Umhlambi wezithelo zenyathi endaweni eyi-Belovezhskaya Pushcha: kukhona abesifazane, abesilisa nezilwane ezincane. Phambi komhlambi inkunzi inamandla. Ukuvela kwalesi siqhwaga esinamandla kwenza umbono ongathandeki, ushaya usuka esikhathini sakudala, inkathi yokuqothuka kwesikhathi esedlule. Lo omele iqembu le-artiodactyl ungumuntu wesimanje manje. Umzimba onemisipha onamaqhubu ukhuphuka lapho ubuna, uqweqwe, umdaka omnyama, onesihlungu esibomvu se-mane nesilevu enozinwele ezinde. Ubukhulu obukhulu besilo, ikhanda lawo elikhulu esifubeni esinamehlo ansundu, nezimpondo ezinkulu lapho abesilisa nabesifazane behlome ngazo, zinikeza isivikelo esithembekile kwabazingeli. Unjalo inyathi - inkosi yangempela yamahlathi.
Inyathi
Lapho uqala ukubona, ibhungane libukeka lilula, futhi kunzima nje ukukholelwa ukuthi liyakwazi ukugxuma phezu kwethango elingaphezu kwamamitha amabili ukuphakama. Unqoba izithiyo zamanzi ngokubhukuda.
Inyathi yizilwane zomhlambi. Ebusika, bakha imihlambi yamakhanda ambalwa. Entwasahlobo, lezi zinkomo ziwela emaqenjini ahlukile. Emhlanjini we-bison, ukuzithoba okuqinile nokuhleleka kuyabonakala. Ezinamandla zingezokuqala ukuphuza amanzi ezindaweni zokuphuza, ezokuqala ukukhetha izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokudla amadlelo nokuphumula. Uma kukhona izinhlungu zamandla alinganayo emhlanjini, kuvela iziphikisi ezinobudlova kodwa ezimfushane phakathi kwazo. Izilwane ezithukuthele zigobisa amakhanda azo ndawonye, i-snore, sniff. Umlaleli uphoqeleka ukuba ashiye umhlambi.
Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ukuzala kwenzeka. Izinsikazi ziyazala, njengomthetho, kuthwele elilodwa elinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-20-25. Umama uvikela inyathi hhayi kuphela ezitheni, kodwa futhi nakwezinye izinyo. Inyosi ikhula kancane. Iminyaka yabo yokuphila iyiminyaka engama-30- 40 noma ngaphezulu.
Ehlobo, inyathi idla otshanini kanye namaqabunga. Ebusika, badla umcamelo, izimbotshana, i-alder kanye nezinye izinto ezigxolo, kanye namahlumela nezihlahla zezihlahla nezihlahla. Imvamisa kudla ekuseni nasekuseni. Amabhungane anomqondo okhule kahle wephunga nokuzwa, kepha umbono wawo mubi.
Ukuphela kwesitha se-bison impisi, ikakhulukazi ebusika, eneqhwa elijulile. Izisulu zakhona ikakhulukazi zinsikazi futhi zincane. Lapho ehlasela iphakethe lezimpisi, i-bison ihlela ukuzivikela okuyindilinga, ihambisa izilwane ezibuthakathaka nezisencane ngaphakathi kwendilinga.
Kungekudala kakhulu, imihlambi eminingi yezinyathi yazulazula emahlathini ethu, nasehlathini laseYurophu. Bahlala emahlathini aqothulayo anqabile, amahlathi asemaqeleni kanye ne-steppe. Amakhosi namakhosi, izikhulu nabafanyana bahlela ukuzingela izinyathi, imikhosi enomsindo okwabulawa kuyo inqwaba yezilwane. Ngokusho kwababikezeli bezindaba, kulabo ababambe iqhaza engqungqutheleni yezikhulu ngo-1431, eyenzeka eVolyn, amathikithi ayi-100 athosiwe ayiswa emikhosini masonto onke. Futhi ngo-1752, ngokombono wenkosi yasePoland u-Augustus III, inyathi engu-42 kanye nama-moose ayi-13 zabulawa ehlathini laseBialowieza ekuzingeleni. Ekwindla ka-1860, endaweni ebaluleke kakhulu eTsar Alexander II, kwahlelwa ukuzingela ehlathini elifanayo, lapho kwashona khona izilwane ezingama-96, kubandakanya nenyathi engama-28. Ukuzingela okunjalo kwahlelwa njalo ngonyaka.
