I-squirrel iyisilwane esihle se-fluffy, umlingiswa oqondile kwezinganekwane nezincwadi zezingane. Kepha ngisho lesi silwane esithanda ukuthula ekuqaleni sibukeka sinasohlangothini olumnyama ...
Ama-squirrels aluhlobo lwamagundane omndeni we-squirrel. Njengamagundane amaningi, lezi zilwane zingama-herbivores. Zidla kuma-buds kanye namahlumela amancane ezihlahla, amajikijolo, amakhowe. Iningi lawo ama-squirrels ancamela ukudla amantongomane nembewu yama-conifers. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi lezi zilwane ezinhle ezi-fluffy ziphenduka izitha ezinolaka futhi zize zibe ngama-scavenger ...
Isisulu se-squirrel
Izazi zezemvelo kanye nezazi zemvelo ezifuna ukwazi nje ngeke zikuvumele uqambe amanga: ngezikhathi ezithile leli qwele lizingela futhi lidle ezinye izilwane. Izisulu zesilo esine-fluffy zingaba ngamagundane amancane, izinyoni ezinamachwane, ezihuquzelayo.
Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, kwaqoshwa amacala lapho i-squirrel ithola undlunkulu, noma, njengekati langempela, lokuzingela amagundane. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoka ezinobuthi zize zibe yizisulu zazo! Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane kwesinye isikhathi asisidli sonke isidumbu, kepha kudliwa yingqondo kuphela. Njenge-zombie.
Yini edonsa induku yokuzingela? Cabanga ngomuntu onemifino. Wazinika isifungo sokudla ama-asparagus kuphela neklabishi. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, umzimba udinga amavithamini athile kanye namaminerali angatholakali ekudleni kwezitshalo. Futhi-ke oyimifino ekholisekile isusa induku ye-sausage efiselekayo emigqonyeni yefriji :)
Kwenzeka into efanayo ne-squirrel. Akusikhona njalo ukuthi angathola izakhamzimba ezifanele emikhiqizweni yamakhambi. Noma egcekeni ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amabhini amadala eseqediwe, futhi akukho lutho oludliwayo. Lapho-ke i-rodent iyaphoqelelwa ukuba idla inyama.
Usuvele ngokudelela okuqaphile, bheka squirrel esidlala epaki yedolobha? Ngiphuthuma ukuqiniseka :) Ngokwezikhathi eziningi, i-rodent isebenzisa izinambuzane. Izinyoni, amagundane, kanye nezinye izinyoka akuvamile ukuba yizisulu zobudlova be-squirrel.
I-squirrel isusa izimbangi
Ngesinye isikhathi, i-rodent ibulala esinye isilwane, kodwa hhayi ngenhloso yokudla, kepha ukususa isincintisana semithombo yokudla. Njengoba ibhubesi libhubhisa ama-hyenas, impisi yezimpungushe noma i-orca yoshaka abamhlophe, kanjalo ne-squirrel isusa izimbangi: izinyoni, amalulwane nezinye izinduku.
Isibonelo, isigameko eTanzania saziwa kabanzi. Isazi sezilwane sendawo sabona ukuhlaselwa kwengwejeje enamaphiko aseValberg. Isilwane silume isisulu amahlandla amaningi, bese siyiphonsa emhlabeni. Ukushayisana kwakudalwa yizithelo ezingahlanganyelwa yizilwane.
Futhi, imbangela yokuhlukunyezwa kwamaprotheni maqondana nezinye izilwane kungaba ukuvikela kwensimu yawo. I-rodent ihlasela umuntu ongayazi futhi kwesinye isikhathi ayibali amandla ayo. Enye imbangela yokuhlukumezeka - umama we-squirrel uvikela inzalo yakhe.
I-squirrel idla u-carrion
Entwasahlobo yokuqala, lapho kudliwa izinto ezindala, futhi ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala akukho ukudla okusha noma okuncane, iprotheni iphinda ihlelwe kabusha ukuze ibe nge-scavenger. Udla ngokuzithandela izinsalela zezilwane ezingasindanga ebusika noma zibe yizisulu zabaphangi. Kwindawo efanayo, ngendlela, amahashi abanjwa. Ezikhathazekile kwesinye isikhathi nazo zidla ngokuthwalwa.
