1. Ngaphansi kwegama lezimpawu, abameleli bemindeni emi-2 yezilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini eziku-oda lwezinhlwathi zihlangene - uphawu lwangempela nezimpawu zamehlo.

Futhi iqembu eliphiniwe liqukethe imindeni emi-3: uphawu lwangempela, uphawu lwezimpawu (ngokwesibonelo, izihlambi zoboya namabhubesi olwandle) nama-walruse.

2. Izimpawu okukholakala ukuthi zavela kusuka emadlozini asemhlabeni, ezithwele noma ezinamadlozi.

3. Igama lesi-Latin lophawu luhunyushelwa olimini lwethu ngokuthi "ingulube encane" (nokho, hhayi encane).

4. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-33 zezimpawu zamanzi. Izimpawu zokukhanya zitholakala emanzini amaningi omhlaba, ikakhulukazi e-Arctic nase-Antarctic, kanye nakwezinye izindawo ezishisayo.

5. Ngokwokwahlukaniswa kwezilwane, kunezinhlobo ezingama-24 zezimpawu zamanzi zangempela. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kubo: uphawu lwe-monk, uphawu lwendlovu, uphawu lwe-Ross, uphawu lwe-crabeater, ingwe yolwandle, uphawu lweWeddell, uphawu olwedwe, uphawu olujwayelekile, uphawu olude olunenhliziyo ende, uphawu lwehabhu, uphawu olunemigqa, uphawu.

I-Harbour seal

6. I-seal evamile inezindawo ezine (ngokuya ngendawo abahlala kuyo.) Bahlala kulo lonke uhlangothi olusenyakatho lwe-Arctic: ogwini lweNyakatho Melika, eScandinavia, enyakatho neRussia.

7. Okunye okubhalwe phansi ngophawu olujwayelekile kufakwa engozini ngenxa yokuzingela.

8. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezimpawu zokuncika kwezimpawu zomzimba kuncike ekutheni kungowesilisa noma ngowesifazane. Abesifazane baphila isikhathi eside kunabesilisa, ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sabo sokuphila siyiminyaka engama-35, abesilisa, alas, baphila ngeminyaka eyi-10 engaphansi - iminyaka engama-25.

9. Uhla lwezimpawu zamanzi lubanzi kakhulu, singasho ukuthi lo ngumhlaba wonke. Kuyiqiniso, ngenxa yokuphila kwasemanzini zasolwandle, zonke zihlala ogwini lolwandle nolwandle. Iningi lezinhlobo zalezi zilwane lihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo ze-Arctic ne-Antarctic, lapho ngenxa yamafutha angaphansi abekezelela ngokuphelele ukubanda lapho.

10. Kukhona futhi nezimpawu zamanzi, ezinjenge-monk seal, ezihlala eMedithera efudumele. Futhi, izinhlobo eziningana zezimpawu zasolwandle, ezinjenge-Baikal seal, zihlala emachibini angaphakathi ezwenikazi.

I-Harp seal

11. I-Harp seal - enye yezimpawu zasenyakatho, ezihlala empeleni ogwini lwaseGreenland. Ziyahlukahluka kwezinye izinhlobo zasolwandle ngombala wazo wesimo: kuphela zinezinwele ezimpunga, inhloko emnyama, kanye nomugqa obunjiwe ngehhashi elimnyama osuka emahlombe nhlangothi zombili.

12. I-harp seal incane kakhulu - ubude bayo bomzimba buyi-170-180 cm, isisindo - amakhilogremu angama-120-140.

13. Izimpawu zasolwandle, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa, azinantshisekelo yokuya ocansini, okungukuthi, abesilisa nabesifazane babukeka ngokufanayo (kuphela uphawu oluqanjiwe nolunophawu lwendlovu olunabesilisa “olunomhlobiso” okhethekile ebusweni babo. Ngokuqondene nezitho zangasese, izimpawu, njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo eziningi zasemanzini, zifihlwe emphethweni wesikhumba futhi azibonakali.

14. Ukuvela kwesibonakaliso kungenxa yendlela yabo yokuphila yasemanzini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphiko, anikeza igama kuzo zonke izilwane - "izikhonkwane", aguqula lezi zinyanga ezinyantisayo zomhlaba, zibe zokubhukuda okuhle kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpawu zasolwandle, ngokungafani nemikhomo namahlengethwa, azilahlekanga ukuxhumana kwazo nomhlaba, lapho wonke umuntu echitha khona isikhathi esiningi.

15. Ingonyama yasolwandle ingahlala ingaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingamahora ayi-2 ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-1,500. Futhi izimpawu zivikela olwandle ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha olwandle ngifuna ukudla.

Ingwe yolwandle

16. Ingwe yasolwandle iqanjwe ngegama lesikhumba sayo esibonakalayo nokuziphatha okulimazayo, phakathi kwezimpawu zasolwandle lolu hlobo luthathwa njengeyingozi kakhulu nolaka. Ikakhulu izingwe zasolwandle azideleli ukuhlasela izimpawu ezincanyana zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa ezikuthandayo kakhulu ngama-penguin.

17. Amasayizi endle yolwandle makhulu kunalawo ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezimpawu zasolwandle, ezingaphansi kwendlovu yasolwandle kuphela, ubude bayo bomzimba bungafinyelela kumamitha amane anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-600. Ihlala ogwini lwase-Antarctica.

18. Izimpawu zokukhanya zixinene kakhulu futhi ziyephuza emhlabeni, ngoba lapho zihamba zithembela ekwanduleleni nasekuswini lwazo, kuyilapho izitho zazo zangasemuva zihudula nje phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sinikezwe inqwaba yezimpawu ezinkulu zamatshe, kunzima ngempela kubo ukuhambisa phansi. Kepha uma usemanzini, izimpawu zisiguqulwe ngokuphelele, kusukela ekujuleni kokuhamba kanye nokuxaka okuyisimo sabo emhlabeni, akukho mkhondo - emanzini bangakwazi ukufika ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-25 ngehora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zamanzi zihlukahlukene kakhulu, ezikwazi ukudonsa kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-600 ngokujula.