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, ukuzingela okungachemile kwakucindezela amakhosi asehlathini, futhi imihlambi yazo ishibilika ngokushesha. Ngo-1755, inyathi yokugcina emazweni aseBaltic yabulawa, ngo-1762 - eRomania, kwathi ngo-1793 - eJalimane. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lethu leminyaka, amabhungane ngamanani akhawulelwe kakhulu agcinwa ezindaweni ezinezintaba namaxhaphozi (eNyakatho neCaucasus naseLuzvezhskaya Pushcha). Kepha lapha abakwazanga ukuphunyula. Inyosi yokugcina kaLovevezhskaya Pushcha yabulawa ngoFebhuwari 9, 1921 ngumbhali wangaphambili uBaltrameus Shpakevich. Futhi manje inyathi njengenhlobo iyekile ukuba khona ezimweni zemvelo.
Ngenhlanhla, inqwaba yenyathi ebunjiwe yayisekhona ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane emhlabeni. Ngo-1923, kwi-International Congress eParis, isazi sezilwane sasePoland uJan Stoltzman sahlongoza, njengoba singakaqedi ngokuphelele, ukwakha i-International Society for the Salvation of Bison. Ngokushesha kwashicilelwa i-International Bison Stud Book. Emazweni angu-15 omhlaba bekukhona ama-bison angama-56 kuphela - into eyinhloko yokuzalaniswa. Kancane kancane, unyaka nonyaka, ngenxa yomsebenzi ohlelwe kahle nemizamo emikhulu yezazi zezilwane emazweni amaningi, inani le-bison laqala ukwanda.
Manje inyathi ihlala emapaki ethu e-bison nasezindaweni ezigcinwe emahlathini - eCaucasus, eLuzvezhskaya Pushcha, eCentral Bison Nursery eduze naseSergukhov, eKhopersky Reserve, eCarpathians, eMordovia Reserve, eBaltic nakwezinye izindawo zezwe lethu.
Ukuze kusindiswe nokuchuma kweenyathi ezweni lethu, kufanele sibonge isazi sezilwane saseSoviet, uchwepheshe ocwaningweni lwenyathi uMikhail Alexandrovich Zablotsky. Ekuqaleni kuka-1976, kwakukhona amakhisikhin acishe abe ngu-1,500 emhlabeni wonke, kuwo angama-567 ayese-USSR.
Inyathi ingumnikazi weLogvezhskaya Pushcha
Sonke sazi izilwane ezinkulu ezinjenge-buffalo, inyathi, i-gaurom. Kepha esijwayelekile kakhulu kithi, yi-bison. Kungokuhleleka kwama-artiodactyls, umndeni wama-bovid. Inyathi yinkunzi efanayo eyaziwayo, ehluke kancanyana ngesifuba esinamandla nangokushelela okuncane. Inyathi inekhanda elikhulu kunalokho, egqoke umqhele ngezimpondo ezimbalwa ezigogekile nezimfishane.
Inyosi (Bison bonasus)
Inyathi inemilenze emide futhi eqinile, izinwele zezinwele zifushane, kuphela entanyeni zikhulu futhi zigobile. Uhlobo lwenyathi eyaziwayo yakhala layo, elimnyama eligcwele, elinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umehluko phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane ngosayizi. Owesifazane “uthambile” - aze afike ku-700 kg, kepha insikazi - inhlamvu ikhula ibe ngu-850 kg. Kukholelwa ukuthi okhokho benyathi banamuhla bangaba nesisindo sethani elilodwa! Umbala wawo wejazi ucishe ufane, onsundu onsundu aphenduke umbala okhanyayo emqheleni.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nenyathi, inyathi ibukeka inciphile futhi imude, ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela 2 m, kanti ukuphakama kwe-oblium kungamamitha ayi-1,6, kanti ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela kumamitha amathathu
Namuhla, inyathi ingatholakala ePoland, eWestern Ukraine, eRussia, kanye naseHungary naseMoldova. Futhi kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi lezi zilwane ezinamandla futhi ezinamandla zazake zacishe zanyamalala njengohlobo. Ngenxa yokuzingela kwabo emuva ngeNkathi Ephakathi, inani lezinyathi labhujiswa, futhi kuphela ngenxa yokuzalelwa ekudingisweni nge-acclimatization eyalandela, labuyiselwa endle ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.
