Inhlanzi yenyanga ingakhula ibe ngamamitha amathathu ubude futhi ifinyelele kwisisindo esingama-1410 kilos. Engxenyeni ye-Atlantic ye-USA, kwaqoshwa isiqhwaga sangempela, ubude baso bomzimba safinyelela kumamitha angama-5.5.

Izinhlanzi zenyanga zinomzimba omfushane, ocindezelwe ngokusobala ezinhlangothini, lokhu kubukeka kufana nesimo sediski.

Ngale ndlela, ngesiLatini igama lizwakala njengo- “Mola”, elihumusha ngokuthi “itshe lokusila”. Le nhlanzi inesikhumba esikhulu esigaxekile esinama-tubony amancane.

UMonfish (uMola Mola).

Izibungu kanye nabantu abasha bezinhlanzi zenyanga babhukuda njengazo zonke izinhlanzi, kodwa izinhlobonhlobo ezivuthiwe zithanda ukulala ngasohlangothini lwazo ebusweni bamanzi isikhathi esiningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, bahambisa kancane iminjunjana evuthayo neyama-anal, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bavuka ngaphezu kwamanzi. Kepha kunombono wokuthi le ndlela yokuziphatha ihlangana nezinhlanzi ezindala noma ezigulayo, yingakho kulula ukubamba.

UMonfish uyisidalwa esihlala phansi.

Ngokuvamile, inhlanzi yenyanga ayibhukudi kahle, ayikwazi ukulwa nesivinini esinamandla. Kwesinye isikhathi uma usuka emkhunjini uyabona ukuthi lezi zimidondoshiya zihamba kancane kanjani kumaza bese zibhukuda ziye lapho zidonswa khona ukugeleza kwamanzi.

Izinhlanzi zenyanga zivame ukuhamba nokugeleza.

Ukudla kwezinhlanzi zenyanga kuqukethe i-zooplankton. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-crustaceans amancane, ama-squid amancane, ama-ctenophores, izibungu zama-eels ne-jellyfish baba yizisulu zawo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ama-specimens amakhulu angashona ekujuleni.

Ama -fishfish adla izilwane ezincane zasolwandle.

Izinhlanzi zeLuna zinokuzala okuhle kakhulu. Owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-300. I-caviar yabo i-pelagic. Ukusakazeka kwenzeka emanzini asolwandle ase-Indian, Pacific kanye nolwandlekazi i-Atlantic. Kwesinye isikhathi abadala bathwalwa yinkambo efudumele, ngakho-ke bawela emanzini afudumele. Esifundeni esiseNyakatho ye-Atlantic, angatholakala e-Iceland, Newfoundland nase-UK. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlala entshonalanga yoLwandle iBaltic nasogwini lwaseNorway. Ehlobo, angatholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yoLwandle lwaseJapan. Futhi ehlobo, atholakala eduzane neziqhingi eziseningizimu yeGreat Kuril Ridge.

Inyanga enhlanzini.

Izinhlanzi ze-Luna ziyisidalwa esingenangozi ngokuphelele, ngisho nezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke azinangozi kubantu. Kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, izakhamizi zakule ndawo ezingasogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika ziyamesaba ngokweqile. Bakholelwa ukuthi le nhlanzi ingumdabuli wobubi, ngenxa yalokho, sebehlangene naye, babuyela ogwini. Ngokunokwenzeka, eduzane nolwandle, inyanga yezinhlanzi ibhekene kuphela nesimo sezulu esibi, ngakho abadobi bayazi ukuthi isivunguvungu singase siqale, futhi bakhethe ukungazibeki engcupheni.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Ukubukeka okumangazayo

Into emangazayo ngale nhlanzi enkulu ukungabi bikho kwe-caudal. Kubukeka sengathi isiqeshana sinqunywe emzimbeni wakhe. Eqinisweni, kubo bonke abameleli bomzimba obunjwe inyanga, umgogodla womgogodla, kanye nomsila kuyo, kuyahlushwa. Kule ndawo, banepuleti le-cartilaginous elenza umsebenzi we-oar, elisekelwa yizicucwana zamaphini e-caudal nawama-dorsal. Ngenxa yalo mzimba omfushane, kukhona elinye igama - inhlanzi-inhloko.

Ezinye izici zokubukeka:

• Umzimba omude, othambile kamuva futhi umzimba omfushane ufana ne-disc.
• I-dorsal fin iphezulu kakhulu futhi iqhutshwe emuva.
• I-anal fin iyalingana endaweni yesikhundla (etholakala ngqo ngaphansi kwayo) futhi icishe ifane.
• Awekho amaphiko we-ventral, kodwa amaphiko we-pectoral mancane.
• Amehlo makhulu ngokwanele, futhi umlomo mncane kakhulu, ufana nomlomo wopholi.
• Umbala ungahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kusuka onsundu kuya kwesiliva grey, kwesinye isikhathi ngephethini enemibala.

Ungabona lezi zici ezinhle zokubukeka esithombeni sezinhlanzi zenyanga.

