Izimbangi zamanzi
Isigaxa samanzi UGerris
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

Amamitha wamanzi (lat. Gerridae) - umndeni wezinambuzane ezinamaphiko aqhamukayo kusuka kwisikhwama sezimbungulu (iHeteroptera). Cishe izinhlobo eziyi-1700 zibaliwe, zazo cishe i-10% ziyizinhlobo zasemanzini. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zohlobo UGerris. Zihlala ebusweni bamanzi. Amachibi wamachibi wamachibi ajwayelekile eRussia (Gerris lacustris).

Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-waterider

Izimbangi zamanzi ziyizinambuzane ezinogama lazo elihambisana kakhulu nendlela yazo yokuphila. Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingama-700 zabahlaseli bamanzi futhi zonke zihlala emanzini, ngokukhulu ukucobeka okungaphezulu kobuso bamanzi. Ngesimo sazo eside kufana nezikebhe ezincane.

Izitha zamanzi (lat. Gerridae).

Umbala ovikelayo wamapheshana wamanzi onsundu, onsundu onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi acishe abe mnyama. Idivaysi enjalo ivumela imitha yamanzi ukuba ingabonakali ezinyangeni ngokumelene nesizinda esimnyama ebusweni bezidumbu zamanzi amile.

Imvamisa, amamitha wamanzi ahlala ezinhlanzini ezinkulu zamanzi awanamaphiko, awazidingi.

Futhi ezakhamuzini zezigxobo ezincane, amaphiko abalulekile ukundiza endaweni ngendawo njengoba amachibi omile. Kule migqa yamanzi, ngaphansi kwe-elytra, amaphiko aqukethe kahle akhule kahle acasha, kepha izinambuzane azivamile ukundiza.

Incazelo

Izitebhisi zamanzi zingamalungu eqembu lezimbungulu zomhlaba ezivumelanise nokuphila kwifilimu engaphezulu kwamanzi. Ahamba nayo ngaphandle kokukhululeka okungatheni kunezinambuzane zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, izixhaxha zamanzi zingamalungu eqembu lemvelo lama-invertebrates asemanzini ahambisana nefilimu yasemanzini futhi abizwa ngokuthi yi-neuston. Izingqinamba zamanzi zibonakaliswa ngumzimba ominyene, cishe ongagobisi, ukuba khona kwe-proboscis esikhundleni semihlathi ebhanqiwe namaphiko anqamula ngemuva. Umbala womzimba onsundu ikakhulukazi onsundu noma onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi ucishe ube mnyama. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-30 ​​mm. Ezimweni eziningi, izimbambo zamanzi zinamanzi, zinomzimba ophakeme wezimbungulu ezinemilenze emide, ehlukaniswe kabanzi phakathi nendawo nangemuva. Inhloko nge-antennae ende, ehlanganisa izingxenye ezine. I-Antennae yenza umsebenzi wokuthinta nowokuhogela. I-capsule yekhanda ilingana ngobubanzi ne-prothorax. Izitho zomlomo zifanekiselwa yi-proboscis egobekile ngokuqinile, enezingxenye ezine. Esimweni esizolile, i-proboscis imvama igoba ngaphansi kwesifuba. Amehlo makhulu kakhulu, ayisiyingi, avele kancane ngaphezu komugqa womzimba.

Imilenze yokuqala itholakala ngemuva kwekhanda emaphethelweni angaphambili e-prothorax. Imfishane kakhulu kunezinye futhi, eqinisweni, yaphenduka uhlobo lwesitho sokubamba inyamazane. Unyawo oluhlanganiswe kabili luphela ngezinsimbi ezimbili eziqinile. Imilenze yesibili yinde kakhulu futhi itholakala emaphethelweni ongemuva we-mesothorax ende, yingakho ihlukaniswe kakhulu kweyokuqala. Imilenze yesibili itholakala ngemuva kweyesibili futhi iseduze kwesifuba sasemuva esifushane. Ngakho-ke, imilenze yangaphambili imfishane, iphakathi nendawo futhi ingemuva imilenze mncane futhi yinde. Izinkalo zabo nemilenze ephansi nengxenye yokuqala yonyawo iyaphakeme. Izindandatho emilenzeni ephakathi nangemuva imilenze incane kuneyokuqala futhi ayitholakali emaphethelweni onyawo, kepha kude kakhulu nayo. Ama-paws ambozwe ngokubomvu ngezinwele ezingavuthwa. Ezindaweni zokubonakaliswa komzimba, imilenze iqinisiwe ngenxa yemisipha eqinile. Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwemilenze, isisindo somzimba samitha wamanzi sisatshalaliswa endaweni ebalulekile.

Kwezinye izinhlobo, abantu abadala banamaphiko akhule kahle amboza sonke isisu kusuka phezulu.Kwezinye izimbangi zamanzi, amaphiko afushane noma awekho ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, izimbangi zamanzi akuvamile ukundiza.

Umzimba namathiphu wemilenze embozwe ngezinwele ezinzima ezingenamanzi, zidala indawo eyi-hydrophobic (bheka umthetho weCasssier), ngenxa yokuthi lapho amamitha amanzi eguqulwa khona ukuze afukamele amanzi. Umugqa wamanzi uyahamba, usakaza kabanzi ngamabili amabili emilenze emide nemincane, ephakathi nangemuva. Lapho unyakaza, imilenze yohlobo ngalunye ilethwa ngaphambili ngasikhathi sinye, ngokungafani nohlobo lwamamitha amanzi IHydrometraezinyakazisa imilenze yohlangothi ngalunye ngokuhlukile. Izindandatho ezimfushane zikhomba phambili futhi zisetshenziselwa ukubamba inyamazane. Kusukela ebusweni bamanzi ngemilenze ephakathi, i-strider yamanzi ibonakala sengathi ifiphaza ukugxuma okude ebusweni bayo. Imilenze emibili yangemuva isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukunyakaza, ukusebenza njenge-helm. Lapho behlula izithiyo bayakwazi ukwenza izinhlanga.

Ukuhamba kwamamitha wamanzi

Izitebhisi zamanzi ziyizimfanelo zangempela zokuntweza emanzini. Ngemilenze yabo emide, bayakwazi ukugibela emanzini, njengama-skaters eqhweni abushelelezi.

Ubhekene nesithiyo - isiqeshana se-duckweed noma ezinye izitshalo zasemanzini, "ama-skaters" enza ukugxuma okunobuhlakani futhi anqobe isithiyo ngokugxuma okuqinile. Ingxenye eyinhloko kulokhu kuqondisa kungokwamabili amabili angemuva wemilenze. Amawashi wemitha yamanzi ahlanganiswe nento enamafutha futhi ayimanziswa ngamanzi, ngakho-ke izinambuzane zivele kalula ebusweni bamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokunyakaza ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqina kwemilenze, kuvela izidududu ezincanyana emanzini. Lezi zi-mini-whirlpools zisiza umugqa wamanzi ukuwela ukuwela ngaphezulu ngaphandle komzamo futhi echibini elizolile nasolwandle olungagodli.

Ososayensi bakufakazisile ukuthi iziqaqa zamanzi wanoma yiluphi usayizi zisebenzisa izinyawo zazo njengama-oars - ziyaqaqa futhi zidlulisela isisusa emanzini ikakhulu ngeziphephezelayo eziphuma ngamadolozi. Ukuhlola le mqondo, abacwaningi bakha izinambuzane zokwenziwa ezingahamba njenge-strider yamanzi.
EsiNgisini, i-water strider "i-strider water" noma "ukuhamba phezu kwamanzi." Irobhothi lalibizwa ngokuthi "i-robostrider", futhi i-strider yamanzi yokufakelwa yayikwazi ukuhamba emanzini, njengomlingani wayo wemvelo.

Lapho ihamba, i-water strider isakaza kakhulu imilenze yayo, futhi isabalalisa ngokulinganayo isisindo somzimba ngaphezu kwendawo enkulu.

Umzimba omude we-strider yamanzi, ngokunyakaza okubukhali futhi okusheshayo, uwusabalalisa ngokuphelele umoya.

Izici zokwakheka kwemilenze zihambisana nokuhamba kwezinambuzane emanzini: imilenze emincane ye-strider yamanzi lapho kuhlangana khona nomzimba ikhuluphele ngokweqile, kunemisipha eqinile ebamba iqhaza ekuhambeni okuqinile.

Isigaxa samanzi asikwazi ukuntywila, noma ngabe singene emanzini.

Uhlangothi lwesisu somzimba lumbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe ezinento ye-waxy, ngakho-ke amanzi awamanzi umzimba nemilenze yemitha yamanzi.

Iqiniso ngukuthi ama-bubble air abanjwa phakathi kwezinwele ezincane kunazo zonke. Futhi njengoba isisindo sesinambuzane sincane, lo moya uvimba umgadli wamanzi ukuba angashoni.

Indlela yokuphila

Izingqinamba zamanzi zihlala emizimbeni yamanzi egelezayo futhi ehamba kancane, kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala cishe kunoma yimuphi umzimba wamanzi, kusukela emaphayipini amancane emhlabathini futhi aphela ngamanzi olwandle. Ama-Galobates (Halobates) - Uhlobo lwezahlanzana zamanzi olwandle ezivela emndenini - okuwukuphela kwezinambuzane ezazigcwele ulwandle oluvulekile futhi zijwayelane nokuphila ezimeni ezinjalo. Kutholakala endaweni engasolwandle yezindawo ezishisayo zasolwandle i-Atlantic, Indian kanye nePacific (ezinye izinhlobo kude nobude bamakhilomitha ukusuka ogwini). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amanye ama-halobates angahlala ngokusondelana ne-colonel hydroids veldella ne-porpita, eyisebenzisa njenge "raft".

Uhlobo luvame eCentral Asia Ama-Geterobates, abameleli bayo bazivumelanisa nokuphila emifuleni nge-yamanje enamandla kakhulu futhi esheshayo. Ngakho-ke bahlala eSyr Darya, e-Amu Darya, eVakhsh nakweminye imifula emikhulu.Izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu IHeterobates dohrandtielithululela ngokumelene nokwamanje emihlambini.

Ukuhlangana kuvame ukwenzeka entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda kulo lonke ihlobo bese kuvela isizukulwane sesibili sezinambuzane engxenyeni yaso yesibili. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yokugcina amanzi nabantu abadala kuyenzeka njalo ukuthi kuhlangatshezwane nezibalo zeminyaka ehlukile. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda emanzini amasentimitha ambalwa ngaphansi kobuso bayo, eduze kwezinhlobo zezinto ezintantayo emanzini. Ubude bamaqanda abudluli kuma-1 mm, ijamo lingama-cylindrical, elinemiphetho eyindilinga. Amaqanda anamathela ngokuqinile ku-substrate naphakathi komunye nomunye ngento emhlophe edonsa emanzini. Amaqanda ngokuvamile ahlanganiswe neziqu zezitshalo zasemanzini noma ku-algae kanye nezinye izitshalo. Ukuhlangana kuvame ukuthatha uhlobo lwentambo ende efana nejelly evalela amaqanda angama-50. Isigaba seqanda sithatha izinsuku ezingama-7. Izibungu zisanda kuvela emaqandeni acishe abe ngu-1 mm ubude, ziphuzi, ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane ziba mnyama. Izingqinamba zamanzi, njengazo zonke izimbungulu, zibonakaliswa inguquko engaphelelanga - izibungu zazo kwinqubo yokuthuthuka zifana noma zincane kakhulu kubantu abadala, isigaba se-pupal asikho. Izibungu zezinqe zamanzi nazo ziyafana ngokubukeka kwezinambuzane ezindala (abantu abadala). Ukuthuthukiswa kwezibungu kuqhubeka ngezigaba ezi-5 noma ezi-6. Izibungu ziyahlukahluka kubantu abadala ngosayizi omncane nomzimba omfishane ovuvukala. Konke ukuthuthukiswa kwezibungu kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-40.

Izisulu zamanzi ziyizisulu ezisebenzayo. Zidla ngokuphila ngama-invertebrates amancane, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane eziwele ebusweni bamanzi noma zintanta ebusweni bawo ukusuka emanzini. Ikakhulu, abahlaseli bamanzi badla iPodura eningi, ehlala phezu kwamanzi, kanye nomiyane ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwabo. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla iqukethe izimpungushe zamahhashi nezibungu zazo. Ibona inyamazane, ibamba lamanzi libamba imilenze yayo yangaphambili, ifake iphoyinti layo elibukhali kuyo, njengesiphazamiso esijwayelekile, ingena inyamazane.

Izinhlobo ezinamaphiko uma zoma ezindlini ezihlala kuzo ziyakwazi ukundiza zihambele abanye ngamakhilomitha amaningi.

Ngesikhathi semvula nomoya ovunguzayo, kanye nasekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika, bafika ogwini. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, abashayeli bamanzi bashiya iziqiwi bese bephephela ngaphansi kwamagagasi amadala noma ku-moss. Ngemuva kobusika, abameleli abanamaphiko baphelelwa amandla okundiza, njengoba izicubu zabo ezindizayo ziqhibilika, ukuhlinzeka izinambuzane ngokuhlinzekwa okuyinhloko kwamandla okuzingela nokuzala.