Futhi squirrels gnaw ezimpondweni zezinyamazane nezelk. Futhi bakwenza unyaka wonke, hhayi entwasahlobo nje. Izimpondo zingumthombo wamaminerali abalulekile kuzo.
Ukubukeka
Lesi silwane ngokujwayelekile siyis squirrel ngokubukeka, sincane, sinomsila omude we-fluffy. I-squirrel yasePheresiya incane kunejwayelekile, futhi ijazi laso lifushane. Ubude bomzimba wakhe buyi-20-25,5 cm, umsila wakhe ungama-cm 13- 172, unesisindo esingu-332- 732 g. Izindlebe zakhe zimfushane (23-31 mm), ngaphandle kweshizi. Umbala ukhanya, ulingana. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba lube noboya obunsundu onsundu, obhontshisi obufufusayo ezinhlangothini, i-ripple encane enombala onsundu noma wesiliva grey iyabonakala kuwo wonke emuva. U-Belly nesifuba - kusuka ekugqwala okugqamile kuya cishe kumhlophe. Umsila kusuka ku-chestnut kuya ku-brown brown. Ebusika, umbala empeleni awuguquki, bese kuba mnyama kuphela emhlane futhi kuphole esiswini. I-squirrel yasePheresiya iveza kabili ngonyaka: ekupheleni kukaMashi- Ephreli kanye kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba.
Ukuhanjiswa kanye Nezinkampani Ezincane
I-squirrel yasePheresiya - isisondeza eMiddle East naseCaucasus isthmus. Ihlala eTranscaucasia, e-Asia Minor naseNtshonalanga Asia nase-Iran, kanye naseziqhingini zaseLesbos naseGokcheada (olwandle i-Aegean). Ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwesimo sezulu, ibanga laso ngesikhathi somlando lidatshulwe laba abantu abane ababodwa abangahlobene komunye nomunye:
- S. a. anomalus - ITranscaucasia (i-Abkhazia, Georgia, inyakatho ye-Armenia ne-Azerbaijan) nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeTurkey,
- S. a. i-syriacus - ugu lwaseMedithera lwaseTurkey, eSyria, kwa-Israyeli, eLebanoni nasenyakatho yeJordani,
- S. a. i-Persino - I-Kurdistan Range (enyakatho ne-Iraq nentshonalanga ye-Iran),
- S. a. fulvus - eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Iran ePersian Gulf (Shiraz).
Ufuna ukwazi konke
Ummbila ungumelele womndeni omkhulu we-marten. Uyisilwane esidla ubhedu futhi esinamakhwela, esikwazi ukunqoba kalula izithiyo ezahlukahlukene ngokuxosha inyamazane, ukugibela ihlathi elingaphezulu phezulu futhi ugibele iziqu zemithi. chestnut kuya nsundu ophuzi.
Ake sibheke kabanzi ngalesi silwane esibalulekile esinezithwele ...
Izithombe 2.
UMarten isilwane esinoboya obukhulu futhi obuthukile, esingagqokwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene onsundu (onsundu omnyama, esifubeni, onsundu ophuzi). Entanyeni, umfela unendawo yomphimbo wethoni ephuzi, eyindilinga ngesimo. Amaphayi amafushane, anamandla amahlanu. Kunezihlakala kwiminwe. Isibaya sibukhali. Izindlebe zimfishane, zinxantathu, zinomucu ophuzi eceleni. Umzimba mncane, umphetho, uphakeme kancane (kusuka ku-45 cm kuya ku-58 cm). Umsila uthambile, mude, ufinyelela engxenyeni yomzimba we-marten (kusuka ku-16 cm kuya ku-28 cm ubude). Isisindo somzimba - kusuka ku-800 g kuya ku-1.8 kg. Abantu besifazane ngokwesilinganiso banciphile ngamaphesenti angama-30 kunabesilisa. Uboya bo marten basebusika bucwebile futhi bude kakhulu kunoboya ehlobo, futhi uboya behlobo bunzima futhi bufushane kunobuhlakani obusika.