Iqiniso elihehayo: njengeflounder eshintsha umbala lapho ingemuva elizungezile liguquka, inyanga ngesikhathi esiyingozi nayo ingashintsha umbala wayo.

Ukufana namanye ama-pufferfish

Inhlanzi yenyanga, esesikhundleni sayo ohlelweni lwezinhlanzi, ihlobene nenhlanzi ye-hedgehog, ngoba zombili zingezokuhleleka kwe-puffer-bellies, kodwa imindeni ehlukene. Zenziwa ngokufana ngezici ezinjalo zesakhiwo:

• Amagilethi awambozwa yizembozo. Phambi kwamaphinifa we-pectoral, izimbobo ezincane ezi-oval zibonakala ngokucacile - slits gill.
• Akunamazinyo emihlathini, onke afakwa emapuletini amabili e-enamel eqhubekayo: elinye lisendaweni yomhlathi ophansi, elesibili ngaphezulu. (Abanye abameleli bokutholwa kwe-pufferfish bane, ngokwesibonelo, ezinhlanzini zenja).
• Azikho izikali esikhunjeni.

Isici sesikhumba senyanga ukuvikelwa kwabazingeli nabadobi

Le nhloko yezinhlanzi engajwayelekile inesikhumba esikhethekile. Njengabo bonke abazalwane beqembu le-pufferfish, alinasikali, kepha isikhumba ngokwaso singesihle futhi siwugqinsi, simbozwe ngaphezulu ngemithambo ye-mucous mucous. Uma uqala ukubheka, kungabonakala sengathi umzimba oyindilinga futhi oyisicaba usengozini kakhulu ngenxa yesikhumba esingenalutho. Kepha imvelo yanakekela ukuphepha kwayo, ihlinzeka ngesikhumba ngezithasiselo ezithile:

• Indima yesikali idlalwa yimibukiso emincane ye-bony etholakala ngaphezu kwesikhumba.
• Ngqo ngaphansi kwesikhumba ungqimba olunamandla kakhulu we-cartilage. Ubukhulu bawo buqhamuka kumasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-7.5.

Ngenxa yezici ezinjalo zesikhumba, inhlanzi - inyanga ivikelekile ngokuthembekile kwizigqoko zabadobi: kunzima impela ukudabula isivikelo esinamandla kangaka. Isichotho siyakhumula emzimbeni wenhlanzi enyangeni noma sitshele eceleni kwethafa lomzimba wayo.

Izimbangi (oshaka kanye nemikhomo yokubulala) ziyizitha ezingathí sina zalezi zinhlanzi ezihamba kancane. Njengoba zilume iminjunju, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yenza amandla enyanga, aqala ukuklebhula umzimba wayo. Kodwa ngisho noshaka bayaphumelela ngemizamo ebonakalayo: kunzima ngabo ukuluma ngokusebenzisa ungqimba olubanzi lwesikhumba sohlukumezekile.

Ubukhulu, isisindo nezinye izici

Inhlanzi enkulu yenyanga inosayizi ohlaba umxhwele, ikhula ubude bayo bube amamitha amathathu noma ngaphezulu.

• Evela kuGuinness Book of Record, imininingwane iyaziwa ngomuntu othile owabanjwa ogwini lwase-Australia (endaweni yedolobha laseSydney, ngoSepthemba 1908). Ubude bawo babu ngamasentimitha angama-310, nokuphakama (ukusuka empini yenhlawulo yendawo ephakathi kuya kufinyelela encenyeni ye-anal) - amasentimitha angama-426. Isisindo somzimba salesi sibonelo sasingaphezu kwamathani ama-2 (ama-2235 kilos).
• Incwadi ethi "Ukuphila Kwezilwane" ikhuluma ngosayizi omkhulu kakhulu wezinhlanzi zenyanga: isithombe esithile sabanjwa ogwini lwe-Atlantic engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-USA eNew Hampshire, eyayinobude obungamasentimitha angama-550, kepha isisindo sasilokhu siyimfihlakalo. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bungamamitha amabili ukuphakama kwamabili nesigamu (ukuphakama - ibanga phakathi kwamaphethelo ezinsephe).

Inhlanzi eyinhloko ibhekwa njengezesabekayo kunabo bonke abalingani bayo bethambo, okwamanje esaziwa yisayensi. Izitho zomzwelo zomugqa we-lateral azikho, futhi akunaso isigaxa sokubhukuda.

Ukuziphatha, ukunyakaza kanye nokudla

Lezi zinhlanzi ezinkulu zivame ukuhlala zodwa, imibhangqwana iyivelakancane. Futhi leli qembu lingabonakala kuphela endaweni okuhlanzelwa kuyo izinhlanzi, ezisusa izimuncagazi emizimbeni yazo.

Uma ubheka isithombe senhlanzi enyangeni, kuba sobala ukuthi kungani kunzima kuye ukugcina umzimba wakhe usemanzini: uyisicaba kakhulu futhi akukho msila ojwayelekile.

