokwehla kwenani labantu abahlaselana amahlathi kungukulimaza kwabantu. Lokhu kuyisici esikhulu. Abantu ngamabomu babhubhisa izidleke. Futhi, isimo sezulu esingesihle sithinta kakhulu isimo sabantu. Lokhu kungenxa yezici esidlekayo. Lezi zinambuzane kwesinye isikhathi zakha izindlu zazo endaweni evulekile, ezihlahleni. Ngisho nemvula enamandla ingalimaza kalula amakhaya abo.

Izitha zemvelo nokuncintisana okuphezulu okuvela kwezinye izinhlobo kunethonya elithile enanini lokushiswa kwamahlathi. Lezi zilwane zivame ukuba izisulu zezinyoni, izidalwa ezihlaselayo, izinambuzane ezidlayo. Ngokuqondene nengozi ekhona yoshintsho enanini labantu abangamaxhaphozi basehlathini, lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane lwalubhalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu Yesifunda SaseMoscow. Namuhla, izindawo zokuhlala kwalezi zilwane zivikelwe ngokucophelela. Futhi esikhathini esiseduze esizayo kuhlelwe ukuthi kwakhiwe izindawo ezintsha zemvelo ezivikelwe.

Wasp - ummeleli omangalisayo wezilwane. Impilo yabo imfushane ngokwanele, kepha iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka yabo emfishane, iminyovu iyakwazi ukwakha indlu, ikhule inzalo, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zisiza umuntu ngokushesha ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali ukuqeda izinambuzane zasengadini. Futhi, akuwona wonke ama-waster anolaka njengoba kucatshangwa njalo. Izinhlobo eziningi zinokuthula impela futhi azisoze zagwaza umuntu ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Ahlala kuphi ama-wasps?

“Indawo yokuhlala” yama-wasps incike ohlotsheni nakwindlela yokudla. Amaphepha omphakathi asephepheni ahlala engadini, emakamelweni, ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu ezizimele. Bakha ikhekhe lezinyosi, bavame ukujikisa isidleke emaphethelweni noma ukumboza phansi ku-attic. Emangqamuzaneni amangqamuzana, isibeletho sibeka iqanda elilodwa ngalinye. Ukuzalela nokudlisa inzalo kwenziwa ngabasebenzi besikhathi sokuhlanza izimbaza. Abesilisa bahlala bodwa kuze kube yilapho sebeganile.

Izinhlobo ezihlala zodwa ezindlini eziningi azakhiwa, zithatha iminkilo kusuka kuzicabucabu, amagundane, izinambuzane ezinkulu. Babekela amaqanda emzimbeni wesinambuzane esifile, abanendaba nenzalo, ngakho-ke impilo yama-larva ivame ukuba mfushane: kuze kufike ukubanda kokuqala noma inyoni endizayo.

Ngabe udla iminyovu yini?

Ukukhetha kokugwinya ukudla kwezinambuzane kuxhomeke eminyakeni yobudala. Iminyovu yamaphepha ithola ukudla kwezibungu: izitho zomzimba ezivuthiwe zesigcawu, amabhungane, amacimbi, izimvemvane, ama-slugs. I-Fermented ihlala isondla abancane, abakwaziyo ukuphendula amakhanda abo. Kwizinyosi, iminyovu ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezibungu ziyingozi kakhulu, ukuhlasela okhalweni nokuzingela izibungu kungabhubhisa ngokuphelele izinqolobane zoju.

Izinhlobo eyodwa, ikakhulukazi, zibekela amaqanda emzimbeni wamabhungane, izibungu zazo, zinikeze izingane zazo ukudla okokuqala. Abantu abavuthiwe tooth izinyo elimnandi. Ikoloni elikhulu liyakwazi ukubhubhisa iningi lokuvunwa kwamagilebhisi nama-plums, lilimaze kakhulu ama-apula, namapheya. Ekwindla, insikazi iqoqa izinto ezingamelana nokubanda, njenge-antifreeze. Ebusika, lesi sinambuzane sisesimweni se-hibernation (diapause), izinqubo zokuphila ngalesi sikhathi ziyamiswa.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-wasp ilume?

Kungenzeka ukuthi ukulunywa maphakathi nehlobo. Abantu abavuthiwe badla izithelo ezimnandi namajikijolo, ngakho-ke kaningi ungathola isinambuzane esiyingozi engadini. Ukulunywa ngabesifazane kuphela okulimaza izinhlungu: ukugwinya kuyinto i-ovipositor eshintshiwe ngenkathi inqubo yokuvela. Izikhali ezibushelelezi ziphuma ngokushesha emzimbeni, zishaya, zisheshe nje zibuyele emuva. Kwesinye isikhathi uyakwazi ukwethula amahlandla amaningana aze ubuthi aphele.

Ngemuva kokususa isikhali esihlabayo, i-wasp engazange ilimale impukane ihambile, ngokungafani nenyosi, enamazinyo okugwaza okuvimbela ukuthi isuswe emzimbeni wesisulu, okuholele ekufeni kwesinambuzane esisebenzayo.

Njengengxenye yephoyinti le-wasp lephepha:

• ama-neurotoxins okungaholela ekupheleleni, ukukhubazeka, ukuphazamisa umfutho wegazi,
• I-hyaluronidase ─ ibhubhisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli, ibangele ubomvu futhi ilume endaweni yokuwaluma,
• i-histamine, okuvusa ukusabela komzimba,
• i-acetylchonin, ethinta ukubonakaliswa kokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa, ibangela ubuhlungu ngemuva kokulunywa,
• i-phospholipases ─ icekela phansi izindonga zamangqamuzana egazi nezicubu.

Ingozi yobuthi kungenzeka ku-edema kaQuincke, ehambisana nokuphefumula. Ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic okubangelwa ukulunywa, ngaphandle kokuthola usizo oluphuthumayo lwezempilo, kungabulala.

Masinyane ngemuva kokuluma okudingayo:

1. Hlanza isilonda kahle.
2. Sakaza umuthi wokuluma nge-peroxide, utshwala, insipho noma i-furatsilin.
3. Faka isicelo se-compress ebandayo.
4. Thatha i-antihistamine. Ithuluzi lizosiza ukudambisa ukuvuvukala, ukulunywa, ukuvutha ngemuva kokulunywa.
5. Lala phansi, uphuze amanzi amaningi.

Itiye elishisayo, amanzi anoshukela azosiza ukubuyisela amandla nokunciphisa imiphumela yobuthi emzimbeni. I-Edema kusuka ukuluma ingahlala kusuka emahoreni ambalwa iye ezinsukwini eziningana, ihambisane nokwanda kwezinga lokushisa. isisulu kumele sibhekwe njalo. Esibonakaliso esincane sokusabela komzimba, nikeza usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo. Kungenzeka ukuguqula umphumela we-aspen ubuthi ngejusi le-parsley, ulamula, ubisi lwe-dandelion.

Amajikijolo angama-Sour, isiphuzo sesithelo esidambisa izinhlungu Ukucabanga ukuthi imfucuza iyadingeka noma cha, umbuzo awukaxazululwa ngisho nososayensi. Umthetho omkhulu: IHymenoptera ngokwayo ayinalo ulaka, ayihlaseli ngaphandle kokucasulwa. Izinzuzo nokulimazeka kwezinambuzane emvelweni kuyalingana. Izinhlobo eziningi zisiza ingadi nengadi ngokubhubhisa amabhungane, izicabucabu, ibhere, ama-aphid kanye novemvane.