Ama-turtles angesinye sezakhamuzi ezindala kakhulu zeplanethi yethu ezingabonanga nje ngokufa kwama-dinosaurs, kodwa nokubukeka kwabo. Iningi lalezi zidalwa ezimboze i-carapace zinokuthula futhi azinangozi ngokuphelele. Kepha kukhona phakathi kwezimpungushe nabantu abanolaka impela. Olunye lwezinhlobo ezikwazi ukubonisa ubudlova yi-caiman noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi eMelika, ufudu oluzayo.
Ukubukeka
Ubude bomzimba walezi zilwane buqhamuka ku-20 kuye ku-47 cm. Isisindo samafudu e-cayman angafinyelela ku-15 futhi aze afike kumakhilogremu angama-30, noma kunjalo, ikakhulukazi abantu abakhulu batholakala ngokungatheni phakathi kwabamele bale nhlobo. Ngokuyisisekelo, amafudu anjalo asuka ku-4,5 kuya ku-16 kg. Lesi silwanyana esidabukisayo sibukeka sihle impela: sinomzimba wesitoko onama-paws anamandla futhi aqinile, kepha ikhanda lawo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, alilikhulu, licishe libe yindilinga ngokuma. Amehlo, aguqulwe cishe emaphethelweni we-muzzle, mancane kodwa acwebile. Amakhala futhi mancane futhi akubonakali kalula.
Kepha imihlathi yesifufula se-cayman inamandla amakhulu futhi anamandla. Ngokubonga kubo, lesi silwane singabamba inyamazane yaso, bese kuthi ngemihlathi efanayo sifake amanxeba amabi kothile obezama ukuhlekisa noma ukumhlasela. Isiqongqangi se-cayman tortoiseshell sinombala onsundu futhi sakha imigqa emithathu yama-keels, okwenza kubonakale sengathi sehlukaniswe imicu emithathu yokusiza. Kulokhu, ingaphezulu lemichilo lifinyelela phezulu kwegobolondo indawo ephakeme eyisicaba ngendlela yesiteji esincane ngobubanzi.
Ingxenye engehla yegobolondo la reptile ihlala imbozwe ngodaka, usilika futhi imvamisa imigobongo yamagobolondo ihlala kuyo. Lokhu kusiza ufudu ukuthi luzingele, futhi luzifihle ngokwengeziwe. Lapho ufudu lwe-cayman lulele ezansi, lungcwatshwe ngotshani, akukho lula ukubona, futhi, futhi, ngaphezulu kwalokho, i-carapace yayo futhi imbozwe ngengubo emnyama eluhlaza okwethoni ye-algae, kanye namagobolondo amaningi ezinombumbulu omncane angabonakala ku-carapace, awukwazi ngisho ukuyibona. lokho kubizwa, phuzu kungenalutho. Ingxenye engezansi yegobolondo incane, ibunjiwe.
Ngasemuva, onqenqemeni lwegobolondo le-carapace, kukhona imibungu enesimo samazinyo sawubona azungezwe ngokuqinile. Umsila mude futhi unemisipha; ubude bawo buphakathi kwengxenye yomzimba wesilwane. Ngokwesisekelo kukhulu futhi kukhulu, ngasekupheleni kunamandla kakhulu futhi kuqondile ukukopisha. Ingaphezulu limbozwe umucu wesikali se-spiky bone. Ekhanda nasentanjeni kukhona nezikali ngendlela yama-spikes, yize incane kunasemsileni. Izinyawo zalesilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyafana ngokufana nemilenze yendlovu: zinamandla ngokulinganayo futhi ngesimo zifana namakholomu aminyene, lapho umzimba omkhulu uphumula khona negobolondo elincane ngokuqhathaniswa nalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Emvelweni wemvelo, kuyaqabukela ukuthola abantu balolu hlobo olungaba ngaphezu kuka-14 kg. Kepha ekudingisweni ngenxa yokuqolwa ngokweqile ngezikhathi ezithile, ezinye izimfudu ze-cayman zifinyelela isisindo esingama-30 kg noma ngaphezulu.