Umhlambi we-bison ehlathini ekwindla.
Inyathi iyisilwane sezinkomo, amaqembu abo angabalelwa ku-20 ezikhethekile, ezingavamile kakhulu, ukuhlangana neminye imindeni eminingana, kuhlangene emhlambini kufinyelela izinhloso ezingama-50. Indawo abahlala kuyo ingamahlathi axubene izithulu, lapho bephila khona lapho, bese beshiya amakhaya abo, uma kuphela indlala.
Inyosi embozwe yiqhwa. Lezi zilwane zibekezelela ukubanda kahle, ebusika zimbi kakhulu kunomhlengikazi
Umndeni ngamunye wezinkukhu unekhanda, ungumholi, okumangazayo kakhulu - lo ngowesifazane onolwazi kakhulu futhi omdala. Isici esimangazayo salezi zilwane ukungabinangqondo kwabo, empeleni abaniki zwi, futhi ingozi enkulu kakhulu ingabenza banciphe. Futhi ngaphandle kobukhulu bazo, zihamba kahle nangokuthula. Noma ungaqhubeka nokubaleka, hlala uvulelekile.
Lalela izwi le-bison
Bangama-jumpers amahle. Ibalekela ukuxoshwa, ingagxuma i-moat noma ifike kumamitha amabili! Banesikhundla esicacile eminyakazweni yabo, abancane bahlala belandelwa yinhloko, ingemuva limbozwa abesilisa abancane nabanamandla. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele, amabhungane anokuthula impela, futhi cishe awakaze ahlasele abantu. Naphezu komqondo wazo omuhle wokuhogela nokuzwa, awaboni ngamehlo.
Inyathi ikakhulukazi ithanda amagatsha e-linden, u-willow, umlotha, uphondo, i-oki, i-raspberry ne-blueberry.
Esikhungweni esizolile, inyathi zidla ngokuthula, ngesikhathi sokuphumula kuthungatha ukuhlafuna usinama.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zilwane kuyizo zonke izinhlobo zezimila, futhi imenyu ingaphezu kwama-400 amagama azo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo. Umuthi owuthandayo yi-acorn. Ebusika, bamba iqhwa ngekhala labo, bakhipha utshani, i-lichen noma amajikijolo. Musa ukudelela amakhowe nezinaliti. Ngosuku olulodwa, isilwane esidala salolu hlobo sidla ngokwesilinganiso ama-50 kg wezimila, njengamanzi. Ehlobo, lapho kushisa, baya kabili endaweni yokuphuza, ebusika badlula iqhwa.
Impi yomshado yenyathi
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-bison senzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ukuwa kokuqala. Abesilisa baheha abesifazane ngephunga elithile eliqinile lomsipha, bahlele ukulwa phakathi kwabo ukuze banake izintokazi. Kwesinye isikhathi lapho kulwa khona lokhu kungenza omunye nomunye alimale kakhulu. Yonke inqubo yokuzwelana ihambisana nokuqhamuka, nokushaya kwezihlahla. Ekupheleni "komshado", kukhulelwa, okuthatha izinyanga eziyi-9. Ingane esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingama-23 kg. Futhi ngesikhathi sokuzalwa isivele inombala wokusa, futhi udinga kuphela ihora nesigamu ukuqala ukulandela umama wakhe. Inyathi lensikazi inobisi olunothile kakhulu, lapho izokondla khona ingane okungenani, kuze kube unyaka. Noma isidlo sakhe sokuqala, angaqala ukuzama ukugcwalisa inyanga eyi-1. Uzoba yibhungane elivuthiwe elikhulile ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu yokuphila, futhi uzohlala iminyaka emibili yokuphila kwakhe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nonina. Isikhathi sokuphila kule bison yiminyaka engama-20-25. Ekudingisweni, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, leli nani lenyuka laya eminyakeni engama-35.