19. Iqiniso elingaphansi kwamanzi, izimpawu zamanzi azikwazi ukuchitha imizuzu engaphansi kwe-10, ngalesosikhathi lapho ukulethwa kwe-oksijini okuyisikhwama somoya esikhethekile (ngaphansi kwesikhumba sensimbi) kuyaphela futhi kufanele baphindele emhlabeni.

20. Ukuma komzimba wophawu kuyaphawuleka futhi kulolongwe, intamo imfushane futhi ibe mnene, ithweswa umqhele yinhloko yophawu, oluncane ngosayizi kodwa inesigebenga esikhanyayo. Ama-seal flippers athuthukise kakhulu izandla nezinyawo.

Khokhlach seal

21. I-crested seal ihlala e-Arctic, ikakhulukazi ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika, eGreenland. Ihluka kwezinye izimpawu ezinombala wayo.

22. Umzimba wophawu ubhalwe ngezinwele ezimfishane futhi ezilukhuni, okuyinto ngakolunye uhlangothi engaphazamisi ukuhamba kwazo ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngakolunye uhlangothi kuvikela umnikazi wayo emakhazeni. Futhi, izinqolobane zamafutha angaphansi aqoqiwe yizimpawu zobusika zivikela izimbanda emakhazeni. Eqinisweni, la mafutha angenasisekelo wezimpawu zamanzi enza umsebenzi we-thermoregulatory, avumela izilwane ukubekezelela kalula ukubanda kwe-Arctic ne-Antarctic. Umbala wezinhlobo eziningi zezimpawu zaselwandle ungwevu noma onsundu; ezinye izinhlobo zinephethini elinsundu.

23. Izimpawu zokudla izilwane zasendle ezidla inyama, futhi umthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwazo impilo ehlukahlukene yasolwandle: inhlanzi, igobolondo, imfoloko, izinkamba. Izimpawu ezinkulu ezinjalo, njengengwe yolwandle, ngeke zikukhathalele ukudla ama-penguin.

24. Ubudala bomsindo ofile bunganqunywa ngenombolo yemibuthano esezingeni lamafangs akhe.

25. Izimpawu ezinjengabantu zingakhala, noma kunjalo, ngokungafani nathi, azinazo izindlala ze-lacrimal.

I-Weddell Seal

26. I-Weddell seal iqanjwe ngumbhishobhi waseBrithani uSir James Weddell, owayengumphathi wenhlangano yokucwaninga oLwandle i-Weddell, lapho lolu hlobo lwenhlamvu lwatholakala okokuqala ngabaseYurophu.

27. Phakathi kwezinye izimpawu, uphawu lweWeddell luvelele ngamakhono alo amangalisayo okuntywila futhi lube ngaphansi kwamanzi - kanti ezinye izimpawu eziningi olwandle olujulile azikwazi ukudlula imizuzu eyi-10, lolu tywina lungabhukuda ihora. Lolu hlobo lwezimpawu zasolwandle luhlala nase-Antarctica.

28. Noma izimpawu zasolwandle zakha izidudla ngasogwini lolwandle nolwandle, zona, ngokungafani nezinye izikhonkwane, zinomhlambi omncane ngokwemvelo. Isibonelo, bayondla futhi baphumule ngokwehlukana, futhi kuphela uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi lapho bebheka indlela yokuziphatha kwabafowabo.

29. Futhi, izimpawu ziyizidalwa ezinokuthula okukhulu, empeleni azixabani phakathi kwazo, ngaphandle kokuthi, inkathi yokuzalela, lapho abesilisa abaningana bezitholela owesilisa oyedwa, esimweni esinjalo ngisho nezimpawu zokuthula zingafutheka.

30. Ogwini, izimpawu zivulekile futhi zihamba kancane, ngakho-ke zitholakala ngokukhethekile eduze kwamanzi asezingeni lokuhamba, ukuze kuthi lapho kwenzeka khona ingozi, ingene emanzini. Futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile bavele bangene emanzini bathathe inyamazane futhi nakhu siya endaweni elandelayo.

Isindikimba esinenhlamvu ende

31. Isibonakaliso esisebusweni obude sibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yobude baso, ngisho nangezimpawu zamanzi, isihlakala. Ubude bomzimba wobumba obude obungamamitha ayi-2,5 futhi bunesisindo esingama-kilogremu angama-300. Ihlala eNyakatho Atlantic: ogwini lwaseGreenland, eScandinavia nase-Iceland.

32. I-Ross seal iqanjwe ngegama lomhloli wamazwe waseNgilandi uJames Ross. Lesi yisibonakaliso esincane se-Antarctic, umzimba waso singamamitha ama-2 ubude futhi sinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-200. Inentamo emnyama kakhulu emphethweni, lapho ingafihla ngokuphelele ikhanda layo. Lolu hlobo lwe-seal aluqondakali kahle, ngoba luhlala ezindaweni ezikude zase-Antarctica.

Seal Cub - squirrel

33. Izilwanyana zasolwandle zizalela, nazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, kanye ngonyaka. Isikhathi sazo sokuzala ngokuvamile siqala ekupheleni kwehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izingxabano kungenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa abancintisanayo, abafuna ukunakwa kowesifazane oyedwa. Lokho, njengoba kulindelekile, ekugcineni kuzokhetha ukufanisa owesilisa onamandla kunabo bonke.

34. Ukukhulelwa kwesigaxa sowesifazane kuthatha unyaka, emva kwalokho kuzelwe umntwana oyedwa kuphela. Kuliqiniso, uzalwa ngophawu oluthuthukiswe ngokuphelele futhi oluvumelanisa nezimo. Izimpawu ezincane ezinesikhumba esimhlophe, ngakho-ke zibizwa nangokuthi ama-squirrels. Abakwazi ukuhamba nonina emanzini, ngakho-ke bachitha iningi lesikhathi sabo ogwini noma ku-floe eshaywayo.