Lenhlobo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo inezinhlaka eziqinile futhi ezinamandla. Kepha ufudu lwe-caiman alukaze lusebenzise ukuzivikela kwabazingeli, futhi, futhi, njengesikhali sokuhlasela. Ngosizo lwabo, umba kuphela noma isihlabathi, futhi kuyaqabukela aphathe inyamazane asebambile. Umbala womzimba uphuzi ngokuphuzi, ovamvana nge-brownish tint. Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhanda, kanye nengxenye engenhla yentamo, isiqu, imilenze nomsila, kupendiwe ngemibala emnyama, kanti phansi kuyakhanya, kuphuzi.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Isifufula iCayman sihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, futhi sichitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini. Ungahlangana nalezi zilwane kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuze kube nguNovemba, lapho sezisebenza. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokumelana nokubandayo kwabo, la mafudu ngisho nasebusika angakwazi ukuhamba ngaphansi kweqhwa aze akhasa phezu kwalo uma kunesidingo.
AmaCayman afudulela ukuphumula, elele emijondolo, angcwatshwe ngesilika futhi ngezikhathi ezithile anikina amakhanda awo emanzini ngaphandle kwentamo yawo ende ukuze agwinye umoya omusha. Azikhuphukeli phezulu endaweni yokugcina amanzi kaningi; zithanda ukuhlala phansi. Kepha ogwini lwalezi ezihubhayo uvame ukubona, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi lapho ehamba emhlabathini ukuze abekele amaqanda.
Ebusika, amafudu we-caiman achitha ngaphansi kwedamu, angcwatshwe kusilika futhi acashe phakathi kwezimila zasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokumangazayo, abantu balolu hlobo abahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zohlobo lwabo kungenzeka bangaphefumuli ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenkathi i-ice ligcinwa emfuleni noma echibini. Ngalesi sikhathi, bathola umoya-mpilo ngokuphefumula ngaphandle.
Imvamisa lokhu kuholela ekutheni entwasahlobo ufudu lube ne-hypoxia, okungukuthi, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo emzimbeni. Ngomhlaba, lezi zilwane zingahamba amabanga amade lapho zidinga ukuya komunye umzimba wamanzi noma ufudu lukhetha indawo ekahle yokubeka amaqanda.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ososayensi ngesikhathi sokuhlola bathola ukuthi izimfudu ze-cayman ziyakwazi ukuzwa amandla kazibuthe omhlaba, ngakho-ke zikwazi ukuhamba kahle emkhathini futhi zingaphambuki endleleni yazo ekhethiwe.
Isifufula se-caiman sinolaka kuphela uma kunesidingo: singakuluma uma sibanjiwe noma siqala ukuklolodela, kepha, njengomthetho, akuyona eyokuqala ukuhlasela ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kulokhu, lesi silwane esinomnyakazo obukhali siphonsa ikhanda ngaphambili, bese siqala ngokuxwayisa isitha esinamandla ngokushaya okulimazayo nokuhlwitha imihlathi. Uma engabuyeli emuva, ukulunywa yisilwane sangempela.
Isifufula seCaiman kwesinye isikhathi siphatha abantu ngokungathathi hlangothi, sithathe indawo yokubheka futhi siqaphe izenzo zabo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kungakhombisa ilukuluku, ngokwesibonelo, kumuntu ogeza. Kwenzeka ukuthi lezi ezihuquzelayo zibhukuda kubantu futhi zikhahle ubuso babo ebusweni. Uma umuntu ethuka futhi eqala ukwenza umsindo, khona-ke lesi silwane singathuka futhi sikhombise ulaka, sinqume ukuthi umuntu ongaziwa amesongele. Uma lesi silwanyana esidliwayo sihlala ekuthunjweni, khona-ke asizizwa sithanda umnikazi waso, futhi kwesinye isikhathi singaba nolaka kulo, yize ama-amateurs aqukethe lawo emizini yawo yasekhaya aqaphela ukuthi izimfudu ze-caiman zilalela kakhulu futhi zingakwazi ngisho funda ukwenza amaqhinga alula.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesimo sabo esizimele nesisolisayo, amafudu e-cayman angaluma ngisho nomnikazi wawo uma ecabanga ukuthi isenzo somnikazi siwabeka engcupheni. Lapho ugcina lezi zilwane, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ufudu lwe-cayman lunentambo ende kakhulu futhi eguquguqukayo nokusabela okuhle kakhulu, sibonga ukuthi ingaphonsa ikhanda layo ngaphandle ngaphansi kwegobolondo ngejubane lombani ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuthatha lokhu okuphezulu ezandleni zayo.