Izithombe 3.
Emvelweni kunezinhlobo eziningana zemfelasanyama, ezihlala endaweni yazo ngokwezindawo zazo futhi zinesimo sezulu esishisayo, zisabalalisa ngokuqinile ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala.
- UMartes americana - umfel 'ukholo waseMelika ufakiwe esigabeni sezilwane ezingandile; kubukeka njengesilwane esibulala inyama, ebusuku.
- I-Martes pennanti - i-ilka ithatha izihlahla eziyize, ithanda ukunamathela kumahlathi e-coniffort ehlathi.
- I-Martes foina - i-marten yamatshe ehlala endaweni enkulu kakhulu, imvamisa kunezinye izinhlobo zayo njengento yokuzingela ukukhiqizwa koboya.
- Ama-martes ama-martes - i-pine marten ivame kakhulu eYurophu naseYurophu, ingumthombo wokuthola uboya bezinga eliphakeme.
- Martes gwatkinsii - Umndeni weNartgirian isilwane esiyingqayizivele esihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
- I-Martes zibellina - intambo yinto emide yokuzingela; kwesinye isikhathi yenza uhlobo lwe-hybrid olubizwa ngokuthi i-kidus (ingxubevange yemithi nokubanjwa).
- I-Martes flavigula - i-harza ingelesigaba sezakhamizi zase-Eshiya, ezihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu lapho.
- Martes melampus - Umfel 'ukholo waseJapan ungumthombo woboya ensimini yeziqhingi ezinkulu zaseJapan.
Izithombe 4.
Imithi yaseMelika itholakala ezwenikazi laseMelika.
U-Ilka uthatha i-niche emahlathini aseNyakatho Melika, ahlangana nama-Appalachians (West Virginia) aya eSierra Nevada (California).
Izithombe 12.
U-Ilka - ummeleli omkhulu kakhulu we-marten
I-pine marten ihlanganisa cishe wonke amazwe aseYurophu: ingatholakala isuka eNtshonalanga Siberia iye eBritish Isles enyakatho nokusuka e-Elbrus naseCaucasus iye eMedithera eseningizimu.
Izithombe 9.
Umfele wase-Nilgirian uhlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNdiya, uhlala eWestern Ghat nase-Nilgiri Upland. I-Sable ingumhlali wase-Russian taiga, ohlala endaweni kusukela eLwandlekazi iPacific kuya e-Urals.
Izithombe 5.
Izithombe 6.
Izithombe 8.
Ummbila ophuma esifubeni, noma i-harza, uthanda amazwe afudumele aseMpumalanga naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia, kepha angatholakala naseRussia - e-Far East. Uboya bokubulawa kuka-Ussuri abubalulekile kangako, kepha inhlobo leyo yayisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ibanga le-charza lincane ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu - abantu bashintsha indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo. Izithombe ngu-Yuri Kotyukov.
Izithombe 7.
IHarza itholakala eNhlonhlo YaseKorea, eChina, eTurkey, e-Iran, emaphethelweni aseHimalayan, e-Indochina, eHindustan, eNhlonhlo yeMalay naseGrand Sund Islands. Iphinde imelwe kabanzi ePakistan, Nepal, Georgia, Afghanistan. Kuyenzeka nasendaweni yaseRussia, kuthatha iKhabarovsk kanye nePrimorsky Territories, iSikhote-Alin, isisekelo semifula ye-Ussuri ne-Amurye. Umfela waseJapan ekuqaleni uhlala eziqhingi ezi-3 eziphambili zaseJapan - uKyushu, uShikoku, uHonshu. Ihlala eTsushima, eKorea, eziqhingini zaseSado naseHokkaido.
E-Russia, kunezinhlobo ezinjengalezi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-martens njenge-sable, pine marten, itshe le-marten ne-charza.