Inyathi idla ubisi
Isitha esiyingozi kakhulu se-bison bekulokhu kunjalo futhi kuhlala - umuntu. Njengoba inyathi endala ingenazo neze izitha endle, kungukuphela kwephakethe lezimpisi kuphela. Lokho ngezingane kungaba usongo kanye ne-lynx, namabhere, kanye nengwe. Ukusuka ekucabangeni kwesikhathi, yizilwane kuphela eziye zazingela lezi zilwane, futhi hhayi ngoba zenyama; esilwaneni esidala, ezinzima ngokunambitha okuthile. Futhi ngenxa yosayizi. Ezikhathini zangaphambi kokuthathwa kwenhliziyo, inyathi eyodwa endala yayihlinzeka lonke uhlobo lokudla. Ngokungafani nomuntu omdala, ibhungane elincane linenyama ebabayo nethenda. Kuyaziwa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zenyathi yaseYurophu naseCaucasian zabhujiswa ngokuqondile ngabazingeli.
Inyathi ifunda ukukhothama, kepha inyathi endala idlala kanye naye. Ngenxa yalomdlalo, waze wangena egodini ukuze abe sezingeni elifanayo ne-cram
Kwakuyimpumelelo enkulu ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa ngokuphelele kwalolu hlobo, izinhloso ezingama-66 zahlala ekudingisweni. Ngemizamo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Yokuvikelwa Kwezilwane, uhlelo lokuzala amabhungane seluqalile. Kuqala kwaqhubeka ngo-zoos, kwabe sekukhishwa izilwane zokuqala zingena endaweni yehlathi elibekiwe iBialowieza. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukuhanjiswa emazweni aseYurophu. Namuhla emhlabeni jikelele izilwane ezingama-3000 zihlala, kanti ziyizi-1700 kuphela endle. Akekho osakwazile ukukhipha inyathi, kanti inzalo ewela imfuyo iyinyumba. Kepha zidalwa ngenxa yokungazithobi kwayo kanye nenani elikhulu lenyama enothe ngamaprotheni. Ukuzalelwa kwenyathi enqamulelayo inegama - inyathi.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Inyathi ingummeleli wokugcina wenkunzi yasendle endaweni yaseYurophu. Ngokuhambisana nedatha yomlando, izilwane zivela kokhokho babo basendulo - inyathi. Zifanekisela umndeni wama-bovine bovid futhi angawezilwane ezincelisayo ezingabuni ezingamakhambi.
Imininingwane yomlando ikhombisa ukuthi ngesikhathi seqhwa, inyathi yayivele ikhona futhi eyayiyinto yokuzingela abantu bangaleso sikhathi. Lawa maqiniso aqinisekisa imidwebo yomhume yalesosikhathi eyatholwa abavubukuli. Futhi, ukusho kwalesi silo esimangalisayo kutholakala ezincwadini zasendulo zabaseGibhithe nabaseRoma. Kuyaziwa nakanjani ukuthi eRoma yasendulo, izingathi zazibamba iqhaza ezimpini zempi.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Inyathi yezilwane
Ukubonakala kwesilwane kugadla ngobukhulu namandla aso. Ubude bomzimba bomuntu omdala buba ngamamitha amathathu. Ukuphakama kwesilwane lapho kubuna cishe ngamamitha ama-2, ukujikeleza kwentamo endaweni ebonakalayo kakhulu ngamamitha ayi-2,5,3. Ingaphambili lomzimba linamandla amakhulu futhi likhulu. Intamo imfushane, inkulu. Ngokubambisana nengaphambili lomhlane, intamo yakha i-volpous volumous, enkulu. Amabhinti ahlukaniswa yisifuba esibanzi nesifunda esiqoqiwe, esiqinisiwe sesisu.