Incazelo
Isifufula iCayman sinekhanda elikhulu elinemihlathi enamandla. Ufudu lungaluma kalula amathambo amancane, okufaka ukulunywa ngumunwe womuntu. Ufudu olulalayo luphawuleka nge-antenna ebizwe buthakathaka ku-chin (i-1 pair), amashubhu abushelelezi anjengewart entanyeni nasemilenzeni.
Ubude begobolondo lesifufula se-cayman buyi-20-36 cm (ubukhulu bufika kuma-49.4 cm), isisindo esingu-4.5-16 kg (ukuya kuma-34 kg). I-Carapax yemibala ehlukene yombala onsundu nephethini ku-scutellum ngayinye kubantu abasha, imbozwe njalo nge-algae nosilika, inezintambo ezintathu zama-keels ashiwo buthaka, afakwe emsila. Imithambo ye-keel ephakathi emaphethelweni e-vertebral itholakala eduze komaphethelo wamaphethelo. Umngcele wangemuva we-carapace ubonakala ngokusobala. Isihlangu esingaphansi (i-plastiki) asimbozi umkhawulo wefudu. Uphuzi omnyama, kwesinye isikhathi umnyama, mncane futhi umfishane. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane, umgodi wabo ongcolile udluliselwa emuva emuva kunowesifazane, ngaphesheya komngcele we-carapace. Futhi, iplastron yabesilisa incane futhi inamabhuloho amancane.
Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba omkhulu wesifufula se-cayman asihambani ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwegobolondo, ikhanda, intamo nomsila omude kuhlala kuhlala kuvulekile. Ngakho-ke, zivikelwe izimpondo ezinamandla zophondo. Umsila ubude obufanayo ne-carapace. Ine-keel eyenziwe nge-serated, enamigqa emithathu noma ngaphezulu yezinqubo zamathambo, enkulu kunazo zonke emugqeni ophakathi. Isikali esandisiwe samuva emsileni sibukeka kancane. Kunokuphuma okuningi entanyeni. Izinyawo zimnyama ngenhla futhi ziphuzi ngaphansi, zimbozwe yizimbali eziningi eziphuma ngaphandle kwe-warty. Izinzwani zimnyama, zinezikhafu eziqinile.
Habitat
Ngokwemvelo, indawo yokuhlala kwesifudumezi se-cayman yizingxenye eziseningizimu nasempumalanga ye-USA neCanada. Futhi, ufudu lwalethwa eChina, eJapan, eTaiwan. E-USA, le nhlobo inyuka ezintabeni ifinyelela ku-2000m ngaphezu kolwandle. I-turtle ithanda izidumbu zamanzi ahlanzekile anezimila eziningi kanye nezansi ezinodaka ezithambile, kepha futhi zingatholakala emanzini amvulekile. Isifufula seCayman sehlise kakhulu emazingeni okushisa, kwesinye isikhathi sihlala sisebenza nasebusika. Kuholela ikakhulukazi empilweni yasemanzini, kwesinye isikhathi uthanda ukukhululeka kumakhwapha afudumele, imvamisa ukucasha kusilika, okuphuma kuwo kuphela nasemakhaleni. Imvamisa uchitha isikhathi emanzini angajulile, kepha angakwazi ukungena ngokujulile aze afike ekujuleni, uhlale lapho isikhashana.
I-Hibernation
Ubusika busetshenziswa hibernation, ungcwatshwe kusilika, ucashe phakathi kwemfucumfucu yesitshalo noma ngaphakathi kwezindlu zemaskkrat, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nasemhlabeni. Izimpofana zeCayman zingena kuwo ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba futhi zivuke ngo-Ephreli. Imvamisa balale eduze kwalesi sikhathi esinika umoya-mpilo. Indawo ye-hibernation kufanele iqine kuqala futhi ibe thaw kuqala. Kwesinye isikhathi ubusika ngamaqembu ngisho nangezinye izinhlobo zamfudu. Ama-turtles alwa nembandela ebanda kakhulu futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba wawo lingawehla liye ku-1-2 C, kepha uma ufudu lubanda, luzokufa. Ngokushisa kwe-5-7 ° C, izimfudu zishiya ubusika bazo bese ziqala ukondla ngo-15 ° C. Izinga lokushisa elilungele bona lingama-28 C.