Ukuphakelwa kwemitha yamanzi

Izitha zamanzi ziyizisulu zokudla. Zidla ezinambuzaneni nasezilwaneni ezincane ezitholakala ngaphezu kwamanzi. Lapho sethole inyamazane ngosizo lwamehlo amakhulu ayisiyingi, umhlaseli uyayijaha ayibambe ngemilenze yayo yangaphambili, obunjengokubukeka kwayo. Lapho-ke isigaxa samanzi siveza i-proboscis yaso ebukhali, siyifaka emzimbeni wesisulu futhi simunce okuqukethwe. Esimweni esizolile, i-strider yamanzi igoba i-proboscis ngaphansi kwesifuba. Izingqinamba zamanzi zinezinsana ezinde, okuyizitho zokuhogela nokuthinta.

I-strider yamanzi isinambuzane esidlayo.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi zamanzi

Ama-strider amanzi abeka amaqanda awo emaqabungeni ezitshalo zasemanzini emgqeni owodwa, kanti amaqanda ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngento enamafutha. Ukugoba kufana nentambo ende efana nejelly enamaqanda angaba ngu-50. Ezinye izinduku zenziwa ngaphandle kwento yama-mucous futhi zakha uchungechunge lwama-testicles, alele nje emaphethelweni eshidi lesitshalo samanzi, kulokhu, ama-testicles ahambisana komunye umugqa owodwa. Izinhlobo ezincane zezinqe zamanzi zimane zinamathele amaqanda azo kwizicubu zezitshalo.

Izinambuzane zibekela amaqanda kulo lonke ihlobo. Echibini, kanye nemichilo yamanzi yabantu abadala, izibungu emazingeni ahlukahlukene entuthuko afana kakhulu nabantu abadala. Zihluka ngobukhulu obuncane bomzimba kanye nesisu esifushane esinyakazayo.

Izinambuzane zezinqe zamanzi

Echibini kukhona izixaka zamanzi, lapho kukhona amachashazi abomvu emzimbeni, lezi izibungu eziyizigaxa zezikhaza zasemanzini (i-Limnochares), ezidla ngegazi lazo kusuka ezinambuzaneni zasemanzini.

Kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezinamaphiko nezingenamaphiko zezisulu zamanzi.

Izici zempilo yezitha zamanzi

Abagibeli bamanzi basebenza kakhulu emanzini, kepha abalungele ngokuphelele ukuhamba isikhathi eside emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, imichilo yamanzi emhlabathini ikhethwa kuphela uma kufika isikhathi sobusika. Babambana ngezihlakala emhlabeni wonke beyofuna indawo ecashile. Izinambuzane zihlala eduze kwamanzi, ngaphansi kwamagxolo, emantangeni noma emifantweni yesihlahla.

Imilenze yangaphambili yezimbangi zamanzi imfishane kuneminye imilenze futhi iyadingeka ekubambeni ukudla, ukusunduza lapho uhamba, futhi nokulwa.

Izimbangi zamanzi azilahlekelwa ithuba lokugcina izisulu zazo. Ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa ucezu, ababaleki abaningana abaleka babambelela emilenzeni yabo yangaphambili, futhi, bengakwazi ukumelana, bawe bese begibela phezu kwamanzi. Isisulu siya emzileni wamanzi ngobuqili nowobuqili, obudla ukudla endaweni ecashile bese uyakudla, kanti abanye bahlangana. Kusebenzisa imilenze yangaphambili, izinambuzane zilawula ijubane lokuhamba, kanti imilenze emine esele iyisisekelo futhi isebenza njengamasondo.

Bangancela igazi lomuntu.

Izinhlobo zezitha zamanzi

Ezitokisini, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemisipha yamanzi, izinhlobo ezaziwayo: i-waterider strider, i-strider water armider, i-Veliya, i-strider water strider, i-strider yamanzi amancane kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu ayisikhombisa.

• I-strider yamanzi inkulu. Umzimba wesinambuzane ufinyelela ku-17 mm ubude. Ipendiwe ngombala obomvu womzimba, inamaphiko.
• Isigaxa samanzi echibini singobude obu-1 cm. Sipendiwe ngombala onsundu, imilenze ilula, imivimbo emnyama itholakala okhalweni lwangaphambili. Kwabesilisa, isisu simnyama, kwabesifazane - bomvu.
• Isilinganisi samanzi olwandle sincane kunezihlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile, kuphela nge-5 mm. Ugijima ngejubane le-3.5 km / h. Ihlasela i-jellyfish, i-physalium, idla inhlanzi caviar. Ihlala olwandle lwePacific nolwaseNdiya. Izinambuzane zinamathela emanzini avulekile, zingatholakala kumakhilomitha amaningi ukusuka phezulu komhlaba. Azinamaphiko.

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Izici nezindawo zokuhlala zezinqe zamanzi

I-strider yamanzi - isinambuzane esingahamba phezu kwamanzi. Akunzima ukubona izidalwa ezinjalo ezithokozisayo ezilwaneni zasendle, ziphumula ehlobo osebeni lwechibi elithile elizolile.

Isigaxa samanzi Inesimo esidlulileko, futhi ngokubukeka kwayo ifana nezikebhe ezinamacroscopic, ecwebezelayo phezu kwamanzi. Isigaxa samanzi (ikilasi izinambuzane) ungumnikazi wemilenze emide emincane, ngosizo adlula ngokulula phezu kwamachibi, efana nesikeyiti se-fortoso, ubuciko nekhono okuyinto nemvelo uqobo lwayo eyayinakekela.

Umzimba walezi zidalwa, njengoba ubona isithombe samamitha amanzi, ngaphandle kuqhathaniswa ne-wand emincane. Isisu sazo simbozwe ngokuphelele izinwele ezimhlophe, zifakwe into ekhethekile ye-waxy, ngakho umzimba omncane walesi sidalwa nemilenze yaso ayina manzi ngenkathi ihamba emanzini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ama-Bubble emoyeni phakathi kwezinwele ezinesibonakhulu, okwenza ukuthi izinambuzane zingangeni emanzini, yize isisindo sazo esincane sifaka isandla kulokhu. Le yincazelo ephelele ye kungani iwele lamanzi linganyakazi.

Esithombeni, isimbungulu samanzi

Ukwakheka kwemilenze kusiza nekhono ukuhambisa lezi zidalwa. Yize zizacile, zikhulu impela ezindaweni zokuxhunywa ku-torso futhi zinezicubu zomzimba eziqinile ezisiza ukukhulisa isivinini esikhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi walezi zidalwa.

Incazelo yemitha yamanzi ungaqhubeka ngokusho ukuthi cishe zingamakhulu ayisikhombisa izinhlobo zezidalwa ezinjalo ezihlala emvelweni. Ngokulandelana kwezimbungulu, izimbambo zamanzi ziyisihlobo esiseduze kakhulu salesi sinambuzane.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezaziwayo kune-strider enkulu yamanzi, omzimba wayo ufinyelela kubude obungaba-2 cm. Unamaphiko nombala obomvu bomzimba.Amamitha wamachibi wamapayipi angekho ngaphezu kwesentimitha ubukhulu upende ngombala omnyama onsundu futhi unemilenze elula. Amaduna nezinsikazi zalolu hlobo lwezinambuzane zihlukaniswa kalula umbala wesisu, ngoba okokuqala wona umnyama, kanti kwesibili lubomvu.

Isici sempilo ye-strider yamanzi yikhono lokusuka ekujuleni okuyingozi kovimba wamachibi amakhulu kasawoti. Izidalwa ezinjalo zifaka phakathi i-strider yamanzi olwandle. Ubukhulu bayo bukhulu kakhulu, ngisho nokuqhathaniswa nezihlobo zayo ezinamanzi amasha.

Ubude balesi sidalwa bufika kuphela ngo-5 mm. Lezi zidalwa ezinesibindi, ezijwayele ukulwa kwalasha olwandle oluvukelayo, ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esijabulisayo salezi zidalwa ezincanyana, cishe eziqhathanisa nekhono lokuhamba emhlabeni ngabantu. Lezi zinambuzane zihlala e-Indian and Pacific Oceans. Zingabonakala ngisho noma kukude ngamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ogwini.

Izinhlobo kanye nendlela yokuphila

Izikejana zamanzi ziyizinambuzane ezihlala ngaphezu kwemizimba yamanzi. Zivame ukudideka nezicabucabu, zombili zinomzimba omncane nezinyawo ezinde. Kodwa-ke, impilo yabo ihlala ixhumene namanzi, bahlala emachibini, emifuleni nasemachibini.

Kubalulekile! Kunemigqa yamanzi asolwandle angahamba amabanga amade. Izinhlobo zeLake nezomfula zihlala ikakhulu ngasogwini. Bahlala bahlala emhlambini omkhulu, futhi ebusweni bamanzi abantu ayi-4 ka-800 bangabukwa ngasikhathi sinye.

Ngemuva kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izimbungulu zifihle. Bakwenza lokhu eduze kwezimila noma umhlabathi osogwini. Ubusika buhlala emhlabathini, becashe emasimini, ngaphansi kwamatshe noma phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla. Lapho kufika ukushisa, bavuka bese beqala ukwanda.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila yokuphila kwe-strider yamanzi

Kungani imitha yamanzi ibizwa kanjalo? Igama lesinambuzane lidlulisela ngokunembile indlela yalo yokuphila, ngoba sonke isikhathi esabelwe ukuba khona kwalesi silwane sisebenza ekulinganiseni ubuso baso ngemilenze yaso emide emide, ehlanganisiwe Indawo yokuhlala kwe-strider yamanzi.

Lezi zinambuzane zingabanikazi bamabili, ahluke ngosayizi, imilenze. Imilenze yabo yangaphambili imfushane kunezinye futhi isetshenzisiwe, kufaka phakathi, njengohlobo lwesondo lokuqondisa, okungukuthi, ukulawula indlela okuhamba ngayo nesivinini sokunyakaza.

Kusetshenziswa amanye amabili i-strider yamanzi—isiphazamiso igxuma emanzini, njengomuntu ogibela esikebheni, esebenza ngezidladla zayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sidalwa esiphilayo sinezimpondo ezibekwe ekhanda laso, ezikwazi ukukhetha noma ukushintshashintsha okungabonakali kakhulu kwendawo yasemanzini, sikhonza njengesidalwa esincane esinohlobo lokuthola imininingwane edingekayo evela emhlabeni wangaphandle njengezitho zokuthinta nezokuhogela.

Izinambuzane zinombala onsundu omnyama, onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nombala omnyama, ozobanika isivikelo esihle, uzenze zingabonakali ezitheni, ikakhulukazi izinyoni ezidla inyama, ezingaba yinyama yazo.

Ukuba ngumhlali wamachibi okuphela nje namachibi athule, kodwa futhi nezigxobo ezincane, i-strider yamanzi iyakwazi ukundiza isuka ezindaweni zokucima ukoma zamachibi angajulile ngosizo lwamaphiko e-webbed afihlwe ngaphansi kwe-elytra. Kuliqiniso, lezi zinambuzane azivumelaniswa kakhulu nezindiza, okwenza ukuhamba komoya kuyaqabukela futhi kunesidingo kuphela.

Uma isendleleni izimbangi zamanzi emanzini kuphakama izithiyo ezingalindelekile, ezingaba izitshalo zasemanzini noma amaza amancane endaweni ethule yamanzi, iyakwazi ukwenza ukugxuma, icindezele izingalo zayo ebusweni bamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela inqande isithiyo esivimbela intuthuko yayo. Ukugxuma okuchaziwe kuyamsiza ukuba enze imilenze ende yangemuva.

Njengokuntanta izimbungulu, i-strider yamanzi isebenzisa ama-paws ayo njengama-oi angavamile. Kepha ngokungafani nezihlobo zesinambuzane okukhulunyiwe, ayifaneleki ekujuleni kwenhliziyo.

Kulesi sithombe iwele lamanzi asemfuleni

Ungena emanzini nangezinyawo zakhe, wenza izixhumo zamanzi ezisiza kuphela ukuhamba kwakhe futhi zenze ukuthi akwazi ukuhambisa hhayi kuphela endaweni ethule lamanzi, kodwa futhi nakamagagasi olwandle olwandle.Usebenzisa imilenze emide njengama-oars, ewabeka kabanzi futhi ngekhono esabalalisa isisindo somzimba wakhe endaweni ende ukuze anciphise ingcindezi emanzini.

Ukuba abagijimi bamanzi abahle kakhulu, abagibeli bamanzi abakulungele ngokuphelele ukunyakaza okuphambili emhlabathini, abaluthatha kuphela uma kunesidingo sokuhlala "ezindlini" zobusika.

Ekufuneni kwabo indawo efuna indawo ephephile, bavele badlula emhlabeni. Izindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene ezihlahleni namagxolo awo, kanye nezitshalo ezifanele, ngokwesibonelo, umhlwa, zingaba yindawo yazo yokuhlala kumakhaza.

Ukuphakelwa kwemitha yamanzi

Ngokumangazayo, isidalwa esincane, esibonakala singenacala - izinambuzane zemigqa yamanzi, umhlaseli wangempela. Lezi zidalwa azidli nje izihlobo zesigaba sazo kuphela, kepha futhi zingenela inyamazane ebaluleke ngokwengeziwe, zidla, ngokwesibonelo, abameli abancane bomhlaba wezilwane, abakwaziyo ukuzithola phakathi kwempahla yabo yamanzi.