35. Ukondla ngokushesha ubisi lukamama olunothile olunama-protein, aqala ukukhula futhi akhule ngosayizi aze abe yizimpawu zokuzimela zabantu abadala.

I-Striped seal

36. Isigaxa esinemigqa sehlukile kwezinye izimpawu zasendlini ngombala waso ongajwayelekile wezimbali ezimhlophe nezimnyama. Ihlala eBering, Okhotsk naseChukchi Sea. Ubude bomzimba we-striped seal ngamasentimitha ayi-150-190, isisindo - ama-70-90 kilogram.

37. Amehlo ezimpawu zasendle, noma emakhulu, noma kunjalo, umbono wawo awukathuthukiswa kahle (njengoba, nokho, kuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini), zonke izihlambi zingamaphiko

38. Kodwa-ke, ukungaboni ngamehlo kahle kunxephezelwa kahle ngokuzwa okuhle futhi ikakhulukazi ukuhogela, ngakho-ke izimpawu zamanzi ziyakwazi ukuthola iphunga kude namamitha angama-300-500.

39. Futhi izivalo ezinamandla zibizwa ngokuthi yi-tactile vibris (zibizwa nangokuthi "amadevu") ezigxilwe kuzo phakathi kwezingqinamba ezingaphansi kwamanzi.

40. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezimpawu zamanzi zinamandla okusebenzisa i-ecolocation, yize zakhiwa kuzo kaningi zibuthakathaka kunasemikhawulweni nasezinhlengesi.

INerpa

41. INerpa yizinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke ze-seal, ubude bayo bomzimba ngokwesilinganiso ngamamitha ayi-1.5 futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-100. Kepha lokhu, ngokwesilinganiso, okuncane kunakho konke phakathi kwezincazelo zesibonakaliso - uphawu lweLadoga, oluhlala eLake Ladoga, inobude bomzimba obungadluli ku-135 cm futhi inesisindo esingu-40 kilos.

42. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zasolwandle zihlala emanzini abandayo futhi athambile olwandlekazi lwePacific, Atlantic ne-Arctic, kanye nasemachibini amakhulu nasolwandle olwandle. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ukwehlukaniswa okufana neCaspian seal, iBaikal seal, iLadoga seal kuyahlukaniswa.

Indlovu

43. Njengoba igama libonisa, uphawu lwendlovu luyizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zezimpawu, ubude bazo bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-6.5 ngesisindo samathani ayi-2,5. Futhi, enye impahla enezindlovu ayinikezi ubukhulu obukhulu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuba khona kwempumulo enjengekushisayo eziqwini zezindlovu zabesilisa.

44. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, izindikimba zezindlovu zihlukaniswe zaba ngama-subspecies amabili: uphawu lwendlovu yasenyakatho luhlala ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika, kanti uphawu lwendlovu oluseningizimu luhlala e-Antarctica.

45. Izimpawu zasolwandle zingaba yisisulu sabazingeli abakhulu basolwandle: oshaka, imikhomo yokubulala. Futhi, izihlambi zamanzi zase-Arctic zingabhekana nengozi ogwini ngesimo samabhere aqinile (polar) nabantu (ngokwesibonelo, abakwaChukchi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo babezingela izimpawu).

Izimpawu zasolwandle zeCrabeater

46. ​​Isigaxa se-crabeater, esidalulwe ngokufiswa kwaso ngobuningi baso, futhi siyisibonakaliso esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - ngokusho kokuqagela okuhlukahlukene, inani laso lisuka kubantu abayizigidi eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyi-40. Inosayizi abaphakathi kwezimpawu zamanzi zasolwandle - ubude bomzimba - amamitha ayi-2,2,2,6, isisindo - amakhilogremu angama-200 ukuya kwangama-200, inomhlaka omncane omncane.

47. Lezi zivalo zihlala e-Antarctica kanye nasolwandle oluseningizimu ziyayigeza, imvamisa zithanda ukuhlela izindawo zazo zokukhamba ezintabeni zeqhwa, zibhukuda nazo.

I-Monk seal

48. I-monk seal mhlawumbe i-thermophilic kakhulu phakathi kwezimpawu zamanzi, ngoba ithanda amanzi afudumele esiqhingini saseMedithera, saseHawaiian naseCaribbean, lapho ihlala khona impela, kumakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha e-Arctic nase-Antarctic. Futhi, ngokungafani nezinye izimpawu, inendawo eyakhiwe kahle yomhlana ongaphansi. Ubude bomzimba we-monk seal ngamamitha ayi-2-3 anesisindo samakhilogremu angama-250.

49 I-monk seal inombala onsundu onsundu nesisu esikhanyayo, lapho ithola khona igama lesibili - uphawu olunomhlophe. Esikhathini esedlule, izindela zazihlala oLwandle Olumnyama, futhi zingatholakala ogwini lweLwandle Olumnyama yezwe lethu, kepha muva nje isibalo sabantu kulezi zinqobelo sehle kakhulu, okwamanje zonke izingcitshi zesibonakaliso semonki zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu.

50. Ubisi lukamama lophawu lwesifazane lukhulu kunakho konke ekwakhiweni kwalo (okuqukethwe okunamafutha kulo kudlula ama-50%), imikhomo kuphela esenobisi olunamafutha afanayo.