I-pine marten idla ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo. Imvamisa lezi ziba ngamagundane ahlukile (amagundane nama-voles). Enye yezisulu ezivame kakhulu zokufelwa ngenxa yamakhambi imvamisa yi-squirrel. Umkhweli udla nama-hares. Ebusika, umhlanga uvame ukuba inyamazane yomphangi. Umkhweli ubuye abambe igogo. Lokhu kuhle kakhulu kubabulewe, lapho ebandayo igoqo lokugibela ligeleza eqhweni leqhwa. Ngalokhu, izinyoni ziyasindiswa eziqandeni ezinzima. Ngalesi sikhathi, abafel 'ukholo bababambe. Lesi silo sizingela i-grouse kuyaqabukela. Lokhu kwenzeka uma umhlaseli ehlushwa kakhulu yindlala. Izinyoni ezisele ezihlala kule marten indawo yokuhlala azinandaba nomhlaseli. Umfelokazi uthanda ukudla kuma-bumblebees, izinyosi, iminyovu. Izibungu zalezi zinambuzane noju lwazo. Ummbila udla ukudla kwezitshalo, kufaka phakathi amajikijolo ahlukahlukene: ama-lingonberry, umlotha wentaba, i-viburnum, i-blueberries, i-hawthorn, i-rose rose, i-bird cherry. Lapho kunamajikijolo amaningi ehlathini kanti amajikijolo awakhuli isikhathi eside, umfelokazi udla wona kuphela futhi akuvamile ukuthi azingele ezinye izilwane.
Isidumbu somfel 'ukholo sithinta ngqo imikhuba yakhe: lesi silwane singahamba kancane noma nje ngokuzumayo (ngaleso sikhathi sokugijima). Umzimba womfelokazi oguqukayo usebenza njengesiphethu esibucayi, okwenza isilwane esibalekayo sikhishwe umzuzwana nje kuphela ezikhaleni zesikhala se-conifers. Umfel 'ukholo ukhetha ukuhlala emahlathini aphakathi naphezulu ehlathi. Ngobuhlakani ugibela izihlahla, ehlikihla ngisho nemifino eqondile emvumela ukuba enze izilenge ezibukhali.
I-pine marten ihola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, ukuzingela emhlabathini nokuchitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni. Umkhongi uhlela izindlu ezihlahleni zezihlahla kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-16 ukuphakama noma ngqo kumqhele wazo. Umfel 'ukholo akagcini nje ngokugwema umuntu ongumuntu, kepha uqoka kuwo. Uhola impilo ehleliwe, ngaphandle kokushintsha indawo yakhe ayithandayo, ngisho nokushoda kokudla. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, ingazulazula ngamaprotheni enza ngezikhathi ezithile ukufuduka kobude obude.
Izithombe 11.
Esikhathini samahlathi ahlala ama-martens, izinhlobo ezimbili zezindawo ziyahlukaniswa: ukuhamba ngezinyawo, lapho kwenzeka khona ngezikhathi ezithile, nokuzingela kwansuku zonke, lapho ama-martens asebenzisa isikhathi esiningi. Ehlobo nasekwindla, ama-martens alawula ingxenye encane yezindawo ezizingelayo zokuzingela, ephila isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinokuqongelela ukudla okukhulu kakhulu. Ebusika, le mingcele inwebeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla, futhi ama-marten anemizila esebenzayo yamafutha. Imvamisa bavakashela izindawo ezinjengezindawo zokukhosela nezindawo zokudlela, bezimaka ngomchamo.
Izithombe 13.
I-Dasyurus viverrinus - I-Spotted Marten
Izithombe 14.
I-Dasyurus viverrinus - I-Spotted Marten
Izithombe 15.
I-Dasyurus viverrinus - I-Spotted Marten
Izithombe 16.
Ngayo yonke indlela yakhe yokuphila, umfene uxhunyiwe ehlathini. Kutholakala emahlathini amaningi amahlathi lapho kukhula khona izihlahla ezihlukile, kepha-ke, zithanda ihlathi lama-spruce nama-pine kanye nezitshalo ezingama-coniffort ezisondele kuzo. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kuyi-spruce-fir, eningizimu - ese-spruce-deciduous, esifundeni saseCaucasus - amahlathi fir-beech.