Bayakwazi ukubona inyamazane yabo ngosizo lwezitho eziyindilinga zokubona, okungukuthi, amehlo abanawo. Izibalo zabo zangaphambili zifakwe izingwegwe ezikhethekile abazisebenzisayo ukubamba izisulu zabo.

Phakathi kokunye, i-strider yamanzi ine-proboscis ebukhali, entantayo, eshayela futhi imunca okuqukethwe okubalulekile. Lapho igcwele, igoqa kahle insiza yayo, igoba ngaphansi kwesifuba, ngakho-ke i-phenoscis ayiphazamisi ukuhamba kwamamitha amanzi nempilo yazo ejwayelekile.

I-strider water strider idla i-caviar yezinhlanzi, idla i-physalis ne-jellyfish. Imvelo futhi idale izinhlobo zezinhlanzeko zamanzi washers, amacici amanzi, eziphila ngenxa yokuphelelwa yigazi kwezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.

Phakathi kwabahlaseli bamanzi, ukulwa phakathi kwabo akuyona into engjwayelekile ngenxa yezidakamizwa, abazama ukuyigcina ngezingalo zabo zangaphambili. Basebenzisa izinyawo ezifanayo, bangena empini nezihlobo zabo eziyimbangi futhi bathathe inyamazane yabo.

Izinambuzane ezibuthakathaka kakhulu, njengoba zingakwazi ukubambelela ekubambeni, zisuse amanani azo, zilahlekelwe yimilenze yemilenze yangaphambili, zivame ukuwa futhi zindize phezu kwezithende endaweni ethile engaziwa. Futhi izimbangi ezinobuqili kakhulu futhi ezinobuqili ziyazuza, zibaleke ngesibambiso ziye endaweni ecashile ukuze zijabulise buthumbe umphangi.

Izici zomjikelezo wempilo

Ehlobo, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda azo phezu kwezitshalo zasemanzini. Amaqanda angabekwa ngokwahlukana noma ngamaqembu amancane. Kepha imvamisa, amaqanda enanini lezingcezu ezingama-40-50 aboshelwa ndawonye yi-mucous ntho ngendlela yokuthi iqanda elibeka ngayo libukeka njengamaribhoni amade nezintambo.

Izibungu zezimbungulu zamanzi (nymphs) ezizalwe zifana nabantu abadala. Ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi nomzimba. Zidla, njengezinambuzane zabantu abadala, kuma-invertebrates amancane.

Ngenkathi ebusika, izimbungulu zamanzi, njengabanye abamele iqembu, zilibele. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, baye bangasebenzi kancane futhi kancane kancane bashiye imizimba yabo yamanzi. Izimbungulu ezinombhede wamanzi zifuna ngokucophelela indawo yokukhosela - emiqhugwaneni yamagxolo, iziqu ezindala, udoti wamaqabunga, phakathi kwama-lichens kanye nama-mosses Ngemuva kokuthola indawo efanelekile, imitha yamanzi iba manzi, iwele kokumiswa okwesikhashana futhi kulesi simo silinde isikhathi sokushoda okukhulu kokukhanya, ukushisa nokudla.

Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuncibilika kokugcina kweqhwa nokusungulwa kwezinga lokushisa elifudumele, izimbangi zamanzi ziyavuka. Ngokushesha nje lapho bevukile, ngokushesha bagcwala umzimba wamanzi oseduze bese beqala ukudla kakhulu. Lesi sikhathi sinendima ekhethekile empilweni yomzimba wonke wamanzi wonke, ngoba kunokuhlanzwa okukhulu kwamanzi angaphezulu komhlaba ezinambuzini ezifile kanye nemfucumfucu yazo.

Izibungu zamanzi-bug

Izibungu ezithwala amanzi zidla inyamazane

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Isigaxa samanzi sowesifazane sibeka amaqanda emaqabungeni ezitshalo, sizinamathe ngosizo lwe-mucus ekhethekile (ngokubukeka lifana nentambo ende, equkethe amadiphozithi amashumi amaningana amasende). Uma i-clutch yama-testicles amaningi yenziwa, khona-ke umuthi we-mucous awudingeki.

Futhi ngemifantu emincane, awukwazi ukuyenza ngaphandle kwayo, ngoba ama-testicles nje awakwazi ukuhlala kwizicubu ezithambile zezitshalo. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa “ngumqondo wemvelo kababa”, ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwezinsikazi ukuthi babambe iqhaza empilweni yabo, kuze kube yilapho behambisana namaqanda ngenkathi kubekwa amaqanda. Zivikela futhi zivikela insikazi namawundlu.

Kubalulekile! Zonke izinsuku zasehlobo, abantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi bazala izingane. Izibungu zivele emavikini ambalwa, kuthi emva kwenyanga zibe ngabantu abadala. Ungahlukanisa abasha nabazali izilinganiso zomzimba, futhi esifushane, isisu sokuvuvukala samawundlu. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezimbangi zamanzi cishe unyaka.

Okuphakelayo amamitha wamanzi, ukuzala kwawo

Amamitha wamachibi wamanzi nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezidlayo. Kakhulu ukondla ezilwaneni ezincane nezinambuzane ezihlala ngaphezu kwamanzi. Amehlo amakhulu we-spherical ngombono omuhle wokusiza izimbungulu ukuthola inyamazane. Ukwakheka kwemilenze yangaphambili ye-strider yamanzi kufana nokuyigwegwe ngosizo lwazo. Unobuchopho obukhali, abunamathela emzimbeni wesisulu futhi amunce okuqukethwe. Lapho lesi sinambuzane sizolile sma ngaphansi kwesifuba.

Kungani ukulunywa umiyane kubangela ukuvuvukala nokubomvu

Imvamisa, izinambuzane ezincane eziwela emanzini ngengozi ziba ukudla kwazo,

Futhi okuphakelayo kwamanzi i-caviar yezinhlanzi, gazinga lezinhlanzi, amaqanda ezinambuzane ezincane. Kwesinye isikhathi baqoqiwe eqenjini elincane, bangahlasela izinambuzane ezinkulu. Ngokufaka ijusi yokugaya emzimbeni wesisulu nje imizuzu embalwa, amunca konke okudingekayo kuyo.

Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi isivele ngemuva kwesonto eli-1 ubeka amaqanda. Iqanda lowesifazane libeka phakathi kwamashidi wezimila zasemanzini. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zizalela amaqanda azo ngesibambo esimhlophe esigcotshwe nge-mucus. Ku-clutch eyodwa kungaba namaqanda angafika kwangama-50. Izinhlobo ezincane zam stripper zamanzi zibeka amaqanda angawodwa ngaphandle kwe-gluing.

Isikhathi sokukhwelana nokuzala ngaso sonke isikhathi kwenzeka lapho kufika ukushisa. Cishe maphakathi nehlobo kuvela isizukulwane sesibili sezimbungulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungabuka izimbangi zamanzi zeminyaka ehlukile. Amaqanda abekiwe aze afike ku-1 mm ngosayizi ane-cylindrical shape. Ngemuva kwamasonto angu-1-2, kuvela izibungu. Ekuqaleni, izibungu ziphuzi, kepha zibe mnyama.

Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izinambuzane ziyalahlekelwa amaphiko azo bese ziphenduka izakhamuzi ezivamile zomhlaba.

Habitat

Izikebhe zamanzi ezijwayelekile zihlala ezindlini zokugcina amanzi, eduze nogu, ukuze ukwazi ukucasha emahlathini ezitshalo ezinhlanzini. Abantu basolwandle bahlala ikakhulukazi oLwandle iPacific nolwaseNdiya. Izihlukanisi zamanzi ahlanzekile zihlala ngaphezu kwemifula, amachibi anamandla anganamandla, kanye nasezigodini ezincane nemifudlana. Imvamisa bakhetha isimo sezulu esifudumele nesishisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingaphila esimweni sezulu esibuhlungu nesineqhwa.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo avela empilweni yama-strider amanzi

1. Lezi zinambuzane zihamba phambili ugijime ebusweni bamanzi, kubo uyinto yendabuko. Emhlabeni bazizwa bengabhapathizwanga, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukuhlala lapho isikhathi eside.
2. Bafuna izindlu ezihlala zodwa ebusika, bajikeleza umhlaba ngezinyawo. Isikhathi esiningi bachitha ubusika busegangeni lesihlahla, emgqeni noma emifantwini yeziqu.
3. Izimayini zihlala zizifinyelela okusheshayo, umuntu ogugile futhi okhohlisayo, ngoba abaphuthelwa ithuba lokuthola izisulu zabo. Ngenkathi abanye belwa bodwa, i-agile ethe xaxa isusa inyamazane bese idla imfudumalo endaweni eseceleni. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, zivame ukuzingela izinhlanzi ezincane futhi zilume umuntu kabuhlungu.
4. Ishaywe okuthile izinambuzane njalo gijimela eningizimu. Ngokusobala, baqondiswa yilanga noma isithombe sombala wesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ehlangothini olufanayo abaleka ebusuku.
5. Emvelweni basengozini - inhlanzi izibungu zamanzi. Izingqinamba zamanzi zisizakala ngendalo ngoba ziyizitha eziphambili zama-Horseflies egazi. Ngenxa yamamitha wamanzi, izimpukane zamahhashi zihlala zilawulwa.
6. Enye futhi isici esibalulekile - ukudla izinsalela zabamele abangasekho bezinyama. Lezi zilwanyana ezincane zizuzisa imvelo, amanzi ahlanzekile futhi zivikele ukubola kwezinsalela zezinye izilwane.

Ukulimala nezinzuzo zemichilo yamanzi

Isiphazamisi samanzi asisona isinambuzane esiyingozi kubantu. Ungabhukuda ngokuphepha emachibini lapho kukhona lezi zinambuzane. Kepha uma kwenzeka kunokusongela, i-strider yamanzi ingakuluma. Kodwa-ke, ukuluma kuzofana nomjovo okhanyayo ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi.

Izimbungulu zeBedbug, uma inani lazo likhulu kakhulu, zingaba yingozi kwezokudoba. Badla gazinga kwezinhlobo zenhlanzi ezibalulekile futhi bamunca okuqukethwe amaqanda. Uma kukhona imichilo emincane yamanzi, ukulimala kwemisebenzi yabo ebalulekile akubalulekanga.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, izingqinamba zamanzi zingazuza. Babamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekunqophiseni isibalo sezimbangi zamahhashi ezihlasela igazi, eziletha ukuphazamiseka okuningi kubantu nasezilwaneni. Izimpungushe zibeka izibungu zazo emanzini. Izitha zamanzi zihlasela abantu abadala, izibungu bese zidla amaqanda. Ubukhulu bezimpukane zamahhashi bukhulu kakhulu kunosayizi wezimbungulu zamanzi, ngakho-ke zihlanganiswa zaba ngamaqembu ukuzingela. Iqembu lezimbangi zamanzi lingadla izimpungushe zamahhashi ihora lonke.

Iqembu labagadli bamanzi elihlasela ihhashi

Ingabe i-strider yamanzi iyingozi kubantu?

Ubungozi kubantu, lezi zinambuzane azimeleli. Zonke izisulu zabo zincanyana ngosayizi futhi zinendawo ehlukile. Kodwa-ke, izimbungulu zamanzi azinabungozi kangako, uma ziphazamisekile, ziyakwazi ukugwaza. Imishini yabo yokuthunga ibukhali kakhulu, futhi ingakuluma kalula ngesikhumba somuntu. Kepha ukulunywa kwabo akulimazi umzimba.

Indawo encane ebomvu ingakheka endaweni yokuluma, ehambisana nokulunywa okuncane. Ukususa le mizwa, indawo ethintekile kufanele igcotshwe nge-iodine. Izikejana zamanzi zetropiki zithwala ingozi encane, ngenxa yokulimala kwazo kungenzeka ukuthi zingadabuki.

Ukulandelwa kwekhodi kuhlala amasonto ambalwa, indawo ethintekile kumele ilashwe ngemithi ekhethekile, kanye nokuthatha ama-antihistamines. Umonakalo omkhulu onga ukwenziwa yilezi zinambuzane ukudla izinhlanzi ezingavamile, zincela okuqukethwe yimizimba yazo.

Izikejana zamanzi ziyizinambuzane zamanzi ezihlala olwandle, imifula, amachibi, ngisho nasezihlahleni. Akujwayelekile isakhiwo samamitha amanzi isiza ukunqoba amabanga amade nokuzingela inyamazane. Akuyona ingozi kubantu.

Isikhathi sokuphila somugqa wamanzi cishe unyaka, phakathi naleso sikhathi lapho bezala khona inzalo. Ngenxa ye-antennae ebhekise ezimpondweni, owesilisa uthola ngokushesha lowesifazane bese emfaka umquba. Cishe amaqanda ayishumi akhishwe kowesifazane oyedwa. Ukuzihlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu zamanzi, udinga ukubheka imitha yamanzi esithombeni.

Ngabe impi yokulwa nemichilo yamanzi iyadingeka?