Naphezu kokuphikiswa okuchaziwe kwesifufula se-caiman kuya emazingeni okushisa aphansi nokubuka kwamafudu asebenzayo ahamba emanzini ngaphansi kweqhwa noma akhasa eqhweni, ukumelana kwawo nokuqandeka kwakuphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izirhubuluzi ezivela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho nezishisayo. Izimfudu ezincane ze-cayman zingena esigabeni sezinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingakwazi ukubekezelela ukubonwa kwesikhashana kwezikhathi zokushisa ngaphansi kuka-0 ° C, ukuqandeka kwesikhumba neminye imisipha emathanjeni, kodwa zife uma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-2 ° C amahora amaningi kanye nokuqandeka kwezitho zangaphakathi nokugeleza kwegazi kuyeke. Umphumela ongcono kakhulu wokusinda lapho eqandisiwe e-Chelydra snachina encane engama-60% abasindile ezinsukwini ezi-3 ku-2,5 ° C. [*]
Ama-turney eCaiman angama-omnivores. Bazingela ekuseni nakusihlwa, mhlawumbe ebusuku. Zidlela izinhlanzi ezifile nezisha, izinyoni ezinamanzi amancane, ama-invertebrates, izinyoka, ama-amphibians, izibungu, izimfudu ezincane, u-carrion nezitshalo zasemanzini. Izitshalo zakha ingxenye yesilinganiso kubantu bemvelo. Ekudingisweni, izimfudu zidla izitshalo zasemanzini kanye ulethisi, inhlanzi, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (amagundane, amagundane) nezinyoni (izinkukhu), kanye namasele, izibungu, izinambuzane.
Ufudu ulinde isisulu saso sifihlwe kusilika noma udoti, noma ngokucophelela futhi sicishe sizihudulekele isisulu saso, senze ukuhlaselwa okubukhali futhi okunamandla ngokubanjwa kwesisulu ngemihlathi enamandla.
Ukuzala
Ama-turtles avuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka eyi-17 kuya kwengama-20 ubude bawo buyi-14,5 cm noma ngaphezulu. Imvamisa, izinsikazi zihamba umhlaba ziya endaweni yokuzalanisa, etholakala kude nalapho zihlala khona. Imvamisa abesifazane bahambela izindawo ukuthola izidleke kanye nezimfudu ezincane ngesikhathi sokuhlala kabusha. Isifufula saseCayman siyakwazi ukuthatha uhambo olude emanzini (ama-2-3 km bese sibuyela emuva amahora amaningi) nasemhlabeni - ngenkathi sibeka amaqanda, siphinde sakhiwe noma sithole umthombo omusha lapho owedlule ungaphezulu kakhulu noma umile.
Ukuzalanisa kuthatha ngo-Ephreli-Meyi kuya kuSepthemba-Novemba, inani eliphakeme lesikhathi sokuzalelwa kweqanda liba ngoJuni. Abesilisa bahlela ukuthi kube nokulwa okunobudlova, lapho nowesifazane angahlupheka khona. Isiko lenkambiso: Ukusondelana kowesilisa nowesifazane kuyasondelana kancane kancane, kuyajuluka. Lapho-ke bayakwazi ukuma isikhathi eside, belule izintamo zabo futhi bathintane ngamakhala abo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi zibukisisa amakhanda abo ngasohlangothini, ngezindlela ezihlukile komunye nomunye. Noma, bobabili owesilisa nowesifazane bashaya amanzi emakhaleni, okwenza ukuba babonwe. Lapho owesilisa esevele ehlezi kowesifazane, ucindezela ikhanda lakhe ekhanda noma abambe futhi abambe isikhumba sentamo yakhe nemihlathi. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Isici salawa mafudu ukuthi abantu besifazane bangagcina isidoda sowesilisa iminyaka eminingana. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba bazale izingane lapho sezimi ngomumo.
Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda enhlabathini enesihlabathi elula enezimila ezincane nezimfucumfucu zezitshalo. Insikazi ingathatha isikhathi eside ukukhetha indawo yokubeka, futhi ukuyikhetha kuvame ukubeka amaqanda iminyaka eminingi lapho. Esidlekeni, okuyi-fossa eyindilinga enobubanzi obungu-10-18 cm, kuze kufinyelele kuma-11-83 (imvamisa engama-20-30) amaqanda ayindilinga enobubanzi obungu-21-35 mm, anesisindo esingu-7-15 g ukusuka entathakusa kuze kube semini, angabekwa. Isidleke kwesinye isikhathi sithatha isimo se-boiler esinezimbotshana eziphansi; ukusuka ngezansi, ekhoneni, umgodi omncane kuholela egumbini lamaqanda ngokujula kwamamitha ayi-10- 13. ubukhulu besidleke buya ngosayizi sowesifazane. Lapho kubekwa, iqanda ngalinye eliphuma ku-cloaca litholwa futhi lijikelezwe ngemilenze yangemuva kwalo, bese libeka kahle phansi ezansi kwegumbi lokudlela. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, amafudu we-caiman awenzi buso ikakhulukazi. Amaqanda abekwe angacindezelwa futhi abe nesikhwama somoya esikhulu. Kukhona i-clutch eyodwa kuphela ngenkathi.
Ukufakwa ngaphakathi, kuye ngesimo sezulu, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-55-130. Izinga lokushisa lokufakwa ngaphakathi lingama-25-30 C kumswakama ongaba ngu-90%. I-Wet vermiculite enesilinganiso esingu-1: 1 ngamanzi singasetshenziswa njengesiyingi sendawo ku-incubator. Ubulili befudu buxhomekeke ekushiseni komoya. Amazinga okushisa angama-20-2С, 23-24 С abesilisa ababhinca, ku-29-31 С - abesifazane kuphela. Ekushiseni okungu-21-28 - abesilisa nabesilisa. Noma: abesifazane ngenhla kwe-30 C nangaphansi kwe-20 C, nabesilisa kusuka ku-22 kuye ku-28.
Ubude bamafudu abanjiwe buyi-2,5 cm cm. AmaJuetiles aphuma kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, amafudu ahlanjiwe ahlala ebusika ebusika. Ama-invertebrates amancane nenani elikhulu lezimila eziluhlaza zisebenza njengokudla kwezimbungu ezincane. Njengoba bekhula, ubukhulu bokukhiqizwa kwabo buba banda nangaphezulu.
ITerrarium
Ukuze ulondoloze ufudu lwe-cayman, udinga i-aquaterrarium enkulu enezindawo zokukhosela ufudu, kodwa olungamanzi aphansi, ukuze ufudu luphefumulele phansi. Ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi okuhle kuyadingeka, kanti ukwakheka kwamanzi akubalulekile. Njengoba izimfudu ze-cayman ziqinile, zingakwazi ukumba yonke i-aquarium, ngakho-ke akufanele utshale izitshalo kuyo. Kepha inhlabathi eyisilika noma enesihlabathi iyanxaneleka. I-turtle ihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku obusebusuku, ngakho-ke, ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomoya elidingekayo ebusuku, amalitha okushisa anombala we-infrared angasetshenziswa. Isifufula sihamba kancane futhi akuvamile ukuthi siye emhlabeni, kepha ukuba khona komhlaba kuyanconywa. Ukondla amafudu e-cayman kwenziwa kangcono ngokwehlukana. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi i-heater zamanzi, noma ukubenza bangeneki kumfudu, okuzobalimaza impela. Ngenxa yobudlova balesi silwane, kungcono ukungagcini abantu abangaphezu kuka-1-2 (ngosayizi abalinganayo nobulili obuhlukile) bale nhlobo e-aquaterrarium.
Ama-turtles aphumela ekubhaceni elangeni, kepha achithe isikhathi esiningi nomthunzi. Uhla lwe-UVI kubo luyisilinganiso esingu-0.85-1.8, isilinganiso esingu-2.0-5.2 (umkhawulo we-2-3rd Ferguson zone). Amahora wemini ehlobo - amahora ayi-14, ebusika - amahora ayi-10. Ukushisa komoya kosuku i-22-30 C ngokushisa ngaphansi kwesibani (endaweni yokushisa) 35 C.