Ukuze uhlale unomphela, umfel 'ukholo ukhetha izindawo ezinamahlumela amaningi amahlathi amade nezihlahla ezinde, izinkuni ezindala, ezixutshwe nezindawo ezincane zezindawo ezincane ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezinemiphetho emide, nezindawo ezisehlathini ezinezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nokucaca. Kodwa futhi ingahlala ezindaweni ezinamafulethi, emahlathini asezintabeni, lapho itholakala ezigodini zemifula emikhulu nemifula. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-marten azigweme izindawo ezinamadwala, ukubeka. Izindawo zokuhlala zabantu zizama ukuhlala kude, zingena ezindaweni ezihlala amapaki kuphela. Okuwukuphela kwembeswa wetshe, elihlala lihlala ngqo emadolobheni nasemizaneni.
Izithombe 17.
Ama-Marten ayizilwane ezihlasimulisayo, kepha ikakhulukazi adla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (njengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, amagundane asendle kanye nama-squirrels, izinyoni namaqanda awo. Bahlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi banentshisekelo kumagundane, njengesihloko sokuzingela, lawo amakati azama ukudlula ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu. Musa ukudelela ama-martens kanye ne-carrion, izinambuzane, iminenke, amasele, izinyamazane. Ekwindla, ama-martens adla kalula amantongomane, amajikijolo nezithelo. Ekupheleni kwehlobo nakuzo zonke ekwindla, ama-martens abeka ukudla endaweni yokubhuka, okuwusizo kuwo ngenkathi ebandayo.
Izithombe 18.
I-marten yamatshe noma umkhomo omhlophe mncane (ubude bomzimba ngamasentimitha angama-46, umsila angama-24 cm.). Imilenze yakhe imfushane, izindlebe zakhe zincane kunaleya yomfela ojwayelekile. Isilo sinekhanda elide nesihlakala esifushane. Umbala wesidleke ungwevu onsundu nge-undercoat emhlophe nebala elimhlophe esifubeni endaweni lapho khona iphayipayi inendawo ephuzi. Ubude bokunqenqema lwangaphandle lwezinyo le-carnivorous elingaphezulu likhulu kunobubanzi be-tubercle ephezulu, elingaphandle kwe-bilobate yangaphandle.
I-Stone marten itholakala enkabeni yeYurophu, e-Italy ngaphandle kweSardinia, eNgilandi, eSweden naseNtshonalanga Asia (ikakhulukazi ePalestine, eSyria nase-Asia Minor), kutholakala nase-Afghanistan naseHimalayas (okungenani amamitha ayi-1600 ngaphezulu kolwandle). E-Russia, isilo sihlala eCentral Russia, eSiberia. Imbongi nayo iyatholakala eCaucasus.
I-Beast igcinwa eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala kwabantu ngezinqwaba zamatshe, izakhiwo ezindala, izinqolobane kanye nezinqolobane. Umkhweli ugibela kahle ulimaze izinkukhu namaqanda abo. Njengamanye amakholwa, uvame ukubulala izilwane eziningi kakhulu kunalokho angazidla.
Izithombe 20.