Inhloko enezinselo ezithukile isethwe iphansi. Kungakho kubukeka sengathi umsila ubekwe ngaphezu kwekhanda. Ngaphandle, ubuso bison buncane maqondana nomzimba. Ingxenye enkulu yangaphambili iyaphawulwa. Ingxenye yephariyali inezimpondo eziqinile ngokwanele, ezinkulu. Imikhawulo yezimpondo imvamisa idilizwa phansi noma ikhombe. Izimpondo zibushelelezi, zicwebezela, zimnyama. Izindlebe zincanyana, ziyindilinga, zimbozwe izinwele ezinde. Ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo, akubonakali. Kuyinto ephawulekile ukuthi izilwane azihlukaniswa yi-visual acuity, kepha zinephunga elihle kakhulu nokuzwa.
Ividiyo: Inyathi
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izinwele zesilwane zingaba ngemibala ehlukene ngokuya ngezinsiza kanye nendawo yezindawo zokuhlala. Inyathi yeBialowieza ine-hue brown brown ne-tint e-brown-brown. Izinwele ekhanda zibamnyama ngokwangempela, onsundu omnyama, ocishe abe nentshebe emnyama. Ebusika, iba mnyama futhi ibe mnyama.
Izici zokubonisa abamele bale nhlobo:
- Imihlathi inamazinyo angama-32,
- Umgodi womlomo, kufaka phakathi izindebe nolimi, umbala we-lilac oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka,
- Ulimi luxhumeke ngopapillae omkhulu impela,
- Imfushane, intamo enkulu,
- Amehlo amakhulu, ayindilinga amnyama
- Imilenze emincane, eqinile, nenothile enamasheya amakhulu,
- Ubude bomsila kusuka kumasentimitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-85,
- Umsila uphela ngebhulashi le-fluffy
- Endaweni yesifuba esingaphandle nendawo ephansi yomhlathi wesilevu,
- Izinwele ezimnyama, ezigogekile zimboza ikhanda nesifuba,
- Ukuba khona kwe-hump,
- Izimpondo ezimile
- Isisindo somuntu oyedwa omdala sifinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-800- 900,
- Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obukhulu, i-bison ingagxuma izithiyo mayelana ne-1.5-2 metres ukuphakama esikhundleni ngokushesha.
Ngakho-ke sithole ukuthi inyathi ibukeka kanjani nokuthi inesisindo esingakanani. Manje thola ukuthi ihlala kuphi inyathi.
Ihlala kuphi inyathi?
Photo: Bison Reserve
Inyathi izihlobo zezinkunzi zasendle. Kuze kube isikhathi sokuqothulwa kweziningi, batshala insimu enkulu. Bahlala ngamanani amakhulu eCaucasus, entshonalanga, mpumalanga nasenkabeni yeYurophu, i-Iran, kanye naseScandinavia. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi zazingatholakali endaweni yehlathi kuphela, kodwa futhi nasezindaweni ezivulekile - ama-steppes, izigodi. Ngenkathi beqothula, abamele lezi zinhlobo baya ezindaweni eziqhubeka zisithulu nezikude.
Namuhla, izindawo ezinjengezinyathi zingama-steppes amahlathi, amahlathi akhiwe eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Kuze kube manje, indawo esemqoka yezindawo abahlala kuzo yindawo ye-Belovezhskaya Pushcha.
Sithole ukuthi ihlala kuphi inyathi, manje ake sibheke ukuthi idlani.
Ngabe idliwa yikati?
Photo: Bison kusuka Encwadini Ebomvu
Inyathi - isilwane se-herbivore. Isisekelo sokudla kwama-ungulates izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimila. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi cishe izinhlobo ezingamakhulu amane zezimila zingaba ngumthombo wokudla kulo mmeleli wabantu abangatheni. Inyosi idla amagxolo ezihlahla, amaqabunga, amahlumela amasha ezihlahlana, ama-lichens.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukudla kulungiswa yindawo yokuhlala, kanye nesimo sezulu nesikhathi sonyaka. Ehlobo, izilwane zidla amajikijolo, imifino yamamephu ngenqwaba. Ekwindla bangadla amakhowe, amajikijolo, ama-acorns, ama-hazelnuts.
Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu oyedwa omdala udinga cishe ama-45-55 kg wokudla ngosuku. Lapho zigcinwa ezindaweni ezivikelekile, amabhungane aduthiswa ngotshani. Ama-feeders anjalo ahlela kuphela lolu hlobo lwesilwane. Izimangalo zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ngamalungiselelo zibangela ulaka nokuhlaselwa kusuka ohlangothini lwenyathi.
Into ebalulekile ngamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwaso kuyadingeka yizilwane nsuku zonke. Noma zingacasha elangeni elishisa bha esihlahleni sehlathi, ekugcineni kosuku bazoya nakanjani endaweni yokunisela.
Sithole ukuthi inyathi idla, manje sizoqonda isimilo sayo nendlela yayo yokuphila.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Bison eRussia
Ngokwemvelo, inyathi ibhekwa njengezilwane ezinokuthula nezolile. Ukubonakaliswa kobudlova akuyona into engajwayelekile kubo. Indoda akufanele yesabe ukuhlangana nayo. Isilwane singakhuluma nabantu abaseduze.Ngeke zidale ingozi futhi zingabi bungozi uma kungekho okubasabisayo. Kodwa-ke, uma isilwane sizibona sisongelwa kuyena noma enzalweni yaso, siba nolaka kakhulu futhi sibe yingozi enkulu. Kungenza imisindo ifane ne-snout.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo: Ukunikina ikhanda kukhombisa nokuthi isilwane sinovalo. Lapho ihlaselwa, inyathi iyashesha futhi ishaye ngezimpondo ezinkulu, eziqinile. Ezilwaneni, isifiso sokuzivikela sizothuthukiswa kakhulu.
Uma kunesithiyo endleleni yesilwane esingamfaki esisibeka engozini, sinquma ukusidlula. Inyathi ayithathwa njengezilwane ezihlala zodwa. Bakha umhlambi wezinkomo, ohlanganisa kusuka kubameli abangu-3-4 kuya ku-16-20 bezilwane. Ubuningi bomhlambi wezinkomo zinsikazi futhi zintsha. Ekhanda lomhlambi kungowesifazane onolwazi kakhulu, ohlakaniphile futhi ongumdala. Abesilisa bahola indlela yokuphila yokuzimela. Bajwayele ukuhlanganisa umhlambi ngesikhathi somshado. Ngenkathi ebandayo, iqhwa elinzima, imihlambi emincane ijoyina ndawonye.
Amabhungane yi-herbivores. Iya emadlelweni ekuseni nakusihlwa. Usuku lonke, bavame ukuphumula, ukulala, ukugeza esihlabathini, ibhasikidi elangeni, ukuhlafuna usinsini nokuhlwaya uboya. Entwasahlobo, amaqembu ezilwane aya eduze nemithombo yamanzi. Ehlobo, ekushiseni okukhulu, kunalokho, asuswa emahlathini asehlathini. Uma kungekho zimila, zikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade lapho zifuna khona. Inemilenze enamandla eqinile ekuvumela ukuthi uhambe amabanga amade ngaphandle kokukhathala. Inyathi iyakwazi ukubhukuda.