Ukubukeka

Izici ezilandelayo zinesimo sezimpawu zamamonki: igebhezi elinama-alegomatic arches ahlukaniswe kabanzi (ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala) nesigaba esikhulisiwe sembambo. Izinqubo zamakhala zamathambo we-intermaxillary ngokuvamile azihlanganisi phakathi kwamathambo emakhaleni nawom maxillary. Unqenqema olungaphambili lwamathambo emakhaleni lubumba izihlwathi ezimbili, ezihlukaniswe yikhulu. Ulwelwesi lwamathambo lunemaphethelo we-arched yangemuva nge-notan ephakathi ne-notch. Ngokungafani nezinye izimpawu, izindikimba zemonki zinengxenye engemuva yomhlathi ongaphansi. Kunezinqubo ezinkulu ze-preorbital. Imigqomo yokuqopha amathambo mincane, inxantathu ngesimo. I-bony auditory meatus ayigoqiwe ngendlela yedolo. Amazinyo we-Cheek asondelene komunye nomunye futhi, njengomthetho, awanazo izengezo ezingeziwe (uma zinjalo, khona-ke zincane kakhulu). Wonke amazinyo esihlathini, ngaphandle kwengcambu yokuqala, enezimpande ezimbili. Izisusa ezingaphezulu zangaphakathi zinezimpande ezintekenteke. Izicucu zendluzelekazi nge-notch ejulile ye-midline nama-lobes ebanzi. Izinsolo zabo kuzo zincane kakhulu. Emaphepheni angaphambili, umunwe wokuqala ungude kunawo wonke, okuseleyo kancane kancane kuye kufinyelele kwelesihlanu, izindwani zikhule kahle, zibanzi. I-hairline iphansi, ilukhuni futhi ibushelelezi, iqinile emzimbeni. Ama-Vibrissas abushelelezi, oval ngaphesheya. Umbala wangemuva usuka ku-grey omnyama uye ku-brownish brown, esiswini ukhanya. Ama-chromosomes kusethi yediploid 34. Ubude bomzimba walolu hlobo buyi-210-250 cm.

Ukusatshalaliswa

Emanzini oLwandle Olumnyama, uphawu lwe-monki lwatholakala kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lokugcina ngabantu abangashadile namaqembu amancane ogwini oluseningizimu nentshonalanga yeCrimea. Njengamanje, iningi labo lihlala oLwandle Olumnyama ngasogwini lwaseBulgaria, lapho kunemihlambi emibili emincane kakhulu, ezalaniswa eCape Kaliakra naseningizimu yeBurgas. Ngezikhathi ezithile, abantu bebodwa batholakala ogwini lwaseRomania. Ingxenye yabantu abaLwandle Olumnyama ihlala endaweni engasogwini yeTurkey, ngokusobala, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga. Lonke uhla lonke luhlanganisa uLwandle iMedithera nogu lwe-Atlantic lwase-Afrika eningizimu, ngokusobala, kuze kube semlonyeni weSenegal cishe ngo-15 ° C. w. Ngakho-ke, amaqembu amancane ezimpawu zamamonki asindile esiqhingini saseGreece Samos, oLwandle lwaseTyrrhenian esiqhingini saseNtaliyane iMontecristo, eziqhingini zase-Ilyash-Desertas eduze naseMadeira, eziqhingini zaseTunisia zeGalite neZembra.

Ngaphakathi kwe-CIS okwamanje akatholakali. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, kwasakazwa izindikimba zamonki ngasogwini olusentshonalanga yoLwandle Olumnyama, olwandle lwamaCrimea, engxenyeni esentshonalanga peninsula nogu oluseningizimu yeCrimea. Ngokusobala, ukutholakala osogwini oluseningizimu yeCrimea kuqale ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Onke amacala emihlangano yesimanje yezimpawu zamamonki ngasogwini oluseningizimu nogu lwaseCaucasus ayithembekile. Kusukela ngo-1946 kuya ku-1951, kwaphawulwa izigameko eziningana zokubanjwa kwezimpawu zamamonki amanetha okudoba endaweni yezingxenye ezisenyakatho neDanube Delta.

Lo mbono ufakiwe kwiSithasiselo II seBerne Convention, Isithasiselo II seBonn Convention kanye neSithasiselo I seCITES International Convention. Amathuba okuphinda aqashelwe kabusha ngokubukwa koLwandle Olumnyama, kubandakanya nokubuyela kwalo osebeni lwaseCrimea, ayaqhubeka, inqobo nje uma ngabe indawo yokuhlala efanelekile ekhona osebeni lwe-Opuksky Nature Reserve kanye neTarkhankutsky National Nature Park iyalondolozwa.

Azikho izitha ngaphandle komuntu.

Isibalo sezinhlobo ngonyaka ka 1976 sanqunywa kwizilwane eziyinkulungwane. Ukuchichima koLwandle Olumnyama akwaziwa, kepha akweqi amashumi amaningana. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngasogwini lwaseBulgaria uphawu lwama-monk luvikelwe ngumthetho, inani lawo alikhuphuki, futhi endaweni yaseCape Kaliakra ifinyelela izilwane ezingama-20-30. Ukwehla kwezinombolo kanye nokunyamalala ngokuphelele kwezimpawu zamamonki endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili kubangelwa umthelela we-anthropogenic, kufaka phakathi ukubhujiswa okuqondile kwabantu.

Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

Zagcinwa esifundeni esisogwini eduze kwezindawo ezazinabantu abaningi, zinamadwala, zinezindawo eziningi ezisogwini noma ezingasogwini lweziqhingi ezinamadwala. Imvamisa yathola isiphephelo emadwaleni amadwala nase emihumeni. Babephila ngokuhlala phansi futhi banda ngasogwini olufanayo unyaka nonyaka. Umsebenzi wawenziwa kakhulu nsuku zonke. KuLwandle Olumnyama idla ikakhulukazi kwi-flounder, kuze kufike ezingeni elincane - ama-mackerel nama-anchovies.