Izimbungulu zamanzi-umbhede ziyisixhumanisi esibaluleke kakhulu kunxantathu wokudla wemvelo. Njengoba sekushiwo, badlala indima enkulu ekwehliseni isibalo sezinyoni zamahhashi ezihlasela igazi, bazihlasela ngamaqembu amancane futhi zidla.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingaphezulu lechibi liyitafula elikhulu lokudlela, lapho imikhosi enomsindo ihlelwa khona ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho-ke abashayeli bamanzi bayinto esula izinsalela zokudla ezivela etafuleni ukuze zingaboli futhi zihehe ezinye izinambuzane.

Ngakho-ke, ukulwa ne-water-bugs akukufanele futhi akunangqondo noma isizathu. Lezi zinambuzane azilimazi abantu, noma izilwane abazikhulayo, noma izitshalo abazitshalayo.

Izinhlobo zezinambuzane

Zingaphezulu kuka-700 izinhlobo zabantu abashaya amanzi. Okuvame kakhulu kufaka phakathi:

• Isiziba samanzi echibi. Isici esiyingqayizivele sale nhlobo umbala okhanyayo wemilenze.
• Izimbungulu ezinkulu zamanzi. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bakhulu emndenini. Ubude bawo bufika ku-20 mm.
• Isigaxa samanzi esidonsa ngenduku. Igama lesilwane linqunywa ukubukeka kwayo nemikhuba yayo. Lesi isiphazamisi esifana ne-stick, sihlala eSiberia

Yisiphi isimilo nendlela yokuphila

I-strider water, noma i-Gerridae (ngesiLatini) isho isizinda sezimbungulu ezivela emndenini we-semi-rigid-winged.Emhlabeni, kunezinhlobo ezingama-700 zezinambuzane ezaziwayo ezingaphambanisa namanzi, njengoba kwenza ichibi lamachibi.

I-strider yamanzi iyisinambuzane esiphumayo, ngakho-ke, endaweni eyodwa ungabona izinambuzane ezi-5-6 ngasikhathi, ezingabavimbeli ekuhleleni ukubulawa kokudla okutholakele.

Yize lesi sinambuzane kungokwezimbungulu, ukubukeka kwesixaka samanzi akuhlangene nalokhu kwezinambuzane ezimbi, lapho siveza ukuqhuma okukodwa. Esithombeni esikhulisiwe sesiphazamiso se-strider yamanzi, kungabonakala ukuthi inomzimba omude, ofana nesikebhe onsundu, onsundu, ocishe ube umbala omnyama, ombozwe izinwele ezinzima. Imilenze nayo inezinwele ezinjalo.

UGerridae unamabili amathathu emilenze. Ingaphambili lifushane; linikeza ijubane nesiqondisi sokuhamba kwe-bug yamanzi. Imilenze yangaphambili ibuye ibe nokuxhumana phakathi kwezinambuzane. Ngala ma-paws, i-bug ithumba inyamazane, ilwe nabanye abantu abangenela impahla yayo. Abangemuva bakhulu, baqinile.

Amamitha wamanzi anemilenze emide kakhulu

Izimbungulu zombhede azishoni ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

1. Ukuma kwemilenze kusiza lesi sinambuzane ukuba sihambe emanzini: ingxenye engezansi yonyawo ibeka ngokuphelele emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulisa ukumelana komhlaba
2. Umoya uqongelela ngaphakathi kwezinwele. Kwakha uhlobo lweshishi yomoya.
3. Ngaphezu komoya, imilenze inenye impahla emangalisayo. Zigcinwe ngamafutha akhethekile akhipha amanzi, akhiqizwa umzimba walesi sinambuzane esimangalisayo, futhi sihlala somile.

Ekhanda leGerridae kukhona izimpondo ezithi, njenge-antenna, zibone ukuguquguquka okuncane kwamanzi, okumsiza ukuthi agweme ingozi futhi athole ukudla. Ukushintshashintsha kwezimpawu kwamanzi kwamanzi kusiza nomuntu omdala wesilisa ukuthola insikazi yokuzalela.

Uhlobo lwamakhono okuhamba emanzini

Izimbangi zamanzi zingahamba phezu kwamanzi ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningana. Ukushayisana okuphezulu komhlaba kanye nemilenze emide, ye-hydrophobic, isisindo esatshalaliswa sisetshenziselwa ukuhlala ngaphezulu kwamanzi.

Izinyawo zikuvumela ukuthi usabalalise isisindo somzimba phezu kwendawo enkulu engaphezulu. Imilenze iqinile, kepha iba nokuguquguquka kokugcina isisindo sisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, unyakaza ngokuhamba kwamanzi. Izinwele zilayini womzimba.

Kunezinkulungwane eziningana zezinwele ngesikwele esisodwa, esihlinzeka ngempahla ekhipha amanzi. Isikhundla sokugcina iningi lomzimba ongaphezulu kwamanzi sibizwa ngokuthi yi-epiplastic. Kuyisimo esichazayo se-strider samanzi.

Uma umzimba ungaphonswa ngengozi ngaphansi kwamanzi, izinwele ezincane zazibamba umoya. Amabhamuza omzimba emzimbeni wonke asunduza lesi sinambuzane, avumele ukuphefumula ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Imilenze ephakathi esetshenziselwa ukuqaqa inezinwele eziklanywe kahle ezenziwe kahle. Basiza ukukhulisa ukunyakaza ngokubonga ekuthambekeni. Izimbambo ezingemuva zisetshenziselwa ukuqondisa.

Ama-paws aphakathi asheshe acindezele phansi naphansi, adala i-wave wave yangaphezulu, lapho ikamu lisetshenziselwa ukuqhubekela phambili. Igagasi le-semicircular elidaliwe libalulekile ekuqapheleni amandla okuhamba ngokushesha, ngoba isebenza njengamandla aphikisayo. Izimbambo zamanzi zihamba ngejubane le-1 imitha ngomzuzwana noma ngokushesha.

Izici zokuziphatha kwemitha yamanzi

Abaningi bacabanga ngephutha ukuthi lesi izinambuzane zasemanzini kuphela. Isigaxa samanzi sichitha iningi lempilo yaso echibini, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi uyehluleka ukunqoba ezinye izinto. Isibonelo, unamaphiko okwenza izindiza ezincane. Uyawusebenzisa uma kwenzeka ichibi lakhe lokuzalwa liqala ukoma futhi kudingeka athole indawo yokukhosela entsha.

Futhi, lezi zinambuzane zingakwazi ukukhamba emhlabathini. Benza lokhu ngokungafanele, njengoba imilenze emincane ihlala ibambeka emifantu nasemaphutheni amancane. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwalokhu, umhlaba owomile ubalulekile kubo.Into ekhona ukuthi izigaxa zamanzi azikwazi ukubusika emanzini, yingakho zifuna indlu efudumele emhlabathini noma esihlahleni. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwezimbungulu luhlukile ngempela, ngoba wakwazi ukunqoba izinto ezintathu ngasikhathi sinye.

Isiphikisi samanzi wesiphithiphithi

Okukhona Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-700 zezimbungulu zemichilo yamanzi, ezihlukile komunye nomunye ngombala nosayizi. Lesi sinambuzane sinomzimba omude omude, ongasuka ku-1 mm uye ku-3 cm. Amabhuzu amathathu wemilenze anwebeka kuwo. Ingaphambili - lifushane, liyadingeka ekubambeni inyamazane futhi lilawule ijubane lokuhamba. Imilenze emaphakathi nangemuva isetshenziselwa ukuhamba futhi abe nobude obuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2kunomzimba we-strider yamanzi.

Kungani izimbungulu zamabhakede zamanzi zingashoni, kepha zigijime ebusweni bamanzi? Izinambuzane zigcinwa ngaphezulu kwamanzi ngenxa yamandla okuhuba kwawo. Ekhanda lesiphazamisi kunezimpondo ezikhethekile ezingabamba ngisho nokudlidliza okuncane komhlaba. Izinto zokusebenza ngomlomo zibhoboza-ukumunca, futhi zisetshenziselwa ukumunca okuqukethwe yisisulu.

ISIVIVINYO! Amanye ama-subtypes we-cannon yamanzi anamaphiko, futhi awasebenzise ukuhamba phakathi kwamachibi. Isikhashana ingahlala phezu kwezinsimbi zezigobongo. Abantu abangenazindiza bachitha impilo yabo yonke echibini elifanayo.

Amaqanda abekwa emacembe neziqu zezitshalo zamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi ziba zodwa, kepha imvamisa ngamaqembu wezingcezu ezingama-40-50. Izibungu zibukeka njengomuntu okhulile, kepha ziyahlukahluka emzimbeni omfushane womgomondo nosayizi omncane.

Ama-strider amanzi ahlala ezindaweni zokugcina ezinamanzi noma imifula ene-yamanje encane kakhulu. Ngubani odla izimbungulu futhi udlani? Angabuna emaphethelweni amanzi. Idla kuma-invertebrates, izinambuzane, i-fish Fry. Ngenxa yamehlo amakhulu, i-strider yamanzi iyakwazi ukuqaphela inyamazane ikude futhi uyihlasele nge-phenoscis yayo. Bona uqobo baba ukudla kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu.

Isiphazamisi sokulala

Isiphazamisi sombhede sinomzimba oshelelayo oshelelwé, sibonga isibalo saziwa ngegama. Imilenze emibili yangemuva inkulu kakhulu kuneyeminye, futhi isetshenziswa "njengama-oars" lapho ihamba emanzini.

IGladysh ithanda amachibi amile, kepha kuvame kakhulu ukuhlala kunoma yisiphi isigaxa noma isigaxa samanzi. Angenza izindiza ezinde ebusuku kuphela ukuthola indawo entsha ngokudla. Njengazo zonke ezinye izimbungulu, ama-smoothie anezinto zokubhoboza umlomo ezihlafunayo, ngosizo lawo lihlaba umzimba wesisulu futhi likhiphe izakhi zomzimba.

ISIVIVINYO! Ungabiza i-bedrock bug ngokuthi ngumculi - angakwazi ukuthinta ukubona kwakhe kwangaphambili ngokumelene ne-proboscis, ekhuluma uhlobo lokukhala.

Yini ephefumula izimbungulu kanye nesitho sayo sokuphefumula? Emanzini, lesi sinambuzane siyabhidliza sibheke phezulu, sibhekabheka phezu kwekhaphethi ebushelelezi. Kulesi sikhundla, ama-smoothie aphefumula umoya osemkhathini olula, othola ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezikhethekile ezingemuva kwesisu. Ngesikhathi sokumba, izinambuzane zithola ukunikezwa komoya okudingekayo, emva kwalokho zivaliwe ngamapuleti akhethekile.

Gladysh udla izinambuzane noma inhlanzi encane. Ngasikhathi sinye, yena uqobo angaba isisulu senhlanzi noma izinyoni. Kodwa-ke, imvelo ivikelekile kulaba bantu abahlukumezayo - umhlane wakhe ulula futhi isisu sakhe simnyama.

Isinambuzane sibeka amaqanda phansi noma ngaphansi kwengxenye yezitshalo. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, kuvela izibungu, ezifanayo nabantu abadala, kepha zilula.

IGladysh ayihlaseli umuntu, futhi imvamisa lapho ihlangana naye yenza sengathi ifile noma iphonsa uketshezi oluyiphunga lokuvikela. Kodwa-ke, lapho uzama ukuyithatha, ungathola ukuluma okulimala isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube nemikhosi emnandi kakhulu.

Izimbungulu zamanzi ziwumndeni wonke ezihlala kuphela emizimbeni yamanzi emifudlana noma emifuleni ene-now infree. Bangabazingeli, banezinto zokubhoboza-zokuncela, ngosizo lwayo olunconsela ama-juices kusuka ohlukunyeziwe. Ezinye izinhlobo zinamaphiko ezingathi zindize ngazo ziyofuna indawo yokuhlala entsha. Izimbungulu zamanzi azihlaseli abantu, kepha iyakwazi ukuqinisa isivikelo, ikulume kabuhlungu. Okudume kakhulu yizimbangi zamanzi nama-smoothies.

Izici zokuphila

Indawo yendawo yezimbungulu zamanzi iyizidalwa zamanzi ezinamanzi amile, imifula enenkambo ebonakalayo. Amawashi aphambili avumela ukukhahlazeka kuhamba phezu kwamanzi nasemhlabeni, kwandise indawo.

Ukudla kunama-invertebrates amancane, ezinye izinambuzane, izinhlanzi ezincane nezibungu zazo. Umbono omuhle kakhulu wamehlo amakhulu ayisiyingi ukuvumela ukuthi uqaphele isisulu sikude, bese uhlasela ngokuqondile nge-proboscis ebukhali. Ngenkathi udla inyamazane, imitha yamanzi iyayilungisa endaweni yayo ngama-paws angaphambili.

Njengomthetho, izinambuzane ngokwazo ziba ngumthombo wokudla kwezinhlanzi, zithwala izibungu zamanzi ama-mite. Ungabona ukuthi umuntu onegciwane noma cha uma kukhuphuka - uphawu olubomvu luvela esifubeni zalawa manzi angamanzi.

Abahlali bachitha isikhathi esibandayo sokwenza opopayi bamiswe okwesikhashana eduze kwedamu. Lapho kusetshenziswa ukushisa, izinambuzane ziyaqina bese ziqala ukuzala.