ISt marten ithungathwa enyakatho yeRussia kanye naseSiberia ngenja, eye yahlasela ithrekhi yokubulawa kwayo ebusika, yayishayela kuqala ngokukhonkotha emhlabathini, bese kuthi lapho isilo sikhwela esihlahleni, inja ibuke ukunyakaza kwayo. Usomabhizinisi, “ngokukhonkotha kwenja” endaweni lapho kufela khona umfela, ayishaye ihlombe, kepha uma ifihlwe emgodini, igawula isihlahla ikhiphe isilwane emgodini. Lapho imbumbulu, iphunyuka ekuxosheni, igibela inqwaba yesikhukhula somoya, embozwe yiqhwa, khona-ke le ndawo imbiwa emgodini bese uhlangothi olungaphakathi lumbozwe ngenethi yalo, lapho inkolo iwela khona. ESiberia, ama-martens abanjwa yizicupho kanye nesicupho esikhethekile - umlomo, oqukethe isigxobo esiwela isilwane ngaleso sikhathi, lapho sigijima ngaphansi kwesicupho, sithinta i-sim eyeluliwe (intambo emincane, evame ukwenziwa ngehhashi elimhlophe). Imilomo isethelwe emizileni yokufelwa.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-martens afakwa emgodini ngokudla, okungukuthi, inzuzo ngesimo se-hazel grouse noma inyoni encane. Ukudoba kwamaKuniy kuthuthukiswe kakhulu esifundeni saseKuban, lapho izizwe zezintaba zisebenzelana khona: iKarachais, iKabardins, futhi ikakhulukazi i-Abazins. Lapho kudotshwa khona, abasebenza ezintabeni basuka ekhaya ngo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba, kanti iqhwa elinamandla alikaphazamisi ukuhamba kwethimba. Lapho ifika, ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu abantu abane kuya kwabayisithupha futhi bayozingela kuze kube kuphela uFebhuwari noma uMashi. Izicupho ezisetshenziswayo imvamisa zingezindlela zebhodi, uhlangothi olulodwa olucishe lufakwe epokothweni eligxishwe esiqwini sesihlahla. Olunye uhlangothi lubekwe ezigxotsheni ezihanjiswa emhlabathini. Ngohlelo olulodwa, isiheishi (inyama yengulube) sibekwa ebhodini, kanti ummbela uyafa ngenxa yethonya lelinye ibhodi, elifakwe ekhoneni kuya kwelokuqala, esigodini esifanayo. Kwezinye izicupho, isithiyisi siboshelwa ngaphansi kwebhodi, kuthi isigaxa somgwaqo sichotshozwe yisiphambano esindayo, silinganiswe nezibalo ezifanayo lapho ibhodi libekwe khona.
Izithombe 21.
Iqembu labazingeli abangama-20-40 likhiqiza ama-martens angama-500 noma ngaphezulu ebusika. Ukuzingela ukholo kuCaucasus kuyenziwa ngokusebenzisa izicupho. Okugcobe ngamafutha bese ungcwaba emhlabathini. Iphunga ubhekeni, ama-martens agaya umhlabathi futhi awele ezigibeni ngekhanda noma ngonyawo.Eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala izithiyidi ezilingweni, engeza amaqanda amasha. Ukuze umndilili uphumelele, kufanele uye ekuzingeleni nenja eqeqeshiwe, ukushushuluza ehlathini ebusika futhi ulungele ukuchitha ubusuku ehlathini. UMarten angahamba izihlahla amakhilomitha amaningi, ngakho-ke umzingeli kufanele aqine. Abazingeli abanokuhlangenwe nakho kumathrekhi eqhweni bangafunda okuningi ngosayizi nangekhambu le-marten.
Izithombe 22.
Izithombe 23.
Izithombe 24.
Izithombe 25.
Izithombe 26.
Indlela yokuphila
Ihlala emphemeni wehlathi wezintaba kufinyelela umngcele wayo ophezulu. Kuhlala amahlathi e-oki-beech, ama-walnut nama-chestnut. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezingadini. Igwema amahlathi asezingeni eliphansi ngotshani obukhulu, ikhava efile, amahlathi acinene e-beech. Eminyakeni yokwehluleka kwezitshalo, okuphakelayo okuyinhloko kuya emahlathini axubile. Kodwa-ke, ukusuka lapha squirrel yasePheresiya ithathelwa indawo imbangi yayo - squirrel ejwayelekile, eyethulwa eCaucasus ngeminyaka engama-30-50s ngekhulu le-XX. Emahlathini acijile, ukuncintisana kuncane, njengoba isikwati esivamile sithanda ukuhlala emahlathini acwengile.