Amaqiniso Seal

• Isisindo somzimba walezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo ziyahlukahluka kusuka kumathani angama-40 kuya kwangama-2,5, futhi ngobude zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1 kuye kwayi-6.
• Izimpawu ziziqhayisa ngomqondo owakhiwe kahle wephunga, ziyakwazi ukuhogela kude ngamamitha angama-500.
• Ukulala kwezimpawu zamanzi njalo kuyazwela, bavuka kaningana bayohlola insimu.
• Lezi zilwane zingalala emhlabeni nasemanzini.
• Izimpawu okukholelwa kuzo ukuthi zivela kusukela emadlozini asemhlabeni noma ezinjenge-otter-like (amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-otter).
• Izimpawu eziyizidalwa ezikhuluphele ngempela, futhi azidingi mafutha hhayi kuphela ukuze ziqine: futhi zibavumela ukuba balondoloze ukusebenzelana okungcono.
• Lapho uhudula ngaphansi kwamanzi, inhliziyo yesibonakaliso ishaya izikhathi eziyi-10-15 ngomzuzu, ngenkathi empilweni ejwayelekile yenza ukushaywa okungu-120 ngasikhathi sinye.
• Izimpawu azihlafunisi izinhlanzi, kodwa zigwinye ziphelele. Ezimweni ezimbi ngokweqile - kudwengula izingcezu ezinkulu.
• Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-33 zezimpawu zamanzi. Izimpawu zokukhanya zitholakala emanzini amaningi omhlaba, ikakhulukazi e-Arctic nase-Antarctica, kanye nakwezinye izindawo ezishisayo.
• Isikhathi sokuphila seal kuncike kubulili. Abesifazane baphila isikhathi eside kunabesilisa, ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sabo sokuphila siyiminyaka engama-35, kanti abesilisa baphila iminyaka engaphansi kwe-10.
• Emhlabeni, izimpawu zamanzi zihamba emaphini angaphambili, zidonsela emuva, kepha emanzini isimo siyashintsha. Laphontywiliselwa emanzini, izimpawu zasolwandle zisebenzisa izambulela zangaphambili njengesijule sokujula, futhi ziqaqa kuphela ngamaphini awo angemuva.
• Ibhubesi lasolwandle, elisho futhi nezimpawu zamanzi, lingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingamahora amabili, lifinyelele ekujuleni okufika kumakhilomitha ayi-1.5.
• Isigaxa esisanda kuzalwa sibizwa ngokuthi yisikwele ngenxa yoboya obumhlophe obukhulu obembozwe ngabo.
• Esikhundleni sezindlebe, lezi zilwane zine-canal ekhethekile yokuvalwa evala ngomsipha okhethekile lapho isilwane singena emanzini.
• Izimpawu ezinamandla zokuphamba ngezinkanyezi, noma zingakhuli kahle njengamahlengethwa.

• Kukhona nezimpawu zasolwandle, ezinjenge-monk seal, ezihlala eMedithera efudumele. Futhi, izinhlobo eziningana zezimpawu zasolwandle, ezinjenge-Baikal seal, zihlala echibini elingaphakathi lamazwekazi (amaqiniso athakazisayo ngoLwandle iMedithera).
• Umhlambi omkhulu wezilwane ezincelisayo owaziwa emhlabeni wonke umhlambi wezinyoni zasolwandle ezisenyakatho, ezihlala eziqhingini ezimbili ezisendaweni engaphansi koLwandle iPacific futhi ezinabantu abacishe babe yizigidi eziyi-1.5.
• Izimpawu zamadoda kuphela esikhathini sokuzalelwa zinolaka komunye nomunye, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo lezi zidalwa zinokuzwelana futhi zinakekela izihlobo zazo.
• Izimpawu zokuphila zinesikhathi sokuphila esingekho ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30; ubudala bunqunywa ngenani lemibuthano esekuphakameni kwamafangqa abo.
• Izimpawu azilethi inzalo ephindwe kanye ngonyaka.
• I-amadevu, noma i-vibrissa, isiza izinyawo zasolwandle emanzini. Ngosizo lwabo, izilwane ziqagela ngokunembile indawo yezingqinamba futhi zizikhwebule ngempumelelo.
• Ingozi enkulu yezimpawu zasolwandle oshaka, amabhere omhlaba, imikhomo yokubulala nabantu (amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngabasakazi).
• Izimpawu zomzimba ngezinye izikhathi zisebenzisa izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha ngonyaka olwandle ngifuna ukudla.
• Ngenxa yobubanzi obukhulu bokunamafutha, izindikimba ziyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okubucayi kwendawo yasemanzini kuze kube ngama--80 degrees.
• Abesilisa nabesilisa bacishe babukeke ngendlela efanayo, ngoba izitho zabo zangasese zifihlwe emafutheni omanqatha.

Incazelo Nezici

Izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ezinomzimba omude futhi ohlungelweyo owenziwe ngendlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Ubuningi babameleli bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane buyehluka kakhulu, ukusuka ku-150 kg kuya kumathani angama-2,5, ubude bomzimba busuka ku-1.5 m kuya ku-6.5 m. Seal ikhono elihlukile lokuqongelela amanoni amasizini ahlukene, bese usikhipha, ushintshe ubukhulu obukhulu.

I-seal evamile emanzini

Isilwane sinikeza isithombe sesidalwa esixakile lapho sisemhlabeni. Umzimba omkhulu ombozwe izinwele ezimfishane, intamo eminyene, ikhanda elincane, amafiphele. Emanzini baphenduka ababhukudi abahle.

Ngokungafani nezinye izikhonkwane, izindikimba zilondoloze ukuxhumana nomhlaba, lapho zisebenzisa khona ingxenye enkulu yezimpilo zazo. Izicucu ezinamabhulashi athuthukile, izinyawo zisiza ukuhamba kunoma iyiphi imvelo. Emhlabeni, asekelwa isisindo somzimba emilenzeni, edonsa emuva, edonsela phansi emhlabathini.

Emvelweni wasolwandle, konke kuhlukile. Izimpawu zingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-25 km / h emanzini. Izilwane zingangena ekujuleni kolwandle zize zifike kumamitha angama-600. Ukwakheka kwekhanda okufekethisiwe kungathi kusiza ukudlula kwikholamu yamanzi.

Ukuhlala isilwane ekujuleni okungadluli imizuzu eyi-10 ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo. Lolu phawu kufanele libuyele emhlabeni ukuze luqede kabusha isikhwama somoya ngaphansi kwesikhumba ukuze kungene olwandle olulandelayo.

Ijazi elinzima ligcina ukushisa. I-Thermoregulation inikezwa ungqimba lwamafutha angaphansi, aqoqwa yizilwane phakathi nobusika. Ngale ndlela, amatywina akhuthazelela izimo ezinzima ze-Arctic ne-Antarctic.