Njengomzuzu wokuzala, owesilisa ugibela intokazi, yona leyo engamelana, ishaye izidladla zamanzi. Izenzo zowesifazane ziheha abagadli bamanzi endaweni yesitha, ezesabisa isinambuzane futhi siyiphoqe ukuthi iqede lokho eikuqalile. Ukuthinta kwamaqanda kuthatha cishe isonto, kuthi emva kwalokho kubekwe phezu kwesiqu, ama-inflorescence namaqabunga ezitshalo (ngebhande le-mucus ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu, elisakazeke ngezincane).

Ukuze izibungu zivele, kufanele kudlule amasonto amabili. Ukuthuthuka kumuntu ovuthiwe ngokobulili kuthatha cishe inyanga. Isikhathi sokuphila se-wateriderider unyaka owodwa.

Ebusika, iziqaqa zamanzi ezinamaphiko ziya emhlabathini. Kumakhaza, amaphiko abantu ayawa, okwenza izinambuzane zingaphili.

Izinhlobo eziphambili

Ensimini yezwe lethu, ungathola izinhlobo ezine zezimbungulu zamanzi:

• Okukhulu - kungenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke, okwazi ukufikelela kumamilimitha angama-17 ubude. Kuboniswa ngumzimba omncane kakhulu wombala obomvu, kunamaphiko. Habitat - eSiberia.
• Isimilo ngenduku - sitholakala naseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, kepha sihlukile kweBolshoi ngomzimba omncane onciphile, sibonga ngokuziqhenya kwawo ngokuphelele njengenduku.
• Isiziba, isici esinehlukanisi zazo yi-motley paws nokuba khona kwamaphiko.
• UVelia - uhlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, lapho kungabonakala khona okhiye bezithombe. Lokhu ukubukeka okungenantambo ngombala obuthuntu.

Zonke izinhlobo zezimbungulu zalesi sigaba zidla ama-invertebrates amancane, ezinye izinambuzane, ngisho nefry. Uma inyamazane inkulu ngokwanele, khona-ke ingahlaselwa yizimbungulu eziningana ngasikhathi sinye bese imunca imizuzu embalwa.

Isigaxa samanzi

Kusukela entwasahlobo, abantu bazama ukuchitha isikhathi esithe xaxa emvelweni, eduze nemifula namachibi. Umoya ohlanzekile, ukububula kwamanzi, ilanga - konke lokhu kuyithinta kahle impilo, imizwa nenhlala-kahle. Enye into ehlanganisiwe yalesi sikhathi sokudla ithuba lokujwayelana nezilwane ezihlukile. Ikakhulu, kunjalo i-strider yamanzi, okubizwa nangokuthi isiphazamisi samanzi. Ungafunda kabanzi ngalezi zinambuzane nendlela yazo yokuphila kule ncwadi.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isigaxa samanzi siyisinambuzane esihle, esikhanyayo esihlala ngaphezu kwemifula, amachibi, kanye nezixhaphozi. Imvamisa kakhulu ididaniswa nezicabucabu ngenxa yemilenze emincane nemide. Kwesinye isikhathi isiphazamisi samanzi senziwa ngephutha noma ngamaphutha nje. Ama-strider amanzi igama elihlanganisa wonke umndeni wezinambuzane ezinamaphiko. Babelwe kwisikhwama sezimbungulu. NgesiLatini, igama lezilwane ezinjalo lizwakala njengo- "Gerridae".

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Isigaxa samanzi esiyizinambuzane

I-strider yamanzi isinambuzane esidlayo, ubukhulu baso buxhomekeka kuhlobo. Izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zilwane zinosayizi omncane womzimba - ubude bamamilimitha ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, izimbangi zamanzi eziningi zamabhubu zinkulu ngosayizi wesinambuzane. Ezinye izinhlobo zingafinyelela ubude obuyimilimitha eziyishumi nesikhombisa. Umbala womzimba ubuye ezinhlotsheni.Kusuka ku-greenish kuya ku-brown. Ingxenye engezansi yesisu nezidladla zesinambuzane zimbozwe ngamabhulashi alukhuni. Inezindawo eziphehla amanzi. Isisu sivame ukuba nsundu noma mpunga.

Izinambuzane zinekhanda elincane, lapho i-proboscis ne-antennae kugqame kakhulu khona. I-Antennae iyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba we-strider amanzi. Basiza isilwane ukubamba iphunga ehlukahlukene futhi basebenzele ukuthinta. I-proboscis ibamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni. Ngosizo lwayo, i-bug inj injeresi ekhethekile isisulu sayo. Le enzyme ichitha imichilo yezinyamazane.

Ukunakwa kakhulu kwabantu ngokubonakala kwezimbungulu zamanzi kuhlale kukhangwa yi-paws. Babukeka bebabaza okwesabekayo. Ama-strider amanzi anamabili amathathu emilenze, ngalinye linikezwe amandla alo okusebenza. Imilenze emibili yokuqala (emifushane) isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuzingela ukubamba inyamazane, ngababili nabaphakathi bayadingeka ukuze baxhaswe futhi bahambe. Amabhuleki asemilenzeni abamba umoya, okwenza lesi sinambuzane “singacabangeki”. Ezinye izinhlobo zabantu abadala nazo zinamaphiko. Ngosizo lwabo, izitebhisi zamanzi zindizela amabanga ahlukahlukene ukuyofuna ukudla.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ichibi, amachibi amanzi asemfuleni awunazimpiko. Kumane abazidingi. Okukhulu kunakho konke badinga izinhlobo zemisipha yamanzi ehlala ezihlahleni. Ngosizo lwamaphiko, lezi zinambuzane ziyakwazi ukuhamba, ngoba izingwamza zisoma ngokushesha.

Ihlala kuphi i-strider yamanzi?

Isithombe: Imitha yamanzi amachibi

Izikejana zamanzi ziwumndeni omkhulu wezinhlobo ezingaba ngamakhulu ayisikhombisa. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi bemvelo bendawo abahlala kuyo banzi kakhulu. Lezi zinambuzane cishe yonke indawo lapho kukhona izidumbu zamanzi, amachibi ngisho nezindunduma. Ukuhlukahluka kuyizimfunda ezibandayo kuphela ezinobusika obunzima. I-strider yamanzi ihlala ePoland, eSweden, eFinland, eRussia, e-Ukraine, eBelarus, eMelika nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.

I-strider yamanzi ibeka phambili izidingo eziningi zemvelo yayo. Badinga isimo sezulu esishisayo esinobusika obudumele namanzi - ichibi, ichibi noma umfula ngokuhamba kancane. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezinjalo zihlala emiphongolweni. Izikejana zamanzi ezinjalo zinamaphiko, ukuze kuthi lapho kwenzeka isiziba somile siphume, sithuthele kwenye indawo. Imilenze yezimbungulu zamanzi yinde, kepha intofontofo kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumela isilwane ukuthi sihambe ngokushesha hhayi ngamanzi kuphela, kepha nangomhlaba.

Kunezinhlobo zezimbungulu zamanzi ezingaphila emachibini amakhulu kasawoti. Isibonelo, zinjalo izikejana zamanzi olwandle. Bahlukile ezihlotsheni zabo ngobukhulu obuncane. Okunye okudingekayo endaweni yokuhlala yokuhlala ubukhona bezimila eduze komthombo wamanzi. Kuyo, izinambuzane ziyazifihla, zihlala hibernating. Ngezinye izikhathi ubusika emhlabathini osogwini. Imichilo yamanzi ivuka kuphela ngokuqala kokushisa.

Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona lesi sinambuzane. Ake sibheke ukuthi kudlani izimbangi zamanzi.

Ngabe sidlani amanzi?

Isithombe: Isiphazamisi samanzi

Izitha zamanzi zingabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Banombono obukhali, nabathuthukisi bokunyakaza abathuthukisiwe. Ama-torion receptors atholakala ezintabeni nasemaphethelweni, okuvumela izinambuzane ukuba ziphendule ngokushesha kunoma yikuphi ukuguquguquka kwamanzi. Banikeza ukusabela kokuhamba emanzini cishe khona manjalo, ngakho-ke bazitholela ukudla. Lezi izimbungulu ezinamanzi amancane ziyizisulu zangempela. Ukudla kwabo kwansuku zonke kuqukethe inani elikhulu lezinambuzane, izinhlanzi, amabhungane nabanye abamele abancane bezilwane.

Imilenze yangaphambili ibambe iqhaza ekubanjweni kwezinyamazane. Ifakwe izingwegwe ezikhethekile. Izimbungulu zabo zamanzi zisetshenziselwa ukubamba ngokuqinile inyamazane. I-proboscis nayo idlala indima enkulu kwinqubo yokudla okunempilo. Isigaxa sakhe samanzi singena kwisisulu saso ukuze sikhiphe izakhamzimba noma sifake ushevu. I-proboscis yinde, kepha ayiphazamisi ukunyakaza. Ngemuva kokudla, isilwane siguqa ngaphansi kwesifuba.

Izintandokazi zezintambo zamanzi yilezi:

• izimpukane, omiyane amahashi. Lezi zinambuzane ziba izimbungulu kuphela ngokunganaki kwazo.Kwesinye isikhathi indiza isondele kakhulu emanzini noma iwele ngengozi lapho,
• amaqanda ezinambuzane ezincane, inhlanzi caviar. Isigaxa samanzi sithola ukudla okunjalo ogwini lwamanzi,
• i-jellyfish, gazinga lezinhlanzi, i-physalis. Ukudla okunjalo kuhamba phambili ekudleni kwabahlaselwa ngamanzi,
• izinsalela zabamele abangasekho bezinyama. I-strider yamanzi iyisidalwa esiyingqayizivele futhi esiwusizo kakhulu. Abamele lo mndeni badla inqwaba yezinsalela, abahlanze amachibi nogu.

Iqiniso elikhangayo: Ngenxa yokudla, ukushaywa kwamanzi kuvame ukuba nezingxabano ngisho nokulwa phakathi kwabo. Imvamisa izinambuzane zithatha ukudla komunye nomunye ngemikhono emihle.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Bhungane lokulwa namanzi

Izikejana zamanzi igama leqembu lonke lezinambuzane ezincane ezidlulisela ngokuphelele indlela yazo yokuphila. Lezi zilwane zilinganisa ingaphezulu lamanzi ngemilenze yazo emincane nemide. Kungamanzi okuyingxenye ebalulekile yendawo yokuhlala kwezinambuzane ezinjalo. Izimbambo zamanzi zihamba kalula emanzini futhi zingashoni ngenxa yamabhuluki akhethekile esiswini nasemilenzeni. Ntambama, bangahlala amahora amaningi bebhukuda ngaphezulu kwamanzi, bezingela izinambuzane ezincane, ukuthosa, izimpukane ngisho nomiyane.

Ekubambeni inyamazane, izilwane zisebenzisa konke okuzinikezwe yimvelo: umbono obukhali, amathanga alishumi, ukubhoboza okubukhali, i-proboscis ebukhali, ukunyakaza kokuhamba. Ukuba ngumhlali wamachibi nezindawo zokugcina amanzi, izimbungulu zamanzi zihlala zibonakala. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalapha imvelo ibasizile, ibanikeza ngombala onsundu ongabonakali onsundu. Umbala onjalo nomzimba omfushane ubenza bacishe bangabonakali ezitheni.

Izinhlobo eziningi zezimbangi zamanzi zinamaphiko. Kodwa-ke, izinambuzane ezinjengalezi zindiza kakhulu kakhulu. Zimbalwa kuphela izinhlobo zezilwane ezidinga amaphiko ukuze ziphile. Sikhuluma ngalezi zinambuzane ezihlala emiphongolweni emincane. Noma yimuphi umgoqo uyoma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke izimbungulu zombhede kufanele zifune entsha. Zindizela kwesinye isigodi zisebenzisa amaphiko. Isikhathi sonke, amaphiko awasetshenziswa.

Ehlobo, izimbangi zamanzi zichitha iningi losuku emanzini, ebusika - emathangeni noma emhlabathini ominyene. Ebusika, lezi zilwane zifihle ubusika. Ngenkathi efudumele, inani labantu abashaya amanzi emizimbeni yamanzi, ezixhaphozini, emifuleni nasemachibini seliphezulu. Ukuphumula emvelweni, mhlawumbe, wonke umuntu wabona lesi sinambuzane endaweni eseduze. Izimbungulu azihambelani kakhulu emhlabeni - kuphela uma kunesidingo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imilenze yabo ayihambelani kahle ekuhambeni emhlabeni nasenhlabathini.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Isigaxa esikhulu samanzi

Ngemuva kwe-hibernation, ama-strider amanzi alungele inqubo yokuzalanisa. Banale nqubo kwenzeka cishe ngokushesha ngokuqala kokushisa futhi phakathi kwehlobo. Ngalesi sizathu, ngesizini eyodwa ehlobo emachibini ungabona izinambuzane ezifanayo zeminyaka ehluke ngokuphelele. Ngokuzalanisa, owesilisa ukhetha insikazi futhi igibele phezu kwayo ngqo emanzini. Isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi ingazalela amaqanda.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izimbangi zamanzi ziyizinambuzane ezandayo kakhulu. Ngesinye isikhathi, isimbungulu samanzi sowesifazane singabekela amaqanda angafika kumashumi amahlanu. Lokhu kuvumela izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ukuba zigcine inani labo eliphakeme ngokwemvelo naphezu komthelela wezinto eziningi ezingezinhle.