Amabhinti ahlala ehlaselwa ngabazingeli. Ngomzuzwana onjalo, bathatha isikhundla sokuzivikela ngendlela yendandatho, maphakathi lapho amalungu abuthakathaka futhi angavikelekile kakhulu eqenjini.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Bison Cub
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-bison siqala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi futhi siqhubeka kuze kube ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa balwa bodwa ukuze bathole ilungelo lokushada nabesifazane. Abesilisa bahola indlela yokuphila eyedwa abahlanganisa amaqembu, ekhipha abantu abasha kuyo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukuqomisana kwabesifazane kuqala. Uma befaka izicelo ezimbalwa zokungena emshadweni nowesifazane oyedwa, abesilisa bayalwa. Ohluliwe ushiya umhlambi, ophumelele uyaqhubeka nokuthandana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinyanga eziyi-9. Ngesikhathi ingane izovela, unina ufuna indawo ecashile. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zizalwa zodwa ngasikhathi sinye, kuyaqabukela enanini lamabili. Isisindo somzimba wosana olusanda kuzalwa singama-23-16 kilos.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, insikazi ilikhotha ngokucophelela i -inyane layo. Ngemuva kwamahora we-1.5-2 ukusuka ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, ingane ingama ngezinyawo zayo futhi ilandele umama wayo ngokukhululeka. Cube zivame ukubheka umama ngephunga. Owesifazane onzalo yakhe ubuyela emhlanjini emva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3 ukuze ajwayelane nawo wonke amalungu alo.
Isikhathi sokuqala umntwana anaka ngaso ukudla ngemuva kwamaviki angama-3-4 kusukela azalwa. Kodwa-ke, ubisi lwebele luyaqhubeka bondla ngokwesilinganiso kuze kube unyaka. Ama-Cuba akhona eduze kukanina emhlambini weminyaka efinyelela eminyakeni eyi-3-4. Iziduna ezivela ezilwaneni ezincane, ezihlukaniswe neqembu, ziyahlangana. Emaqenjini amancane abakhona iminyaka embalwa yokuqala. Ngemuva kokuthola isipiliyoni namandla, wonke umuntu uqala ukuziphilela impilo yokuzimela ehlukile.
Ukukhula kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yiminyaka engama-5-6, amawundlu avuthwa ngokobulili uma efika eminyakeni engu-3-5. Insikazi iyakwazi ukunika izingane unyaka nonyaka. Abesilisa ababambe iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kabusha kohlobo, ikakhulukazi abaneminyaka eyisithupha kuya kwengu-16. Abamele abancane nabadala bobulili obuqinile abavunyelwe ngabesilisa abesilisa nabanamandla. Isilinganiso sokuphila isikhathi eside sebhongo ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-30. Emvelweni yemvelo ingaphila iminyaka engu-5- 10.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyathi
Photo: Umhlambi we bison
Ezindaweni zemvelo, izitha eziyinhloko zenyathi yizilwane ezidla izambane likapondo.
Izisulu ezisengozini enkulu ngabantu abancane, kanye nabogulayo, ababuthaka nabadala. Abantu besifazane abadala nabesilisa bangaxosha noma yimuphi umhlaseli. Okuhlukile ngukuhlasela kwabesilisa ababodwa, ukulwa nomhlambi wezinsikazi ngamaphakethe wezilwane ezizingelayo. Kulokhu, bayaphumelela ngenxa yenzuzo yobuningi.
Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezidla imvelo, umuntu uthathwa njengesitha esiyingozi sebhungane. Ososayensi bathi bekungabazingeli kanye nabazingeli abathi bacishe babaqothula ngokuphelele laba bantu ababemelele ngezimo zemvelo. Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, ngawo-1920 izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zacishe zanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba. Bekungenzeka ukuligcina lodwa ngokubonga ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezivikelwe namapaki kazwelonke, futhi ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningana bagcinwa ezigodini ezizimele.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Kulelikhulu leminyaka elidlule, abathengisi abaningi nabamele izikhulu ezihlonishwayo bazingela ngenhliziyo izilwane ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu. Izilwane ezisencane zazibhekwa njengezinenani elikhethekile, ngoba zinenyama ethambile nenoshukela kakhulu.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphezu kwabazingeli nabazingeli, inani lezilwane ezisebusweni balesi sifo lancishiswa kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka izifo zokuzivikela komzimba, izifo ze-helminthic, isifo sezinyawo nezomlomo, i-anthrax, kanye ne-gastrointestinal pathologies.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Photo: Bison Ndonyane
Namuhla, amabhungane abelwa ngokomthetho isimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuphela. Ukwanda kwesibalo sabantu kuholele ekwandeni kwemingcele yezindawo ezithuthukiswe ngumuntu. Ihlathi lagawulwa ngezinga elikhulu, izinhlobo eziningi zezimila zabhujiswa.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zilwane ezinamandla yayinkulu. Bahlala kuzo zonke izindawo zase-Eurasia. Ukuzingela kanye nokuqothulwa ngamanani amakhulu kuholele ekutheni ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izinyathi zatholakala kuphela esifundeni saseLokvezhskaya Pushcha naseCaucasus. Okwamanje, kwakusele abantu abangaba ngu-65 emhlabeni.