Emvelweni, ama-cayman afudulela ubusika emhlabathini phansi kwechibi, kanti amanye aze afike nasemhlabathini. Ubusika benzeka kusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba noma ekuqaleni kukaNovemba kuya kuMashi-Ephreli, emazingeni okushisa angama-5 ° C. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-8 ° C, izimfudu ziqala ukuvuka. Ukudla kuqala emazingeni okushisa angaphezulu kuka-15 C. Ama-specimens amancane angenza ngaphandle kwengozi empilweni ngaphandle kobusika e-aquaterrarium evuthayo.
Ehlobo, ufudu olulalayo lungagcinwa echibini elibiyelwe ehlobo.
Ulwazi Olwengeziwe
Ama-Cayman turtles angabhukudi abahle kakhulu, abanye bangabhukuda kude nendawo abahlala kuyo ngo-2-3 km, babuye ezindaweni zabo zomdabu ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa. Emhlabeni, ufudu luhamba kancane futhi ngokucophelela, luphakamisa umzimba walo ngaphezu komhlabathi.
Lezi zifudu zinolaka kakhulu futhi zingakuluma ngokungathi sína uma zibanjiwe noma zidelelwa. Kuyadingeka ukuzicosha ngemuva kwe-carapace futhi uyibambe iqine kakhulu, unikezwe isisindo namandla ale mafudu. Imvamisa ababoni umuntu futhi bamphatha budlabha. Ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa, ufudu lwenduna luvusa umhlane womzimba belungiselela ukuphonsa ikhanda ngomlomo luvulekile. Izimfudu zasendle zibanjwa ngemuva kwegobolondo, imilenze yangemuva, emncane hhayi esindayo kakhulu - ngumsila. Kwesinye isikhathi ufudu lukhipha uketshezi olunephunga elibukhali emithanjeni yesikhumba ye-inguinal.
Ama-cayman aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika ahlukaniswe ngokwendawo nangokwezakhi zofuzo (ukuhlaziywa kwe-mitochondrial DNA) ahluke kakhulu kuma-turtles avela e-USA naseCanada. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyahlukahluka futhi zinamandla kunezingosi ezimbili zaseNyakatho Melika, ezisivumela ukuthi sikhulume ngemigqa emithathu yamafudu e-cayman: I-Chelydra snakeina, Ch. URossignoni noCh. acutirostris. Noma morphologic Ch. inyoka inyoka ifana kakhulu ne Ch. acutirostris kanye Ch. inyoka osceola - no Ch. rossignoni.
Zingaki izimpungushe ze-cayman ezihlala
Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, amafudu we-caiman angaphila iminyaka eyi-100, kepha ekudingisweni lezi ezihuquzelayo, njengomthetho, ziphila cishe iminyaka engama-60. Hhayi-konke, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akuvamile ukuba njalo ukudala izimo ezifanele kakhulu kubo emibuthanweni yasekhaya, ngoba lezi ezihuqayo zidinga ukugcina umbuso othile wokushisa. Yebo, kanye nezilwane ezihuqayo ngokweqile, ezivame ukwenzeka ekuthunjweni, nazo akunagalelo ekuthini ziphile isikhathi eside izimfudu ze-cayman.
26.08.2019
I-Cayman ufudu, noma ufudu olumaayo (lat. Chelydra snakeina) inomlingisi onolaka. Uhlala ehlasela abantu futhi angabalimaza kakhulu. Ukuze azivikele, ushaya imihlathi ebukhali enamandla futhi asebenzisa imilenze eqinile eshisiwe. Izilwane ngazinye zinesisindo esingama-30 kg futhi zibeka engcupheni abantu uqobo. Kodwa-ke, amacala eminwe elunyiwe awabhaliswanga ngokusemthethweni, ngokungafani nesifudumezi se-alligator (Macrochelys temminckii).
Ukuzivikela, ngokushesha uphonsa ikhanda lakhe entanyeni ende ebheke esitheni. Kunzima impela ukubona ukuhlaselwa kwakhe okungalindelekile, futhi ngemikhuba yayo, i-reptile ikhumbuza kakhulu iCaimans.