Amehlo agqamile ezincelisayo aveza kakhulu. Faka uphawu esithombeni ubukeka ubhoboze ukubukeka, ukuhlakanipha okufana nokufihla okuthile okwengeziwe umuntu akwaziyo ngaye. Umbono wabantu abanamafutha ahlakaniphile awubukhali. Njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, amehlo awaboni ngamehlo. Njengabantu, izilwane ezinkulu ziyakwazi ukukhala, yize zingenazo izindlala ze-lacrimal.

Kepha babamba iphunga ngo-500 m, bezwa kahle, kepha izilwane azinawo ama-auricles. Ukudlikiza okuzwakalayo, okufana amadevu amhlophe, kuwasize azulazule phakathi kwezingqinamba ezahlukahlukene. Amandla wokwehlukanisa izinkanyezi ahlukanisa izinhlobo ezithile kuphela. Kuleli talente, izimpawu zamanzi zingaphansi kwamahlengethwa, imikhomo.

Cishe akunakwenzeka ukwahlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane ngezibonakaliso zangaphandle eziseleni eziningi. Umhlobiso osesizalweni seduna uhlukanisa kuphela uphawu lwezindlovu kanye nezimpawu zasendulo. Abesifazane bangaphansi kwesisindo, kepha ngaphandle kwezilinganiso ezikhethekile kunzima ukubona umehluko.

Umbala wezilwane uvame ukuba nsundu ngombala onsundu. Izindawo ze-Oblong zihlakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Amakhefu athola ifa lokugqoka kusukela esemncane. Izitha zemvelo zezimpawu zasolwandle ziyimikhomo yokubulala, oshaka. Izilwane ziphunyuka kubo ngokugxuma ogwini. AmaPolar athanda ukujabulela inyama eboshwe, kepha kuyaqabukela akwazi ukuphatha ababaleki abaqaphile.

Izimpawu zemindeni ziyimindeni yezimpawu zamanzi zangempela nezokonakele, ngomqondo obanzi - wonke ama-pinnipeds. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-24 ezihlukile, kepha gcina izici eziningi ezivamile. Amakoloni ezinsimbi zasePacific akhulu kancane kunabantu base-Atlantic. Kepha ukufana okukhulu kuhlanganisa abamele bazo zonke izifunda. Ezinye izinhlobo zaziwa kakhulu.

Seal monk. Ithanda amanzi oLwandle iMedithera ngokungafani nezihlobo zase-Arctic. Abantu abadala banesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-250, ubude bomzimba bungamamitha angama-2-3. Ukuze umbala okhanyayo wesisu ubizwe ngokuthi-white-beleed. Phambilini, uLwandle Olumnyama luhlala kule ndawo, uphawu lwatholakala endaweni yezwe lethu, kepha inani labantu lancipha. Ogwini lolwandle olufudumele bezingekho izindawo zama-rookeries ezilwane - konke kwakhiwe ngumuntu. Indela ibhalwe ku-Red Book. Kuhlotshisiwe uphawu lwe-caribbean indela isivele ibonwa njengonamanyala.

I-Monk seal

Isigaxa seCrabeater. Igama lesilwane esifuywayo esatholwa umlutha wokudla. I-seal ihlukaniswa yi-muzzle emincane, usayizi womzimba ojwayelekile: ubude obuyi-2,5 m, isisindo esingu-250-300 kg. Abadli beCrab bahlala e-Antarctica, ulwandle oluseningizimu. Imvamisa hlela Rookies on the Ice ezintantayo. Izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu.

Isigaxa seCrabeater

Uphawu olujwayelekile. Kwenzeka ezindaweni ezihlukile ze-Arctic hemisphere enyakatho: eRussia, eScandinavia, eNyakatho Melika. Zihlala emanzini asogwini, angahambi. Isisindo isilinganiso esingu-160-180 kg, ubude bube ngu-180 cm. Umbala obomvu grey ubusa phakathi kweminye imibala. Ukuzingela kubeke engozini izinhlobo zezilwane.

I-Harbour seal

I-Harp seal. Kancane ngosayizi - ngobude be-170-180 cm, isisindo cishe yi-130 kg. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngombala okhethekile - ijazi lesiliva, ikhanda elimnyama, umucu omnyama ngendlela yesikela kusuka emahlombe.

I-Harp seal

I-Striped seal. Ummeleli oyingqayizivele wezilwane ezincelisayo, "zebra" phakathi kwamaqhwa. Ebangeni elimnyama, eliseduze nesizinda esimnyama, imichilo enjengendandatho efinyelela ku-15 cm ububanzi. Ingubo egqamile ihlukanisa abesilisa kuphela. Amabhendi ezinsikazi awabonakali. Igama lesibili lezimpawu zasolwandle yi-lionfish. Izimpawu zasenyakatho ezitholakala eTatar Strait, olwandle iBering, Chukchi, Okhotsk.

I-Striped seal

Ulwandle Ingwe. Isikhumba esilahliwe, isimilo esinolaka sanika igama kumzingeli. Isihlobo esibi sihlasela izimpawu ezincanyana, kepha amaphinifa awukudla okuthandekayo kwengwe yolwandle. Umhlaseli ufinyelela kubude obuyi-4 m, isisindo somuntu okhulayo ophethe ingwe sifinyelela ku-600 kg. Kwenzeka ogwini lwe-Antarctica.

Ingwe yolwandle

Indlovu yasolwandle. Igama ligcizelela ubukhulu besilwane esikhulu, ubude obungamamitha ayi-6.5, isisindo esingu-2,5 amathoni, impumulo ye-proboscis emadodeni. Ama-subspecies asenyakatho ahlala ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika, ama-subspecies aseningizimu - e-Antarctica.

Indlovu

Ulwandle hare (lahtak). Ebusika, isisindo esiphezulu sesilwane esondlekile sifinyelela ku-360 kg. Umzimba omkhulu ungamamitha ayi-2,5 ubude.Imihlathi enamandla anamazinyo amancane. Isilwane esindayo sigcinwa emhlabeni eduze kwezimbobo, onqenqemeni lwethaw. Bahlala bodwa. Umlingiswa othanda ukuthula.