Isiphandla sowesifazane sibekela amaqanda emaqabungeni ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezisemanzini. Ubumbano bunokubukeka okungajwayelekile - luyintambo ende efana ne-jelly. Wabeka ngokucophelela wonke amasende. Izinhlobo ezincane zam stripper zamanzi zibeka amaqanda ngaphandle kwe-mucus. Bazigoqa noma bazinamathe ngamahlamvu ezitshalo.

Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, kuvela izibungu emaqandeni. Akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngenyanga aguquka abe ngabantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, izilwane ezincane zihlala zihlukile kubazali bazo. Izitebhisi zamanzi ezincane zinobukhulu obuncane nesisu esivuvukala kancane. Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zilwane sifushane - unyaka owodwa kuphela. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvimbi umndeni ukuthi ube ngesinye sezinambuzane ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ugcinwe ngokuzinzile abantu bakhona.

Izitha zemvelo zezimbangi zamanzi

Isigaxa samanzi sichitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe emanzini, kuyaqabukela kuvela ezweni. Kungakho zonke izitha zakhona zemvelo zihlala echibini nasemachibini. Kodwa-ke, azikho eziningi zazo. Iningi lezilwane ezinje zidla izinhlanzi namaxoxo athile, amasele esihlahla, ubuhlalu. Ngobuhlakani bazingela izimbungulu zamanzi. Isitha esikhulu kunazo zonke emapheshana amanzi ithokheni yamanzi. Umonakalo omkhulu esilwaneni uletha izibungu zokukhishwa okunje. Ziluma umzimba wesigaxa samanzi futhi siphuza igazi laso.

Iziteleka zamanzi azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi inyamazane elula yezinyamazane. Lezi zidalwa zicocekile ngokwanele, ziyaguga. Bangama-jumpers amahle, bangahamba ngejubane eliphezulu. Izwa ingozi, izimbungulu eziningi zamanzi ziyakwazi ukushiya insimu ngokushesha. Bakhe kahle ama-receptors okunyakaza, ngakho-ke ngisho namanzi amancane kakhulu azowazisa.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Bambalwa abantu abazi ngezinzuzo ezilethwa izimbungulu zamanzi kuhlelo lwendalo. Zivame ukubizwa ngokulandelana kwamachibi, amachibi nemifula. Lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukuhlanza amanzi kwizimbumbulu zamahhashi. Bangabantu “abalawulayo” besibalo salezi zinambuzane.

Umuntu angeke abizwe ngokuba yisitha semvelo semichilo yamanzi. Abantu abazibhubhisi ngokuthe ngqo lezi zinambuzane, ngoba ziletha inzuzo enkulu. Izimbungulu zamanzi, ngaphezu kwezinzuzo, ziphephe ngokuphelele kubantu. Lesi sinambuzane singaluma kuphela esimweni esiyingqayizivele, lapho sisengozini yangempela evela kumuntu.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: Isigaxa samanzi

Izisulu zamanzi zingenye yemindeni yezinambuzane ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Kubandakanya izinhlobo zezilwane ezingaphezu kwamakhulu ayisikhombisa, ngakho-ke inani labantu abakhona alibangeli ukukhathazeka. Izimbungulu zamanzi zinikezwe isimo sokulondolozwa: "Ukukhathazeka Okungajwayelekile". Lesi simo sibonisa ukuthi lo mndeni wesinambuzane awusongelwanga ukuqothulwa maduze nje.

Izici ezahlukahlukene zithinta kakhulu inani eliphezulu labamele abamele amanzi:

• izinzuzo ku-ecosystem nakubantu. Abantu abazami ukuqeda imichilo yamanzi, ngoba bayazi ukuthi kungukuhleleka kwedamu. Lesi silwane sisiza kakhulu ekulawuleni inani lezibunguxu zegazi,
• ukuzala okuphezulu kwemvelo. Ama-strider amanzi azala kaningana ngonyaka. Kwesinye isikhathi, insikazi ibekela amaqanda angamashumi amahlanu, okuvela kuzo izibungu lapho,
• izinga lokusinda eliphezulu. Izimbungulu zamanzi zinesikhathi esifushane sokuphila - unyaka owodwa kuphela. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, abantu abadala abavamile ukufa. Lezi izinambuzane ezicocekile, ezisheshayo nezinyantisayo. Akuvamile ukuba izisulu zezitha zemvelo, cishe aziguli.

Ngaphandle kwesithombe sombala ojwayelekile, ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni ohlangabezana namanzi zifakwe ku-Red Book yezindawo nemizi ethile. Isibonelo, sikhuluma ngemitha yamanzi e-sphagnum. Lesi silwane siyizinhlobo ezingandile.

Ukuvikelwa kwemitha yamanzi

Isithombe: Imitha yamanzi evela kwiBhuku elibomvu

Isigaxa samanzi se-Sphagnum siyinhlobo engandile enendawo yokuhlala yemvelo encane. Izinambuzane ezinjalo zihlala e-Ukraine, eRussia, eSweden, ePoland, eFinland, eBelarus. Izinhlobo zithathwa njengeziqondwa kabi, ezisengozini. Kubhalwe ezincwadini ezibomvu ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia: iChelyabinsk, iVoronezh, iTobolsk, njll. Lesi silwane siphinde sisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu yaseRepublic yaseBelarus.

Kuze kube manje, kuncane okwaziwayo ngemichilo yamanzi e-sphagnum. Lokhu kubukeka kunokubukeka okuhle okungafani nokwedlule kuzo zonke izimbungulu zamanzi. Ekugcineni, izilwane azidluli ngamamilimitha angama-9,7, zinombala onsundu onsundu. Zihluke kwezinye izinhlobo ezinamaqele agqamile wemikhono yazo, lapho umucu omnyama obanzi utholakala ngaphandle. Futhi isici esiyingqayizivele indawo. Lezi zinambuzane zithande ukuhlala futhi zizale ngama-sphagnum bogs. Kwezinye izici, izihlukanisi zamanzi ze-sphagnum azifani nakwezinye izihlobo zazo.

Yini ethinta kabi inani lamamitha wamanzi we-sphagnum? Isici esiyinhloko sokukhawulela ukungcola kwamachibi namachibi.Ama-sphagnum bogs aya ngokuya ancipha, futhi nalezo ezicishe zingalungeli izinambuzane. Izinguquko ezibalulekile zesimo sezulu nesimo somhlaba sendawo yokuhlala yezilwane nalezi zithinta umphakathi. Ngaphandle kwalesi simo, okwamanje azikho izindlela ezikhethekile zokuvikela amamitha wamanzi we-sphagnum.

Emhlabeni wethu, zonke izidalwa zidlala indima. Isigaxa samanzi - hhayi okuhlukile. Lesi isinambuzane esingajwayelekile, kepha sisebenziseka kakhulu. Ingumhlengikazi wezidumbu zamanzi, imifula, ixhaphozi, isusa imvelo yezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Kubantu, ezinye izilwane, izimbungulu zamanzi azithwali ingozi. Abagibeli bamanzi bachitha cishe impilo yabo yonke emanzini.

Setha ukuchelela i-Dewdrop

Le khithi yokunisela ye-Drip ayinayo i-automation. "Iqalisiwe" ngokuguqula i-valve yebhola ku-hose yokunikezela. Uhlelo lweRosinka luqukethe ama-hoses eguquguqukayo athambekele athwala amazinga okushisa aze afike ku-45 ° C, okokufakwa - iziphambano nothayela, ama-plugins ama-miniature dropper. Yilezi ezidonsela phansi ezihlukanisa yena nabafowabo. Lawa ngamadivayisi amancane axhuma ekugcineni kwe-hose. Ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo - zingakwazi ukuhambisa amanzi ngejubane elingu-0 kuye ku-2 amalitha / ihora.

Ikhithi eyisisekelo yenzelwe ukusatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwezimpande ezingama-50, kepha kungenzeka ukuthenga izinto ezingeziwe futhi uqoqe ukucushwa okudingayo.

Umhlangano ulula: indawo efanelekile yakhiwe emgqonyeni (umthamo), i-crane enkulu ene-valve ixhunyiwe kuyo, bese uhlelo luqoqeka kusuka ezingxenyeni zehose nokufakwa kuyo. Kwenzeka kanjani konke, bheka ividiyo. Https: //www.youtube.com/embed/0r2DHOC7iys

Khumbula

“Sekuphele iminyaka eyishumi ngisebenzisa le ndlela kuleli lizwe lami. Isebenza ngokuphelele, kepha lokhu kuyindlela yokukhetha amakhishi engadini kuphela-ehlobo, akunangqondo ukuyibeka kumanani amakhulu. Ingxenye isemi iminyaka eyi-10, ngokuqinisekile ingxenye isishintshile. Engikuthandayo ukuthi ungathenga izakhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Izikhathi ezimbalwa ngikhohliwe ukuzikhipha ku-greenhouse ebusika. Akukho lutho, olusindile. Ekugcineni ngithenga ama-hoses. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindala, sezingcono: izindonga zikhulu futhi ukuqiniswa kukhulu. Ngakho-ke ngiyaqhubeka nokufaka isicelo engadini nasezweni. "

U-Alexey Evgenievich, Yekaterinburg

Amandla okugijima kumaza

Isigaxa samanzi siyisinambuzane, incazelo yaso ehlala ihlala endabeni ephathelene nekhono layo elimangalisayo lokumelana nezinto zamanzi. Manje ukuphatha kanjani ukuthi angacwila? Into ekhona ukuthi ama-paws wesiphoko ambozwe ngento ethile ekhethekile, ekwakhiweni kwayo kufana namafutha. Lokhu kwakha uhlobo lwesithiyo esivimba izitho ukuthi zingangeni emanzini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane zingasabalalisa isisindo ngokufanelekile: umthwalo awelele endaweni eyodwa, kepha udluliselwe ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke amalungu ayisithupha. Ngokuqondene nesivinini esiphezulu sokunyakaza, kutholakala ngemivimbo esheshayo, edonswayo. Yibona abadala iziphithiphithi ngemuva kwe-strider yamanzi abayicindezelayo phambili.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-bug ikwazi ukubhukuda zombili ebusweni obucwathile, naphakathi kwamagagasi. Yile khono elivumela amamitha wamanzi ukuhlala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezidumbu zamanzi, okwandisa kakhulu ukusinda kwawo, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, inani labantu.

Ziwusizo kangakanani izimbungulu zamanzi?

Yize iqiniso lokuthi lezi zinambuzane zingadala ukulimala okukhulu emapulazini ezinhlanzi, ziletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kubantu, yingakho ngesinye isikhathi azonakaliswa nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zigcinwe ngokukhethekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimbungulu:

• bahlanganyele esimisweni senani lezinambuzane ezihluza igazi (izimpungushe zamahhashi, omiyane), zibabhubhise kuzo zonke izigaba zokujikeleza kwempilo,
• imifula ehlanzekile, amachibi namachibi aqhamuka ezinsaleleni zezakhamuzi zawo ashonile,
• yidla izinambuzane ezithile, ikakhulukazi izimpungushe ezintathu-keel, ezibeka engcupheni enkulu enanini lezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo.

Ungasusa kanjani izimbungulu zombhede ekhaya

Izimbungulu ezifuywayo zizalela amaqanda azo ezindaweni ezisithekile zizinqwaba zonke ukusuka ezingxenyeni ezinhlanu kuya kwamashumi amahlanu. Kubukeka njengosanhlamvu welayisi okufika kumamilimitha ubude.Eqanda ngalinye kukhona “cap” elincane elingaqapheleki, elifana nentamo yomganu.

Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-1-2, isibungu esiphundu esingaba ngu-1.5 mm ubukhulu siphuma emaqanda asuka kuso. Amaqanda ama-Bedbug avikelwe igobolondo eliminyene elingamelana nobuthi. (Ama-insecticides asebenza isikhathi eside akuvumela ukuthi ulwe nawo, ngenkathi ugcina usebenza kahle kuze kube yisikhathi lapho abantu abasha beqandusela emaqanda).

Izimbungulu azakhi izidleke, indima yezindawo zokukhosela yenziwa imifantu ngaphansi komatilasi, izikebhe, ngaphansi kwephepha lodonga ne-linoleum endaweni efudumele neyomile futhi emnyama. Izimbungulu zombhede zingacasha ngemuva kwebhethri, phakathi kwezincwadi ngisho nakwimpahla yendlu.

Izimbungulu zasekhaya zithanda ukuhlomisa ikhaya eduze negumbi lokulala labantu, ngoba izibungu ezihlaselwe emzimbeni azikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade ngokushesha. "Ezindlini" izimbungulu zibeka amaqanda, lahla izikhumba ezindala bese ushiya amaconsi.

Ungathola amakoloni amakhulu ezinambuzane ekhaya ngephunga: zombili izibungu nabantu abadala bafaka uketshezi oluthile ukuxosha izitha (mhlawumbe, kwabanye abantu leli phunga lidlala indima yama-pheromones).