Ama-squirrel amaPersi ahlala yedwa futhi ngababili. Iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, iziqongo zomsebenzi zenzeka ekuseni nangamahora kusihlwa. Ehlathini kulula ukuhlukanisa izwi lakhe, elifana nensimbi yokukhohlisa-ukukopela. Indlela yokuphila ayijwayelekile, yize imvamisa (kaningi kaningi ukwedlula ama-squirrels). Indiza isuka egatsheni iye egatsheni, igxuma ubude bamamitha angama-3-5. Uma isengozini, ifihla emqheleni wesihlahla noma iqhwa, ibambelele esiqwini. Ukubhukuda kahle, kepha ngokunqikaza kungena emanzini. Ngokusobala, akenzi ukufuduka okukhulu; ukunyakaza kusendaweni ngokwemvelo - njengoba amantongomane nezithelo zivuthwa, amaprotheni akhuphuka emthambekeni. Aziweli ekuweni hibernation.
Ama-squirrel asePheresiya azingelwa ihlathi nangama-martens amatshe, ama-squirrel asanda kuzalwa abulawa ngamanani amakhulu ngo-weasel. I-squirrel yasePheresiya ayikubekezeleli ukugqilazwa kahle noma isencane.
Izindatshana
Izimpi emigodini etholakala 5-5 m ngaphezu komhlaba noma phansi, ezindaweni ezimpande. IGuyna evela amahlumela namaqabunga ayenzi. Ukhetha ukuhlala kuma-elms, lindens, maples and oak, ekhetha izihlahla ezivalekile phakathi kwesihlahla esiminyene. Ukufakwa kwesidleke emgodini kuyizingxenye ezintathu: eyokuqala, ungqimba lwangaphandle luqukethe uthuli olomile, okwesibili - kusuka emaqabungeni aqothulwe, okwesithathu, okungaphakathi - kusuka kuwo wonke amaqabunga kanye nenkawu.
Umsoco
Idla ngembewu yesihlahla, amantongomane, ama-chestnut, ama-acorns, izithelo, amajikijolo, amakhowe, ama-buds kanye namahlumela ezihlahla zehlathi nezihlahla. ECaucasus, ukhetha ama-walnuts ne-hazel. ELebanoni nase-Israyeli, idla ikakhulukazi ngembewu yemisedari, izihlahla zikaphayini kanye nama-acorn. Kokomuntu odla amaprotheni uyakwazi ukudla ukudla okungafika kuma-30 g we-nut kernels. Imvamisa idla ukudla kwezilwane (ama-invertebrates, amaqanda wezinyoni, izibungu).
Ekudla, ukuncika kwesikhathi esithile kuyabonakala. Ukusuka ekwindla kuye entwasahlobo, isisekelo sokudla yimbewu yesihlahla. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, indima yokondla okuluhlaza inyuka futhi nengxenye yokudla kwezilwane iyanda. Ebusika, squirrel yenza amasheya amantongomane, ama-chestnut, ama-acorn, amakhowe, uwafihle ezindaweni zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene, imvamisa ezakhiweni eziyisisekelo zezihlahla ezindala, kanti namanye amagundane nawo asebenzisa amasheya awo.
Ukuzala
I-biology yokuzalwa kwayo ifundwe imbi kakhulu kuneprotheyini elijwayelekile. ETranscaucasia, squirrel yasePheresiya zizala unyaka wonke, ngeziqalo ezintathu: ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari - ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli futhi ukusuka maphakathi noJulayi kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ukungcola phakathi nonyaka wesi-2, kwabesifazane abathile - 3. Ukukhulelwa kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-30, enkulumeni 2-4 enqunu, iwundlu eliyimpumputhe. Ukondla kuthatha amasonto ayisithupha. Amaphrotheni amancane afinyelela ekuvuthweni eneminyaka engu-5-6 izinyanga ubudala.
Isimo Sokulondolozwa Kokweqile
Inani lama-squirrels ase-Persia liphansi futhi lingaphansi kokushintshashintsha okukhulu ngokuya nge-biotope. Kuvame kakhulu emahlathini avuthiwe, ocebile ngezigodi, nasezigangeni zama-walnut. EGeorgia, ngenxa yokwethulwa kwe-squirrel ejwayelekile, ethathe indawo yes squirrel yasePheresiya kusuka emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, inani layo nobubanzi behla ngo-20%. Umonakalo omkhulu kubantu bakhona ubangelwa ukuncishiswa kwamahlathi ngabantu, okuholela ekutheni inyamalale indawo yayo yemvelo nokuqhekeka kobubanzi kube yiziqeshana ezingazodwa.