Namuhla, ngenxa yemizamo yososayensi, bekungengenzeka ukulondolozwa kuphela, kepha futhi nokwandisa inani lezinkunzi zasendle. Ngokusho kososayensi, emhlabeni bekunabantu abangaphansi kuka-3,000 abantu ngo-2006. Ingxenye yabo kuphela ku-vivo.
- Ukuze ulondoloze izinhlobo, inyathi inqamula nezihlobo eziseduze - Inyathi yaseMelika,
- Ukuze kulondolozwe idatha yabamele izilwane ezincelisayo ezingabonakali, izinhlobo zibekwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN njengobuthakathaka,
- Lesi silwane sisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu yaseRussia enikezwa isimo "sohlobo olusondele ekuqothulweni".
Ukuvikelwa Kwamabison
Photo: Bison ebusika
Ngo-1923, kwi-International Congress for the Conservation of Nature, kwaphakanyiswa umbuzo ngesidingo sokulondolozwa kwezinkungu zezinyosi futhi uzikhulise. Kusukela kulesi sikhathi kuqhubeke, ukuzingela kwabo kwavinjelwa ngokusemthethweni. Kuyo ingqungquthela efanayo, kwahlelwa ukuthi kuhlanganiswe i-collegio ukuze kugcinwe izinkunzi zasendle ezinhle ngokubabazekayo. Waqhuba ukubhaliswa nokubhaliswa kwabantu abasele bemvelo.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-30s, inani lezilwane lalingadluli kuma-50. Izazi zezilwane zaqala umsebenzi omkhulu wokuthwebula kanye nokufuya izilwane ngemibandela yokubhuka, amapaki kazwelonke.
Kuze kube manje, ukusebenza ngokulondolozwa kanye nokwenza ngcono izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwenziwa ngempumelelo kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- Ukuvikelwa ekuzingeleni,
- Ukuvinjelwa okusemthethweni ekuzingeleni,
- Isijeziso sobugebengu ngokwephula izidingo,
- Ukwenza ngcono izimo zokuphila,
- Ukudalwa kwamapaki ezwe, izindawo ezivikelwe,
- Ukondla izilwane.
Ipaki yezwe enkulu kunazo zonke lapho kukhishwe khona iqembu lokuqala lezilwane ezithunjiwe yiLuzvezhskaya Pushcha. Kuphela endaweni yayo cishe abantu abangamakhulu ayisikhombisa bahlala. Eminyakeni yama-40s, kwaqalwa uhlelo lokubuyisela inyathi yaseCaucasian. Babelwa endaweni yesifunda saseCaucasus.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva, izazi zezilwane zahlola inqwaba yabantu ngonyaka ka-2016. Ngesikhathi salo mcimbi, kwatholakala ukuthi isibalo sezilwane sanda saya kubantu abayizi-6,000. Iningi lazo lihlala emkhakheni wezindawo ezigcinwe kuzwelonke.
Inyathi - Lesi isilwane esimangalisayo, esiyingqayizivele. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ubuntu benza umzamo omkhulu kangaka wokulungisa amaphutha awo futhi basindise lesi silo esimangalisayo. Namuhla, inyathi ibhekwa njengokuwukuphela kwesilwane emhlabeni ukuthi, ngemuva kokucekelwa phansi ngokuphelele ngabazingeli, iye yasakazeka futhi yahlala futhi ezimweni zemvelo.