Manje amagama ambalwa ngezindawo zezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu. Izimbungulu zombhede njengendawo yokuhlalisa zihlala yonke indawo, ngisho nangapha kwe-Arctic Circle. Isimo sempilo kubo ukusondela komthombo wamandla.

Izimbungulu ezidla inyama noma ezihlaselayo noma eziyizigaxa azakhi izidleke. Izinduna zibizwa ngokuthi yizindawo zokuqongelela kwazo, lapho zizalela khona amaqanda, zicashe bese zichitha isikhathi esithile. Izimbungulu azakhi. Bakhetha izindlela zokufihla ezifanele zokuphila.

Izinhlobo ze-Herbivorous zihlala phakathi kwamahlamvu (amajikijolo, imifino noma okusanhlamvu), kwesinye isikhathi ezitholakala emiseleni yezilwane zasendle noma zicashe ngaphansi kwamagxolo. Lezi zindawo zisebenzela laba bantu njengesidleke. Lapha bazalela amaqanda abo futhi bachitha ingxenye yokuphila kwabo.

Izimbungulu zamanzi (izikebhe ezigoqayo, ama-smoothies nezindiza zamanzi) ziyozingela amachibi. Isikhathi esisele sichithwa ezindaweni ezigqamile, kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala engadini, eduzane kwechibi, noma ngisho nasendlini.

Izimbungulu ezinokudla okuxubile (ama-omnivores) zihola ngendlela efanayo yokuphila.

Ukutholwa kowesifazane kwenzeka ngendlela ebuhlungu. Owesilisa ubhoboza isisu kowesifazane bese efaka uketshezi lwangasese endaweni ekhethekile. Owesifazane wakhe usebenzisa impilo yakhe yonke, ebeka amaqanda ngezikhathi ezithile.

Le ndlela "yokugcina" ye-seminal fluid ivumela izinsikazi ukuba ziphila kunoma yiziphi izimo: lapho kungekho ukudla okwanele, zisebenzisa amaqanda angakafakwa umanyolo ukugcina amandla.

Kepha abesilisa bangaganana namanye amaduna ngisho nezibungu. Ama-nymphs awakwazi ukuzala, kanti abesilisa bayakwazi ukuqongelela uketshezi lwesilisa kusuka kwamanye amaduna emizimbeni yabo futhi baludlulisele kwabesifazane.

Izimbungulu zabesifazane zizalela amaqanda angamashumi amabili nambili ngasikhathi sinye. Amaqanda eza ngesimo sesigaxa noma isilinda. Ekupheleni kweqanda ngalinye kunendlela yokukhipha izibungu.

Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu ziyakwazi ukuzala ngokwazo.

Izimo ezinhle zokuzalela izimbungulu zasekhaya zimi ngalendlela elandelayo:

• lokushisa 22-30 ° C,
• alukho ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa,
• Umthombo wokudla okuhlala njalo eduze koloni,
• kunezindawo lapho ungafihla khona phakathi nosuku kusuka ekukhanyeni bese ubeka amaqanda.

Ngale ndlela, zonke izinhlobo zezinja. Izimbungulu ezihlaselayo nezithambisayo nazo zikhula ngokushesha, kepha inzalo ikhiqiza okuncane ngonyaka ngenxa yokuthi lapho kubanda ziwela opopweni abamisiwe. Zonke izinqubo zokuphila kwesinambuzane ngalesi sikhathi ziyehla.

Ngokungafani nezinambuzane zombhede wasekhaya, i-bug elimazayo linikeza isizukulwane esisodwa ngonyaka. Izinhlobo zezimbungulu ezihlala kuhlobo lwe-tundra ngemodi efanayo: ngesikhathi esifudumele isizukulwane esisodwa kuphela esikwazi ukuzalwa, esiya ebusika ukuze sizalwe ngqo unyaka owodwa emva kokuzalwa kwawo.

Ezinye izimbungulu (ngokwesibonelo, umhlaseli we-Bialystomy) zithuthukise ukunakekela inzalo. Abesilisa abalokothi bawashiye amazinyane abo, balinde ngesineke ukuba bazalwe futhi bahlinzeke ngamaqanda abo ukuthola umoya-mpilo.

Ngendlela yokondla, izimbungulu ziyasanambuzane, izinyamazane ezidla inyama kanye namagciwane.Lesi sakamuva sondla ngegazi lezilwane ezincelisayo. Abantu abazidlayo bahlasela ezinye izinambuzane, badle imikhaza (izinyamazane) kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane. Kukhona izimbungulu zombhede zohlobo lokudla oluxubile.

Zonke izimbungulu zinezinto zokubhoboza umlomo-zokuncela. Njengoba igama lisho, yenzelwe ukubhoboza endaweni efanele futhi ifike ku-proboscis ngokudla.

Sikunikeza ukuthi ujwayelane nokuthi ungaziqeda kanjani izimbungulu ekhaya

Isibonelo, kwizimbungulu zombhede, i-proboscis ineziteshi ezimbili. Ngokusho komunye wabo, le bug injakisa into kwisisulu sayo esinciphisa ukujiya kwegazi nobuhlungu ngesikhathi sokulunywa, futhi esinye isiteshi senzelwe ukuthola igazi lesisulu, okuyisisekelo sokudla kwalezi zinambuzane.

Uma kungekho futhi isisulu esifanelekile (umuntu) oseduze, izimbungulu zombhede ziguqulela kokunye ukudla: igazi lamajuba, amagundane, izilwane ezifuywayo. Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi lezi zinambuzane azivami ukuluma izilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba kunzima kuzo ukudonsa ngezinwele noboya esikhunjeni ngenxa yezakhi zomzimba.

Izimbungulu ezingaphambi kwesikhathi zigaya ukudla ngaphandle komzimba wazo. Ama-proboscis ahlaba isidumbu somuntu ohlukunyeziwe, afaka amajusi wokugaya ukudla lapho. Lapho okufakwa ngaphakathi kwesisulu kugaywa (izinto ziqhekeza zibe lula ukuze zikulungele ukudliwa), isinambuzane sibaphuca nge-proboscis.

Abantu abane-Herbivorous bondla ngendlela efanayo, bamunca izijusi zezitshalo. Akudingeki ukulungiselela kusengaphambili isidlo, ngokushesha amunca ujusi, eshiya punctures on okusanhlamvu, amajikijolo nezithelo eziwile.

Izinambuzane ezindala zidla kanye ezinsukwini ezingama-5 ukuya kwezi-10, izibungu - kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, isidingo soketshezi siyakhuphuka, ngakho-ke zidla kaningi. Esikhathini esingesihle (lapho izinga lokushisa lingavumeli noma ukudla kunganele), izimbungulu azondli, zingena opopayi abasamisiwe.

Ukulwa namagciwane ezithakazelo ezithile ngumbuzo wokuthi zingaki izimbungulu ezingaphila ngaphandle kokudla.

Umagazini ka-2011 wamaphephabhuku we-Insects uveza isihloko esenziwe ngumbhali wezomzimba waseMelika u-Andrea M. Polanko waseVirginia Polytechnic University. Esibonelweni sezindlala zombhede, uhlole ukuthi zingaki izinambuzane ezikwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kokudla.

Okokuqala, izimbungulu zombhede zihlala eduze kwabantu. Ukulwa kwabo kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sigaba. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu azitholakali ezindlini zabantu. Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu abangashadile bezihlangu eziluhlaza bangangena endlini ngokusebenzisa imifantu ngamawindows nasezicabheni.

Kungashiwo okufanayo nangengozi eqhuba izimbungulu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu (uma kunezinambuzane eziningi futhi zikubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu) zingasatshiswa yiDichlorvos noma ushoko "Mashenka".

Manje buyela kuzimbungulu zombhede.

Indlela yokuqala ukuthola "isidleke" sezimbungulu bese uzibhubhisa ngomshini (ukuchoboza, ukuqoqa nge-vacuum cleaner).

Le ndlela isebenza kahle uma kukhona izimbungulu ezimbalwa. Uma unenhlanhla yokuthola wonke amakhona abo ayimfihlo, le ndlela izosiza ukunciphisa kakhulu inani le-parasites. Ngaphandle kokulula konke, le ndlela ayinakusinda ngokuphelele izivakashi ezingamenywanga ezifuyweni, ngoba ziphindaphindeka ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zicashe kahle. Ngakho-ke le ndlela iyisengezo esikhali esikhulu - ama-insecticides (mayelana nawo kamuva).

Indlela yesibili yokulwa nezinambuzane kukuxosha iphunga le-tansy noma umhlonyane.

Le ndlela ingabizwa ngokuthi prophylactic. Amahlumela wensimbi noma umhlonyane, obekwe egumbini lokulala, eduze nendawo yokungena komoya kanye eduze kwemifantu, uzovikela indlu ekuhlaselweni yizinambuzane. Kepha le ndlela ngeke isize ekuqedeni inkinga uma ifulethi selivele likhethwe yizinambuzane: ukucasha isikhashana, bazolinda kuze kube yilapho iphunga linyamalala libuye futhi.

Enye indlela yokulwa namagciwane kungukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngokweqile noma aphezulu. Ngeshwa, amakoloni e-bug aya ngokuya ekamelana nezinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa ngokweqile.

Futhi amandla okwenza hibernate kwenza lezi zinambuzane zilunge kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezinjengokufaka izinsimbi zokugqoka insimbi ngensimbi eshisayo, izingubo ezingashisi namathoyizi athambile kanye nokuqandisa umatilasi kungabhekwa njengezindlela zokuvikela kunokusebenzisa izindlela zangempela zokulawula izinambuzane.

Ingxube yokuqala: i-140 ml kapharafini ixubene ne-130 ml ye-turpentine kanye nama-40 amagremu we-naphthalene.

Ingxube yesibili: 30 ml ye-ammonia, 90 ml ye-benzene, 30 ml ye-turpentine kanye ne-310 ml yotshwala obonisiwe.

Lezi zingxube zetshezi zisetshenziswa ngqo kwizinambuzane (ngokwesibonelo, emaqeleni azo ezidlekeni). Lapho usebenzisa amakhemikhali, qiniseka ukugqoka amagilavu ​​okuvikela futhi umboze ubuso bakho ngemaskhi! Uma uzisebenzisa kufenisha nasezindongeni, lapho izinambuzane zivame ukugijimela khona, ikhambi lizosebenza kabi, ngoba izimbungulu zizovele zigweme izindawo ezinephunga elingathandeki, kepha ngeke ziye ndawo zivela endaweni yazo ejwayelekile futhi elula.

Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokulwa namagciwane ngamakhemikhali.

Lapho wenza ukulawula izinambuzane, izici zokuphila zezimbungulu zelineni kufanele zibhekwe.

Njengoba zizala ngokushesha okukhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele (lezi yizimo ezinikezwe zona ezindlini), ukwelashwa kokubulala izinambuzane kufanele kwenziwe kaninginingi ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4. Ngalesi sikhathi, izibungu ezintsha eziqhamuka emaqanda, ezizothintwa yingxenye entsha yobuthi.

Ngokucutshungulwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo kuma-microcapsule (Thola, i-Xulat C25, iMinap 22, i-Ultra esebenzayo). Zigcina izakhiwo zazo isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ukuphinda kusebenze kuzodingeka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30- 40.

Izibungu namaqanda

Ama-nymphs, ngokwesayensi abizwa ngokuthi izibungu zezimbungulu, ngohlobo lwe-metamorphosis angamalungu ezinambuzane ezinoguquko oluphelele. Ngakho-ke, ziphuma emaqandeni ngesimo samakhophi amancane wezinambuzane zabantu abadala, zine-proboscis, imilenze ne-antennae, kodwa ubukhulu obuncane kakhulu.

Abantu abangazi nge-entomology bangadida kahle ama-nymphs amancane ngezintuthwane ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane nomzimba omude. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kufana kuyancipha.

Ama-larvae akhula ngesivinini esisheshayo, ancibilike njalo ezinsukwini eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa, aphonsa ulwelwesi lwe-chitinous. Uma kutholakala efulethini, lokhu kukhombisa ukutheleleka ngezimbungulu.

Amaqanda ama-Bedbug - amhlophe, amade, angaba ngu-1 mm ngosayizi - abukeka njengokhozo lwerayisi. Iqanda ngalinye lifakwe nge-cap lapho kuphuma khona isinambuzane esisanda kuzalwa. Imvamisa, amaqanda asezidlekeni, kwesinye isikhathi akuvamisile ukuwabona ngokwehlukana.

Ingabe kuyingozi kubantu?

Ingxenye ebalulekile yalezi zinambuzane iyingozi. Izimbungulu ze-Herbivorous zilimaza okusanhlamvu (kwentwasahlobo nobusika), zidla ngokubethelwa (iklabishi, isaladi, lwesinaphi nodlwenguliwe), zilimaza izihlahla zezithelo.

Abantu abadala kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane ezincibilikayo zincela amajusi emaqabungeni, ngenxa yalokho zikhanya bese ziwe. Kancane kancane, kusuka "ekuhlaselweni" okunjalo isitshalo sonke singafa noma siyeke ukuthela izithelo.

Izimbungulu ezihlaselayo zihlala endle futhi zibhubhisa ikakhulukazi ezinye izinambuzane: izimpukane, imidlwane nezinye. Ngakho-ke bayazuza ngokulawula amanani ezinye izinambuzane.