I-squirrel yasePheresiya ayinenani lentengiso ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane nobumbala boboya. Kwenza ukulimala okuthile ngokudla ama-walnuts.
Imuphi umbala ijazi loboya ehlobo?
Ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka, lezi zilwane zinombala wejazi elihlukile. Kabili ngonyaka, ancibilikisa ekhanda, esiqwini nasemilenzeni, kepha umsila uncibilika kaningi.
I-squirrel ehlobo igqoka ijazi elibomvu noma elibomvu. Ngabantu abanezinwele ezibomvu abajwayele ukubona lobu buhle behlathi. Ungabona i-squirrel ehlobo esithombeni. EJalimane ungahlangana nobuhle bejazi loboya obumnyama. I-tummy ihlala ipendwe imhlophe.
Inkomba. Lesi silwane sethembela kakhulu futhi sisheshe sijwayele abantu.
Ukwehla kwalezi zilwane kumangazwa abaningi, ngoba bayakwazi ukugibela izihlahla ezinde ngejubane lombani futhi bagxume besuka kwelinye igatsha baye kwelinye, kanti amabanga aphakathi kwazo kungenzeka angabi mancane. Abasizi bakhe kulokhu izigqoko ezibukhali emilenzeni yakhe futhi, empeleni, umsila omuhle kakhulu, odingekayo hhayi kuphela ngobuhle, kodwa futhi nangokundiza.
Inkomba. Ukhuphukela esihlahleni somuthi, squirrel sihamba ngokuvunguza, ukubonile lokhu?
Ukuzala
Ngenkathi efudumele, lezi zilwane ziqala ukuzala. Bakhetha umlingani kuphela isikhathi sokukhwelana, izilwane zinamathuba amaningi okuba zodwa.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lezi zilwane zande kakhulu futhi zingaletha amalitha amathathu ngesizini eyodwa. Lokhu kunqunywa ngu:
- indawo yokuhlala
- kwabantu
- inani lokudla olutholakala esifundeni sendawo.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa ababalelwa ku-3-6 babuthana bezungeza insikazi. Bayancintisana phakathi kwabo futhi bangaziphatha ngolaka nabanye. Lokhu kungabonakala ngesimo sokudubula, ukujaha, ukulwa. Lapho kunophumelele oyedwa, izilwane zingaqhubeka nokukhulelwa.
Kwabancane, umama wesikhathi esizayo wakhela isidleke esihlukile. Sikhulu futhi sinembe kakhudlwana kunokwejwayelekile izidleke zalezi zilwane.
Iqiniso elihehayo. Umama wesikhathi esizayo wakhela izidleke ezingaphezu kwesisodwa izingane zakhe ezizayo. Lokhu ukuvikela imvuthuluka. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, umama uzodlulisela izingane zakhe esidlekeni, lapho zisengozini ziye endaweni ephephile.
Ukuzalela izingane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35- 38, kanti izingane ezinodoti owodwa zingasukela kolunye kuya kweziyishumi.
Baphila isikhathi esingakanani?
Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zilwane siyiminyaka eyi-12, asisekho, futhi lokhu kugcinwa lapho kuthunjiwe. Lapho uhlala endle, ubuhle obufudumele bungaphila iminyaka engaphezulu kwe-4, le yimithi emide.
Izilwane ezinjenge-marten, isikhova, izimpungushe ngisho namakati zisongela lezi zilwane ezinoboya. Ehlathini, amaprotheni angafa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla, kanye nemikhaza, amazeze nezinye izidalwa, okuyizithwali zezifo ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya amarabi, nakho kuletha ukufa. Ngenxa yezifo zalezi zilwane, isikhathi sokuphila sincishiswa kakhulu.