Umsila wakhe omude ufana nezingwenya, umenza afane nezimbabazane.
Ukubhebhetheka
Indawo yokuhlala isuka ezifundazweni eziseningizimu yeCanada kanye nasezindaweni ezisempumalanga nephakathi kwe-US kuya eMexico nase-Ecuador. Ngaseningizimu, umngcele wobubanzi unqamula ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zePeru neColombia.
Isifufula iCayman sihlala ikakhulu emanzini angajulile kumachibi, amachibi, imifudlana nemifula egeleza kancane. Incamela imizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile enobuningi obungenasici nosawoti wasogwini oluningi. Imvamisa, izidalwa ezihuquzelayo ziqapheleka emilanjeni enamanzi angaboli.
Kunezindawo ezingaphansi ezi-4. Ukubhaliswa okungamagama okuvamile kujwayelekile esifundazweni saseCanada iNovava naseMpumalanga Melika ngaphandle kwezifunda zaseGeorgia nezaseFlorida. I-subspecies uChelydra inyoka osceola ehlala kuyo.
EMexico, eBelize, eGuatemala naseCosta Rica, izinkampani ezingaphansi kweChelydra inyoka yaziwa kakhulu, kanti nase-Ecuador naseColombia uChelydra snorina acutirostris.
Ufudu lwakhishwa ama-amateurs emachibini aseSouthern Europe naseChiba Prefecture eJapan. Manje kubhekwa njengohlobo oluhlaselayo emazweni amaningana aseYurophu. Ngo-2011, umuntu oyedwa onesisindo esingama-20 kg wabanjwa eduze kwaseRoma. Inani labantu baseJapan lidlula izilwane eziyi-1000. E-China, batshalwa emapulazini abakhethelwe inyama yefudu.
Ukuziphatha
Ufudu olulalayo uhola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Enyakatho yebanga, iphuma emanzini ekuseni bese ithatha ilanga. Lapho sekufudunyeziwe kahle, indawo yokuhlala lapho iya kudla iyofuna ukudla. Izakhamizi zaseningizimu kwesinye isikhathi zishiya izingodo eziwele emanzini. Umsebenzi uyaziveza ngesikhathi sasemini.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zingazingela kumqashi noma zibhukude ukuze zibambe inyamazane yazo. Babhukuda ngokushesha okukhulu futhi bayakwazi ukweqa inyamazane engaba khona ebangeni eliseduze, bayibambe ngophonsa ngokushesha kombani. Kwesinye isikhathi ufudu lwe-caiman luzingela izilwane ezincane emhlabeni.
Imvamisa balala emanzini angajulile, belula intamo ende. Kuphela kungamakhalekhala asesiqwini sesifonyo esihlala ngaphezulu kwamanzi.
Izitha zemvelo zingama-coyotes (ama-Canis latrans), amabhere amnyama (i-Ursus americanus) nama-alligators (Alligator). Okokuqala, izingane ezincane zivulelwa ingozi. Abantu abakhulu abavamile ukuhlaselwa izitha.
Isifufula seCayman siyabanda. Kwezinye izifunda, ezinye izirhubuluzi azizifihli yize imifula imbozwe yiqhwa.
Bahlala bekhuthele ebusika bonke. Ngesikhathi hibernation, izilwane zingcwatshwa kulelifulethi futhi zihlala zikule ndawo izinyanga ezi-6.
Ukuphefumula ngaphandle kwe-extrapulmonary. Bakhipha amakhanda abo odakeni, bavumele igesi ukuba idlule kuloluchopho lomphimbo nomlomo. Uma le ndlela ingabasizi ukuthi bathole umoya-mpilo owanele, khona-ke isinambuzane sisebenzisa indlela ye-anaerobic, ukushisa amanoni noshukela. Kulokhu, ngentwasahlobo, imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngemithi yokudla emzimbeni inqwabelana emzimbeni wakhe, ethinta inhlala-kahle yakhe.