Izinhlanzi zasekhanda zibhukuda zisebenzisa ama-anal ne-dorsal fins, uzihambisa njengama-oars. Ukushintsha isikhundla salezi zinhlayiya kuyabasiza ukuthi basebenzise kancane ngenkathi behamba (njengamaphiko ezinyonini). Amabele enza njengokuqina kokunyakaza.

Inhlanzi enkulu yenyanga iyashintsha kanjani lapho ibhukuda? Ukuze ajike, usebenzisa lo mgomo osebenzayo: ekhulula umjondolo wamanzi oqinile kusuka kumagalari noma emlonyeni, yena uqobo uqhubekela phambili.

UMola mola uchitha isikhathi esiningi elele ohlangothini lwayo kwikholamu yamanzi. Wake wabhekwa njengomuntu obhukudi ompofu, engakwazi ukumelana namandla amanje, futhi wayesohlwini lwe-macroplankton yasolwandle. Kepha ukubheka ngokucophelela kwamuva kukhombisa ukuthi umuntu walezi zinhlobo angafika ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angaphezu kwama-3 ngehora, futhi angabhukuda ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-26 ngosuku.

Indawo yokuhlala yenyanga ejwayelekile

Izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zenyanga zihlala kuzo zonke izilwandle, ngaphandle kwe-Arctic. Ukhetha amanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo.

Abantu abahlala kuma-hemispheres ahlukile (eNyakatho naseNingizimu) ahluka kancane ezingeni lofuzo.

Lolu hlobo lwe-pelagic futhi lithanda izingqimba zamanzi ezijulile: umkhawulo ophansi wokusatshalaliswa kwawo ungamamitha angama-844. Imvamisa, abantu abadala batholakala bejule ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-200. Imiphumela yolunye ucwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi bachitha ingxenye yesithathu yesikhathi sabo ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi (azikho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10).

Ukushisa kwamanzi okujabulisayo

Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaphezu kwama-10 degrees. Uma uhlala emanzini abandayo isikhathi eside, angalahlekelwa ukujikisa kwawo esikhaleni noma aze afe. Inhlanzi yelanga imvama ukutholakala ilele ohlangothini lwayo ngqo phezu kwamanzi, kuyilapho amaphiko ayo ebonakala ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Ayikho incazelo eqondile yalokhu kuziphatha etholakele. Kunezinguqulo ezimbili:

• Abantu abavukele phezulu bayagula noma bayafa. Imvamisa zibanjwa kalula, kanti izisu zazo zivame ukungabi nalutho.
• Ngaphambi kokungena ezingxenyeni ezijulile zamanzi (ezibandayo ngaphezu kobuso), bonke abamele le zinhlobo benza lokhu, befudumeza imizimba yabo ngale ndlela futhi belungiselela ukucwiliswa.

Udla kanjani

Inhlanzi yenyanga idla okuhlekisayo kakhulu. Ayikwazi ukubamba inyamazane yayo, ngoba ayikwazi ukukhula ngesivinini esanele. Ngakho-ke, ingena emanzini ngomlomo wayo nakho konke okukulo mfudlana wamanzi. Isisekelo sokudla kwayo sakhiwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene zooplankton, kufaka usawoti, i-jellyfish kanye ne-ctenophores.

Kwesinye isikhathi izinsalela ze-algae, starfish, crustaceans, isiponji, izibungu zama-eels kanye nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane zazitholakala ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla okubunjiwe kwalolu hlobo. Lokhu kufakazelwa yukuthi baphaka ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zamanzi: phansi nangaphezulu.

Kunezincazelo zokuziphatha okuthakazelisa kwezinhlanzi zenyanga lapho zisebenzisa i-mackerel. Ngemuva kokuthola umhlambi we-mackerel, iyashesha (ngangokunokwenzeka ngomzimba wayo onamandla) futhi ngamandla amakhulu iwa phansi ebusweni bamanzi. Lokhu kucijisa isisulu, futhi ama-mackerels abe yizisulu ezingabizi kumzingeli. Kepha lezi yizimo ezihlukile.

Harbinger wenkinga?

Ngisho nabantu abakhulu bezinhlanzi zelanga abakwazi ukwenza ukulimala lapho behlangana nomuntu. Noma kunjalo, ezindaweni eziningi ogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika, abadobi banokwesaba okukhohlisayo lapho behlangana nale nhlanzi ogwini emanzini angajulile. Esimweni esinjalo, bashesha ukubuyela ogwini, bebheka lo mhlangano njengengxenye yenhlekelele.

Amamononi avame ukusondela ogwini ngobusuku bezimo zezulu ezandayo, ngakho abantu baqala ukuhlobanisa ukubukeka kwawo nesiphepho noma isivunguvungu olwandle oluzayo.

Isimo sesibili, lapho le nhlanzi ingavela khona emanzini, ihlotshaniswa nokuhlanza umzimba wezinhlaka. Ezinye zazo zisuswa ngabahlanza inhlanzi. Ukususa izidalwa ezihlaselayo ezihlala kahle emzimbeni, inyanga inyukela phezulu iveze amaphiko nezingxenye zomzimba ngaphezulu kwamanzi, okuvumela izilwane zasolwandle ukuba zizidle.