Ulwandle hare lahtak

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kakhulu kwezimpawu zomzimba kuyabonakala ezifundeni ezinamakhaza, ogwini lwe-Arctic, e-Antarctic. Okuhlukile ngophawu lwe-monk, oluhlala emanzini afudumele aseMedithera. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emanzini angenasisekelo, ngokwesibonelo, eLake Baikal.

Izimpawu azibonakalanga ngokufuduka isikhathi eside. Bahlala emanzini asogwini, babhukuda ngemijondolo, banamathela ezindaweni ezingapheli. Emhlabathini ahamba ngokuzikhandla, ekhasa, encike ekwanduleleni. Lapho bezwa ingozi, shayelela umhlonyane. Emanzini bazizwa beqiniseka, bakhululekile.

Uphawu luyisilwane umhlambi. Iqoqo lamaqembu, noma ama-rookeries, akha ifomu emaphethelweni eqhwa. Inani lezinhlambi lincike ezicini eziningi, kepha ukuzihlanganisa okuningi okunesibalo esiphakeme sezimpawu zamanzi akulona uphawu. Abantu bebodwa abakude komunye nomunye, kepha phumula, bondla ngokuzimele izihlobo zabo. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo bunokuthula. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, izilwane zisiza omakhelwane ukukhipha uboya obudala - bhala imihlane yabo.

I-basiki e-Baikal bask elangeni iyizihlobo zezimpawu zamanzi

Izilwane ezilele phezu kwethotho zibonakala zingakhululekile. Phakathi kwabo, baxhumana ngezindebe ezimfishane, kungaba njengokuthuthumela noma ukuhleka. Imisindo yomsindo ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene babe nemisindo ethile. Emhlambini, amaphimbo ezilwane ahlangana abe ngumsindo ojwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ogwini, lapho kugaguleka khona amaza olwandle.

Kwesinye isikhathi ikwaya yensimbi ifana ne-hoing, izinkomo ezikhalayo. Ukukhala okuzwakala kakhulu kukhipha uphawu lwezindlovu. Izimpawu eziyingozi zigcwele i-alamu, ukukhala kukamama kwezingane kuzwakala ngokuqhubekayo, ngentukuthelo. Izinzwa, amaza, uchungechunge lokuphindaphinda ziphethe umthwalo okhethekile wokuxhumana ngezilwane.

Ukulala kwezimpawu zamanzi akunamandla. Emhlabathini, ahlala ecophelela, alala ebheke phezulu isikhathi esifushane emanzini, ngezikhathi ezithile asukuma aze phezulu ukuze afeze ukugcwaliswa komoya.

Umsoco

Isisekelo sokudla kwezimpawu zasolwandle yizakhamizi zasolwandle: ama-mollusks, imifantu, ama-octopus, ama-squids, ama-crustaceans amakhulu. Ukudla okuningi kuyizinhlanzi: i-smelt, i-polod cod, capelin, navaga, herring. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo zinokulutha okuthile.

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinhlanzi

Isibonelo, uphawu lwe-crabeater lwaqokwa ukuthi luthande ukufuya kwabanye abahlali basemanzini; ngoba ingwe yasolwandle, i-penguin izoba yinto yokwelapha. Amanzi amancane abambisa inyawo agwinywe ephelele ngaphandle kokuhlafuna. Seal - Ulwandle ukuminza, hhayi okukhethiweyo ngokudla, ngakho-ke amatshe agwinyiwe aze afike ku-10 kg aqoqwa esiswini sezinyamazane.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezimpawu zamanzi kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka. Izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo ezivela emndenini wezinsimbi zakha ngazimbili ezingapheli. Isithembu yizimpawu ezinde ezinemifino emide, uphawu lwezindlovu.

Ekupheleni kwehlobo, isikhathi sokukhwelana siyavuleka, lapho abesilisa bancintisana ukunaka izintokazi. Izilwane ezithanda ukuthula ziba izimpi, zize zikwazi ukulwa nolaka nesitha. Inqubo yokuqomisana, ukufuthwa yenzeka emanzini olwandle, ukuzalwa kwezingane - emafulethini eqhwa.

Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuhlala cishe unyaka, kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-280 kuya kwezingama-350. Ingane eyodwa izalwa, ikhule ngokugcwele, ibonwe, ekugcineni yakhiwa. Ubude bomzimba wosana bufika bubalelwa ku-1 m, isisindo esingu-13 kg. Seal cub ezalwa kaningi ngesikhumba esimhlophe, noboya obukhulu. Kepha kunezimpawu ezisanda kuzalwa ezingamhlophe kuphela, kepha futhi zinombala onsundu ngombala onomthunzi womnqumo, ngokwesibonelo, emahashini olwandle.

Ngenkathi ingane ingeke ihambisane nonina lapho ebhukuda olwandle, ichitha isikhathi sayo endaweni ekhukhulayo eqhweni. Owesifazane wondla ingane ngobisi olunamafutha inyanga eyodwa. Ube esekhulelwa futhi. Lapho kuphela okondlayo kwabomama, ukhulile uphawu olumhlophe ongakalungeli impilo yokuzimela.

Amasheya amaprotheni, amafutha akuvumela ukuthi ubambe isikhashana. Isikhathi sokulamba sithatha amasonto ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwayi-12, ngenkathi isilwane silungiselela ukuhamba komuntu wokuqala. Isikhathi sokukhula samawundlu siyingozi kakhulu empilweni yawo. Owesifazane akakwazi ukuvikela ingane yakhe phansi ngenxa yokuhamba kancane, akahlali njalo ukuphatha ukufihla umhlonyane ngophawu.