Umsoco
UCayman Turtle Omnivore. Ukudla kuqukethe ikakhulukazi ukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane. Imenyu yansuku zonke ifaka izinhlanzi, ama-amphibians, ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane, izinyoka, izimfudu ezincane kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo. Abantu abadala bahlasela i-waterfowl, kuyilapho abasha bedla i-fry, inhlanzi kanye ne-cogar cogar.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, ezihuquzelayo zidla izitshalo zasendle kanye nezasemanzini, ikakhulukazi i-Elodea (Elodea), ichibi (Potamogeton), i-buckwheat (Polygonum), iminduze yamanzi (Nymphaea), i-duckweed (Lemna), ikhathaza (typha), iWallisneria (Vallisneria) nymphaea, (Wolffia) kanye ne-mollusk (Najas).
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo azideleli ukugcwala. Ukufuna ukudla kwenzeka ikakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
UCayman ufudu uhlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu mpumalanga yeCanada, kanye nasezifundeni ezisempumalanga nezisenkabeni ye-United States. Kwakuvame ukutholakala ukuthi batholakala eningizimu - khona kanye eColombia nase-Ecuador. Kepha njengamanje, izimfudu eziningi, ezifana neCayman futhi ezihlala eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, zibekwe ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezihlukile.
Imvamisa, ihlala echibini, emifuleni noma emachibini anezimanzi zasemanzini kanye naphansi olunodaka lapho ithanda ukumba nalapho ilindela khona ubusika. Abanye abantu batholakala emanzini angagcotshwa emilonyeni yemifula.
Ukudla kweCaiman Tortoise
Lesi sidalwa esidliwayo esidliwayo sidla ama-invertebrates, izinhlanzi, ama-amphibians, kanye nezinye ezihuquzelayo, ngisho nezinyoka nezimfudu ezincane zezinye izinhlobo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, zingabamba inyoni engenandaba noma isilwanyana esincane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isifutho, njengokomthetho, silalela inyamazane yaso, sicashe endaweni yokuqamekela, futhi lapho isondela, siyibamba ngokushesha ngemihlathi yayo enamandla.
Ama-Caiman turtles awazideleli izimila zohlobo lwe-carrion nezitshalo zasemanzini, kepha azihlanganisi ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwazo.
Izitha zemvelo
Kukholelwa ukuthi ufudu lwe-cayman lunezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso. Kuyiqiniso, yidlanzana nje elingesabisa abantu abadala bale nhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, njenge-coyote, ibhere elimnyama laseMelika, i-alligator, kanye nesihlobo esiseduze kakhulu somvini, i-vulture. Kepha kumaqanda abekwe kuye nayizilo ezisencane, amahliki, izindunduma, izigebenga, izimpungushe, izindlanzana, iminyovane, amabhungane, amankonyane, izikhova, ama-martens, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, izinyoka ngisho namasele amakhulu ayingozi. Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi ama-otter aseCanada angakwazi ngisho nokuzingela izimfudu ezindala ze-cayman.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimfudu ezindala ze-caiman, ezifike kumasayizi amakhulu kakhulu, akuvamile ukuba kube yinto ehlaselwa ngabazingeli, ngakho-ke ukushona kwemvelo phakathi kwabo kuphansi kakhulu.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Njengamanje, ufudu lwe-caiman lubhekwa njengezinhlobo ezivamile futhi lunikezwe isimo "Okuxakile Okungakhathazeki".. Kodwa-ke, eCanada lolu hlobo luvikelekile ngoba indawo yokuhlala kwamafudu e-cayman angcoliseka kalula futhi ingathinteka kakhulu yizakhi ze-anthropogenic noma zezemvelo. ICayman Turtle isilwane esithandekayo futhi esiyingqayizivele. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo lubhekwa njengolunolaka, luhlasela kuphela uma kunengozi, kuthi-ke ngaphambi kokuhlasela isitha, luzame ukuvimbela ukulingiswa nokulingiswa okubonakalayo kokulunywa.
Kodwa-ke, eMelika, abantu bayazesaba lezi zilwane futhi akuvamile ukubhukuda ezindaweni zokugcina lapho kuhlala khona izimpofane ze-cayman. Kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, iningi labathandi bezilwane ezihlukile zibabheka njengezilwane ezihehayo kakhulu futhi ngentokozo bagcina lezi zilwanyana ezindlini zabo ezindaweni ezothusayo.