Ngenxa yokuthi izimbungulu ziphuza igazi labantu nezilwane ezincane (amagundane, izinyoni namalulwane), zingadlulisela amagciwane ezifo eziningana lapho zilunywa, kufaka phakathi isifo sohlobo lwethishu, isifo sikashukela, i-tularemia ne-hepatitis B.

Ukulunywa kwalezi bugs cishe akunazinhlungu, kepha kubangela ukulunywa, ukudumba futhi kungabangela ukusabela okukhulu komzimba.

Okuyingozi kunazo zonke i-bug kiss ehlala eCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Endle, lezi zinambuzane zihlala nase-Asia, e-Afrika nase-Australia. Lezi zimbungulu ziyingozi ikakhulukazi eMelika, ngoba kwamanye amazwekazi zihlala kude nezindawo ezihlala abantu.

Indlela enkulu yokulawula izimbungulu ezilimaza umuntu ukuvikela ukulunywa (ngokwesibonelo, izimbungulu) nezindlela zamakhemikhali zokulawula (ama-insecticides avela ezilwaneni zezolimo nezingadi).

Ezimweni eziningi, izimbungulu zomuntu azithwali ingozi. Kuqoshwa amacala angawodwa lapho izinambuzane ziluma abantu.Njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka lapho umuntu egeza futhi elume buthakathaka ngokwemvelo, okubangela ukungaphenduki komzimba futhi kungadingi ukwelashwa okuyisipesheli noma ukucubungula okulandelayo.

Izinambuzane zingadala ukulimala okuncane kokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ngokudla gazinga kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibunjiweyo noma ngokulimaza ama-clutch amaqanda. Kodwa-ke, ukuze lokhu kubonakale emnothweni, kufanele kube nenani elikhulu labazingeli.

Imitha yamanzi e-Bedbug iyisici esisemqoka entanjeni yokudla yemvelo. Banganciphisa isibalo sezimpukane zamahhashi, eziyizinambuzane eziphuza igazi. Izimbungulu zibahlasela ngamaqembu.

Abazingeli bemvelo

Amapharele, ama-terns kanye nenhlanzi ethile yasolwandle ebamba imichilo yamanzi. Izinhlanzi akusona isidlo esikhulu, kodwa zidle lapho zilambile. Ukukhuphuka kwesisu kusuka esifubeni kuxosha izinhlanzi.

Izinyoni ezahlukahlukene, amaxoxo ziyabaphanga, kepha izigaxa zamanzi aziwona umthombo wazo oyinhloko wokudla. Ukugwema izilwane ezidla ezinye, izinambuzane zindizela echibini eliseduzane noma zingena emanzini. Ukuvimbela ukubikezela kusiza enqubweni yezinhlelo zokuhlala, ukusabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane endaweni enkulu yomhlaba.

I-polymorphism enamaphiko

I-polymorphism ye-Wing ibalulekile ekuhlukeni nasekusatshalalisweni. Amandla we-brood eyodwa ukuba namancanyana ngamaphiko kuyakuvumela ukuvumelana nezimo eziguqukayo. Amaphiko amade, aphakathi, amafushane, angekho kuya ngesimo semvelo, inkathi.

Amade akakuvumela ukuba undize emzimbeni wamanzi oseduze, kepha ungamanzi. Okufushane kukuvumela ukuthi uhambe amabanga amafushane. Ukungabikho kwamaphiko kuvimbela izinsimbi, kepha kuvimbela ukusakazeka.

Izintambo ziyadingeka uma isisindo samanzi sokomisa ukundizela emthonjeni omusha. Izilwane zasebusika zivame ukuba namaphiko, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuqothuka, zibuyela endaweni yasemanzini. Umshini oshintshayo usiza ekuboneni ukuthi kuzokhula izimbali ezinamaphiko.

Ukuzalela

Owesilisa, esezwile ukuthi kukhona owesifazana endaweni ethile eseduze, ushaya unyawo lwakhe emanzini, emthumelela uphawu lothando. Uma intokazi ithatha “ukuthandana” kwale ndoda, nayo iyamphendula bese idlulela kowesilisa. Kwesinye isikhathi iduna liqala nokuhamba liye kowesifazane. Ukuya ocansini kuyenziwa namanzi.

IGerridae ibeka amaqanda emaqabungeni ezitshalo ezihlala emanzini. Kwi-clutch eyodwa ekwazi ukubeka amaqanda angafika kwangama-50, atholakala emgqeni owodwa futhi akha intambo efana ne-jelly-like. Amaqanda anamathela eqabunga futhi abambe kuze kube usuku kuze kuvele izibungu ezivela kuzo.

Ama-dads-water strider ahilelekile enqubweni yokuzala kuze kufike inzalo.

Bazigada ngentshiseko izindawo zabo, lapho abesifazane babo benziwa khona. Babona isitha, basongela ngokushaya amanzi ngezidladla zabo, bakwenza kucace ukuthi abahlosile ukubekezelela lesihambi endaweni yabo. Emavikini amabili kamuva, kuvela izibungu emaqandeni, ezihamba kuzo zonke izigaba zokuvuthwa phakathi nenyanga bese ziphenduka zaba badala.

Kule vidiyo, ungathola amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ngamamitha wamanzi:

Ungasihlukanisa kanjani isiphazamisi kwamanye ama-synanthropes?

Eqinisweni, i-bug icishe ifane nezinye izinambuzane, ngokubhekisisa kahle kunzima ukuzidida. Futhi, noma kunjalo, ulwazi ngomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezimbungulu lungaba wusizo. Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko ezahlukanisa i-bug kwezinye izinambuzane ze-synanthropic.

• Uma umzimba wesinambuzane ungehlukanisiwe ngezigaba (imicu emide), lokhu akusona isibungu.
• Uma i-arthropod inamaphiko, lokhu futhi akuyona iphutha.
• Isinambuzane esincane esigxumayo yisidalwa, izimbungulu zingakwazi ukukhasa kuphela.
• Uma kukhona ukubumbana endaweni yesisu, kuyintuthwane noma ispp.
• Uma lesi sinambuzane sinomzimba osicaba, obanzi, ngaphandle kwezinqubo zangemuva, siyimbungu elambile, uma umzimba uyindilinga, uyigciwane eligcwalisiwe.
• Ungahlukanisa bug kusuka umkhaza ngenombolo yemilenze, bug has 6, kanti umkhaza has 8.
• Kwesinye isikhathi isiphazamisi singadidaniswa nesibungu seqhude. Isici esihlukile salokhu okugcina izinqubo ezimbili (umsila) ngemuva kwesisu, i-bug ayinayo.

Sikumema ukuba ufunde izibonakaliso ezidumile ukuthi kungani izimbungulu zivela efulethini

Hlangana nalezi bugs

Izimbungulu zombhede - ukuthungwa okukhulu kakhulu kwezinambuzane, okubandakanya imindeni eminingana. Bahlala yonke indawo. Ezinye izimbungulu azinangozi ngokuphelele kubantu futhi ziwusizo, kuyilapho ezinye ziba ngcono ukuhlala lapho.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu kwehluka, zonke izimbungulu zihlukanisa izici zezimpawu: ukubukeka, ukuziphatha, iphunga nombala.

Izimbungulu zombhede zingezokuhleleka kwezimpiko eziqinile. Ingxenye ephezulu yephiko ithambile, inemithambo, amaphiko asemuva aqhakazile. Iningi lamaphiko limbozwe “ngegobolondo” eliqinile le-chitin.

Phakathi kwezimbungulu kukhona abantu abanamaphiko amafushane namade, futhi abantu bohlobo olufanayo bangahluka komunye nomunye ngosayizi wamaphiko abo. Imvamisa, amaphiko agoqwa ngemuva ukuze kube nzima ukuwaqaphela.

Ezimbungwini ezidla ukudla kwezitshalo, imilenze iqine kakhulu futhi ithuthuke kahle. Lesi sici siyabasiza ukuba bahambe ngokushesha futhi, uma kunesidingo, babalekele izitha.

Embhedeni, imilenze isayizi ngesizotha futhi ayithuthukiswa kangako, ngakho-ke igijima kancane kakhulu. Kwizimbungulu zombhede, izitho zomzimba zithuthukiswe kabi futhi zigijima kancane.

Iningi lezimbungulu zinezimpondo. Imishini yabo yokusebenzisa imilomo iyindlela yohlaba ukubhoboza. Abantu abaningi banomqondo okhule kahle wephunga (ikakhulukazi embhedeni).

Amasayizi wezimbungulu ahluka kusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa kuya kwamasentimitha ayishumi. Umzimba wezinambuzane uyisicaba, uyindilinga ngesimo. Kwesinye isikhathi izimbungulu ziba ngeyindilinga futhi zibunjiwe ngentonga.

Izimbungulu ezinomdlandla zinombala ogqamile. Isilinganiselo sazo sipendwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene kusuka kokuluhlaza kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbungulu zinombala obomvu, owolintshi futhi ezinemibala ehlukahlukene. Lezi zimbungulu zamasosha eziqhakazile zidla ngojusi bezitshalo futhi ngezinye izikhathi azideleli izinambuzane ezincane.

Ama-bugs-parasites afaka uketshezi ngokusetshenziselwa i-cuminic acid enephunga elibi. Leli phunga alimnandi kubantu nasezilwaneni, ngakho-ke lisebenza ukwesabisa izitha (kanye nokuheha abobulili obuhlukile).

Uhlelo Lokunisela Ingadi yeGardena

Lokhu uhlelo lokufaka izinto olunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-droppers, namadivayisi okunisela. Kukhona amadivayisi wokunisela ngokudonsa, kukhona okokufafaza kwamadivayisi nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. I-Gardena drip irrigation ikhiqizwa eJalimane.

Lawa madivaysi asebenza kusuka ohlelweni lokunikezela ngamanzi (kufaka phakathi isiteshi sokupompa) futhi anezihlungi zawo ezokwehlisa futhi ziqinise ingcindezi ohlelweni. Idivaysi yokuqiniswa kwengcindezi ibizwa nge- "Master block", zenzelwe ukugeleza okungu-1000 l / h noma ngo-2000 l / h. I-hose yokusabalalisa ixhunywe kubo, lapho amadivaysi ahlukahlukene wokuhambisa amanzi ezitshalweni abese efakwa.

Izithako ezihlukile zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingcezu ze-hose, lapho kufakwa khona i-hose. Ihlanganiswe nentwasahlobo ekhethekile, iqinisekisa ukuqina. Uma kunesidingo, ukuxhumana kuyanqanyulwa ngokucindezela i-lever ekhethekile, i-hose ikhishwa ku-clamp futhi isuswe.

Ngokunisela okwenziwa Drip, kukhona ama-dropper alezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• ngesilinganiso sokugeleza esimisiwe se-2 no-4 l / h,
• Ukuzilungisa ku-2 l / h, ukuvumela ukunikeza inani elifanayo lamanzi kulo lonke ulayini wokunisela,
• okungaphakathi - kufakwe phakathi kwegebe le-hose ngesilinganiso sokugeleza esimisiwe,
• ngokugeleza okuguquguqukayo kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-20 l / h - ukuphela nesangaphakathi

Ukuthola imininingwane engaphezulu ngohlelo lwe-Garden drip ne-irrigation system, bheka ividiyo. Https: //www.youtube.com/embed/ys5TE1_IeZw

Ukuvikelwa Kwezilwane

Enye yezinhlobo zezimbungulu zamanzi ezihlala eRussia naseBelarus kuyaqabukela kangangokuba zivikelwe ezingeni lomthetho, okungukuthi, zibhalwe ezincwadini ezibomvu zezincwadi ezimbili. Lezi yizicucu zamanzi ze-sphagnum. Banendawo encane yokuhlala.

Ososayensi bazi okuncane kakhulu ngamamitha wamanzi we-sphagnum. Ukubukeka kwazo kuyafana nokwamanye ama-bugs amanzi. Ubude abudluli ku-9.7 ml. Umzimba umnyama nge-tint nsundu.Ngokungafani nabanye abamele izinhlobo zethanga, amabala abo angaphambili aqine, futhi nangaphandle kukhona umucu omnyama obanzi. Izinambuzane zihlala ezinhlafunweni ze-sphagnum. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinambuzane azihlukile kwezihlobo zazo.

Isizathu esikhulu sokuqothuka kwezinhlobo kungukungcola kwezindawo ezihlala kuzo. Izimbambo ezihlangabezana nezidingo zamachilo amanzi ziba zincane. Izinguquko ezibalulekile zesimo sezulu kanye nezici zomhlaba wendawo ezihlala endle zithinta kabi inani lezilwane. Kodwa noma kunjalo azikho izinyathelo ezikhethekile ezithathiwe zokulondolozwa imichilo yamanzi e-sphagnum.

Zonke izidalwa eziphila emhlabeni wethu zibalulekile kubo bonke abahlala kuwo. Ngisho nezinyathelo zamanzi amancane azifani nalomthetho. Izinambuzane ezingejwayelekile zigcina impilo yesimo semvelo semithombo ehlukahlukene yokugcina amanzi, yonga amanzi ezinambuzaneni nasezinsaleleni zezilwane. Izakhamizi ezihlukile ezingaphezulu kwamanzi zingabi yingozi ebantwini nasezilwaneni.