Isiphandla sowesifazane nge-cub

Umama ufihla izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa phakathi kwama-ice hummocks, emigodini yeqhwa, ukuze kungabikho muntu obona umntwana omhlophe qhwa. Kepha ukushona kwama-squirrels, njengoba bekibiza ngezimpawu ezincanyana zamanzi, kuphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuzingela. Abantu abalondolozi izimpilo zezingane, ngoba uboya bazo obukhulu bubonakala kubo bubiza kakhulu. Izitha ezisusa ezweni izinhlobo zezinto zaseningizimu zasendaweni ezihlala ezindaweni zase-Antarctic. Kepha isitha sabo esiyinhloko sicashe emanzini - bangama-killer whales, noma imikhomo yokubulala.

Ukuzalaniswa kwezimpawu zamanzi ezinhlobonhlobo, ngokungafani nezinhlobo zezimpawu zamanzi zangempela, kwenzeka eziqhingini eziseceleni nakwindawo ezisogwini. Abesilisa bathumba amasayithi aqhubeka nokuqapha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezingane. Abesifazane bazala izingane emhlabeni ngamaza aphansi. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ngokufika kwamanzi, ingane isivele ikwazi ukubhukuda.

Kuvaliwe uphawu ezimweni ezinhle, igcina isondelene ne-rookery unyaka wonke. Ukuvuthwa kwezimpawu zamakhosikazi abesifazane kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni emi-3 ubudala, abesilisa - eneminyaka eyi-6-7. Impilo yezimpawu zomuntu besifazane ihlala ezimweni zemvelo iminyaka engaba ngu-30 kuye kwengama-30, abesilisa bayiminyaka eyi-10. Ngokuthabisisayo, ubudala bokusinda koshonile bungabonakala ngenani lemibuthano ngokuya ngamafangs ayo.

Isimo sezulu, ukubukeka komhlaba, ukudoba ngokungemthetho kunciphisa inani lezilwane ezimangalisayo ezihlala emhlabeni. Ukugqama okukhanyayo kwezimpawu zamanzi, eziphila kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ezindaweni ezivulekile, njengokungathi ngesihlamba, kuqondiswa emhlabeni namuhla.

Ukuvela kwesibonakaliso esimhlophe

Lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo zasolwandle zibonakaliswa yisigaxa esibonakaliswa ngama-argomatic arched ahlukaniswe kakhulu. Lokhu kujwayelekile ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala. Futhi, zibonakaliswa yisigaba esandisiwe samakhala.

Emathanjeni ama-intermaxillary, izinqubo zamakhala, njengomthetho, azihlukani phakathi kwamathambo we-maxillary namakhala.Amathambo emakhaleni angaphambili lawo akha amaproselion amabili, ahlukaniswe yi-notch kuju. Umphetho wangemuva wesigaxa se-bony unesimo esijikelezayo esine-nottan angular notch.

Uma siqhathanisa uphawu lwe-monk nezinye izimpawu, singakwazi ukwahlukanisa ingxenye engemuva yomhlathi ophansi, othuthukiswe ngamandla. Amanqina e-preorbital anamandla ayatholakala. I-bony auditory meatus ayinakugoba okungathi kwedolo. Imigqomo yamaphimbo wethambo anxantathu ngesimo futhi mncane ngosayizi.

Amazinyo ahlanzekile ahlangana eduze futhi ezimweni eziningi awanawo ama-vertice angeziwe, futhi uma enje, mancane kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwezinyo lempande yangaphandle, khona-ke wonke amazinyo esihlathini anezimpande ezimbili. Izihlahlo zangaphakathi eziphakeme zinezimpande zesimo esithambile.

I-White-bellied seal (UMonachus monachus).

Izicucu zendluzelekazi zinama-lobes amaningi kanye notch ejulile ye-midline. Amaconsi asemafini angemuva mancane kakhulu.

Umunwe wokuqala kumapheya angaphambili mude kunawo wonke, bese kuthi kancane kancane okunye kufinyezwe kumunwe wesihlanu. Amaconsi asemaphini angaphambili akhule kahle futhi abanzi. I-hairline iqinile emzimbeni, ibushelelezi, inzima futhi iphansi. Ama-Vibrissas awububanzi obukhulu futhi abushelelezi.

Ngemuva kwembali yetonki kunemibala ebangeni kusuka kumpunga omnyama kuya ku-brownish brown. Umbala wesisu ukhanya kalula.

Ubude bomzimba wesibonakaliso semonki busukela kumasentimitha angama-210 kuya kwangama-250. Kwisethi yediploid, kukhona ama-chromosomes angamashumi amathathu nane.

Inani lezimpawu zamamonki ngonyaka ka-1976 zalinganiselwa kwizilwane eziyinkulungwane.

Izimpawu ezi-White-belled

Inani eliphelele lezimpawu zamamonki ngonyaka we-1976 lalinganiselwa kubantu ababalelwa ku-1 000. Isibalo sabantu abamnyama abaziwa njengoLwandle Olumnyama, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi singabala ngisho nabantu abayikhulu, sishintsha phakathi kwamashumi ambalwa ezimpawu. Naphezu kwesimo sohlobo oluvikelwe ngumthetho waseBulgaria, inani lezimpawu zemilomo lincane futhi alikhuphuki. Endaweni yaseCape Kaliakra, kunezimpawu zamanzi ezingamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amathathu kuphela.

Ukukhulelwa kwe-monk seal yabesifazane kuhlala izinyanga eziyi-10-11. Izinsikazi zondla izingane amasonto angama-6-8.

Ngokuqondene nokwehla kwamanani nokuqothuka ngokuphelele kwe-monk seal endaweni yangaphambili yeSoviet Union, isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kwakuwumphumela we-anthropogenic, kufaka phakathi ukubhujiswa okuqondile.

Ukuzala kabusha kanye nesakhiwo senhlalo sezimpawu zamhlophe ezimhlophe

Isikhathi sokuncishiswa kwezimpawu zamamonki zibonakala ngathi ekwindla noma ngasehlobo.

Ukukhulelwa izinyanga eziyishumi nanye. Abesifazane bazala izinsikazi ezincane ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekwindla kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi njalo ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sinamasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Ukuvuthwa kufinyelelwa eneminyaka emine.

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